Work, Energy and power

1. What is the internal energy of an object?

(A) It is the energy associated with the object’s movement through space.
(B) It is the energy associated with the random movement of the molecules in the object.
(C) It is the energy due to the attractions between the molecule within the object.
(D) It is the sun of all the microscopic potential and kinetic energies of the molecules.
2. Which word equation is not required to derive power as the product of force and velocity?
(A) Force=mass × acceleration
Work done
(B) Power=
Time
Displacement
(C) Velocity=
Time
(D) Wokr done=force ×displacemnt ∈the direction of the force
3. Which of the following expressions defines power?
(A) Force x distance moved in the direction of the force
(B) Force x velocity
(C) Work done ÷ time taken
(D) Work done x time taken
4. The density of mercury is 13.6 x 103 kg m-3. The pressure difference between the bottom and the
top of a column of mercury is 100 kPa. What is the height of the column?
(A) 0.75 m (B) 1.3 m
(C) 7.4 m (D) 72 m
5. A car of mass m has an engine which can deliver power P. What is the minimum time in which
the car can be accelerated from rest to a speed V?
mv P
(A) (B)
P mv
mv
2
2P
(C) (D) 2
2P mv
6. The engine of an inter-city train, travelling at 50 ms-1, delivers a power of 2 MW.
What is the tractive force exerted by the engine?
(A) 4 x 104 N (B) 1 x 105 N
(C) 4 x 103 N (D) 1 x 108 N
7. To travel at a constant speed, a car engine provides 24 kW of useful power. The driving force on
the car is 600 N.
At what speed does it travel?
(A) 2.5 ms-1 (B) 4.0 ms-1
(C) 25 ms-1 (D) 40 ms-1
8. An aircraft moving through air at velocity v experiences a resistance force F given by the
expression
F = kv2
Where k is a constant
What is the power required to keep the air craft moving at this constant velocity?
(A) kv (B) kv2
(C) kv3 (D) kv4
9. A ball is thrown vertically upwards.
Neglecting air resistance, which statement is correct?
(A) The kinetic energy of the ball is greatest at the greatest height attained.
(B) By the principle of conservation of energy, the total energy of the ball is constant throughout its
motion.
 (C) By the principle of conservation of momentum, the momentum of the ball is constant throughout
its motion.
(D) The potential energy of the ball increase uniformly with time during the ascent.
10. An electric motor is required to haul a cage of mass 400 kg up a mine shaft through a vertical
height of 1200 m in 2.0 minutes. What will be the electrical power required if the overall
efficiency is 80%? [Take g as 10 ms-2]
(A) 3.2 kW (B) 5.0 kW
(C) 3.2 kW (D) 50 kW
11. The work done W by an expanding gas is calculated using W = P∆V.
What must remain constant for this equation to be used?
(A) The pressure of the expanding gas
(B) The pressure of the surrounding
(C) The temperature of the expanding gas
(D) The temperature of the surrounding
12. A boat moving at constant speed V through still water experiences a total frictional drag F.
What is the power developed by the boat?
1
(A) Fv (B) Fv
2
1
(C) F v2 (D) Fv2
2
13. A constant force F is applied to a stationary object of mass m on a frictionless surface. A
constant acceleration increases the velocity of the object to some value v in a time t. It covers a
distance s during this time.
Which value of kinetic energy is given to the object?
(A) Fst (B) Fv
ms
(C) Fs (D)
2t
14. A concrete cube of side 0.59 m and uniform density 2.0 x 103kg m-3 is lifted 3.0 m vertically by
a crane.
What is the change in potential energy of the cube?
(A) 0.75 kJ (B) 7.4 kJ
(C) 29 kJ (D) 470 kJ
15. Initially, four identical uniform blocks, each of mass m and thickness h, are spread on a table.

How much work is done on the blocks in stacking them on top of one another?
(A) 2 mgh (B) 3 mgh
(C) 4 mgh (D) 6 mgh
16. A car of mass 1.2 x 103 kg travels along a horizontal road at a speed of 10 ms-1. It then
accelerates at 0.20 ms-2. At the time it begins to accelerate, the total resistive force acting on the
car is 160 N.
What total output is developed by the car as it begins the acceleration?
(A) 0.80 kW (B) 1.6 kW
(C) 2.4 kW (D) 4.0 kW
17. Power is transferred through a machine as shown.
 What is the efficiency of the machine?
P1 PL
(A) (B)
P O + PL Pt
PL Po
(C) (D)
Po Pl
18. A power station has an efficiency of 40% and generates 1000 MW of electrical power. What is
the input power and the wasted power?
Input power/ MW Wasted power/ MW
A 1000 400
B 1000 600
C 1400 400
D 2500 1500
19. The motor M in a crane is used to lift a total mass of 1400 kg through a height of 2.0 m at a
constant speed of 1.6 ms-1. The motor is 205 efficient.

What is the minimum input power to motor M?

