A

2.303
MATTHEMMATICS
6.4

LB V3a
(0, andthalof Aare (2a, 0). SinceO aand
0)
are
coordinatesof O a).
Clearly Bare(a,/3
coordinatesof
LEVEL-1/ EXERCISE &
pointslie?
following (iii) R(4, 0) (iv) S (0, 5)
avisdothe (ii) Q0-2) coordinatesofthe vertices of thissquare
which
1. On Findthe ADare.along OX and OY
() P(6.0)
ABCD bea
side
the
2a.
squareof originand ABand
originand (respectively
coordinateaxes are parallelto
the sice
2. Let coincides withsquareisatthe
A
() Thecentre ofthe
(i1) andAD respectively. LEVEL-2
AB and PQR' with side 2a Ihes aleny
triangles PQR Find the coordinates of the
equilateral
base PQ of two
mid-point of PQisat the
origin.
yertir
3. The suchthatthe
/-axis triangles.
Rand R'ofthe
y-axis
ANSWERS
y-axis, R on t-axis,S on
(i1) A(a, a), B(-a, a),,C(-a, -a), D(a,-
-axis,Qon
1. Pon 0), C(2a,2a),D(0,2a)
(2a,
2.(i) A(0,0), B
R'(-V3 4,0)
3. R(V34,0), POINTS the line
BETWEEN TWO plane is the length of segnen
DISTANCE
6.3 two points in the
between any
The distance is given by
joiningthem. P(x,y1) and Q(r,,y2)
between twopoints
THEOREM The distance
(V2 -y
PQ=V( - }+ (Difference of
ordinates)?
abscissae) +
PO= (Difference
of
Let P(Iy)and Q(x,, V)bet
axes.
ie.,
XOX ánd YOY be the coordinate OM
PROOF Let Draw PL and draw
the plane. P
given points in on x-axis. From
perpendicular from PandThen,
QM.
PNperpendicular to x,, PL = y, and QM=y,
OL = X,OM =
PN = LM = OM-OL = , - X
and, ON = QM- NM = QM- PL = y -
is a right triangle right angled
at N.
Clearly, APNQ
Therefore, by Pythagoras theorem, we have
Pã' =PN +ON'
M

Fig. 6.6
 oORDINA
TE GEOMETRY
615

BC = V(4 -1) +(1+ 3)

=V9+16 = 5units
CA =V(4+-3) +(1-0) = V49+ 1
AB=BC. Therefore,, AABC is -5/2 units.
AB +Bc? =25 + 25 = isosceles.
(5/2) -CA?
AABC is rightangled at B.
ABC is a right-arngled isosceles triangle.
roÍ AABC = Base
xIHeight)=(AB>BC)=525 sq
EXERCISE 6.2
LEVEL-1
the
Find, distance l between the following pair of points:
1
) (-6,7) and (-1,-5)
Gi) (a +b, b+c) and (a - b, c-b)
(a sin a, -b cos a) and (-a cos a., bsin a)
(iv) (a, 0) and (0, b)
2 Find the value of a when the distance between the points (3, a) and (4,11)is 10.
3If the points (2, 1) and (1,-2) are equidistant from the point (x, v), show that
I+ 3y= 0.
LFind the values of x, yif the distances of the point (x, y) from(-3,0) as well as from(3,0)
are4.
: The length of a line segment is of 10 units and the coordinates of one end-point are
0-3). If the abscissa of the other end is 10, find the ordinate of the other end.
6 Show that the points (-4,-1), (-2, - 4), (4, 0) and (2, 3) are the vertices points of a
[CBSE 2006 C]
rectangle.
of a
1. Showthat the points A (1,- 2), B (3, 6), C(5, 10) and D (3, 2) are the vertices
parallelogram.
vertices of asquare.
8. Prove that the points A(1,7), B(4,2), C(1,-1) and D(4,4) arethe [NCERT]
vertices of aright-angled isosceles
3. Prove that the points (3, 0), (6, 4) and(-1, 3) are [CBSE 2006 C]
triangle.
right angledtriangle. Find the area
10. Prove that (2,-2), (2,1) and (5,2) are the vertices ofa [CBSE 2016]
of the triangle and the length of the hypotenuse.
5a) are the vertices of an equilateral
. Prove that the points (2 a, 4a), (2a, 6a) and (2a + 3a,
triangle.
Prove thatthepoints (2,3), (-4, -6) and (1, 3/2) do not form a
triangle.
ABC right angled at B.
Ihe points A(2,9), B(4,5)and C(5,5) are the vertices of atriangle [NCERTEXEMPLARJ
Find the values of a and hence the area of AABC.
14, Show that the quadrilateral whose vertices are (2, -1), (3, 4), (-2, 3) and (-3, -2) is a
thombus.
15. Two vertices of an isosceles triangle are (2,0) and (2, 5). Find the third vertex if the length
ofthe equal sides is 3.
 CSsure

