कें द्रीय भूमि जल बोर्ड

जल संसाधन, नदी मिकास और गंगा संरक्षण

मिभाग, जल शमि िंत्रालय
भारत सरकार
Central Ground Water Board
Department of Water Resources, River
Development and Ganga Rejuvenation,
Ministry of Jal Shakti
Government of India

AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT

OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES
HARDA DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH

उत्तर मध्य क्षेत्र, भोपाल

North Central Region, Bhopal
 Central Ground Water Board
Department of Water Resources, RD& GR
Ministry of Jal Shakti
Government of India

Aquifer Mapping and Ground Water Management Plan of

Harda District, Madhya Pradesh

By
G.Vengatajalapathi
Assistant Hydrogeologist

SOUTH EASTERN COASTAL REGION

CHENNAI
2022-2023
1. Introduction
a. Objective/Scope of Study
b. Approach/ Methodology
c. Study area
d. Climate and rainfall
e. Physiography / Soil
f. Drainage
g. Land use pattern
h. Cropping pattern
i. Geology
2. Data Collection and Generation
a. Hydrogeology
b. Hydrochemistry
c. Geophysical
d. Ground Water Exploration and Aquifer parameters
3. Data Interpretation, Integration and Aquifer Mapping
a. Hydro-chemical data interpretation
b. Aquifer Disposition – 2D (maps) / 3D (Fence/ Rockworks)
4. Ground Water Resources
a. Dynamic
b. In storage
5. Ground Water Related Issues
a. Ground Water Decline
b. Ground Water Contamination
6. Ground Water Management Strategies and Aquifer Management Plan
7. Conclusion and Recommendation
LIST OF TABLES

1. District at A Glance
2. Administrative Divisions
3. Rainfall data of Harda District (Source: IMD)
4. Landuse Classification in Harda district
5. Land use pattern in Harda District
6. Crop-wise Irrigation Status in Harda
7. Pre-monsoon Depth to Water Level in Harda District
8. Post-monsoon Depth to Water Level in Harda District
9. Salient Hydrogeological Details of Exploratory Wells of Harda District
10. Dynamic Ground Water Resources (2022)
11. Ground Water Resources (Outcome of NAQUIM)
12. Ground Water Management–Supply Side, Harda District, Madhya Pradesh
13. Financial Outlay Plan-Supply Side Management, Harda District, MadhyaPradesh
14. Post-Intervention Impact, Harda District, Madhya Pradesh (inMCM)
15. Block wise Management Plan
16. Block wise Proposed AR Structure and Cost Estimation
17. Block wise Proposed ARS Locations

LIST OF FIGURES

1. Aquifer mapping approach and methodology

2. Location map
3. Administrative Map
4. Digital Elevation Model
5. Physiographic Map
6. Soil Map
7. Drainage Map
8. Land Use Land Cover Map
9. Geology Map
10. Hydrogeology Map
11. Pre-monsoon Depth to Water level map
12. Post monsoon Depth to Water level map
13. Water Quality - Piper Diagram,
14. Water Quality – US Salinity diagram
15. Location of Exploration Wells and Proposed VES and EW locations
16. 3D Aquifer model – Rockworks
17. 2D Aquifer disposition – Fence diagram
18. 2D Aquifer disposition – X-section
19. Hydrographs
20. Aquifer Management Plan map – area feasible for abstraction, area feasible for
artificial recharge structures
 PREFACE

‘Aquifer mapping’ is a holistic approach for aquifer-based groundwater management.

It may not be construed as aquifer geometry mapping only. In a broader perspective it can be
defined as understanding the aquifers, ascertaining and establishing their quantity and quality
sustainability through multi-disciplinary scientific approach integrating the techniques of
geology, remote sensing, hydrogeology, geophysics, borehole drilling, hydrochemistry,
hydrology, hydrometeorology, mathematical modelling, agriculture and soil science, water
treatment and remediation, economics and social and environmental sciences.
Under the project on National Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM to formulate sustainable
aquifer management plan, Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), North Central Region,
Bhopal has taken up Harda district to prepare the 3-Dimensional Model and 2-Dimensional
Aquifer Maps for the entire district and formulate Block-wise Aquifer Management Plan.
Harda district occupies an area of 3330 Sq.km out of which the ground water recharge
worthy area is 2700 sq. km. and the rest is covered by hilly and forest area. The major rivers
flowing through the area includes the Narmada and Its tributaries. The major part of the
district is covered by the Basalt, Granite and Alluvium. Based on the 4 exploratory / PZ bore
wells drilled by CGWB, NCR under its exploratory program, it has been observed that the
yield varies from meger to 2 lps. There are two aquifer zone demarcated in the Harda District.
The ground water occurs under unconfined condition and semi confined to confined
condition. About 50 % of monitoring wells recorded water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl
category, spreading in patches and major pockets in the north-western and eastern part of
area. About 30% of monitoring wells recorded water level in the depth range of 10-20 m bgl
occurring in broad patches all over the region. Deeper ground water levels ranging >20 m bgl
constituting only about 4% of wells in this category, Long term water level trend show
declining trend.
As per the Management plan prepared under NAQUIM of all the Block of Harda
District, a total number of 212 Percolation Tanks, 741 Recharge Shafts/Tube wells and 847
Nala Bunds/Check Dams and 213 Village pond / Cement Plugs have been proposed and these
structures can recharge 159 MCM.

Results of these comprehensive studies will contribute significantly to ground water

sustainable management tools. It will not only enhance the long-term aquifer monitoring
networks and but would also help in building the conceptual and quantitative regional
ground-water-flow models for planners, policy makers and other stakeholders.
I would like to place on record my appreciation for G.Vengatajalapathi, Assistant
Hydrogeologist to compile this report. I fondly hope that this report will serve as a valuable
guide for sustainable development of ground water in the Harda District, Madhya Pradesh.
1. Introduction

Groundwater is of paramount importance for an agriculture-based country like India.

Being a predominant asset, the use of groundwater, primarily for irrigation and for various
development activities over the years, has adversely affected the ground water regime in
many parts of the country. This has in turn led to an emergent need for comprehensive and
realistic information pertaining to various aspects of groundwater resources available in
different hydro-geological settings through a process of systematic data collection,
compilation, data generation, analysis and synthesis, which together brings in the concept of
an Aquifer Mapping and Management Plan.

a. Objective/Scope of Study

The primary objective of Aquifer Mapping can be specified as “Know your Aquifer,
Manage your Aquifer”. Systematic mapping of an aquifer incorporates activities such as
collection and compilation of available information on aquifer systems, demarcation of their
extents and their characterization, analysis of data gaps, generation of additional data for
filling the identified data gaps and finally, preparation of aquifer maps at the desired scale.

The two major objectives of the aquifer mapping are the delineation of lateral and
vertical disposition of aquifers and their characterization at 1: 50,000 scale in general and
further detailing up to 1: 10,000 scale in identified priority areas and the quantification of
ground water availability and assessment of its quality to formulate aquifer management
plans to facilitate sustainable management of ground water resources at appropriate scales
through participatory management approach with active involvement of stakeholders.

b. Approach/ Methodology

The aquifer mapping study in this report has been compiled on the basis of existing
data that were assembled, analyzed and interpreted from available sources. The collected data
was further prepared to generate regional hydro-geological maps, thematic maps, water
quality maps, cross-sections, 2-D and 3-D aquifer dispositions and potentiometric maps
eventually to define the aquifer geometry, type of aquifers, ground water regime behavior,
hydraulic characteristics and geochemistry of multi-layered aquifer systems on 1:50000 scale.
To achieve the objectives, the following approach and methods have been adopted and
stepwise details have been shown in the Fig 1.
  Data compilation
 Data gap analysis
 Data generation
 Preparation of block-wise aquifer maps and management plan

Figure 1: Aquifer mapping approach and methodology

c. Study area

The area of Harda district is 3330 Sq. Km. Harda district lies between north latitudes
210 54’ and 220 36’ and east longitudes 760 46’ and 770 30’ in parts of Survey of India
toposheet No’s, 55 B & F. Harda district has predominantly an agricultural based economy. It
is situated in the eastern part of Madhya Pradesh. Prior to 1998-99 District Harda was a part
of Hoshangabad District. Harda District was created in 6th July 1998, when it was divided
from Hoshangabad District. After the division of the district, the district is bounded by Dewas
and Sehore districts in the North, Hoshangabad district in the North east Betul in the south
and Khandwa district in the west and south. In Harda district, there are three main rivers
namely the Narmada, Ganjaal& the Maachak. Harda is the district headquarters and Khirkiya
and Timarni are some of the major towns. Harda lies on Delhi-Mumbai and Kolkata-Mumbai
railway routes. State Highway No. 15, linking Bhopal to Khandwa and National Highway
No.59 A, linking Indore to Betul, pass through the district. The villages in the district are
approachable by fair weather motorable tract. The district is divided into Six Tehsils such as
Harda, Handia, Timarni, Rehatgaon, Khirkiya, Sirali and three development Blocks, namely
Harda, Timarni and Khirkiya Blocks, A detailed location map of the study area is shown in
the Fig 2.

