VOCABULARY FOR STATISTICS

bottom at (v) considerable (adj) – considerable (adv)

climb (v, n) dramatic (adj) – dramatically (adv)

decline (v, n) gradual (adj) – gradually (adv)

decrease (v, n) sharp (adj) – sharply (adv)

drop (v, n) significant (adj – significantly (adv)

fall (v, n) slight (adj) – slightly (adv)

fluctuate (v) – fluctuation (n) steady (adj) – steadily (adv)

go down (v) steep (adj) – steeply (adv)

go up (v) sudden (adj) – suddenly (adv)

grow (v) – growth (n)

hit a high of

hit a low of

increase (v, n)

peak at / reach a peak of

plummet (v, n)

remain constant

remain stable

remain steady

remain unchanged

rise (v, n)

rocket (v)

surge (v, n)
Climb(v,n) Decrease fFluctuate- reRemain stable
Go up Decline Fluctuationluctuate Remain uncharged
Increase Drop (v) – fluctuation (n) Remain steady
Rocket(v,n):Tăng Fall Remain constant
mạnh= surge=steep Go down main constant
Rise Plummetecline (v, n) remain stable
Grow-growth decrease (v, n) remain steady
se (v, n) drop (v, n) remain unchanged
surge (n, n) * fall (v, n)
rocket (v) * go down (v)
plummet (v, n) *

Hit a high of Hit a low of

Peak at/ Reach a peak Bottom atttom at
ofigh of hit a low of
peak at / reach a peak
of

ADJECTIVES - ADVERBS

Sharp(adj)-Sharply(adv) gSlight(adj)-Slightly(adv)

Significant(adj)-Significantly(adv) Steady(adj)-Steadily(adv)

Considerable(adj)- Considerable(adv)conside Gradual(adj)-Gradually(adv)

Dramatic(adj)-Dramatically(adv) radual (adj) – gradually (adv)

Steep(adj)-Steeply(adv) slight (adj) – slightly (adv)

Sudden(adj)-Suddenly(adv)rable (adj) – steady (adj) – steadily (adv)

considerable (adv)

dramatic (adj) – dramatically (adv)

sharp (adj) – sharply (adv) *

significant (adj – significantly (adv)

steep (adj) – steeply (adv) *

sudden (adj) – suddenly (adv) *

The number of reported cases of influenza began at 40 in 1985 after which the figure (1)
_increased_________ steadily to reach about 55 in 1987. In 1988, there was (2) _a
decrease_________ in the number to below 50 before (3) _____surging_____ to reach a (4)
_____peaked _____ (5) ___of_______ approximately 75 in 1991. After that date, the figure
dropped to about 55 in the final year.

Answer:
(1) rose / increased / climbed / grew / went up
(2) a fall / a decline / a drop / a dip / a decrease
(3) climbing / increasing / rising / going up / growing
(4) peak
(5) of
 SENTENCE STRUCTURES

Structure 1:
The price of textbooks rose sharply.
-> S+Verb+ Adv
 S + verb + adv.
Structure 2:
There was a sharp rise in the price of textbooks.
-> There+be+a/an+adj+noun+in....
 There + be + a/an + adj + noun + in + …
Structure 3:
The price of textbooks experienced a sharp rise.
-> S+ experienced/saw/witnessed+ a/an+ adj+noun+......
 S + experienced/saw/witnessed + a/an + adj + noun.

Practice
1. The price of cat food surged from $1.50 to $2.00 per can in late 2010.
-> There was a surge in the price of cat food from $1.50 to $2.00 per can in late 2010.
-> The price of cat food witnessed a surge from $1.50 to $2.00 per can in late 2010.

 There was a surge in the price of cat food from $1.50 to $2.00 per can in late 2010.
 The price of cat food witnessed a surge from $1.50 to $2.00 per can in late 2010.
2. The price of oil dropped steadily towards the end of the decade.
-> There was a steady drop in the price of oil towards the end of the decade.
-> The price of oil witnessed a steady drop towards the end of the decade.
 There was a steady drop in the price of oil towards the end of the decade.
 The price of oil experienced a steady drop towards the end of the decade.
3. The number of people moving to the city remained steady during the period.
-> There was a steady number of people moving to the city.
 There was a steady number of people moving to the city during the period.
4. There was a dramatic increase in the percentage of people travelling to work by bus from
11% to 23% while there was a slight drop in the percentage of people using cars to 18%.
-> There was a dramatic increase in the percentage of people travelling to work by bus increased
dramatically from 11% to 23% while the percentage of using car dropped slightly to 18%.

 The percentage of people travelling to work by bus increased dramatically from 11% to
23% while the percentage of people using cars dropped slightly to 18%.
 The percentage of people travelling to work by bus saw a dramatic increase from 11%
to 23% while the percentage of people using cars experienced a sight drop to 18%.
5. The sales of apples fluctuated slightly over the period. \
-> There was a slight fluctuation in the sales of apples over the period.
-> The sales of apples witnessed a slight fluctuation over the period.
 There was a slight fluctuation in the sales of apples over the period.
 The sales of apples witnessed a slight fluctuation over the period.
 PREPOSITIONS

 The temperature dropped from 30°C to 25°C.

 The temperature dropped by 5°C.
 There was a drop of 5°C.

 The temperature fluctuated between 23°C and 27°C.

 The temperature fluctuated around 25°C.

 The temperature remained stable at 28°C.

 The temperature peaked at 40°C. / The temperature reached a peak of 40°C.

 The temperature bottomed at 20°C.

 The temperature hit a high of 40°C.

 The temperature hit a low of 20°C.

Practice

https://www.ieltsbuddy.com/prepositions-in-graphs.html
 TIME PHRASES

at the beginning of the period

at the end of the period
in the following … years
over the next … years
over the period