6l6 MATHEMATICS -X
6)?
16. and(-4,
17. Which point on of the Point
Cquidistant from (5, 9) collinear.
arecoordinatesofthe point Qwhich
18.
Prove that the points
The coordinates Pare (-3, 2).
-axis (-2, 5),(0,1) and (2,
Find
- 3)the

OP= O0.
lies three
20. The on the line suchthat and(-4, 1)?
19. Which
vertices of
joining aPand
parallelogram are(2,
origin from (3,3)4),(3, 8) and (9, 8). Find the fourth.
point on y-axis is equidistant
21. Find a point whichiIs equidistant fromthe points A
(-5,4)and B(-1,6). How many such
vertex. [NCERT EXEMPLARI
22. The centre
points of acircle is (2a,a-7). Findthe values ofaifthecircle passesthrough the point
are there?
23. (11,-9)
Ayush starts walking from10/2
his house
INCERT EXEMPLARI
units.to office. Instead of goingto the office directly, he
and hasc diameter reaches
daughter's school and thenoffice? the office.What
goes to abankfirst, from theretohis in reaching the
is the extra distanc travelled by Ayush house is situated at (2, 4).
(Assume that all
distances covered are in straight lines). If the
coordinates arein kilometers.
bankat (5,8),
school at (13, 14) and officee at(13, 26) and
[NCERT EXEMPLARI
(3, k) and (k, 5).
24. Findthe value of k, jif the point P(0, 2) isequidistant fromn
25. If vertices of an equilateraltriangle, findthe coordinates ofthe
(-4,3)
third and (4,
vertex, given
3) thattwo
are the origin liesin the (i) interior, (ii) exterior ofthe triangle.
NCERT EXEMPLARI
the vertices of a rhombus, Find
26. Show that the points (-3.2),(-5.-5), (2, -3)and (4, 4) are
the area of this rhombus.
vertices are (3. 0)
27. Find the coordinates of the circumcentre of the triangle whose
(-1,-6) and (4,-1). Also, find its circumradius.
(7,6) and(-3,4).
28. Find a point on the x-axis which is equidistant from the points
[CBSE 2005]
29. (i) Show that the points A(5, 6), B (1, 5), C(2, 1) and D(6, 2) are the vertices of a
square. (CBSE 2004)
(ii) Prove that the points A(2,3), B(-2, 2), C(-1, -2),and D (3, -1) are the vertices of
asquare ABCD. [CBSE 2013]
(ii) Name the type of triangle PQR formed by the points P (V2, V2), Q(-2,- N2)
and R(-V6, V6) [NCERT EXEMPLAR)
30. Find the point onx-axis which isequidistant from the points (-2, 5) and (2,-3).
[CBSE 2004])
31. Find the value of xsuch that PQ = QR where the coordinates of P. Q and Rare (6-l),
(1,3) and (x, 8) respectively. [CBSE 2005)
32. Prove that the points(0, 0), (5, 5) and (-5,5) are the vertices of a right isosceles
[CBSEtriange
2005]
33. If the point P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A(5, 1) and B(1, 5), provethat
[CBSE2005]
34. If O(0, 1) is equaidistant from P(5,-3) and R(x, 6), find the values of x. Also, findthe
INCERT|
distances QR andPR. and
35. Tind the values of v for which the -3)
distance between the points P (2,INCERT)
Q10, y) is 10 units.
findthe
36. If the point P(k- 1,2) is 5), 2014/
values of k. equidistant from the points A(3, k)and B(k,ICBSE
 6.17
COOkDIN GEOMETRY