Figure 2: Location map of Harda district

 Table-1: DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

S.No Items Statistics

1 General Information
i) Geographical Area 3330 Sq.Km
District Head Quarter Harda
ii) Administrative Division
Number of Tehsil/Block 6 Tehsil / 3 Block
Number of Villages 571
Population (As per census 2011) 5,70,465
Normal Annual Rainfall (mm) 1374.0
2. Geomorphology
1. Major Physiographic Units : 1. Satpura range and extension of
Malwa Plateau in the south
2. Ridges (equivalent to Aravalli)
3. Alluvial plain in the north-east
and central part
2. Major Drainage : Narmada river and its tributaries,
Namely Ganjal river, Ajnal river,
Sukni nadi, Midkul nadi, Dedra
nadi, Machak nadi, Syani nadi and
Kalimachak river.
3. Land use in ha
a) Forest Area 104.8
b) Net area sown 180.6
c) Cultivable area 182.2
4. Major Soil Types Black soils and ferruginous red
lateritic soils, Sandy clay loam,
sandy loam and clay loam
5. Area Under Principal Crops Moong Dal, Soya, Wheat, Gram,
Pulses, maize
6. Irrigation By Different Sources
Structures Nos. Area (ha)
Dug Wells 8140 30.7
Tube wells/Bore wells 1894 14.2
Tanks/Ponds 1 01.0
Canals 1 79.5
Other sources 12 16.9
Net irrigated Area - 141.4
Gross Irrigated Area - 141.4
7. Number of Ground Water Monitoring
Wells of CGWB Dug Wells 12
No. of Piezometers 2
Administrative Details
The Harda district has been divided into 3 Blocks. There are 527 villages in the
district. Total population of the district is 5, 70,465 (2011 Census). Detailed administrative
divisions of the district are given in Table-1 & 2 and Fig.3

Figure 3: Administrative Map

Table 1: Administrative Divisions

Areal extent (in Sq. Km)

Recharge
Name of
worthy
Assessment Total
area in Command Non
Unit (Block) Geographical Hilly Area
Sq.Km Area command
Area
Harda 91650 105000 13350 45650 46000
Khirkia 79440 124000 44560 0 79440

Timarni 99000 104000 5000 33500 65500

Total 270090 333000 62910 79150 190940

 d. Climate and rainfall

The climate of Harda district is characterized by a hot summer and general dryness
except during the south west monsoon season. The year may be divided into four seasons.
The cold season, December to February is followed by the hot season from March to about
the middle of June. The period from the middle of June to September is the southwest
monsoon season. October and November form the post monsoon period.
The normal rainfall of Harda district is 1374.5 mm. It receives maximum rainfall during
southwest monsoon period. About 90.5% of the annual rainfall is received during monsoon
season and only 9.5 % of the annual rainfall takes place during October to May period. The
surplus water for groundwater recharge is available only during the southwest monsoon
period.
The normal maximum temperature occurs during the month of May i.e. 42.1oC and minimum
during the month of January i.e. 11.7oC. The normal annual mean maximum and minimum
temperature of Harda district is 32.8oC and 19.8oC respectively. During the southwest
monsoon season the relative humidity generally exceeds 91% (August month). Rest of the
year is drier. The driest part of the year is the summer season, when relative humidity is less
than 33%. April is the driest month of the year. The wind velocity is higher during the pre-
monsoon period as compared to post monsoon period. The maximum wind velocity 7.7
km/hr is observed during the month of June and minimum 2.9 km/hr during the month of
December. The average normal annual wind velocity of Harda district is 5.0 km/hr., Monthly
rainfall is shown in Table 3.

Table 2: Rainfall data of Harda District (Source: IMD)

YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL

2016 2.6 0 1.1 0 4.3 140.5 356.1 392.7 53 45.8 0 0 996.1

2017 0 6 0 0 0 95.8 301.1 111.1 152 9.9 0 0 675.9

2018 0 3.9 0 0 0 120.7 269.1 316.9 63.5 7.1 0 0 781.2

2019 0 10.5 13.2 0.5 0 42.4 446.3 410.3 692.6 67.8 26.7 7.4 1717.7

2020 1.4 1 13 1.6 1.9 233.1 203.3 623.8 99.6 14.1 0 10 1202.8

e. Physiography/ DEM

Physiographically, the district can be divided in three major divisions: -

1. Satpura range and extension of Malwa Plateau in the south,
 2. Ridges (equivalent to Aravalli Hills) in the north-west,
3. Alluvial plain in the north-east and central part

The district is bounded by Satpura ranges in south and by Narmada River in the north.
The area slopes North West towards the Narmada River. The slope is generally steep at the
foothills of Satpura but moderate to gentle towards Narmada River. The land surface attains a
maximum altitude of 734 m above mean sea level at Kaoti (770 19’30”: 22003’00”), and
minimum altitude of 240 m above mean sea level at confluence of Machak river with the
Narmada (76046’50”: 22019’00”). A large number of north westerly flowing tributaries
originating from the Satpura join the Narmada River along the left bank. The area is mainly
drained by Narmada River and its tributaries - namely GanjalRiver, AjnalRiver, Sukninadi,
Midkulnadi, Dedranadi, Machaknadi, Syaninadi and KalimachakRiver. The DEM and
Physiographic Map are shown in Fig.4 and 5 respectively.

Figure 4: Digital Elevation Model

 Figure 5: Physiographic Map

f. Soil

The nature & Characteristics of soils is dependent primarily on Relief of the area which
influences the variation in soil formation. The soils of Harda district are classified on medium
black soils under the broad classification of soil of India & are low fertility soils. There are
alluvial deposits constituting gravel sand; silt or clay sized unconsolidated alluvium found
along the narrow strips of rivers. A map showing Soil types is presented in the Fig.6
 Figure.6: Soil Map

g. Drainage
The entire district is drained by Narmada River and its tributaries. Thus the area falls in
the Narmada Basin. The river Narmada flows along the northern boundary of the district. The
Ganjal River is the major tributary of the Narmada River and flows from south to north along
the western boundary of Harda district before merging into the Narmada River. The other
major tributary of the Narmada river draining the district are Ajnal river, Sukninadi,
Midkulnadi, Dedranadi, Machaknadi, Syaninadi and Kalimachak river. The drainage map is
shown in Fig.7
 Figure 6: Drainage Map

h. Land use pattern

Agriculture cropland and deciduous forest are the prominent land use aspects in the
district and forms 52 % and 35 % of total area respectively followed by the shrub land and
water bodies. The spatial distribution of land use is presented in Fig.8 and Table.4
Table 3: Landuse Classification in Harda district

Land use Classes Area in Sq.Km %

Built-up Land 6.57 0.20
Deciduous Broadleaf Forest 1189.19 35.70
Mixed Forests 10.29 0.31
Crop Land 1732.46 52.01
Fallow Land 226.90 6.81
Shrub land 93.44 2.81
Wasteland 1.70 0.05
Water Bodies 70.33 2.11
 Figure 7: Land Use Land Cover Map

i. Cropping pattern

District is very rich in the field of agriculture due to good sources of irrigation and
fertile alluvial and black cotton soil. Wheat and gram are the main crops grown during Rabi
season. Moong, Soyabean, Wheat, Mustard, Til and Groundnut are the main oilseeds
produced here. The farmers have started the production of Sunflowers. (Table 5&6)
 Table 4: Land use pattern in Harda District (Area in ha)

Land Barren and Current Other

under uncultivable fallows fallows
Misc. land
Name of
Land under tree
District
non- crops
Geographical Cultivable agricultural Permanent Cultivable and
area area Forest area use pastures wasteland grove
Harda 330.6 182.2 104.8 8.7 13.7 5.10 0.4 15.7 0.1 1.5

Table 5: Crop-wise Irrigation Status in Harda

Kharif Rabi Summer crop Total
Horticulture & Plantation (Area in Ha)
(Area in ha) (Area in ha) (Area in ha) (Area in ha)
Crop type Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total
0 9100 9100 139260 0 139260 0 0 0 139260 9100 148360
A)Cereals

B)Coarse Cereals 0 200 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 200

0 3350 3350 12168 28075 40243 27000 0 27000 12168 31425 43593
C)Pulses
D)Oil 0 165200 165200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165200 165200
seeds
0 330 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 330
E)Fiber

F) Any other
0 0 0 497 0 497 0 0 0 497 0 497
crops… 5840 1376 7216
0 178180 178180 151925 28075 180000 27000 0 27000 151925 206255 358180 5840 1376 7216
total
 j. Geology
The rocks occurring in the district range in age from Palaeo proterozoic to Quaternary.
About 40 % of the district, in the eastern, central and northern (adjoining the Narmada river)
part, is covered with alluvium, The Archaean Group of rocks, comprising granite, phyllite,
dolomite, quartzite, chert breccia etcis exposed in the north-western part and is faulted near the
Narmada River. Weathered and fractured Granite forms a potential aquifer in the area, Deccan
traps, which make for about 50% of the entire district, occur as lava flows in the western and
southern part of the district, the alluvial aquifer system in the district is highly potential. Two to
three granular zones and at places more number of potential granular zones comprising of fine to
medium to coarse grained sand, gravel and pebbles and Laterite are encountered in alluvium,
illustrated in Fig.9
2. Data Collection and Generation

The basic concept of aquifer mapping stands on these four major pillars. The aquifer
mapping and management plan of Harda district is broadly carried out in following steps:

a. Data compilation: The previous studies carried out by Central Ground Water Board and
various Government organizations were collected. The Basic data reports of exploratory
wells/Observation wells/ Piezometers drilled by CGWB, details of wells drilled by State Public
Health and Engineering Department (PHED) and district brochures published by CGWB was
compiled and integrated for aquifer mapping. The Dynamic Ground Water Resource (2020) of
CGWB and figures from the Water Resource Department were used for preparation of
management plan.

b. Data adequacy: The data compiled has been collected from the CGWB/ State
departments. Thus, the adequacy of the data is supposed to be high and reliable for the specific
study of aquifer mapping and management plan.

c. Data gap analysis: The identification of data gap was done after the detailed analysis,
examination, synthesis and interpretation from available sources. This process incorporated the
conversion of analog data in the form of digital data that could be processed readily on GIS
platform.

d. Data Generation: The study of Harda district concentrated on the existing data; thus, no
new data was generated The Data gap analysis for 16exploratory wellsand 50 VES proposed for
data generation.

a. Hydrogeology

Aquifer System and Aquifer Parameters

The rocks occurring in the district range in age from Palaeoproterozoic to Quaternary.
About 40 % of the district, in the eastern, central and northern (adjoining the Narmada river)
part, is covered with alluvium. Ground water occurs under phreatic as well as confined
conditions. The water bearing properties of different hydrogeological units occurring in Harda
District are described below. Hydrogeology of the district is shown in Fig.10
 Figure 8: Hydrogeology of Harda District, M.P

Archaeans and Metamorphic rocks equivalent to Aravallis

The Archaean Group of rocks, comprising granite, phyllite, dolomite, quartzite, chert
breccia etc is exposed in the north-western part and is faulted near the Narmada River.
Weathered and fractured Granite forms a potential aquifer in the area.
Deccan Trap
Deccan traps, which make for about 50% of the entire district, occur as lava flows in the
western and southern part of the district. The phreatic aquifer in weathered / vesicular basalt is
tapped by dug wells while the deeper confined aquifers are tapped by drilling tube wells. The
yield of dug wells ranges from 120 to 180 liters per minute, but in the canal command area, due
to substantial recharge from canal seepage, sustains a good discharge.
Alluvium
The alluvial aquifer system in the district is highly potential. Two to three granular zones
and at places more number of potential granular zones comprising of fine to medium to coarse
grained sand, gravel and pebbles and Laterite are encountered in alluvium. The top phreatic
aquifer range in thickness from 2 to 10m and is encountered in the depth range of 4 to 20 mbgl.
It appears that all the alluvial aquifer zones constitute a single aquifer system - the
unconfined aquifer and a number of deeper aquifer zones separated by thick clay zones. The
deeper aquifers are of semi-confined to confined nature with varying potentiometric heads. The
yield of alluvial aquifers ranges from 180 to 900 liters per minute.

