Math Practice Questions

Sl. Subjects Pages

No
1 Percentage 1–8
2 Ratio & Proportion
3 Average
4 Partnership
s5 Profit & Loss
6 Simple Interest
7 Compound Interest
8 Time & Work
9 Boat & Stream
10 Age Related Question
11 Pipe & Cistern
12 Time & Distance
13 Number System
14 Simplification
15 HCF & LCF
16 Mensuration
17 Data Interpretation

1
Percentage
1) What percentage will the number 24 of 120 be?

24
Sol. × 100 = 20%
120

2) What is the percentage of 3 kg. to 150 grams?

150
Sol. × 100 = 5%
3000

(3 Kg = 3000 grams)

3) What will be 40% of the number 120?

120×40
Sol. 100
= 48

4) What will be 20% of 12% of the number 2000?

12 20
Sol. 2000 × × = 48
100 100

5) Convert the fraction into a percentage.

2 2
(i) 5 5
× 100 = 40%

4 4
(ii) × 100 = 80%
5 5

6)If 16 percent of a number is 48 then that number will be:

16% → 48

48
1% → 16

100% → 3× 100 = 300

7) There are 500 students in a class. If 450 students have passed, then find the percentage of fail.

Fail = 500 – 450 = 50

50
Fail % = × 100 = 10%
500

8) The integer of a number is 600 digits. If a student gets 480 marks. Find the percentage.

480
600
× 100 = 80%

2
9) A class has a total of 2000 students. If the percentage of boys is 60%, then find the number of girls.
Boys Girls
60% 40%
40
40% 0f 2000 = 2000× = 800
100

10) 10% of his income by an individual on education, 20% food but spend 40% on clothes. If his savings
are 2700, then what will be the total income?
Total saving = 100% – 70% = 30%
Saving 30% ––––––––––– 2700
2700
1% ––––––––––– 30
= 90
100% ––––––––– = 100 × 90 = 9000

11) In an election, the winning candidate got 60% votes and if he won by 1800 votes then how many
votes did he get in the election?
Winning Defeat
60% 40%
20%
Difference 20% ––––––––– 1800
1800
1% ––––––––– = 90
20
100% ––––––––– 100 × 90 = 9000

12) To pass an exam, it is mandatory to get 40 percent marks, if a student got 32 percent marks and
failed by 24 points, then how much was the completer of the exam?
Passed% Student
40% 32%
8%
Difference 8% –––––––– 24
24
1% –––––––– =3
8
100% –––––––– 3 × 100 = 300
13) In an examination, 80% students passed in Hindi and 85% students passed in Mathematics and 75%
passed in both subjects. Find the percentage of failure.
Hindi Mathematics
H + M = 80% + 85% = 165
Passed = 165 – 75 = 90%
Failed = 100 – 90% = 10%
80% 75% 85%

To get the failure % have to deduct commons from the sum of Hindi + Math%

3
14) The population of a village is 8000. If there is a 10% increase in every year, then what will be the
population after 2 years?
+10
100 110
Before After

110 110 110

8000 × 100 × 100 = 9680 ( Have to multiply 100 twice as there is two years)

15)The value of a refrigerator is 12800 and if there is a depreciation of 20% each year, then what was
the price 2 years ago?
–20
100 80
100 100
12800 × 80
× 80
= 20000

16) A number is increased by 20% first and decreased by 10%. What is the total increase or decrease
percentage of the number?
→20% increased on 100, i.e. 100+20 = 120
120 90
→10% decreased on 100, i.e. 100 – 10 = 90

12 × 9 = 108, then 8% increased

17) If the length of a rectangle is increased by 10% and the width is reduced by 10%, then the net
percentage change in the area.
110 × 90
11 × 9 = 99, then 1% reduced on total area.
18) When there is a 20 % decrease in the price of sugar, what percentage should increase in
consumption so that the expenditure remains unchanged?
80 4 1
=
100 5 4
× 100 = 25%

19) If A’s income is 20% more than B’s, then what percentage of B’s income is less than A’s income?
A B
120 100
B is less than A in what %
20 2
× 100 = 16 %
120 3

20) A 400 liter solution (mixture) contains 10% water and how much liter of water to be added to make
it 20%.
Salt water
90% 10%
80% 20%
90
80
× 400 = 450 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟.