(A) 11 kW (B) 22 kW
(C) 110 kW (D) 140 kW
20. The driving force F of a mass m causes the car to accelerate. In a time, t it travels a distance s
and its speed increases from u to v.
What is the useful work done by the car engine?
Fs
(A) (B) m (v - u)
t
2 2
m(v −u )
(C) Ft (D)
2
21. A force of 1000 N is needed to lift the hook of a crane at a steady velocity. The crane is then used
to lift a load of mass 1000 kg at a velocity of 0.50 ms-1.
How much of the power developed by the motor of the crane is used in lifting the hook and the
load? [Take g as 10ms-1]
(A) 5.0 kW (B) 5.5 kW
(C) 20 kW (D) 22 kW
22. A raindrop of mass m is falling vertically through the air with a steady speed v. the raindrop
experiences a retarding force kv due to the air, where k is a constant. The acceleration of free
fall is g.
Which expression give the kinetic energy of the raindrop.
2
mg mg
(A) (B)
k 2k
2

3 2 3 2
m g m g
(C) 2 (D) 2
k 2k
23. A space vehicle of mass m re-enters the Earth’s atmosphere at an angle ϴ to the horizontal.
Because of air resistance, the vehicle travels at a constant speed v.
The heat-shield of the vehicle dissipates heat at a rate P, so that the mean temperature of the
vehicle remains constant.
Taking g as the relevant value of the acceleration of free fall, which expression is equal to P?
(A) mgv (B) mg sinϴ
1 2 1 2 2
(C) mv (D) mv sin ϴ
2 2
24. Car X is travelling at half the speed of car Y. Car X twice the mass of car Y.
Which statement is correct?
(A) Car X has half the kinetic energy of car Y.
(B) Car X has one quarter of the kinetic energy of car V.
(C) Car X has twice the kinetic energy of car Y.
(D) The two cars have the same kinetic energy.
25. An electrical generator is started at time zero. The total energy transformed by the generator
during the first 5 seconds is as shown in the graph.

What is the maximum power generated at any instant during these first 5 seconds?
(A) 10 W (B) 13 W
(C) 30 W (D) 50 W
26. A small electric motor is used to raise a weight of 2.0 N through a vertical height of 80 cm in 4.0
s.
 The efficiency of the motor is 20%.
What is the electrical power supplied to the motor?
(A) 0.080 W (B) 0.80 W
(C) 2.0 W (D) 200 W
27. A spring of unextended length 0.50 m is stretched by a force of 2.0 N to a new length of 0.90 m.
The variation of its length with tension is as shown.

How much strain energy is stored in the spring?

(A) 0.40 J (B) 0.80 J
(C) 0.90 J (D) 1.8 J
28. A crate is pushed 10 m along a horizontal surface by a force of 30 N. The frictional force
opposing the motion is 60 N.
What are the correct values for the increase in internal energy of the system and the additional
kinetic energy of the crate?
Increase in internal Additional kinetic
energy/ J energy/ J
A 200 600
B 200 800
C 600 200
D 600 800
29. A speed-boat with two engines, each of power output 36 kW, can travel at a maximum speed of
12 ms-1. The total drag D on the total is related to the speed v of the boat by the equation shown.
2
D∝v
What is the maximum speed of the boat when only one engine is working?
(A) 3.0 ms-1 (B) 6.0 ms-1
(C) 8.5 ms-1 (D) 9.5 ms-1
30. The diagram shows a trolley being pulled from rest along a horizontal table by a falling mass.
The trolley mass is 1.5 kg and the falling mass is 0.50 kg. The mass falls through 1.0 m.
 What is the maximum kinetic energy of the trolley?
(A) 3.7 J (B) 4.9 J
(C) 15 J (D) 20 J
31. A stone of mass m moves radially away from earth. For a small distance x above the earth’s
surface. The variation with x of the stone’s gravitational potential energy EP is shown.

At point P, a distance d from Earth, the potential energy of the stone is E and the rate of chage
of potential energy with distance is R.
What is the force acting on the stone?
E mE
(A) (B)
d d
(C) mR (D) R
32. A bicycle dynamo is started at time zero. The total energy transformed by the dynamo during
the first 5 seconds increase as shown in the grapg.

What is the maximum power generated at any instant during these first 5 seconds?
(A) 0.10 W (B) 0.13 W
(C) 0.30 W (D) 0.50 W
33. A trolley runs from P to Q along a track. At Q, its potential energy is 50 kJ less than at P.
 At P, the kinetic energy of the trolley is 5 kJ. Between P and Q, the work the trolley does against
friction is 10 kJ.
What is the kinetic energy of the trolley at Q?
(A) 35 kJ (B) 45 kJ
(C) 55 kJ (D) 65 kJ
34. A weight W hangs from a trolley that runs along a rail. The trolley moves horizontally through
a distance p and simultaneously raises the weight through a height q.