Depth to Water levels

Pre-monsoon water level (May 2022)

The pre-monsoon depth to Water levels ranges from a minimum of 2.48 meters below
ground level (mbgl) at Bajaniain Timarni block to a maximum of 24.51 m bgl at
TemagavTimarni block of Harda district. About 16% very shallow water levels up to 2-5m bgl
have been recorded in a small patch in part of district. About 50 % of monitoring wells recorded
water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl category, spreading in patches and major pockets in the
north-western and eastern part of area. About 30% of monitoring wells recorded water level in
the depth range of 10-20 m bgl occurring in broad patches all over the region. Deeper ground
water levels ranging >20 m bgl constituting only about 4% of wells in this category have been
observed only in small pocket in the northern and south-western part of Harda district. Ground
water levels of more than 20 m bgl have been recorded in the eastern part of the area. The pre-
monsoon Depth to Water Level map has been shown in the Fig. 11. Key well location and Depth
to water level in Harda District shown in Table.7

Table 6. Pre-monsoon Depth to Water Level in Harda District

Depth Dia WL DTW

S.No Block Location Type Lat Long MP
m m mamp mbgl
1 Harda Handia DW 22.475261 76.991094 0.7 8.7 3.73 4.53 3.83
2 Harda Bhamori DW 22.482329 77.018423 0 4.83 3.3 4.6 4.6
3 Harda Adampur DW 22.476654 77.056767 0.4 6.3 2.2 6.1 5.7
4 Harda Nandra DW 22.484745 77.106797 0.5 9.3 3.3 9.1 8.6
5 Harda Sonkhedi DW 22.428839 77.144342 0.8 11.3 1.1 8.28 7.48
6 Timarni Kartana DW 22.475238 77.184178 0.7 8.1 2.5 3.58 2.88
7 Timarni Rundlay DW 22.495893 77.148868 0.7 15 3.8 14.7 14.03
8 Timarni Tajpura DW 22.529805 77.181693 0.2 14 1.4 3.61 3.41
9 Timarni Godri DW 22.491846 77.208585 0.1 5.3 1.7 4.38 4.28
10 Timarni Nayagaon DW 22.51293 77.246183 1 12.1 1.8 10.3 9.28
11 Timarni Gadrapur DW 22.487033 77.274642 0.8 15 1.8 12.1 11.3
12 Timarni Bajania DW 22.474812 77.248855 0 15 4.8 2.48 2.48
13 Harda Udda DW 22.348268 77.122518 0.7 13.1 1.8 12.2 11.54
14 Timarni Chidgaon DW 22.394398 77.288907 0.7 9 3.1 4.08 3.38
 Depth Dia WL DTW
S.No Block Location Type Lat Long MP
m m mamp mbgl
15 Timarni Bhayili DW 22.364658 77.228848 1.8 8.4 2.3 7.83 6.03
16 Timarni Sodalpur DW 22.323157 77.221507 0.8 10.9 3.2 10.4 9.62
17 Timarni Sirkumba DW 22.315361 77.270619 1.1 16 3.2 13.4 12.27
18 Timarni Temagav DW 22.298467 77.318931 0.5 26 4.2 25 24.51
19 Timarni Mohanpur DW 22.25663 77.229247 1 15 2.8 12.9 11.93
20 Timarni Rajabarari DW 22.24866 77.248573 0.7 16.5 3.3 14 13.26
21 Timarni Kasarni DW 22.219792 77.221532 0 16.5 3.5 9.92 9.92
22 Harda Barkhedi DW 22.179755 77.152485 0.4 21 3.1 16.8 16.43
23 Harda Magardha DW 22.154415 77.16207 0.9 15 8.9 10.6 9.67
24 Harda Jhiri DW 22.153358 77.176973 0.5 22.5 3.7 20.5 20.03
25 Harda Balagaon DW 22.271792 77.121451 0.5 10.5 2.5 8.92 8.42
26 Harda Gosala DW 22.329745 77.07825 1 15 2.7 10.3 9.32
27 Harda Masangaon DW 22.292624 77.005488 1.2 10.8 2.7 10.4 9.18
28 Harda Kakaria DW 22.278423 76.981328 0.6 11.5 4.2 11 10.42
29 Khirkiya Mandia DW 22.229352 76.950295 0.2 10 4.1 9.44 9.24
30 Khirkiya Dhanwad DW 22.255542 76.905723 0.6 11.8 6.2 5.76 5.16
31 Khirkiya Sarangpur DW 22.242077 76.900298 0.4 12.3 6.5 6.85 6.45
32 Khirkiya Choukdi DW 22.198307 76.858535 0.5 11.8 2 10.7 10.22
33 Khirkiya Chippabad DW 22.157353 76.880568 0.3 9.8 3.5 8.34 8.04
34 Khirkiya Temalabari DW 22.064275 76.881787 0.5 8.5 5.3 6.74 6.24
35 Khirkiya Rhunjan DW 22.053835 76.930333 0.3 12.8 6.1 9.82 9.52
36 Khirkiya Sarsud DW 22.104122 76.931378 0.5 12.5 4.4 9.47 8.97
37 Khirkiya Bhimpura DW 22.02262 77.003965 0.4 9.3 4.7 8.7 8.3
38 Khirkiya Khudia DW 22.115057 77.07232 0.3 15.9 5.5 13.6 13.26
39 Khirkiya Bhatpura DW 22.1789 77.0412 0.8 19.6 3.5 11.8 11
40 Timarni Banspani DW 22.084582 77.2609 0.3 8.5 5.5 8.1 7.8
41 Timarni Chandrakhal DW 22.079753 77.332878 0.5 9.5 5 4.83 4.33
42 Timarni Gorakhal DW 22.124796 77.333703 0.8 8.5 4.5 6.2 5.4
43 Timarni Balwarni DW 22.190948 77.264467 0.8 11.6 4.8 10.4 9.61
44 Harda Atarsama DW 22.394403 77.05015 0.9 9 2.4 8.75 7.85
45 Harda Relwa DW 22.383832 76.984932 0.5 12 2.5 11.8 11.3
46 Harda Pachola DW 22.389417 76.914382 0.8 12 3 10.1 9.3
47 Harda Kheda DW 22.418753 76.960948 0.7 17 5.1 13.7 13.02
48 Harda Nayapura DW 22.44913 76.88572 0.5 11 3.5 10.2 9.7
49 Harda Saliyakhedi DW 22.435925 76.836785 0.2 12.8 2.8 11.7 11.53
50 Harda Mangrul DW 22.467153 76.932602 0.5 12 4 11.5 11
Figure 9: Premonsoon Depth to Water Level Map (2022)
Post-monsoon water level (Nov2022)
The pre-monsoon depth to Water levels ranges from a minimum of 0.1 meters below
ground level (mbgl) at Tajpura in Timarni block to a maximum of 18.15 m bgl at Temagav
Timarni block of Harda district. About 18% very shallow water levels up to 0-2m bgl have been
recorded in a small patch in part of district. About 30 % of monitoring wells recorded water
level in the range of 2-5 m bgl category, spreading in patches and major pockets in the north-
western and eastern part of area. About 40 % of monitoring wells recorded water level in the
depth range of 5-10 m bgl occurring in broad patches all over the region. Deeper ground water
levels ranging 10-20 m bgl constituting only about 12% of wells in this category have been
observed only in small pocket in the northern and south-western part of Harda district. The Post-
monsoon Depth to Water Level map has been shown in the Fig. 12, Key well location and Depth to
water level in Harda District shown in Table.8
 Table 7:Post-monsoon Depth to Water Level in Harda District

Depth Dia WL WL
S.No Block Location Type Lat Long MP
m m mamp mbgl
1 Harda Handia DW 22.475261 76.991094 0.7 8.7 3.73 1.59 0.89
2 Harda Bhamori DW 22.482329 77.018423 0 4.83 3.3 0.4 0.4
3 Harda Adampur DW 22.476654 77.056767 0.4 6.3 2.2 2.42 2.02

4 Harda Nandra DW 22.484745 77.106797 0.5 9.3 3.3 6.94 6.44

5 Harda Sonkhedi DW 22.428839 77.144342 0.8 11.3 1.1 10.08 9.28
6 Timarni Kartana DW 22.475238 77.184178 0.7 8.1 2.5 1 0.3
7 Timarni Rundlay DW 22.495893 77.148868 0.7 15 3.8 15.67 14.97
8 Timarni Tajpura DW 22.529805 77.181693 0.2 14 1.4 0.3 0.1
9 Timarni Godri DW 22.491846 77.208585 0.1 5.3 1.7 3.01 2.91
10 Timarni Nayagaon DW 22.51293 77.246183 1 12.1 1.8 7.2 6.2
11 Timarni Gadrapur DW 22.487033 77.274642 0.8 15 1.8 12.3 11.5
12 Timarni Bajania DW 22.474812 77.248855 0 15 4.8 1.4 1.4
13 Harda Udda DW 22.348268 77.122518 0.7 13.1 1.8 6.45 5.75