Required Water = 450 – 400 = 50 liter

4
21) Increasing the numerator of a fraction 10% and reducing its denominator 10% the resulting new
11
fraction is 15 find the original fraction.
A×110 𝟏𝟏
B×90
× 𝟏𝟓
𝐴 11 9 3
𝐵
= 15 × 11 = 5

22) In a test, some students took the Hindi subject and some students took English subjects and some
took both subjects. If 80% of the students took Hindi subjects and half of them took English
subjects, then what % of students took both subjects?
80 + 40 = 120
Then the students took both the subjects = 120 – 100 = 20%
23) Due to increase in the price of sugar by 20%, a person buys 5 kg less sugar for ₹ 500. Find increased
price per kg of sugar.
100
20% of 500 = 100 , Then 5
= 20 per kg

24) Raman’s salary reduced by 50% and then it rose by 50%. What is the percentage of his loss.
50 × 150 = 75 , So loss % = 100 – 75 = 25%
25) 6.4 is what % of 0.04?
6.4 640
= × 100 = 640 × 25 = 16000%
0.04 4

26) What will be the 20% of 15% of 10% of ₹ 20,000?

20 15 10
20000× × × = 60
100 100 100

27) The difference between 42% and 28% of number is 210, what is 59% of that number?
Difference (42% – 28%)
14% 210
210
1% = 15
14

Then the number is 15 × 100 = 1500

28) What is the 25% of 1% of 1% of 1000?
25 1 1
1000 × 100 × 100 × 100 = 0.025

29) If two numbers are respectively, 30% and 40% more than a third number, what percent is the
second of the first?
First Number Second Number Third Number
130 140 100
140
130
× 100 = 107.69%

5
 1
30) What will be the value of 2 % in decimal fraction?
1 1 1
× = = 0.005
2 100 200
3
31) If 60% of A =4 𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐵, then A: B =?
60 3
A × 100 = B × 4
3 3
A×5 = B×4
𝐴 𝐵
5
= 4
→ A:B = 5: 4

32) The price of an article is increased by 10% and again increased 20%. If the last increased value is 33,
then what was the initial price of the article?
110 120
Price × × = 33
100 100
100
Price = 33×132 = 25

33) The income of a broker remains unchanged, though the rate of brokerage increased from 4% to 5%
on a commodity. The percentage of slump in business is_____.
4 ––––––– 5 ––––––– 4
1
5
× 100 = 20%

34) If 4 liters of water is evaporated on boiling from 12 liters of salt solution containing 7% salt, the % of
salt in the remaining solution is____.

12 Less 4 liter 8

12
7× 8
= 10.5%

35) A reduction of 25% in the price of apples would enable a purchaser to get 2 kg apples more for
₹ 240. Find the original price per kg of apples.
75% ––––––––– 240
240
1% ––––––––––
75
240
100% –––––––– 75
× 100 = 320
80
Difference = 320 – 240 = 80 (2 kg.), 1 per kg. = = ₹ 40
2

36) In an examination, 42% of the candidates failed in Mathematics and 52% of the candidates in
English. If 17% of the candidates failed in both the subjects and 6900 candidates passed in both the
subjects, then what is the total number of candidates?

6
 MATH ENG

42% 17% 52%

FAIL FAIL FAIL

Failed = 42 + 52 – 17 = 77%
Passed = 23%
Then, 23% ––––––––– 6900
6900
1% ––––––––– 23
= 300

100% ––––––––– 300 × 100 = 30000

37) In a school, the ratio of boys and girls are in the ratio of 3 : 2. If 20% of the boys and 30% of the girls
get scholarships. Then what is the percentage of students who do not take scholarship?
Boys Girls
3 : 2
20% 80% 30% 70%
80% of 3 = 2.4 70% of 2 = 1.4
3.8
The students who don’t get scholarships = 5
× 100 = 76%