As a result, the weight moves through a distance r from X to Y. It starts and finishes at rest.
How much work is done on the weight during this process?
(A) Wp (B) W (P + q)
(C) Wq (D) Wr
35. The top end of a spring is attached to a fixed point and a mass of 4.2 kg is attached to its lower
end. The mass is released and after bouncing up and down several times it comes to rest at a
distance 0.29 m below its starting point.
Which row gives the gain in the gravitational potential energy of the mass Ep and the gain in the
elastic potential energy of the spring Es?
EP/ J ES/ J
A -12 -12
B -12 +6
C +12 -12
D +12 +6
36. A steel ball is falling at constant speed in oil.
Which graph shows the variation with time of the gravitational potential energy Ep and the
kinetic energy Ek of the ball?
37. The diagram shows a wheel of circumference 0.30m. A rope is fastened at one end to a force
meter (spring balance). The rope passes over the wheel and supports a freely hanging load of
100 N. The wheel is driven by an electric motor at a constant rate of 50 revolutions per second.
When the wheel is turning at this rate, of 50 revolutions per second. When the wheel is turning
at this rate, the force meter reads 20 N.

What is the output power of the motor?

(A) 0.3 kW (B) 1.2 kW
(C) 1.5 kW (D) 1.8 kW
38. A wire is stretched elastically by a force of 200 N, causing an extension of 4.00 mm. the force is
then steadily increased to 250 N. The wire still behaves elastically.
How much extra work is done in producing the additional extension?
(A) 0.225 J (B) 0.250 J
(C) 225 J (D) 250 J
39. Which row in the table gives the gravitational potential energy, the elastic potential energy and
the kinetic energy of a bungee jumper during the first fall? Air resistance is negligible.
Gravitational potential Elastic potential Kinetic energy/ kJ
energy/ kJ energy/ kJ
A Top 120 0 0
middle 60 10 50
bottom 0 120 0
B Top 120 0 0
middle 60 30 30
bottom 0 60 60
C Top 120 0 0
middle 60 30 60
bottom 0 120 0
D Top 120 0 0
middle 60 60 0
bottom 0 120 0
40. A railway locomotive pulling a train delivers a constant power of 2.0 x 106 W to the wheels. The
resistive forces are constant at all speeds. The maximum speed that the train can achieve on a
level track is 40 ms-1.
What is the resultant force accelerating the train when it is travelling at 10 ms -1?
 (A) 5.0 x 104 N (B) 1.5 x 105 N
5
(C) 2.0 x 10 N (D) 2.5 x 105 N
41. A stone of weight 4.0 N in the Earth’s gravitational field is moved from P to Q and then to R
along the path shown.

How much potential energy does the stone gain?

(A) 120 J (B) 200 J
(C) 280 J (D) 1200 J
42. The diagram shows an arrangement used to find the output power of an electric motor. The
wheel attached to the motor’s axle has a circumference of 0.5 m and the belt which passes over
it is stationary when the weights have the value shown.

If the wheel is making 20 revolutions per second, what is the output power?
(A) 300 W (B) 500 W
(C) 600 W (D) 700 W
43. A driving force of 200 N is needed for a car of mass 800 kg to travel along a level road at a speed
of 20 ms-1.
What power is required to maintain the car at this speed up a gradient in which the car rises l m
for each 8 m of travel along the road?
(A) 6.0 kW (B) 7.2 kW
(C) 20 kW (D) 24 kW
44. A ball of mass m falls freely from rest. When it has reached a speed v, it strikes a vertical
spring. The spring is compressed by a distance y before the ball moves upwards again.
 Assume that all the energy the ball loses becomes elastic potential energy in the spring. What is
the average force exerted by the spring during its compression?
2
mv m 2
(A) (B) (v −2 gy )
2y 2y
2
mv m 2
(C) (D) (v +2 gy)
y 2y
45. A vehicle starts from rest and accelerates uniformly.
Which graph shows how the power output of the vehicle varies with distance travelled?

46. A small positively-charged particle P is balanced halfway between two horizontal plates when a
potential difference V is applied between the plates.

Where V is increased P rises towards the upper plate.

When V is decreases, P falls towards the lower plate.
Which statement is correct?
(A) Decreasing V decreases both the electric and the gravitational potential energy of the particle.
(B) Decreasing V increases the electric potential energy and decreases the gravitational potential
energy of the particle.
(C) Increasing V increases both the electric and the gravitational potential energy of the particle.
(D) The change of electric potential energy of the particle must equal the change of gravitational
potential energy of the particle.
47. A bungee jumper has 24 kJ of gravitational potential energy at the top of the jump. He is
attached to an elastic rope which starts to stretch after a short time of free fall. The values of
gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy and kinetic energy are given for the top
and the bottom of the jump.
Gravitational Elastic potential Kinetic energy/
potential energy/ kJ energy/ kJ kJ
 Top 24 0 0
bottom 0 24 0
Which row of the table below shows possible values of these three energies when the jumper is
half-way down? Losses of energy through air resistance are negligible.
Gravitational Elastic Kinetic energy/
potential energy/ kJ potential kJ
energy/ kJ
A 12 10 2
B 12 8 4
C 8 8 8
D 12 2 10
48. A square loop of wire is placed in a region of uniform magnetic field. The direction of the field is
perpendicular to the plane of the loop wire.

The loop is pulled out of the field at a uniform speed V, during this operation, the loop remains
in the same plane.
Which graph shows how the total work W done in pulling the loop out of the field depends on
the speed v?