14 Timarni Chidgaon DW 22.394398 77.288907 0.7 9 3.1 3.46 2.76

15 Timarni Bhayili DW 22.364658 77.228848 1.8 8.4 2.3 5.32 3.52
16 Timarni Sodalpur DW 22.323157 77.221507 0.8 10.9 3.2 8.15 7.35
17 Timarni Sirkumba DW 22.315361 77.270619 1.1 16 3.2 9.24 8.14
18 Timarni Temagav DW 22.298467 77.318931 0.5 26 4.2 18.65 18.15
19 Timarni Mohanpur DW 22.25663 77.229247 1 15 2.8 9.12 8.12

20 Timarni Rajabarari DW 22.24866 77.248573 0.7 16.5 3.3 3.64 2.94

21 Timarni Kasarni DW 22.219792 77.221532 0 16.5 3.5 4.57 4.57
22 Harda Barkhedi DW 22.179755 77.152485 0.4 21 3.1 16.24 15.84
23 Harda Magardha DW 22.154415 77.16207 0.9 15 8.9 6.32 5.42

24 Harda Jhiri DW 22.153358 77.176973 0.5 22.5 3.7 16.64 16.14

25 Harda Balagaon DW 22.271792 77.121451 0.5 10.5 2.5 5.64 5.14
26 Harda Gosala DW 22.329745 77.07825 1 15 2.7 13.31 12.31
27 Harda Masangaon DW 22.292624 77.005488 1.2 10.8 2.7 5.72 4.52
28 Harda Kakaria DW 22.278423 76.981328 0.6 11.5 4.2 5.53 4.93
29 Khirkiya Mandia DW 22.229352 76.950295 0.2 10 4.1 6.77 6.57
30 Khirkiya Dhanwad DW 22.255542 76.905723 0.6 11.8 6.2 8.7 8.1

31 Khirkiya Sarangpur DW 22.242077 76.900298 0.4 12.3 6.5 8.18 7.78

32 Khirkiya Choukdi DW 22.198307 76.858535 0.5 11.8 2 8.42 7.92
33 Khirkiya Chippabad DW 22.157353 76.880568 0.3 9.8 3.5 5.08 4.78
34 Khirkiya Temalabari DW 22.064275 76.881787 0.5 8.5 5.3 2.1 1.6
35 Khirkiya Rhunjan DW 22.053835 76.930333 0.3 12.8 6.1 5.52 5.22

36 Khirkiya Sarsud DW 22.104122 76.931378 0.5 12.5 4.4 6.5 6

37 Khirkiya Bhimpura DW 22.02262 77.003965 0.4 9.3 4.7 8.64 8.24

 Depth Dia WL WL
S.No Block Location Type Lat Long MP
m m mamp mbgl

38 Khirkiya Khudia DW 22.115057 77.07232 0.3 15.9 5.5 4.76 4.46

39 Khirkiya Bhatpura DW 22.1789 77.0412 0.8 19.6 3.5 7.61 6.81
40 Timarni Banspani DW 22.084582 77.2609 0.3 8.5 5.5 4.56 4.26

41 Timarni Chandrakhal DW 22.079753 77.332878 0.5 9.5 5 7.75 7.25

42 Timarni Gorakhal DW 22.124796 77.333703 0.8 8.5 4.5 5.76 4.96

43 Timarni Balwarni DW 22.190948 77.264467 0.8 11.6 4.8 1.75 0.95

44 Harda Atarsama DW 22.394403 77.05015 0.9 9 2.4 5.54 4.64
45 Harda Relwa DW 22.383832 76.984932 0.5 12 2.5 5.74 5.24

46 Harda Pachola DW 22.389417 76.914382 0.8 12 3 5.73 4.93

47 Harda Kheda DW 22.418753 76.960948 0.7 17 5.1 1.62 0.92

48 Harda Nayapura DW 22.44913 76.88572 0.5 11 3.5 1.78 1.28

49 Harda Saliyakhedi DW 22.435925 76.836785 0.2 12.8 2.8 3.74 3.54
50 Harda Mangrul DW 22.467153 76.932602 0.5 12 4 9.54 9.04
Figure 10: Post-monsoon Depth to Water Level Map
 b. Hydrochemistry
The water samples were collected from Key wells in clean double stopper poly ethylene
bottles from 50 different locations of Harda district during May 2022 and selective wells
samples has been collected during November 2022. All the collected water Samples are
submitted to Chemical lab NCR, for analysis

Quality of Ground Water for Drinking Purpose:

The ground water samples collected from Harda district having pH range from 6.41
to 7.78. As per BIS (IS10500:2012) recommendation, almost all the water sample shave pH
recorded within the permissible limits of 6.5 to 8.5, except Nayapura village shows 6.41, the
maximum pH recorded in the water sample of Handia (7.78). The ground water of the study
area can be assessed as neutral to slightly alkaline. The electrical conductivity of ground water
samples in Harda district varies from 248 to 2200 µS/cm at 25°C. In the 50 nos. of water
samples 34 shows electrical conductivity less than 1000µS/cm; in 9 nos. of samples EC in
between 1000 to 1500 µS/cm and remaining 7 samples is more than 1500 µS/cm. So, overall
ground water quality in Harda district is good. The maximum electrical conductivity has been
observed in the water sample of Tajpura village i.e. 2200µS/cm at 25 °C.
The fluoride concentration in Harda district lies in between 0.1 to 2.69 mg/l, which
represent that almost all the samples are within the permissible limit i.e.1.5 mg/l as per BIS
(IS 10500: 2012) except Jhiri, Nayapura, Mangrul and Tajpura village i.e. 2.12 to 2.69 mg/l.
Nitrate in ground water samples of Harda district fall within limits of 2 to 43 mg/l. It is
observed that 100% samples have Nitrate concentration less than the acceptable limit i.e. 45
mg/l. highest nitrate is reported in the water sample of Bajania (43mg/l). High nitrate in
ground water samples may be due to anthropogenicactivities or excessive use of fertilizers.
The range of Total Hardness (as CaCO3) in groundwater samples of study area is 59 to 579
mg/l. In all locations, total hardness concentrations are within the permissible limit of 600
mg/l. The maximum concentration of total hardness observed in the village of Rundlay
(579mg/l).
Piper diagram has three parts: a Cation triangle, an Anion triangle, and a Central
diamond-shaped field. In Cation triangle, the relative percentages of the major cations
(Ca2+,Mg2+, Na+, K+) are plotted. In Anion triangle the major anions (HCO3-+CO32-, SO42-, Cl-
) are plotted. These points are then projected to the central diamond shaped field. The piper
diagram of Harda district shows the ground water samples are Calcium-Bicarbonate type;
hence show temporary hardness; Calcium Chloride type (permanent hardness); Mixed type
and Sodium Chloride(saline) types.
 Quality of Ground Water for Irrigation Purpose:
In classification of water for irrigation purpose, it is assumed that the water will be
used for irrigation purpose based upon its soil texture, infiltration rate, drainage and climate.
The chemical data of all the water samples from Harda district is plotted on U.S. Salinity
Laboratory diagram.
It is clear that approx.42% samples shows that the ground water are
C2-S1 Class (Medium Salinity & Low Sodium); 50% samples of study area are
observed under C3-S1Class (High Salinity & Low Sodium) and 8% samples of study area are
observed under C3-S2 Class (High Salinity & Medium Sodium) which means that these waters
can be used for Irrigation purpose for most of the crops, Water from these areas can be used
for irrigation, considering the salinity content of the ground water.

Figure 13: Hill Piper Diagram representing classification of water samples collected from Key wells of Harda District,
Madhya Pradesh
Figure.14 .US
Salinity Diagram for water samples collected from National Hydrograph Stations
of Harda District, Madhya Pradesh
 c. Ground Water Exploration and aquifer parameters & Geophysical

CGWB under its exploration program drilled 4 bore wells (Fig. 13). On the basis of samples
collected during exploration, and from the field observation litho logs have been prepared. The
aquifer parameters are calculated on the basis of pumping tests. The salient details of the some
of the drilled bore wells and piezometer are given in Table No 9. 16 EW and 47 VES have been
proposed in Harda district. Fig.13 illustrates the locations of existing EW details are
shownTable.9

Fig 15: Map showing locations of Existing Exploratory Wells & Proposed EW & VES
 Table 8: Salient Hydrogeological Details of Exploratory Wells of Harda District.

Depth Aquifer
Depth SWL Draw
Latitude Longitude Year of constru Lithology zones Discharge T S
S.No Location drilled (mbgl) down
Drilling cted tapped (lps) (m²/day)
(mbgl) /Date (m)
(mbgl) (mbgl)
0-28.35
Timarni 22°23' 00” 77°14' 55
Alluvium - - -
1 1997-2000 32.61 32.61 - - -
Basalt at
28.35
0-14 14.43-
22°29'02" 76°59'10" 1997-2000 Alluvium 17.86 - - -
2 Handia 36.86 36.86 9.43 1.0
Granite at 23.86-
14.0 30.86
3 Harda 22°20'29" 77°05'27" 1997-2000 - - - - - -
57.5 57.5 10.46
0-0.6 Soil
4 Khirkiya 22°09'45" 76°51'34" 1997-2000
98.45 98.45 Basalt at 8.5-12.19 4.58 - - - -
0.6
3. Data Interpretation , Integration and Aquifer Mapping
a. Hydro-chemical data interpretation

Almost all the water samples have pH recorded within the permissible limits of 6.5 to
8.5, except Nayapura village shows 6.41, the maximum pH recorded in the water sample of
Handia (7.78). The ground water of the study area can be assessed as neutral to slightly
alkaline. Overall ground water quality in Harda district is good. The maximum electrical
conductivity has been observed in the water sample of Tajpura village i.e. 2200 µS/cm at 25
°C. The fluoride concentration in Harda district lies in between 0.1 to 2.69 mg/l, which
represent that almost all the samples are within the permissible limiti.e.1.5mg/l as per BIS (IS
10500: 2012) except Jhiri, Nayapura, Mangrul and Tajpuravillage i.e. 2.12 to 2.69 mg/l.
The piper diagram of Harda district shows the ground water samples are Calcium-Bicarbonate
type; hence show temporary hardness; Calcium Chloride type (permanent hardness); Mixed
type and Sodium Chloride(saline) types. It is clear that approx.42% samples shows that the
ground water are C2-S1Class(Medium Salinity & Low Sodium); 50% samples of study area
are observed under C3-S1Class (High Salinity & Low Sodium) and 8% samples of study area
are observed under C3-S2Class (High Salinity & Medium Sodium) which means that these
waters can be used for Irrigation purpose for most of the crops
b. Aquifer Disposition – 2D (maps) / 3D (Fence/ Rockworks)

The Lithological data collected from CGWB Bore wells, Piezometers and State
Ground Water Piezometers were studied, compiled and integrated as per Rockworks
software format to prepare the 3-Dimensional Stratigraphic model, 2-Dimensional Cross
section and Fence diagrams. The sub-surface lithology of the Harda district as inferred
from the 3-D Model, 2-DSection and Fence diagram is presented below.