38) In an examination, A got 25% more marks than B. In it B got 10% less marks than C and C got 25%
more marks than D. Accordingly if D got 320 out of 500, then how many marks did A get?
A B C D
320
90% 72% 80% 64% D=500× 100 = 64%

+25% – 10 % + 25%
𝑥
A gets 90% , 90% = 500 × 100 = 450

39) If 120 is 20% of a number, then what will be 120% of that number?
20% ––––– 120
120
1% ––––– 20
=6
120% –––– 120 × 6 = 720
40) If A is 50%, more than C and 25% and B is 25% more than C. By what percent A is more than B?
A B C
150 : 125 : 100
25
125
× 100 = 20%

7
 Ratio & Proportion
1. Which of the following ratios is the largest:
a) 2:5 b) 3:4 c) 5:6 d) 9:10
2 3 5 9
Sol. ( By adding “0” in numerator)
5 4 6 10
20 30 50 90
5 4 6 10

4 7.5 8.3 9––––––– is the largest

2. If A:B = 2:3 and B:C = 4:5, then A:B:C will be:
A: B: C A: B: C:
2 3 2 3 3
4 5 4 4 5
8 : 12 : 15
Trick– The number whose side is blank increase the same no.
3. If 2A = 3B and 3B = 4C, find A:B:C.
A: B: C A: B: C
3 2 3 2 2
4 3 4 4 3
12: 8: 6
4. Find the value of a if 16:42 :: 32:a
16 × A = 42 × 32
A= 42 × 2= 84 (Product of External no = Product of internal no)
5. Find forth ratio of 15, 20 and 45
15 : 20 : : 45 : a
15 × a = 20 × 45 = 60
6. Find the median ratio of 9, 16
9×16 =√144= 12
7. If A and B divide ₹ 4500 in 2:3, then how much amount will B get?
A: B
2: 3
Total = 5a = 4500, a = 900
→ B will get = 900×3 = 2700

8
8. Some amount is distributed to Ram, Shyam and Mohan in the ratio of 3:4:5. IF Shyam gets ₹ 1200
then how much amount will Ram get?
Ram : Shyam : Mohan
3 : 4 : 5
Total Ram = 4a = 1200, a = 300
Then Ram’s part of share is 300×3 = 900
9. A person has a 280 meter piece of wood. If the length of the smaller part is 75 percent of the larger
part, then find the smaller part.
Smaller : Big
75 : 100
3 : 4
Total = 3 + 4 = 7a = 280,  a = 40
 Then the smaller part is = 40×3 = 120 meter
10. If the ratio of the angels of a triangle is 2:3:5, find the value of the largest angle.
A : B : C
2 : 3 : 5
Total = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10a = 180
 a = 18 , Then C = 18×5 = 90
11. A person has some ₹1 coins and 50 paisa coins in the ratio of 3:4. If the total amount is ₹45, find the
number of 50 paisa coins.
 ₹1 50 Paisa
Coin 3 : 4
––––––––––––––––
₹3 : 2
Total = (3+2)a = 5a = 45
 a = 9 , Then number of 50 paisa coins is= 9×4 = 36
12. A farmer has some cows and some chickens. If the number of heads is 48 and the number of legs is
120, find the number of cows with the farmer.
leg 120
 2
– head= 2
– 48 = 60– 48 = 12 cows

9
 1 1 1
13. The sum of ₹6,500 distributed among P, Q and R with a ratio of : : . Then P will get how much
2 3 4

money?
P : Q : R
1 1 1
12×2 : 12×3 : 12×4

6 : 4 : 3
6500
13a = 6500, A= 13
= 500, Then P = 500×6 = ₹3,000

14. The ratio of two numbers is 3:4. If 5 is added to each number, the ratio becomes 7:9, then find the
smaller number.
3𝑎+5 7
4𝑎+5 9
=

