भारतीय मानक IS 1206 (Part 3) : 2021

Indian Standard

टार और बिटुमन सामग्रियों के लिए

परीक्षण पद्धतियाँ — विस्कासिता ज्ञात करना
भाग 3 काइनेमेटिक विस्कासिता
( दसू रा पनु रीक्षण )

Methods for Testing Tar and

Bituminous Materials —
Determination of Viscosity
Part 3 Kinematic Viscosity

( Second Revision )

ICS 75.140

© BIS 2021

भारतीय मानक ब्रयू ो

B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S TA N D A R D S
मानक भवन, 9 बहादरु शाह ज़फर मार्ग, नई िदल्ली – 110002
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI-110002
         www.bis.gov.in  
www.standardsbis.in

December 2021  Price Group 4

Bitumen, Tar and Related Products Sectional Committee, PCD 06

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards after the draft finalized
by the Bitumen, Tar and Related Products Sectional Committee, had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and
Related Product Division Council.
This standard was originally published in 1958 as ‘Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials —
Determination of viscosity — Kinematic viscosity’ and subsequently revised in 1978. ‘Methods for testing tar
and bituminous materials’ was originally published as series of 22 standards in the form of a booklet, as listed
below:
IS No. Title

1201 : 2004 Sampling

1202 : 1978 Determination of specific gravity
1203 : 1978 Determination of penetration
1204 : 1978 Determination of residue of specified penetration
1205 : 1978 Determination of softening point
1206 (Part 1) : 1978 Determination of viscosity: Part 1 Industrial viscosity
1206 (Part 2) : 1978 Determination of viscosity: Part 2 Absolute viscosity
1206 (Part 3) : 1978 Determination of viscosity: Part 3 Kinematic viscosity
1207 : 1978 Determination of equiviscous temperature (EVT)
1208 : 1978 Determination of ductility
1209 : 1978 Determination of flash point and fire point
1210 : 1978 Float test
1211 : 1978 Determination of water content dean and stark method
1212 : 1978 Determination of loss on heating
1213 : 1978 Distillation test
1214 : 1978 Determination of matter insoluble in benzene (WITHDRAWN due to toxic
nature of benzene)
1215 : 1978 Determination of matter insoluble in toluene
1216 : 1978 Determination of solubility in carbon disulphide trichloroethylene
1217 : 1978 Determination of mineral matter ash
1218 : 1978 Determination of phenols
1219 : 1978 Determination of naphthalene
1220 : 1978 Determination of volatile matter content

However, the Committee responsible for the formulation of standards in the field of bitumen, tar and related
products decided to publish these Indian standards separately for each test so as to make it user friendly.
Accordingly, second revision of the standard, has been taken up to formulate individual standard on determination
of Kinematic Viscosity. In this second revision of the standard use of suitable thermometers has been permitted
in the place of mercury in glass type thermometer mentioned in the earlier version of the standard. The terms
Viscosity, Coefficient of Viscosity and Kinematic viscosity have been redefined.
The Composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given at Annex A.
In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or
calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical
values ( revised )’.
 IS 1206 (Part 3) : 2021

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR TESTING TAR AND BITUMINOUS
MATERIALS — DETERMINATION OF VISCOSITY
PART 3 KINEMATIC VISCOSITY

( Second Revision )