3-D Lithological models

A 3-Dimensional Lithological model was prepared for the Harda district, Madhya
Pradesh after detailed analysis of the pre-existing and available bore-log data collected
from the Basic Data Reports of CGWB (Fig 14). A comprehensive analysis was made as
perlithologyandstratigraphyofthearea.ThelocationdetailswithRLvaluesandtheircorrespondin
gstratigraphicdetailsaspertheRockworksformatisprovidedintheAnnexures- I and II.
The 3-D Model results showed that the region is dominantly occupied by Basalt,
Alluvium Sandstone, Quartzite and Granite respectively. The sub-surface lithology has
been broadly classified into Top soil/Unsaturated zone / Alluvium, underlain by Weathered
Basalt and which has been considered as shallow aquifer (up to a depth of 30 mts).
Massive Basalt was encountered in few bore wells mainly occupying the southern region
of Harda. This over lies the Fractured Basalt Sandstone that forms the deeper aquifer (from
30-200 mts). The fractured aquifer lies between Vesicular Basalt and predominantly
Massive Basalt.
Figure 16:3-DLithologicalModelofHardaDistrict, Madhya Pradesh
Fence Diagram
The Fence diagram was also prepared using the Rockworks software (Fig. 15). The
pattern for the Fence was chosen as such to cover the maximum portion of the region to
represent the enhanced picture of the sub-surface as deciphered from the 3-D stratigraphic
model. It has also been interpreted from the diagram that the shallow and deeper aquifers are
not in connection to each other.

Figure 17: Fence Diagram, Harda District Madhya Pradesh

2-D Cross Section

2-Dimensional cross-section along the section line A-A’ (SW-NE), B-B’ has been
prepared using Rockworks and later refined in Mapinfo (Fig.16). The cross-section shows
that the shallow aquifer is not continuing for the whole region and occurs as narrow pinches
in the western portion of Harda. The deeper aquifers whereas, occurs throughout the section
line and can be encountered at depth where fractures are present.
Figure 118: 2-D Cross section along A-A’ (SW-NE), B-B’ Harda District, Madhya Pradesh

4. Ground Water Resources

a. Dynamic Ground Water Resource (2022)

Harda district is characterized by alluvial formations and Deccan trap basaltic lava
flow. Dynamic ground water resources of the district have been estimated for base year -
2021-22 on block-wise basis. Out of 333000 ha of geographical area, 270090 ha (81%) is
ground water recharge worthy area and 62910 ha (19%) is hilly area. There are three
numbers of assessment units in the district which fall under command (29%) and non-
command (71%) categories sub units. All blocks of the district are categorized as safe blocks,
with highest stage of ground water development of 68.65% in Khirkiya block. The annual
extractable ground water resource in the district 42913 ham and ground water extraction for
all uses is Dynamic Ground Water Resource of Madhya Pradesh - 2022 108 15645 ham,
making Stage of Ground water extraction 36.46 (34.03% in 2019-20) as a whole for district.
After making allocation for future domestic supply for year 2025, balance available ground
water for future use would be 1331 ham (Table 10).
 Table 9: Dynamic Ground Water Resources (2022)

Annual Net
Ground Ground Ground GW Ground
Stage of
Water Water Water Allocation Water
Total Ground
Assessment Extraction Extract Extraction for for Availabil Categoriz
Extraction Water
Unit Name for ion for for Domestic ity for ation
(Ham) Extraction
Irrigation Industr Domestic Use as on future
(%)
Use (Ham) ial Use Use (Ham) 2025 use
(Ham) (Ham) (Ham)

TIMARNI 5920.56 0.00 420.96 6341.53 457.79 5517.10 53.31 safe

KHIRKIYA 4082.40 0.00 400.09 4482.49 435.10 2011.71 68.65 safe
HARDA 4402.08 16.17 402.72 4820.97 437.96 19631.80 19.69 safe
DISTRICT
14405.04 16.17 1223.77 15644.99 1330.85 27160.61 36.46 safe
TOTAL
b. In storage

The Ground Water Resource of Harda district has been calculated block-wise
considering the variable lithology and their associated aquifer parameters like specific yield.
The In-storage resource for the shallow aquifer below zone of fluctuation (up to 30 mbgl) is
computed to be around 729.61 mcm. The static resource for the deeper aquifer (30-200 mbgl)
is computed as 183 mcm. The block-wise detail of ground water resources and draft as an
outcome of NAQUIM is presented in the Table No.11

Block Harda Khirkiya Timarni

Shallow Aquifer
Dynamic Resources (MCM) 118.9546 65.2921 244.8801

In storage Resources(MCM) 98.848 107.027 94.611

Total Resources(MCM) 217.80 172.32 339.49

Irrigation 59.2056 40.824 44.02

Domestic + Industries 4.21 4.00 4.19

Deeper Aquifer
Static Resources(MCM) 50.34 54.78 78.59

GW Draft(MCM 63.42 44.82 48.21

Total GW Resources(MCM) 268.14 227.10 418.09

Gross Ground Water Draft(MCM) 126.83 89.65 96.42

Table 10: Ground Water Resources (Outcome of NAQUIM)

5. Ground Water Related Issues
a. Ground Water Decline
The long-term water level trend analysis indicates mixed results. During pre-monsoon
season, out of 14 Hydrograph Stations, 9 are showing declining trend (Fig. 17).
Similarly, during post-monsoon season, out of 14 stations 6 stations are showing falling
trend in the district and all stations of Harda blocks are showing depletion of water
levels in the area.

Figure 129: Hydrographs showing declining water level trend during Pre-monsoon and Post-Monsoon at
sites Temagaon and Handia, Harda District, Madhya Pradesh
 b. Ground Water Contamination
The fluoride concentration in Harda district lies in between 0.1 to 2.69 mg/l, which
represent that almost all the samples are within the permissible limit i.e.1.5 mg/l as per BIS
(IS 10500: 2012) except Jhiri, Nayapura, Mangrul and Tajpura village i.e. 2.12 to 2.69 mg/l.

6. Ground Water Management Strategies and Aquifer Management Plan

Groundwater has been contributing more to agricultural wealth than surface

irrigation since ages. Tube wells are now the largest source of irrigation in the country.
Since this sector has almost no dependence on the government, it is growing at a rapid rate
and it is estimated that one million wells are added every year (Shah and Deb, 2004).
Being an individually managed source, ground water irrigation is also a more efficient
form of irrigation, with crop yields per cubic meter of water being 1.2 to 3 times higher
than surface irrigation. However, since this sector has grown through investment by
individual farmers, with little state involvement compared to canal irrigation, government
support for understanding this sector and improving its performance is negligible. The
major issues for the future growth of ground water irrigation is declining resource base,
demand driven growth, and a lack of policy and regulatory framework. Since groundwater
extraction is primarily driven by the needs of the population and the density of farmer
population and not the quality of resource, ground water irrigation is scaling up even in
such hard rock areas causing irreversible depletion of the resource base (ShahandDeb,
2004).To warrant the current situation effective ground water management strategies needs
to be evolved.

District Ground Water Management Plan (Outcome of NAQUIM)

Harda district has been facing problems of ground water exploitation which in turn are
depleting the ground water resources in the non-command area. This has led to evolve
sustainable water conservation and management practices through an integrated approach.
The ground water management plan for Harda district has been made keepingin view the area
specific details and includes the strategies like enhancing the ground water resources through
construction of artificial recharge structures such as percolation tanks, check dams/ Nala
bunds, recharge shafts, etc. and ensuring water use efficiency throughmaintenance/ renovation
of existing water bodies/water conservation structures. Also, adoption of micro-irrigation
techniques such as sprinkler irrigation has been proposed, that would not only conserve
ground water resources by reducing the draft, but would also increase the net cropping area
thereby augmenting the agricultural economy of the district.

Supply Side Management

Artificial recharge to ground water is one of the most efficient, scientificallyproven and
cost-effective technology to mitigate the problems of over exploitation of ground water
resources. The artificial recharge techniques simultaneously rejuvenate the depleted ground
water storage, reduce the ground water quality problems and also improve the sustainability
of wells in the affected areas.
The supply side management plan for Harda district has been formulated using the basic
concepts of hydrogeology. Sub-surface storage is calculated by multiplying the total area with
the respective specific yield (considering the variable lithology) and the unsaturated zone
thickness obtained by subtracting 3 mts from the post-monsoon water level. The volume of
ground water recharge generated through pre-existing rain water harvesting/water
conservation structures is subtracted from the sub-surface storage to assess the available
storage potential. Thus, the surface water requirement to completely saturate the sub-surface
storage is obtained by multiplying a factor of 1.33 to available storage potential. A runoff
coefficient factor of 0.23 has been considered for Harda district to calculate the total surface
water runoff, 30% of which accounts to the non-committed runoff which is available to
sustain the proposed artificial recharge structures. Further, the number of structures has been
calculated by allotting 35%, 35% and 20% of non-committed runoff to Percolation tanks,
Recharge shafts/Tube wells and Nala bunds/Check dams/Cement Plugs respectively. The
remaining 10 % runoff is considered to restore the pre-existing village tanks, ponds and water
conservation structures. A detailed calculation of the proposed artificial recharge structures is
presented in the Table No.12
A financial outlay plan has also been chalked out, assuming the cost for the artificial
recharge structures to be Rs. 20 lakhs each for percolation tanks, Rs. 10 lakhs each for Nala
bunds/Check Dams/Cement Plugs, Rs. 5 lakhs each for Recharge shafts/Tube wells and Rs. 2
lakhs each for renovation of Village tanks/ponds/WCS. This accounts to a total of Rs. 168.45
Crores to successfully implement the supply side management strategy. Table No. 13
represents the complete financial outlay plan for the district.