27a + 45 = 28a + 35
 28a – 27a = 45 – 35
 a = 10 , Then the small number is = 10×3= 30
15. The ratio of salt and water in a mixture of 40 liters is 2:3, find the amount of water in the mixture.
Salt Water
2 : 3
Total 2a + 3a = 5a = 40, a = 8, Then the water in that mixture = 8×3= 24 liter
16. The ratio of two numbers is 2:3. If their product is 96, then find the larger number.
1st no. 2nd no.
2a 3a
Product of two nos.= 2a×3a= 6a2=96
 a2=96/6=16
 a = √16=4, Then the largest number is 3×4= 12
17. If x:y = 7:5, find (x2 + y2) : (x2 – y2)
(49+25) : (49 – 25)
74 : 24
 37 : 12
𝑝2 +𝑞 2
18. If P:Q = 4:3, then find 5
=?
42 +32 16+9 25
 = = =5
5 5 5

10
19. The ratio of salt and water in two vessels are 3:2 and 4:1. If the mixture of both vessels are poured
and mixed in a third vessel, what will be the ratio of salt and water.

3+2=5 4+1=5

Salt Water Salt Water

3 2 4 1
+ +
5 5 5 5

Salt Water
3 4 𝟕 2 1 𝟑
5
+ 5=𝟓 5
+ 5= 𝟓

 Salt and Water ratio will be 7:3

20. If a: b = 3:4 and b: c = 8:9, then a: c =?
a b c
3 4 ––––– 4
8 ––––– 8 9
24 36
a : c
2 : 3
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
21. If a:b = 3:4 and b:c = 4:7 then 𝑐
=?

a : b : c
3 : 4 4
4 4 : 7
12 16 28
3 : 4 : 7
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 3+4+7 14
 𝑐
= 7
= 7
=2
4 5
22. If A:B = 5 and B:C = 2 then find 𝐴: 𝐶 =?

A B C
4 5 5
5 5 2
20 25 10
A : C =20 : 10 = 2:1

11
23. If A:B = 3:4, B:C= 5:7 and C:D = 8:9, then A:D = ?
A : B : C : D
3 4 4 4
5 5 7 7
8 8 8 9
120 160 224 252
30 40 56 63
A : D
30 : 63
10 : 21
2 1 2 5 5 3
24. If A:B = ∶ ; B:C = : and C:D = : then find A:B:C:D=?
9 3 7 14 6 4
2 1
A : B = 9 : 3 = 6:9 = 2:3
2 5
B : C = 7 : 14 = 28:35 = 4 :5
5 3
C : D = : = 20:18 = 10 : 9
6 4

A : B : C : D
2 3 3 3
4 4 5 5
10 10 10 9
80 120 150 135
16 24 30 27
25. What is the third proportional of 16 and 24?
24×24
16
= 36

26. In each term of 3: 5, add the smallest number so that the new numbers are in the ratio 3: 4?
3+𝑎 3
5+𝑎
= 4  12 + 4a = 15 + 3a

Then, a = 3
27. Two numbers are in the ratio of 1:3, If their sum is 240, what will be their difference?
1st No. 2nd No.
1 : 3
 4a = 240 , a = 60, Difference= 60×2= 120

12
28. Two numbers are in the ratio of 3 :4 and their least common multiple is 84. What will be the greater
number of these?
1st No. 2nd No.
3 : 4
 12a = 84, a = 7, then the greatest no. = 7×4 = 28
29. Two natural numbers are in the ratio of 3:5 and their product is 2160. What will be the smaller
number?
I II
3 : 5
15a2 = 2160
 a2= 144, a = 12, Then the smaller number is 12×3= 36
30. The mixture of milk and water in two pots A and B are in the ratio of 5:3 and 2:3 respectively. In
what proportion should these mixtures be mixed to form a new mixture containing half milk and half
water?
Pot A Pot B
5 3 2 3
8
∶8 5 5
:

1 1
∶
2 2

Pot A Pot B
5 2
40× 40×
8 5
1
2
× 40

25 16

20

4 5
 To obtain the above ratio of milk and water have to mix in = 4 : 5 ratio.

13
31. Gold is 19 times than water while copper is 9 times heavier than water. In what proportion should
they mixed so that the mixing metal is 15 times heavier than water?