equidistant from the points B(3,p) and C(p,5), find p. Also,

(0. 2)is
37. It the Point A AB. (CBSE 2014]
of
quadrilateraltormed,iif any, by the following
Imd the length points, and give reasons for
38. Nane the
VOUranswers:
C(I, 2),, D3,0)
() A-1, 2), B(1, 0),
C(0, 3), D(-,- 4)
(o1) A3,5), B(3, ),
D(1,2)
) A(4. 5), B(7,6), C(4, 3), [NCERT]
0. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining points
(7,)and(3,5).
[NCERT]
40. Provethatthe points (3, 0), (4, 5), (-1,4) and (-2, -1), taken in order, form arhombus.
Also,find its area.
[NCERT]
41. Intheseating arrangement of desks in aclassroom three students Rohini, Sandhya and
Bina are
seated at A(3,1), B(6,4) and C(8, 6). Do
pointt on y-axis which is youthink they are seated in aline?
. Find a equidistarnt from the points (5, -2) and (-3,2).
Find a relation between x and ysuch that [CBSE 2009]
points(3, 6) and (-3, 4). the point (x, y) is equidistant from the
[NCERT]
4Ifa point A(0, 2) is equidistant from the points B(3,p) and C(p,5),
value of p. then find the
Deve that the ponts (7, 10), (-2, 5) and (3, - (CBSE 2012, 2013]
4) are the vertices of an
triangle. isosceles right
1fthe point P (*, 3) 1S equidistant from the [CBSE 2013]
of x and find the distance AP.
points A(7,-1) and B(6, 8), find the value
-1E A (3, y) is equidistant from points P [CBSE 2014]
find the distance AO. (8,-3) and Q(7,6), find the vaue of y and
1F (0. - 3) and (0, 3) are the two [CBSE 2014]
coordinates of its third vertex. vertices of an equilateral triangle, find the
0If the point P (2, 2) is equidistant from the [CBSE 2014]
points A(-2, k) and B(-2k,-3), find k.
Also, find the length of AP.
A Show that AABC,where A (-2, 0), B (2, 0), C (0, 2) [CBSE 2014]
and APQR,where P(4,0),
0(4,0), R (0, 4) are similar.
[CBSE 2017]
VEL-2
51, An equilateral triangle has two vertices at the points (3, 4) and (-2, 3), find the
coordinates of the third vertex.
52. Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose vertices are (-2, -3), (-1, 0), (7, - 6).
9. Find the angle subtended at the origin by the line segment whose end points are
(0, 100) and (10, 0).
4. Find the centre of the circle passing through (5, - 8), (2, -9) and (2, 1).
5. If two opposite vertices of a square are (5,4) and (1, -6), find the coordinates of its
remaining two vertices.
36. Find the centre of the circle passing through (6, - 6), (3, -7) and (3, 3).
coordinates of other
. IWo opposite vertices of a square are (-1, 2) and (3, 2). Find the
two vertices.
ANSWERS

l. () 13 (iüi) 2/2b (ii) ya +b² (sin a+cosa) (iv) Ja +b 2.4, -2

 6.18
MATHEMATCSy
25sq.units, 5/5
10. 2
4. 1-0,v =t7
5. 3, 9 16.(3, 0) 18. (3, -2)
/11 5
13. a - 2, 2 2)
Area= 6sq. units 15.2
19. (0, - 1) which are solutions of Hhe
20. (9, 4) points
the
21. (-3, 5). Infinite number of Infact all
points.
equation 2r+ y+ 1l =0. 24. 1
22. a=5,3 units
23. 2.4 km 26. 45sq.
25. (i) (0,3 - 4V3) (i) (0,3 + 4/3) 29. (ii)Equilateral
27. (1,-3), V13 units 28. (3, 0)
9
30. (-2, 0) 31. 5, - 3
units 35. y = 3,
V82,9/2
34. X=-4,4; OR = V41 units; PR =
37. p = 1, 10 36. k = 15 (ii) parallelogram
38. (i) Square (i) Not a quadrilateral 41. Yes. 42. (0, -2)
39. x-y =2 40. 24 sq. units 46. x = 2, V41 units
43. 3x +y=5 44. p=1 49. k = -1,-3; AP=5
y =1,AQ = V4l units 48, (3/3.0), (-3V3,0)
47.
1+ V3 7-5/3 1-V3 7+ 5/3 52. (3, -3) 53. 90°
51. 2 2 2
2
1) 56. (3, -2) 57. (1, 0) and (1. 4
54. (2, -4) 55. (8, - 3),and (-2,
6.4 SECTION FORMULAE
the plane of the paper as shown in Fig.6.19 and P be anoin:
Let Aand Bbe two points in such that AP : BP= m:n. Then, we say that the pointD
on the segment joining Aand B :n.
divides segment AB internallyin the ratio m
P