Demand Side Management

Micro irrigation technologies such as drip and sprinkler systems are being increasingly
promoted as technological solutions for achieving water conservation. Micro- irrigation
comprises two technologies-drip and sprinkler irrigation. Both saves conveyance losses and
improve water application efficiency by applying water near the root-zone of the plant some
benefits of the micro-irrigation have been listed below:

The increase in yield for different crops ranges from 27 per cent to 88 per cent and
water saving ranges from 36 per cent to 68 per cent vis-à-vis conventional flow irrigation
systems (Phansalker and Verma, 2005).
It enables farmers to grow crops which would not be possible under conventional
systems since it can irrigate adequately with lower water quantities.
It saves costs of hired labour and other inputs like fertilizer.
It reduces the energy needs for pumping, thus reducing energy per ha of irrigation
because of its reduced water needs. However, overall energy needs of the agriculture sector
may not get reduced because most farmers use the increased water efficiency to bring more
area under irrigation.

Adoption of Sprinkler irrigation techniques in 50% of the area irrigated by ground water
has been suggested for the Harda district Also, the 60% of additional recharge created by
construction of artificial recharge structures can be utilized to increase the total cropping area,
thereby enhancing the productivity and economy of the district.
 Table 11: Ground Water Management–Supply Side, Harda District, Madhya Pradesh

Area suitable Average post- Sub-surface GW Recharge

Area for recharge Rainfall monsoon water Un Average SP storage( through RWH
Block
(Sq.Km) (Non-command) (m) level(m) saturated Yield (%) MCM) Structures
(Sq.Km) zone(m) Constructed (MCM)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1050 916.5 1.38 5.9335 2.93 53.77 53.77
Harda 0.015/ 0.10
1240 794.4 1.38 6.134545 3.13 49.80 49.8
Khirkiya 0.0200
1040 990 1.38 5.807895 2.81 55.60 55.60
Timarni 0.02/0.10
DistrictTotal 3330 2700.9 1.38 2.55 1.11 0.02/0.15 159.17 159.17

Table 12: Financial Outlay Plan-Supply Side Management, Harda District, MadhyaPradesh

Volume Total
Volume
of Renovation of Cost of
of Water Percolation Tanks NB/CP CP/Recharge shaft
Area Surface Village Ponds ARS in
required
Block Suitable for Water crores
for
AR available structure cost structure cost structure cost structure cost
recharge
for AR
(MCM) Nos. (crores) Nos. (crores) Nos. (crores) Nos. (crores)
(MCM)
Harda
916.5 53.77 71.52 72 14.40 286 28.60 250 12.50 73 1.46 56.96

Khirkiya
794.4 49.80 66.24 66 13.25 265 26.50 232 11.60 67 1.34 52.69

Timarni
990 55.60 73.94 74 14.79 296 29.60 259 12.95 73 1.46 58.80

2700.9 159.17 211.69 212 42.44 847 84.7 741 37.05 213 4.26 168.45
TOTAL

40 | P a g e
Post-Intervention
The expected outcome of the proposed interventions from both supply side and demand side has been described in Table No 14.
It can been revised that the Stage of groundwater development for the entire Harda district, would increase to 36.46 % as compared to the
present stage of ground water development of 42.06%after implying and successful implementation of proposed interventions.
Table 13:Post-Intervention Impact, Harda District, Madhya Pradesh (inMCM)

After Stage of
After Draft after
GW intervention of Development Additional
Additional intervention sprinkler &
GW Draft for Stage of AR Structure W/O GW area
Net GW Gross Saving by recharge of AR & utilization of additional
Block Draft for Domestic Development use for irrigated by
Availability Draft MI in mcm created by Structure 60% of area created
Irrigation & (%) additional GW after
AR Net GW for
Industrial additional GW Area intervention
availability agriculture
Created Irrigation

118.9546 59.21 4.210 63.415 53.31

6.34 53.77 172.7257 32.2626 89.34 51.72 8066
Harda

65.2921 40.82 4.001 44.825 68.65

4.48 49.80 115.09 29.8810 70.22 61.01 7470
Khirkiya

244.8801 44.02 4.189 48.210 19.69

4.82 55.60 300.48 44.48 87.87 29.24 11119
Timarni

Total 429.1268
144.05 44.361 156.450 36.46 15.64 159.17 588.29 349.0387 247.36 42.06 26655

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 Table 14: Block wise Management Plan

Block wise Management Plan

Block Harda
Geographical area 1050
Basin/Sub Basin Narmada Basin
Principal Aquifer System Granite Gneiss / Alluvium
Major Aquifer System Alluvium / Fractured Gneiss
Normal Annual Rainfall 1374.5
Aquifer Disposition Two Types of Aquifer System

Shallow Aquifer system (Aquifer-I): Depth

range from 3 to 30 m, Weathered Granite
Gneiss / Alluvium
Deeper Aquifer System (Aquifer-II): Depth
range from 30-180m)
Fractured Gneiss /sandstone
Status of GW Exploration Piezometer - 2
Aquifer Characteristic
Aquifer I : Depth of Occurrence (m bgl): 3
to 30, Thickness average (m):15
DTWL (m bgl): 2-15
Yield (lps): 1 to 6.5
Specific yield :0.015/0.10
Aquifer II : Depth of Occurrence (m bgl):
30 m to 180 m, Thickness average (m): 0.5
to 6
DTWL (m bgl): 11 - 28
Yield (lps): Meager to 12
T (m2/day), Specific yield :0.015
Ground water Monitoring Status NHS: DW - 3, PZ-1
Groundwater Quality Generally shallow and Deeper Aquifer
Ground water Quality potable
Aquifer potential Mainly aquifer potential in weathered /
Fracture Granite Gneiss and in Alluvium
Groundwater Resource GW Availability 11895.46 GW Draft
6341.53 ham
Stage of GW Development 53.31 %
Existing and Future water Demand Present Demand for All usage 6341.53 ham
Future
Demand for Domestic and Industrial Use
457.79 ham

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 Block Khirkiya
Geographical area 1240
Basin/Sub Basin Narmada Basin
Principal Aquifer System Basalt
Major Aquifer System Fractured Basalt
Normal Annual Rainfall 1374.5
Aquifer Disposition Two Types of Aquifer System

Shallow Aquifer system (Aquifer-I): Depth

range from 3 to 30m, Weathered Basalt
Deeper Aquifer System (Aquifer-II): Depth
range from 30-170m,
Fractured Basalt
Status of GW Exploration Exploratory Well- 1
Aquifer Characteristic
Aquifer I : Depth of Occurrence (m bgl): 3
to 30, Thickness average (m):15
DTWL (m bgl): 3-14
Yield (lps): 1 to 4.5
Specific yield :0.02
Aquifer II : Depth of Occurrence (m bgl):
30 m to 180 m, Thickness average (m): 0.5
to 6
DTWL (m bgl): 11 - 28
Yield (lps): Meager to 7
T (m2/day), Specific yield :0.020
Ground water Monitoring Status NHS: DW - 5, PZ-1
Groundwater Quality
Generally shallow and Deeper Aquifer
Ground water Quality potable
Aquifer potential
Mainly aquifer potential in weathered /
Fracture Basalt
Groundwater Resource GW Availability 6529.21 GW Draft
4482.49 ham
Stage of GW Development 68.65%
Existing and Future water Demand Present Demand for All usage 4482.49 ham
Future
Demand for Domestic and Industrial Use
435.1 ham

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 Block Timarni
Geographical area 1040
Basin/Sub Basin Narmada Basin
Principal Aquifer System Basalt / Alluvium
Major Aquifer System Fractured Basalt / Alluvium
Normal Annual Rainfall 1374.5
Aquifer Disposition Two Types of Aquifer System
Shallow Aquifer system (Aquifer-I): Depth
range from 2 to 30m, Weathered Basalt /
Alluvium
Deeper Aquifer System (Aquifer-II): Depth
range from 30-180 m,
Fractured Basalt
Status of GW Exploration Piezometer - 1
Aquifer Characteristic
Aquifer I : Depth of Occurrence (m bgl): 2
to 30, Thickness average (m):13
DTWL (m bgl): 2-14
Yield (lps): 1 to 4.5
Specific yield :0.02/0.10
Aquifer II : Depth of Occurrence (m bgl):
30 m to 180 m, Thickness average (m): 0.5
to 6
DTWL (m bgl): 11 - 28
Yield (lps): Meager to 12
T (m2/day), Specific yield :0.020
Ground water Monitoring Status NHS: DW - 4
Groundwater Quality
Generally shallow and Deeper Aquifer
Ground water Quality potable
Aquifer potential
Mainly aquifer potential in weathered /
Fracture Basalt and in Alluvium
Groundwater Resource GW Availability 24488.01 GW Draft
4820.97 ham
Stage of GW Development 19.69%
Existing and Future water Demand Present Demand for All usage 4820.97 ham
Future
Demand for Domestic and Industrial Use
437.96 ham

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 Table 15: Block wise Proposed AR Structure and Cost Estimation

Total No.
TYPE OF STRUCTURE: Harda Khirkiya Timarni of Total Est. Cost in Cr.
Structures
Percolation Tanks
72 66 74 212 42.44
(Rs20 Lakh Per Structure)
NB /CP
286 265 296 847 84.70
(Rs10 Lakh Per Structure)
CD /Recharge Shaft
250 232 259 741 37.05
(Rs5 Lakh Per Structure)
Renovation of Village
Ponds / Farm Ponds 73 67 73 213 4.26
(Rs2 Lakh Per Structure)