Gold Copper
19 9

15

6 : 4
3 : 2

32. The three numbers are in the ratio 3:4:5 respectively. The sum of the first and third numbers is 52
more than the second number, what is the largest number?
I II III
3 : 4 : 5
Difference, 2a = 52, a = 26
Then the largest number is 26 × 5 = 130
33. The three numbers are in the ratio 5:6:7. If the products of these numbers is 5670, then which are
the largest numbers among them?
I II III
5 : 6 : 7
Products of these numbers is 210𝑎3 = 5670
a3 = 27, a = 3
 The greatest number is 7 ×3 = 21
3
34. 40% of a number is equal to the 5 𝑡ℎ of another number, then what will be the ratio of the first

number to the second number?

3
 I × 40% = II × 5
40 3
I× = II ×
100 5
2 3
 I × 5 = II × 5

 I × 2 = II × 3
 I ∶ II = 3 ∶ 2

14
Average
1) Find the average of the first 100 natural numbers.
1 + 100 101
= = 50.5
2 2
2) Find the average of the first 50 whole numbers.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4…49
0+49
2
= 24.5
3) Find the average of the first 20 even numbers.
2, 4, 6…40
2+40 42
2
= 2
= 21
4) Find the average of the first 50 odd numbers.
1, 3, 5, 7….99
1+99 100
2
= 2
= 50
5) What will be the average of even numbers up to 60.
2, 4, 6, 8…60
2+60 62
2
= 2
= 31
6) Find the average of odd numbers up to 40.
1, 3, 5...39
1+39 40
= = 20
2 2
7) Find the average of the first 9 multiples of 8.
8, 16, 24…..72
8+72 80
2
= 2
= 40
8) What will be the average of the first 10 prime numbers?
2+3+5+7+11+13+17+19+23+29 129
10
= 10
= 12.9
9) The average of 5 consecutive numbers is 42, then find the smallest number.
40, 41, 42, 43, 44
 The smallest number is 40
10) The average of 4 consecutive numbers is 22.5, which will be the smallest number?
21, 22, 22.5, 23, 24
 The smallest number is 21
11) The average of 5 even numbers is 108, then the smallest number is____.
104, 106, 108, 110, 112
 Then the smallest number is 104
12) The average of 4 consecutive even numbers is 47, then the biggest number will be:
44, 46, 47, 48, 50
 Then the biggest number = 50

15
13) A train goes from Jaipur to Delhi at a speed of 60 km/hr. and returns a speed of 40 km/hr, then find
the average speed of that train.
2𝑥𝑦 2×60×40
Average speed = 𝑥+𝑦 = 40+60
= 48km/hr
14) The average weight of 20 students in a class is 40 kg. If the weight of each student is increased by 5
kg. Then the average of the class will be_____.
20 students –––––––– 40 kg.
Each student +5 kg. –––––– 40+5 = 45 kg.
 Therefore, the new average will be 45 kg.
15) The average weight of 20 students in a class is 50 kg. 5 students joined more and the average weight
increased by 2 kg., then the total weight of the new students will be:
20 students –––––––– 50Kg –––––––– 50×20= 1000kg.
25 students –––––––– 52kg –––––––– 52×25= 1300kg.
Hence, the average of the 5 new students is 300 kg.
16) The average of 10 students in a class is 35kg. If the teacher’s weight is also included, then the
average increased by 1 kg., then the teacher weight will be:
10 students –––––––– 35kg. ––––––– 35×10= 350kg.
11 students –––––––– 36 kg. –––––– 36×11= 396kg.
 Therefore, the weight of the teacher is (396 – 350) = 46kg.
17) The average of 4 numbers is 20, out of which the average of 3 numbers is 18, what will be the fourth
number?
4 numbers –––––––– 20×4= 80
3 numbers –––––––– 18×3 = 54
Then the fourth number is = 80 – 54 = 26
18) A student scored an average of 80% marks in his 5 subjects. 82% 84% 78% and 72% marks in his four
subjects, then what percentage of marks will be in his 5th subjects?
5 subjects ––––––––– 80% = 80×5 = 400
4 subjects ––––––––– 82 + 84 + 78 +72 = 316
 Then 5th subject ––––– 400 – 316 = 84%
19) The average score of 60 boys in a class is 40 and the average score of 40 girls is 60, then find the
average score of all the students.
60 boys –––––––– 40 ––––––– 60×40=2400
40 girls –––––––– 60 ––––––– 40×60 = 2400
Total students= 60+40 = 100, and the total scored = 2400+2400= 4800
Tot.Scores 4800
 Average Score of all the students= Tot.Students = 100
= 48marks