A
Fig.6.19
= m:n, then point Pissaid to divide A)
IfP is apoint on AB produced such that AP :BP
externally inthe ratio m: n P

Fig. 6.20
 628
2x3,2)
MATMA.
So, P dividee ARin the te
odivates att

SinceP3 liss sn the lin is drawntointerserl

4
3
AQ
ksad lhe
EAMPE 20
rstirwiy suh
thal lengn of he lim.
stdes 4R and

0UTON
4T
17bave

4
\CBSE2TA
A(5, 5)
4F 4

41 4
3
4 PE
3
AQ
3
4
4 AQ + QC 30C
= 3 AQ+
4P+ PE
4AQ
PB and
4 4P= 34P + 3 B(1, 5)
AQ = 3QC Fig. 6.35
4P = 3PBand
3
G(9,1)
AP 3 and AQ
PB 1 QC 1 in the same ratio 3:1
respectively
divide AB and AC
P and Q
and Q are
Thus, the coordinates of P 3x9+ 1l x5 3x 1+1x5
1x5 = (2,5) and =(8,2)
3x1+ 1l x5 3x5 + 3+1 3+1
3+1
3+1
8)² + (5- 2)² = /45 3/5 units
PQ= V(2 -
EXERCISE 6.3
LEVEL-1|
the point which divides the line segment joining (-1, 3) and
1. Find the coordinates of 3 :4.
ratio
(4, -7) internally in the
points of trisection of the line segment joining the points:
2. Find the -4), (ii) (2, -2) and (-7, 4). [NCERTI
(i)(5,-6) and (-7, 5), (ü)(3, -2) and (-3, parallelogram formed by
coordinates of the point where the diagonals of the
3. Find the meet.
joining the points (-2,-1), (1, 0), (4,3) and (1, 2) parallelogram.
vertices of a
4. Prove that the points (3, -2), (4, 0), (6,-3) and (5,-5) are the B (8a, 5) in the ratio
1, - 3) and
5. If P(9a - 2,- b) divides the line segment joiningA (3a + [NCERT EXEMPLARJ
3:1, find the values of aand b.
points A (10,-6), B(*, 4) and
6. If (a, b) is the mid-point of the line segment joining the [NCERTEXEMPLAR]
a-2h=18,findthe value ofk and the distance AB.
 6.29