Total Cost in Cr. 168.45

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 Figure 13. Block wise Proposed AR Locations for Khirkiya, Harda, Timarni Blocks

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47 | P a g e
48 | P a g e
 Table.17. Proposed ARS Locations Block wise in Harda District

S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long

1 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.39444 76.95444
2 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.18611 77.12333
3 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.24750 77.05972
4 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.27139 77.05306
5 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.27861 77.02083
6 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.29750 77.00667
7 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.33806 76.93222
8 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.41250 76.99583
9 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.41889 76.94778
10 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.42722 77.04417
11 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.46500 77.03667
12 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.44083 76.98083
13 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.46753 76.98138
14 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.44500 77.01194
15 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.45889 76.94250
16 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.40715 76.93617
17 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.40500 76.89917
18 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.39972 76.86139
19 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.36500 76.85639
20 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.35750 76.84083
21 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.48194 77.10861
22 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.51306 77.12194
23 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.38972 77.13861
24 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.38222 77.09389
25 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.38194 77.07917
26 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.37167 77.06333
27 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.35472 77.00917
28 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.32333 77.06750
29 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.29944 77.08278
30 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.31417 77.10500
31 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.26778 77.11972
32 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.23194 77.14306
33 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.24778 77.13250
34 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.17722 77.17417
35 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.16389 77.21056
36 Harda Harda Check Dam / RS 22.18972 77.16528
37 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.41825 77.07978
38 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.16056 77.19167
39 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.17611 77.16139
40 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.27139 76.97333
41 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.24722 76.99111
49 | P a g e
 S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long
42 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.34639 76.85194
43 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.35694 76.85944
44 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.34944 76.91861
45 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.33806 76.92472
46 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.33583 76.99639
47 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.33917 77.01639
48 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.28722 77.01194
49 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.25889 77.03000
50 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.27306 77.02417
51 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.26306 77.05028
52 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.24417 77.06806
53 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.30861 77.06333
54 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.31833 77.06472
55 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.32528 77.04083
56 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.28833 77.08333
57 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.23028 77.06472
58 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.22917 77.10583
59 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.27250 77.09250
60 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.21389 77.14361
61 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.24167 77.13028
62 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.16250 77.21917
63 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.31444 77.13972
64 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.31944 77.12889
65 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.29778 77.11972
66 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.31056 77.11139
67 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.27861 77.14833
68 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.38611 77.10611
69 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.38556 77.10000
70 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.38917 77.08000
71 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.38083 77.05806
72 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.35583 77.03250
73 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.35361 77.01917
74 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.38528 77.02472
75 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.35111 77.08139
76 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.40389 77.13528
77 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.38722 76.98611
78 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.41528 77.00167
79 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.41972 76.95306
80 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.42944 76.91056
81 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.42361 76.90139
82 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.40778 76.87556
83 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.45056 77.07639
84 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.46833 77.06583

50 | P a g e
 S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long
85 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.45861 77.03333
86 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.43056 77.11806
87 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.42306 77.09417
88 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.42750 77.08917
89 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.46944 77.11417
90 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.45750 77.11889
91 Harda Harda NB / CP 22.44861 77.14111
92 Harda Harda Percolation Tank 22.42870 77.00974
93 Harda Harda Percolation Tank 22.19139 77.08694
94 Harda Harda Percolation Tank 22.29250 77.01750
95 Harda Harda Percolation Tank 22.33444 77.04111
96 Harda Harda Percolation Tank 22.28861 77.14833
97 Harda Harda Percolation Tank 22.33583 77.11500
98 Harda Harda Percolation Tank 22.39667 76.92556
99 Harda Harda Percolation Tank 22.39500 76.89639
100 Harda Harda Percolation Tank 22.44444 77.09778
101 Harda Harda Percolation Tank 22.47806 77.14306
102 Harda Harda Percolation Tank 22.49556 77.08833
103 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.01778 76.89583
104 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.04917 76.88611
105 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.05750 76.86528
106 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.03694 76.92389
107 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 21.98889 76.99389
108 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 21.99472 76.99861
109 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 21.98667 77.04111
110 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 21.98250 77.07028
111 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.03861 77.06278
112 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.03944 77.07972
113 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.03889 77.02611
114 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.03667 77.03889
115 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.03944 77.02833
116 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.07611 77.00306
117 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.05861 76.97694
118 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.09278 76.93778
119 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.10250 76.91028
120 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.09917 76.98806
121 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.13167 76.96444
122 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.13194 76.89806
123 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.12583 76.97833
124 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.15972 76.94167
125 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.17500 76.94083
126 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.18028 76.94082
127 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.16194 76.87917

51 | P a g e
 S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long
128 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.15139 76.86167
129 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.15167 76.84639
130 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.04444 77.16000
131 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.04917 77.15694
132 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.06722 77.16167
133 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.10167 77.16361
134 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.07472 77.14056
135 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.11833 77.10361
136 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.13944 77.07694
137 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.14750 77.07333
138 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.16500 77.08889
139 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.16000 77.07167
140 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.16972 77.04056
141 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.16194 76.98111
142 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.14861 76.96361
143 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.20167 76.99694
144 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.20944 76.93389
145 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.21750 76.93083
146 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.26694 76.95556
147 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.21250 76.88972
148 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.26000 76.87722
149 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.29333 76.93111
150 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.29583 76.93972
151 Harda Khirkiya Check Dam / RS 22.30889 76.97806
152 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.06306 77.16944
153 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.04139 77.15250
154 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.03389 77.15611
155 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.03972 77.16889
156 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.01222 77.07778
157 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.02861 77.06528
158 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.03722 77.08583
159 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.03722 77.09167
160 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.00917 77.03972
161 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 21.98222 76.99889
162 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 21.98647 76.99062
163 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 21.98472 77.08167
164 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.05306 77.03722
165 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.07778 77.02194
166 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.08500 77.02861
167 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.07750 77.06528
168 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.08861 77.04556
169 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.08722 76.96361
170 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.09389 76.95000

52 | P a g e
 S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long
171 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.08639 76.94444
172 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.04222 76.89861
173 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.06389 76.88278
174 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.01222 76.90111
175 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.00639 76.88444
176 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.01028 76.94611
177 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.02528 76.93167
178 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.10556 76.92278
179 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.13750 76.90194
180 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.12917 76.90444
181 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.15583 76.89028
182 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.16611 76.88472
183 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.17167 76.86194
184 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.18417 76.85056
185 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.14722 76.85194
186 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.17778 76.93417
187 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.16694 76.93750
188 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.15444 76.93472
189 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.14694 76.94111
190 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.20389 76.93361
191 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.21194 76.92722
192 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.21139 76.89444
193 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.20778 76.88556
194 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.23083 76.86250
195 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.24611 76.87389
196 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.25611 76.86889
197 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.22889 76.92111
198 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.24194 76.92917
199 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.25278 76.96444
200 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.24417 76.98187
201 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.30000 76.93444
202 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.30417 76.91111
203 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.30333 76.97861
204 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.13000 76.95917
205 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.16083 77.00472
206 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.16306 76.98750
207 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.14389 77.01750
208 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.15194 76.99028
209 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.12111 77.02472
210 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.13722 76.99361
211 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.07444 77.00556
212 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.09917 76.99139
213 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.11167 77.10444

53 | P a g e
 S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long
214 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.11139 77.08500
215 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.13000 77.07778
216 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.13988 77.06675
217 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.07250 77.13361
218 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.06917 77.14139
219 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.13917 77.09500
220 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.15556 77.08056
221 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.13833 77.12139
222 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.15278 77.09278
223 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.16583 77.09306
224 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.19500 77.00028
225 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.20472 76.97694
226 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.14778 77.04694
227 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.16194 77.04167
228 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.05472 76.98361
229 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.01778 77.00639
230 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.03639 76.92694
231 Harda Khirkiya NB / CP 22.03694 77.02611
232 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.02806 76.85639
233 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.05778 76.85917
234 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.06183 76.93328
235 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.05434 76.94188
236 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.01152 76.98703
237 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.10389 76.90056
238 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.13583 76.96694
239 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.18833 76.94111
240 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.19639 76.94222
241 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.10111 77.01194
242 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.09750 77.02333
243 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.09333 77.03806
244 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.17111 77.06833
245 Harda Khirkiya Percolation Tank 22.29250 76.91889
246 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 21.99806 77.20972
247 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 21.99750 77.22222
248 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.01667 77.24417
249 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.02806 77.27250
250 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.04978 77.25140
251 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.03167 77.24389
252 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.01139 77.32028
253 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.08528 77.20722
254 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.07750 77.29639
255 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.07833 77.27306
256 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.09028 77.28722

54 | P a g e
 S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long
257 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.01833 77.35194
258 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.02250 77.37694
259 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.05028 77.38639
260 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.05250 77.39028
261 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.05528 77.41056
262 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.05194 77.43083
263 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.02667 77.45556
264 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.08278 77.44194
265 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.11028 77.36028
266 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.11972 77.45528
267 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.11806 77.45111
268 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.11167 77.44694
269 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.13556 77.42472
270 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.16444 77.44139
271 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.17472 77.40250
272 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.15939 77.35020
273 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.13111 77.30222
274 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.13722 77.29361
275 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.15528 77.26917
276 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.19444 77.26917
277 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.21111 77.27028
278 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.21028 77.34278
279 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.10806 77.25556
280 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.52556 77.14889
281 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.54028 77.20694
282 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.52778 77.22417
283 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.49861 77.24389
284 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.46861 77.25528
285 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.45389 77.26000
286 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.40472 77.22000
287 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.41194 77.23889
288 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.36333 77.17556
289 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.36750 77.21000
290 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.35917 77.23083
291 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.35750 77.24722
292 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.35361 77.25194
293 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.34972 77.26250
294 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.34222 77.27306
295 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.22500 77.20222
296 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.16944 77.29750
297 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.21528 77.27389
298 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.25583 77.26167
299 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.27972 77.25611