1 SCOPE 3.2 Density — It is mass per unit volume, the CGS unit
of density is g/cm3 and the SI unit of density is kg/m3.
This standard (Part 3) covers the method for the
determination of kinematic viscosity of paving grade 3.3 Kinematic Viscosity of a Newtonian Liquid —
and cut-back bitumen and distillation residues of The ratio of the viscosity to the density of a liquid. It
cut-backs. It is applicable to the materials having a is a measure of the resistance to flow of a liquid under
viscosity range of 30-100 000 cSt. gravity.
2 REFERENCES 3.4 Newtonian Liquid — A liquid in which the shear
stress is directly proportional to the rate of shear. The
The following standards contain provisions, which
constant ratio of shear stress to the rate of shear is called
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
the coefficient viscosity of the liquid. If this ratio is not
of this draft standard. At the time of publication, the
constant then the liquid is non-Newtonian.
editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject
to revision and parties to agreements based on this 4 APPARATUS
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the standards 4.1 Viscometers — The capillary type of viscometer
indicated below: of borosilicate glass annealed suitable for the test are as
given in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
IS No. Title
4.1.1 Cannon-Fenske Viscometer for Opaque
334 : 2002 Glossary of terms relating to bitumen Liquids — Detailed drawings of the reverse-flow
and tar (third revision) Cannon-Fenske viscometer is given in Fig. 1. The size,
dimensions, approximate constant. kinematic viscosity
3 TERMINOLOGY range, capillary diameter and bulb volumes shall be as
given in Table 1.
For the purpose of this standard the following definitions
and those given in IS 334 shall apply. 4.1.2 BS U Tube Modified Reverse Flow
Viscometer — The viscometer shall be made of clear
3.1 Viscosity of a Newtonian Liquid — The ratio
borosilicate or other heat resistant glass free from visible
between the applied shear stress and rate of shear is
defects. All glass tubing used in the construction of a
called the coefficient of viscosity. This coefficient is
single viscometer shall be of the same composition and
thus a measure of the resistance to flow of the liquid.
the finished instrument shall be thoroughly annealed.
It is commonly called the viscosity of the liquid.
The design and dimensions of the viscometer are given
The SI unit of viscosity is 1 Pa · s (1 N·s/m2) and is
in Fig. 2 and Table 2.
called a Pascal-second. The CGS unit of viscosity is
1 g/cm·s (1 dyne·s/cm2) and is called a poise (P). 1 Pa.s
is equivalent to 10 P.

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IS 1206 (Part 3) : 2021

All dimensions in millimetres

Fig. 1 Cannon-Fenske Opaque Viscometer for Opaque and Transparent Liquids

Table 1 Dimensions of Cannon-Fenske Opaque Viscometer for Opaque and Transparent Liquids
Size Approximate Kinematic Inside Dia of Inside Dia of Tube Volume Bulbs A Volume Bulbs
No. Constant Viscometer Tube
cSt/S RangecSt R mm (± 2%) N AND G Tubes E, C and J ml (± 5%) D ml (± 5%)
F & K mm (± 5%)
150 0.035 2.1 to 35 0.78 3.2 2.1 11
200 0.1 6 to 100 1.02 3.2 2.1 11
300 0.25 15 to 250 1.26 3.4 2.1 11
350 0.5 30 to 500 1.48 3.4 2.1 11
400 1.2 72 to 1 200 1.88 3.4 2.1 11
450 2.5 150 to 2 500 2.20 3.7 2.1 11
500 8 480 to 8 000 3.1 4.0 2.1 11
600 20 1 200 to 20 000 4.00 4.7 2.1 13

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 IS 1206 (Part 3) : 2021

All dimensions in millimetres

Fig. 2 BS/IP/RF U-Tube Reverse Flow Viscometer for Opaque Liquids

Table 2 Dimensions and Viscosity Ranges of BS U-Tube, Modified Reverse Flow

Viscometer for Opaque Liquid
( Clause 4.1.2 )
Size Approximate Viscosity Range. Inside Dia Of Length Of The Inside Dia at E.F Bulb C ml
No. Constant. Tube R mm Tube R and G
cST/s CST (+ 2%) mm mm (± 5%)
4 0.1 6-100 1.26 185 3.0-3.3 4.0
5 0.3 18-300 1.64 185 3.0-3.3 4.0
6 1.0 60-1 000 2.24 185 3.0-3.3 4.0
7 3.0 180-3 000 2.93 185 3.3-3.6 4.0
8 10 600-10 000 4.00 185 4.4-4.8 4.0
9 30 1 800-30 000 5.5 185 6.0-6.7 4.0
10 100 6 000-100 000 7.70 210 7.7 4.0
11 300 18 000-300 000 10.00 210 10.00 4.0