20) The average of 5 numbers is 20. The average of the first 3 numbers is 21, the average of the last 3
numbers is 22, then find the third number.
5 numbers ––––––– 20 × 5 = 100
First 3 nos. ––––––– 21 × 3 = 63
Last 3 nos. ––––––– 22 ×3 = 66
 The third number is = (63+66)–100  129 – 100 = 29

16
21) The average of 11 numbers is 10, the average of first 5 numbers is 9, and the average of the last 5
numbers is 8, then find the six number.
11 numbers ––––––– 10×11= 110
First 5 nos. –––––––– 9×5 = 45
Last 5 nos. –––––––– 8×5 = 40
 The 6th number = 110 − (45 + 40) = 110 − 85 = 25
22) The average temperature of a week is 300C, the average for the first 3 days is 280C and the average
for the last 3 days is 290C, then the temperature of the fourth day will be:
7 days ––––––––––– 7 × 30 = 210
First 3 day ––––––– 3 × 28= 840C
Last 3 days ––––––– 3 × 29 = 870C
1710C
 The fourth day temperature is 210 – 171 = 300C
23) If the sum of five consecutive numbers is 200, find the smallest number.
200
 Average is = 5
= 40
 The average is the middle number (of the 5 consecutive numbers)
 38 39 40 41 42
 Then the small number is 38
24) If the sum of 5 consecutive numbers is 105. Find the smallest number.
105
 Average = 5
= 21
 So, the mid number of the series is = 21
19 20 21 22 23
 The smallest number is 21.
25) If a train travels from A to B at a speed of 60 km/hr and returns at a speed of 40 km/hr, find the
average speed of the train.
2𝑎𝑏 2×60×40 4800
 Average Speed = 𝑎+𝑏 = 60+40
= 100
= 48𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.
26) The average score of 30 boys is 20 and the average score of 20 girls is 30, then find the average score
of all the students.
 The sum of score of boys = 30×20= 600
 The sum of score of girls = 20 × 30= 600
600+600 1200
 The average of all = 30+20
= 50
= 24
27) M is the average of numbers N and N is the average of numbers M2. Find the average of all the
2

numbers.
𝑀𝑁 2+𝑁𝑀2 𝑀𝑁(𝑀+𝑁)
 (𝑀+𝑁)
= 𝑀+𝑁
= 𝑀𝑁
28) What is the average of the first 9 prime numbers?
2+3+5+7+11+13+17+19+23 100
 9
= 9
= 11.11
29) The average of 5 numbers is 10. Which number should be added so that the average becomes 12?
 The sum of 5 numbers = 5×10 = 50

17
  The sum of 6 numbers = 6 × 12 =72
 The number to be added is = 72 – 50= 22
30) A, B, C and D are four consecutive odd numbers whose average is 42. What is product B and D?
Average is 42
39 41 43 45
B × D = 41 × 45 = 1845
31) The average of two numbers A and B is 20 and the average of B and C is 19 and the average of C and
A is 21, what is the value of A?
AB 20 +
BC 19 –
CA 21 +
A = 20 + 21 – 19 = 41 – 19 = 22
32) The average of monthly income of A and B is 14,000, the average monthly income of B and C is
15,600 and the average monthly income of A and C is 14400. What is B’s monthly income?
AB 14,000 +
BC 15,600 +
AC 14400 –
B = 14000 + 15600 – 14400 = 15,200
33) The average score of 240 students was 35. If the average score passed students is 39, and the
average score of failed students is 15, then how many students passed?
Passed Failed
39 15
35
20 4
5 : 1
 6a = 240
 a = 40  Then the total no of students passed = 40×5 = 200
34) The average score of students and girl students in an examination are 71 and 73 respectively. The
average score of all students is 71.8, what is the ratio of students to girls?
Students Girls
71 73
71.8
1.2 : 0.8
3 : 2
35) The average of 19 innings of a cricket player was something. If he makes 90 runs in the 20th innings,
then his average increased by 2 runs, then what will be the average of 20 innings?
Increased = 20×2 = 40
Then old average = 90 – 40 = 50
Then the average of 20th innings = 50 + 2 = 52 runs