55 | P a g e
 S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long
300 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.29889 77.23750
301 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.28278 77.27639
302 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.29444 77.30806
303 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.26028 77.29694
304 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.26250 77.29111
305 Harda Timarni Check Dam / RS 22.24556 77.17944
306 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.06083 77.30917
307 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.07281 77.30344
308 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.07806 77.29944
309 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.08758 77.29861
310 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.09778 77.29889
311 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.07311 77.27781
312 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.04333 77.28222
313 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.04806 77.26944
314 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.96667 77.25556
315 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.95972 77.25528
316 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.95333 77.23750
317 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.94667 77.24278
318 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.94528 77.21694
319 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.93889 77.21028
320 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.97972 77.19361
321 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.98556 77.18361
322 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.97750 77.17167
323 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.99111 77.22417
324 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.00889 77.24694
325 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.01111 77.25250
326 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.01861 77.27472
327 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.02611 77.29083
328 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.02444 77.28222
329 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.02750 77.24000
330 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.00694 77.18944
331 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.00944 77.31250
332 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.97000 77.29778
333 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.98028 77.28444
334 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.97361 77.27694
335 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.97611 77.33028
336 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.00500 77.31611
337 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.01333 77.34417
338 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.00194 77.35083
339 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.00972 77.35417
340 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.00806 77.37528
341 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.01083 77.37944
342 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.04972 77.34222

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 S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long
343 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.02083 77.39583
344 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.02222 77.38417
345 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.04667 77.38639
346 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.04833 77.39722
347 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.08167 77.34056
348 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.08556 77.35056
349 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.02861 77.46556
350 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.02278 77.46500
351 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.01956 77.43895
352 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.04528 77.43611
353 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.04972 77.44028
354 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.05917 77.42000
355 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.08139 77.40222
356 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.08222 77.38917
357 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.05861 77.46139
358 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.07250 77.44389
359 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.07611 77.45889
360 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.08058 77.44483
361 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.04306 77.49222
362 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.05333 77.49833
363 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.06528 77.49944
364 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.10722 77.34778
365 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.11389 77.46361
366 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.12444 77.46111
367 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.13556 77.46333
368 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.13278 77.43694
369 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.16472 77.46111
370 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.16000 77.44167
371 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.17361 77.40472
372 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.13056 77.34556
373 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.13611 77.35972
374 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.14944 77.34306
375 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.15917 77.34361
376 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.10611 77.27000
377 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.07139 77.23028
378 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.07889 77.21111
379 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.06139 77.19833
380 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.04139 77.20583
381 Harda Timarni NB / CP 21.99000 77.14917
382 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.05278 77.18167
383 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.09333 77.17222
384 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.12833 77.23833
385 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.11889 77.22417

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 S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long
386 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.14222 77.23917
387 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.13806 77.26694
388 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.15250 77.26667
389 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.15361 77.27444
390 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.13333 77.29333
391 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.13056 77.31056
392 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.12361 77.30444
393 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.18944 77.26556
394 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.18944 77.31056
395 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.20500 77.27611
396 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.20278 77.32472
397 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.20250 77.22278
398 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.21389 77.20833
399 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.22361 77.23806
400 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.23083 77.22278
401 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.22333 77.21417
402 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.24000 77.20444
403 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.24583 77.18972
404 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.26361 77.19056
405 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.27778 77.17417
406 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.29000 77.18806
407 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.31361 77.18250
408 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.24722 77.26250
409 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.25278 77.26972
410 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.24111 77.28889
411 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.26194 77.27667
412 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.27583 77.26944
413 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.25667 77.28889
414 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.25583 77.29722
415 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.26083 77.30361
416 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.28028 77.29694
417 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.28139 77.28278
418 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.27583 77.32000
419 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.28917 77.30889
420 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.29333 77.32222
421 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.22917 77.32528
422 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.17083 77.24444
423 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.19861 77.38694
424 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.28167 77.23278
425 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.32917 77.23944
426 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.34306 77.20972
427 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.37222 77.18583
428 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.36944 77.24917

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 S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long
429 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.34222 77.25944
430 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.35972 77.25806
431 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.35472 77.28278
432 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.32111 77.30806
433 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.34056 77.28583
434 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.33333 77.28333
435 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.45472 77.24083
436 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.44722 77.25750
437 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.49361 77.24083
438 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.51611 77.23111
439 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.53194 77.21083
440 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.51833 77.15861
441 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.55917 77.16694
442 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.41722 77.28389
443 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.46889 77.18361
444 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.37056 77.21389
445 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.40083 77.24750
446 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.40167 77.22583
447 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.39778 77.29333
448 Harda Timarni NB / CP 22.31528 77.30000
449 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 21.99572 77.17019
450 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.00806 77.18111
451 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 21.95500 77.25667
452 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 21.91696 77.22407
453 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 21.92461 77.23478
454 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 21.94359 77.24687
455 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.04000 77.35611
456 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.03361 77.35972
457 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.04806 77.35639
458 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.06092 77.37508
459 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.08833 77.37694
460 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.12105 77.38564
461 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.10500 77.39000
462 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.08361 77.26417
463 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.08280 77.24409
464 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.00664 77.16610
465 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.25556 77.16333
466 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.12694 77.41972
467 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.09009 77.43290
468 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.14702 77.40347
469 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.16444 77.36778
470 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.18083 77.28056
471 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.21972 77.27222

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 S.No Dist Block Internvention Lat long
472 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.29056 77.25667
473 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.30250 77.23417
474 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.31667 77.20556
475 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.34250 77.20111
476 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.54444 77.20083
477 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.55722 77.14750
478 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.40722 77.20444
479 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.39750 77.30000
480 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.36333 77.17556
481 Harda Timarni Percolation Tank 22.35917 77.23083

7. Conclusion and Recommendation

On the basis of NAQUIM studied in the area, the following conclusions are drawn. The
studied area occupies an area of 3330 Sq. Km. The district is divided into Six Tehsils such as
Harda, Handia, Timarni, Rehatgaon, Khirkiya, Sirali and three development Blocks, namely
Harda, Timarni and Khirkiya Blocks.

The slope is generally steep at the foothills of Satpura but moderate to gentle towards
Narmada River. The land surface attains a maximum altitude of 734 m above mean sea level at
Kaoti (770 19’30”: 22003’00”), and minimum altitude of 240 m above mean sea level at
confluence of Machak river with the Narmada.

A large number of north westerly flowing tributaries originating from the Satpura join the
Narmada River along the left bank. The area is mainly drained by Narmada River and its
tributaries - namely Ganjal River, Ajnal River, Sukninadi, Midkulnadi, Dedranadi, Machaknadi,
Syaninadi and Kalimachak River.

Harda district is underlain by various geological formations, forming different types of

aquifers in the area. Main geological; units of the area are Archaean, Vindhyan, Deccan traps and
Alluvium.

The pre-monsoon depth to Water levels ranges from a minimum of 2.48 meters below
ground level (mbgl) at Bajania in Timarni block to a maximum of 24.51 m bgl at Temagav
Timarni block of Harda district. About 16% very shallow water levels up to 2-5m bgl have been
recorded in a small patch in part of district. About 50 % of monitoring wells recorded water level
in the range of 5-10 m bgl category, spreading in patches and major pockets in the north-western
and eastern part of area. About 30% of monitoring wells recorded water level in the depth range
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of 10-20 m bgl occurring in broad patches all over the region. Deeper ground water levels ranging
>20 m bgl constituting only about 4% of wells in this category

The post-monsoon depth to Water levels ranges from a minimum of 0.1 meters below
ground level (mbgl) at Tajpura in Timarni block to a maximum of 18.15 m bgl at
TemagavTimarni block of Harda district. About 18% very shallow water levels up to 0-2m bgl
have been recorded in a small patch in part of district. About 30 % of monitoring wells recorded
water level in the range of 2-5 m bgl category, spreading in patches and major pockets in the
north-western and eastern part of area. About 40 % of monitoring wells recorded water level in
the depth range of 5-10 m bgl occurring in broad patches all over the region. Deeper ground water
levels ranging 10-20 m bgl constituting only about 12% of wells in this category

Dynamic ground water resources of the district have been estimated for base year - 2021-22
on block-wise basis. Out of 333000 ha of geographical area, 270090 ha (81%) is ground water
recharge worthy area and 62910 ha (19%) is hilly area. There are three numbers of assessment
units in the district which fall under command (29%) and non-command (71%) categories sub
units. All blocks of the district are categorized as safe blocks, with highest stage of ground water
development of 68.65% in Khirkiya block.

Long term water level trend show declining in the district

Under the prevailing hydrogeological conditions, Aquifer Mapping and Characterization,

the following recommendations are made for the development & management of ground water.

As per the Management plan prepared under NAQUIM of all the Block of Harda District, a
total number of 212 Percolation Tanks, 741 Recharge Shafts/Tube wells and 847 Nala
Bunds/Check Dams and 213 Village pond / Cement Plugs have been proposed and these
structures can recharge 159 MCM.

Financial expenditure is expected to be Rs 168.45 Crores in Harda District for sustainable

development and management of ground water resources.

The number of artificial recharge structure and financial estimation has been proposed
based on the CGWB Master plan 2020. It may be differ from the field condition as well as
changes in dynamic Ground water resources.

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 After the implemented of project interventions in the report, the stage of ground
water extraction is expected to increase by 8 % i.e. from 36 % to 42 % for the Harda district and
additional area for the irrigation will be266.55Sq.Km

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author is grateful to Dr.A.Asokan, Member (North West), Dr.M.Sivakumar Regional

Director, SECR, Chennai and Dr.AK.Biswal , HOO&Ms. Rose Anita Kujur Scientist ‘E’, Central
Ground Water Board, North Central Region, Bhopal and for NAQUIM Study, findings of which were
incorporated in the report, and providing full back up support. Thanks are due to Dr.Arulprakasam,
Scientist ‘D’ for scrutiny of this report. The author also thanks to Mr. Tej Singh ACH, CGWB, North
Central Region Bhopal for his support. The author expresses his thanks to all the Officers and Officials
of NCR Bhopal providing full technical and administrative support and guidance.

*****

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