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IS 1206 (Part 3) : 2021

4.2 Bath — A suitable bath for immersion of the 6 PREPARATION OF SAMPLE

viscometer so that the liquid reservoir or top of the
capillary whichever it; uppermost is at least 20 mm below 6.1 Procedure for Cut-Back Bitumen and Oil
the upper bath level. Provision shall be there for visibility Distillates
of the viscometer and the thermometer. The efficiency Open the sample container and mix the sample
of the stirring and the balance between heat losses and thoroughly by stirring for 30 s taking care to avoid
heat input shall be such that the temperature of the bath entrapped air. For too viscous samples, heat the sealed
medium is maintained at ± 0.1 °C over the entire length container in a bath or oven maintained at about 60 °C.
of the viscometer. Pour immediately 20 ml into a clean dry container
having a capacity of about 30 ml and seal the container
4.3 Thermometers — The thermometer shall be with
immediately.
least count reading of 0.1 °C and shall be calibrated from
competent agency. 6.2 Procedure for Bitumen-Heat the sample to a
temperature not more than 60 °C for tars and pitches
4.4 Timing Device — Any timing device, such as
and not more than 90 °C for bitumen above the
stop-watch or stop clock capable of being read up to 0.5 s.
corresponding approximate softening point temperature
5 CALIBRATION OF VISCOMETER respectively until it attains pouring consistency. Stir it
thoroughly and transfer approximately 20 ml in a 30 ml
5.1 Reference Material container. Local over-heating and entrapped air should
be avoided.
Viscosity standard (Certified Viscosity reference
standard) may be used for calibration purposes. 7 PROCEDURE
5.2 Calibration
7.1 Procedure for Cannon-Fenske Viscometer
Charge the clean dry viscometer by pouring the reference
material. Place the charged viscometer in the viscometer 7.1.1 To charge the Carmon-Fenske viscometer
bath maintained at calibration temperature within ± 0.1 °C. invert the viscometer and apply suction to the tube L,
Allow the charged viscometer to remain in the bath for immersing tube N in the liquid sample. Draw liquid
30 m to reach the test temperature. Measure to within through tube N filling bulbs D to fill mark G, wipe
0.1 s the time required for the leading edge of the excess sample off tube N and invert the viscometer to
meniscus to pass from the first timing mark to the second. its normal position. Align the viscometer vertically in
the bath. Visual observation is sufficient. However, it
Calculate the viscometer constant C, as follows:
can be done more accurately and quickly by suspending
C=V/t a plumb bulb in the tube L. Allow the viscometer to
where remain in the constant temperature bath for a sufficient
time to ensure that the sample reaches temperature
V = viscosity in centistokes for the standard liquid, equilibrium. Allow the viscometer to remain in the
and constant temperature bath a sufficient time to ensure
t = efflux time, in seconds. that the sample reaches temperature equilibrium
(10 min minimum and 30 min maximum). When the
5.2.1 The duplicate determination of calibration constant
test temperature is reached, remove the stopper in the
K for each bulb shall be within 2 percent of the mean
tubes N and L respectively and allow the sample to
value. The value of Viscometer constants shall be
flow by gravity. Measure to the nearest 0.1 s the time
expressed to the nearest 0.1 percent.
required for the leading edge of the meniscus to pass
5.3 If the viscometer is used at a location other than the from timing mark E to timing mark F. If this efflux time
calibrating laboratory the constant C should be corrected is less than 60 s, select a viscometer of smaller capillary
for the difference in the acceleration of gravity “g” at the diameter and repeat the operation.
two locations as follows:
7.1.2 Upon completion of the test, clean the viscometer
C2 = g2/g1 × C1 thoroughly by several rinsing with an appropriate
where solvent completely miscible with the sample, followed
by a completely volatile solvent. Dry the tube by passing
C2= calibration constant in the testing laboratory,
a slow stream of filtered dried air through the capillary
C1= calibration constant in the calibration for 2 min or until last trace of solvent is removed.
laboratory,
g2= acceleration of gravity at the testing laboratory, 7.2 Procedure for BS U-Tube Modified Reverse
and Flow Viscometer
g1 = acceleration of gravity at the calibration 7.2.1 Mount the BS U-tube viscometer in the constant
laboratory. temperature bath keeping tube L vertical. Pour sample