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Partnership
1) A and B started a business by investing ₹3,000 and ₹4,000 respectively. After a year, they earned a
profit of ₹3,500, and then the share of B in the profits will be?
A B
3000 4000
3 : 4
 7a = 3500 and a = 500
 B’s share of profit is = 500 × 4 = 2000
2) A started a business in 2000 and after 7 months B joined with a capital of 5,000. If there is a profit of
9,800 at the end of the year, how much money will B get?
A B
2000×12 5000×5
24 25
 49a = 9800
 a = 200
 B’s share of profit = 200×25 =5000
3) In a partnership business, A and B invested in the ratio of 5:6. At the end of the 8 months, A withdrew
his capital. If they shared the eventual profit in the ratio of 5: 9, then what is the number of months for
which B invested his capital?
A B
5 : 6
(5×8) 5
 6×𝑇
=9
 T = 12 months

4) P started a business by investing ₹ 50,000 and after 12 months, Q joined with a capital of ₹ 60,000.
After 3 years what will be their profit sharing ratio?
P Q
50,000 × 36 60,000×24
5×3 6×2
5 : 4
 Their profit sharing ratio = 5 : 4
5) P started a business with a capital of ₹ 5,000. After 6 months, Q became his partner by investing ₹
8,000. At the end of the year, if they have a profit of ₹ 3,600 and how much the share of profit of Q?
P Q
5,000 × 12 8,000 × 6
60 48
5 : 4
 9a = 3600 and a = 400,
 Q = 400 × 4 = 1600

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6) Three friends P, Q and R started a business by investing ₹ 2,000, ₹ 4,000, and ₹ 7,000 respectively.
What will be Q’s share of profit, if at the end of the year total profit becomes ₹ 7,800.
P Q R
2000 4000 7000
Profit sharing ratio= 2 : 4 : 7
13a = 7800
 a = 600
 Q’s share of profit = 600 × 4 = ₹ 2400

7) If A, B and C started a business by investing ₹ 2400, ₹ 3600 and ₹ 7200 respectively, and at the end of
the year the total profit is distributed in proportion to their investment. If C’s share in the profit is
₹4800, then what is the total profit earned?
A B C
2400 3600 7200
24 36 72
2 : 3 : 6 ––– Profit sharing ratio
 C’s share is = 6a = 4800
 a = 800
 Total profit earned = 800 × 11 = ₹ 8,800

8) A started a business with a capital of ₹ 4,000, and after 6 months B joined with an investment of
₹6,000, then after 3 months, C joined with them by investing ₹ 8,000. What will be their profit sharing
ratio after 2 years?
A B C
4000×24 6000×18 8000×15
8 : 9 : 10 ––– Profit sharing ratio

9) A, B and C subscribed ₹ 50,000 for a business. A subscribes ₹ 4,000 more than and B subscribes
₹5,000 more than C, and out of total profit ₹ 35,000 how much will B get?

A B C
a + 5000 + 4000 a + 5000 a
 3a + 14000 = 50,000
 a = 12000
A B C
21000 17000 12000
 Profit sharing ratio= 21 17 12
17
 B’s share of profit = 50 × 35,000 = 17 × 700 = ₹ 11,900

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10) A started a business with a capital of ₹ 40,000 and after some months B also became a partner with
an investment of ₹ 50,000. If at the end of the year their profit is divided in the ratio of 6: 5, then how
many months after the start of the business did B becomes partner?
A B
40000×12 50000×T
40000×12 6
 50000×𝑇
=5
 T = 8 months
 After 4 months of started of the business B joined.

11) A, B and C started a business together. Initially A had some capital, after 6 months B joined by
investing twice more capital than A’s, and after 8 months C invested thrice than A’s. What will be C’s
share of profit if total profit becomes 36,000 at the end of the year?
A B C
P×12 2P×6 3P×4
1 : 1 : 1
 A = 12,000 B= 12,000 C = 12,000
1
12) A and B entered into a partnership with capitals in the ratio 4:5. After 3 months, A withdrew 4 𝑡ℎ of
1
his capital and B withdrew 5 𝑡ℎ of his capital. The gain at the end of 10 months was ₹760. A’s share in
the profit is:
A B
1 1
{(4 × 3) + (4 − × 4) × 7} {(5 × 3) + (5 − × 5) × 7}
4 5
12+21 15+28
33 : 43 ––– Profit sharing ratio
 76a = 760, and a = 10
 A’s share of profit= 10×33 = 330
13) The profits of a trade is distributed among A, B and C in such a way that A’s 3 times of the part, 5
times B’s share and 7 times C’s share are equal. At the end of the year, what will be the difference of the
amount of benefits to all three?
A×3=B×5=C×7
A : B : C Trick: – Write down the B’s and C’s under A
5 3 3
7 7 5
35 : 21 : 15
14) A and B started a business together. A invested ₹30,000 for 8 months and B invested some capital
7
and stayed in the business for 6 months. In the end, B got 11 of the total profit. How much money did B
invested?
A B
30000×8 4
30000×8 : R×6 R 𝑅×6
= 7  R = 70000

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15) Three cowherds A, B, C together rented a pasture. A has his 15 cows gazed for 4 months, B gazed 25
cows for 2 months, and C gazed 14 cows for 5 months. If A’s share is ₹3600 out of the total rent, then
what is the total rent of the pasture?
A B C
15×4 25×2 14×5
60 50 70
6 5 7
 6a = 3600
 a = 600
 Total rent = 18 × 600= 10800

16) In a business, A invests ₹ 10,000 for 9 months and B invests ₹18,000 for a short period of time. If the
profit of A and B are equal, then for how long time B has invested his Capital?
A B
10,0000 × 9 18,000 × T
10,000×9 1
 18,000×T = 1
 Time = 5 months

17) A, B, C started a shop by investing for ₹ 27,000, ₹ 36,000 and ₹ 72,000 respectively. At the end of the
year the profit was distributed among them as per their Profit sharing ratio. And if profit of C is 3200,
then what was the total profit at the end of the period?

A B C
27,000 3600 72000
3 4 8
8a = 3200
 a = 400
Total profit = 400 × 15 = 6,000

18) A, B, C invests in a business 2,000, 2500 and 1,000. And if there becomes a profit of 1430, then how
much profit will C get?

A B C
2000 2500 1000
4 : 5 : 2
11a = 1430
 a = 130
C = 130 × 2 = 260

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Profit & Loss
1) A man buys an item for ₹ 250 and sells it for ₹ 300. Find the profit percentage of this man.
Cost price Selling Price
250 300
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 50
Profit % = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 × 100 = 250 × 100 = 20%
2) If a bicycle is bought for ₹2500 and sold for ₹ 2000, find the loss percentage.
500
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠% = 2500 × 100 = 20%
3) Mohan buys a scooter for ₹5,000 and spends ₹1,000 on its repair, if he sells the scooter for ₹7,200,
then find out his profit %.
Cost price = 5,000 + 1,000 = 6,000
Selling price = 7,200
1200
Then, Profit % = 6,000 × 100 = 20%
4) If the price of an article is 90% of its selling price, then find the profit %.
Cost price Selling Price
90 100
10 1
Then Profit % = × 100 = 11 %
90 9
5) A vendor buys 5 apples for ₹ 4 and sells 4 apples for ₹ 5, then find the profit or loss %.

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