4
 IS 1206 (Part 3) : 2021

through tube N to a point just above filling mark G, 8 CALCULATION

allow the sample to flow freely through capillary R,
Calculate the kinematic viscosity up to three significant
taking care that the liquid column remains unbroken
figures with the help of following equation:
until the lower mark H and then arrest its flow by
closing the timing tube with a cork or rubber stopper in Kinematic viscosity cSt = Ct
tube L. Add more liquid, if necessary to bring the upper where
meniscus slightly above mark G. After allowing the
C = calibration constant of the viscometer, in
sample to attain bath temperature and any air bubble to
centistokes per second, and
rise to the surface (usually about 20-30 min is required),
gently loosen the stopper allowing the sample to flow t = efflux time, in seconds.
until it is approximately at the lower filling mark H
and press back the stopper to arrest flow. Remove the 9 REPORT
excess sample above filling mark G by inserting the Report always the test temperature along with the
special pipette until its cork rests on top of the tube N results as follows:
and apply gentle suction until air is drawn through. The
Kinematic Viscosity at 135 °C = X,
upper meniscus shall coincide with mark G. Allow the
viscometer to remain in the constant temperature bath where X = C.t
for a sufficient time to ensure that the sample reaches C = calibration factor
temperature equilibrium. It takes about 20 min at t = time
38 °C, 25 min at 100 °C and 30 min at 135 °C. Remove
the stopper in the tube N and L respectively and allow 1mm2s-1 = 1cSt.
the sample to flow by gravity. Measure to the nearest
10 PRECISION
0.1 s the time required for the leading edge of the
meniscus to pass from timing mark E to timing mark F. The duplicate test results should not differ by more than
If this efflux time is less than 60 s select a viscometer the values given in Table 3.
of smaller capillary diameter and repeat the operation.
10.1 Repeatability — The closeness of agreement
7.2.2 Upon completion of the test, remove the viscometer between independent results obtained with the same
from the bath and place it in an inverted position method on identical test material, under the same
in an oven maintained at 135 ± 5 °C until asphalt is conditions (same operator, same apparatus, same
drained off thoroughly from the viscometer. Clean the laboratory and after short intervals of time).
viscometer thoroughly by rinsing several times with an
appropriate solvent completely. Dry the tube by passing 10.2 Reproducibility — The closeness of agreement
a slow stream of filtered dry air through the capillary for between independent results obtained with the same
2 minutes. Periodically clean the instrument with method on identical test material but under different
chromic acid to remove organic deposits. Rinse conditions (different operators, different apparatus,
thoroughly with distilled water and acetone and dry different laboratories and/or after different intervals
with clean air. of time).

Table 3 Precision of Test Results

( Clause 10 )
Sl No. Material Repeatability Reproducibility
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Percent of Mean Percent of Mean
i. Bitumen at 135 °C 1.8 8.8
ii. Cut back bitumen at 60 °C
a) Below 3 000 cSt 1.5 3
b) 3 000 to 6 000 cSt 2.0 9.9
c) Above 6 000 cSt 8.9 10.0

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IS 1206 (Part 3) : 2021

ANNEX A
( Foreword )

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Bitumen,Tar and Related Products Sectional Committee, PCD 06

Organization Representative(s)

CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Prof Satish Chandra (Chairman)
Airports Authority of India, New Delhi Shri Suprio Gosh
Shri Vinod Kumar Sharma (Alternate)
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, R & D Ms Sonal Maheshwari
Centre,Noida
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Mumbai Shri C. Shanmuganathan
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Kochi Shri Adalazhagan K.
Refinery
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Shri Sridhar Raju
CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee Ms Rajani Lakhani
CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Dr Ambica Behl
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Shashi D. Baruah
Jorhat Dr B. P. Baruah (Alternate)
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi Shri Divakar Agrawal
Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, Chennai Shri H. Ramakrishnan
Dr V. Selvavathi (Alternate)
Dilip Buildcon Limited, Bhopal Shri B. B. Kameswara Rao
Shri Anush K. C. (Alternate)
Directorate General Border Roads, New Delhi Shri Umakant Kumar
Shri Ashok Kumar (Alternate)
Directorate General of Quality Assurance, Ministry of Shri Vivekanand
Defence, New Delhi Shri Anil Kumbhare (Alternate I)
Shri Sachin Vinayak Zope (Alternate II)
Engineer in Chief Branch, New Delhi Shri O. P. Srivatava
Shri R. Jayaprasad (Alternate)
G R Infra-Projects Limited, Gurugram Shri U. C. Gupta
GP Global Asphalt Private Limited, New Delhi Shri Rajesh Kumar Jain
Highways Research Station, Chennai Shri T. S. Sundar
Shri R. Geetha (Alternate)
Hindalco Industries Limited, Mumbai Shri Harshad Kumar Pandit
Hindustan Colas Private Limited, Mumbai Shri K. G. Ranganatha
Shri T. K. Subhaash (Alternate)
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited Shri B. Ravi
(HP Green R & D Center), Bengaluru Shri K. R. Krishna (Alternate )
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, Mumbai Shri Santosh Dhaku Bhogale
Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun Shri Manoj Srivastava
Dr Kamal Kumar (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai Dr Dharamveer Singh
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi Dr Aravind Swamy

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 IS 1206 (Part 3) : 2021

Organization Representative(s)

Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai Dr J. Murali Krishnan

Dr A. Veeraraghavan (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee Shri Sham Sundar Ravindranath
Indian Oil Corporation (R & D Centre), Faridabad Shri Dhanesh Kumar
Dr I. Devotta (Alternate)
Indian Oil Corporation Limited-Refineries and Shri S. B. Lahkar
Pipelines Division, New Delhi Shri K. Medhi (Alternate I)
Ms K. Geethashree (Alternate II)
Indian Oil Corporation Limited, New Delhi Shri N. S. Raman
Indian Road Congress, New Delhi Shri S. K. Nirmal
Shri R. V. Patil (Alternate)
Indian Oil Total Private Limited, Mumbai Shri Gaurav Gogne
Dr Pankaj Kumar Jain (Alternate)
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Shri Varun Aggarwal
New Delhi Shri Sanjeev Kumar (Alternate)
National Rural Roads Development Agency, Shri B. C. Pradhan
New Delhi
National Test House, Kolkata Shri Vinay kumar
Nayara Energy Limited, Mumbai Shri Dhiraj Gondalia
Shri Mriganka Tarafdar (Alternate)
Om Infracon Private Limited, Guwahati Shri A. N. Das
Shri Manish Bajaj (Alternate I)
Shri Digambar Deka (Alternate II)
Ooms Polymer Modified Bitumen Private Limited, Shri B. R. Tyagi
Gurugram Shri Palash Kathal (Alternate)
Shell Bitumen India Private Limited, Gurugram Shri Nilanjan Sarker
Zydex Industries Limited Shri Vishal Saluja
Shri Himanshu Agarwal (Alternate I)
Shri Ajay Ranka (Alternate II)
In Personal Capacity Dr P. S. Kandhal
BIS Directorate General Shrimati Nagamani. T, Scientist ‘E’ and Head (PCD)
[ Representing Director General ( Ex-officio ) ]

Member Secretary
Shrimati D. Uma
Scientist ‘D’ (PCD), BIS

7
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This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: PCD 06 (16312).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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