dividos the line segment joining the points

y)
point (2,
value of y. [CBSE 2009)
vhuhthe find the
Lao Also, the veertices of a triangle ABC, find the length of
Id heDmdB(3 )and C(5, ) are
Rl L) this. order divide the line segment joining A(2, p)
throngh A
) in
the median
O0 7), K, S(6, find1, y and p. [CBSE 2015]
Dots P 5equal parts,
0) in and theo middle points of the sides through it be (-2,
and B triangle be (1, )
ofa vertices.
11averlex 2), find the olher
3) and (5.
ratiois the line segment joining
the points (-2, -3) and (3, 7) divided by
what the point of division. [CBSE 2006C]
n
1l () Vais? Also, find the coordinates of
the
whattratio is the line segmentjoining (-3, -l) and (-8, -9)) divided the point
at
(i) In
(5.21/5)2
the mid-point of the line joining (3, 4) and (k, 7) is (x, y) and 2 x+ 2 y+1 =0 find the
12. alueofk. [NCERT EXEMPLARJ
Findthe ratioin which the points
P(3/4, 5/12) divides the line segments joining the
13. B(2, -5).
points A(1/2,3/2) and [CBSE 2015]
Findthe ratio in which
14. (iü) y-axis.
theline segment joining (-2,-3) and(5,6) is divided by (i) x-axis
Also, find the coordinates of the point of division in each case. [CBSE 2013]
Provetthat the points (4, 5), (7, 6), (6,3),
3 (3, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram. Is it a
15.
rectangle.
16. Prove that (4, 3), (6, 4),(5,,6) and(3, 5) are the angular points of asquare.
17. Provethat the points (-4, -1),(-2, --4), (4, 0) and (2,3) are the vertices of arectangle.
1S. Find the lengths of the medians of atriangle whose vertices are A(-1,3), B(1,-1) and
C(5,1).
19 Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the points A(3,-3) and B(-2,7) is
divided by x-axis. Also, find the coordinates of the point of division. [CBSE 2014]
Findthe ratio in which the point P(x, 2) divides the line segment joining the
A(12,5) and B(4,-3). Also, find the value of x. points
[CBSE 2014]
1 Findthe ratio in whichthe point P(-1,y) lying on the line segment joining A(-3, 10)
and B(6,-8) divides it. Also find the value of u. [CBSE 2013]
9 Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is a diameter of the circle whose centre is
(2,-3) and Bis (1, 4). [NCERT]
23. If the points (-2,-1), (1, 0), (x, 3) and (1, y) form a parallelogram, find the values of x
and y.
24. The points A(2,0), B(9,1), C(11,6) and D(4,4) are the vertices of a quadrilateral ABCD.
Determine whether ABCD isa rhombus or not.
25. In what ratio does the point (-4, 6) divide the line segment joining the points A(-6, 10)
and B(3, -8)? [NCERT, CBSE 2017]
26. Find the ratio in which the y-axis divides the lne segment joining the points (5, -6)
and (-1.-4). Also, find the coordinates of the point of division. (CBSE 2010, 2016]
rhombys
27. Show that A(-3, 2), B(-5,-5), C(2, -3) and LDA,4) are the vertices of a
at A(0.-) B (
28. Find thelengths of the medians of aAABC having vertices
C(0, 3). aviny vertices at A(5, 1), B(0 5) nd
29. Find the lenoths of the medians of a A AbC
C(-3, -1).
 6.30

MATHEMAIle.
30. Findthe coordinates of the points which divide the
(4.0)and (0,6)in four equal parts. line
31. Show thatthe mid-point of theline segnentjoiningthe segr n ent
points(0,1(5, )
joining he
mid-point ofthe line segment joiningthe points (8,6) and ,I0) and 0,9
32. Find the distance ofthe point (1, 2) from the mid-point of the
points (6, 8) and (2, 4).
line segrnenttining ho
33. If Aand Bare (1,4) and (5, 2) respectively, find thecoordinatess of Pwhen
34. Show that the points A(1, 0), B(5, 3), C(2, 7) and D(-2. 4) are theAP/BP-
parallelogram.
35. Determinethe ratioin which the point P(m, 6) divides the join of
f vertires
Also, find the value of m.
36. Determine the ratio in which the point (-6, a) divides
A(-4,3) :ard
the join of ICBSE BI2949
2.,3,
|A(CBSE-3,-l)2494,ant
B(-8,9). Also find the value of a.
37. ABCD is arectangle formed by joining the points A(-1, -1),, B(-1, 4),
D5,-1). P, ), Rand Sare the mid-points of sides AB, BC, CD and DA C(5,4 anhed
respectively.Is
quadrilateral PQRS asquare? arectangle? or arhombus? Justify your answer

38. Points P, Q, Rand Sdivide theline segmentjoining the points A(1, 2) andA[NCERT
equal parts. Find the coordinates of thepoints P,Qand R.
39. If Aand Bare two points having coordinates (-2, -2) and (2 -4) respectively, find
B(6,72014|jin3
(CBSE
3
coordinates of Psuch that AP =AB.
7 INCERT, CBSE 2008, 20091
40. Find the coordinates of the points which divide the line segment joining A(-2, 2) an:
B(2, 8) into four equal parts.
LEVEL-2
[NCERT
41. Three consecutive vertices of aparallelogram are (-2,-1), (1, 0) and (4, 3). Find the fourth
vertex.

42. The points (3,-4) and (-6,2) are the extremities of a diagonal of a parallelogram. It the
third vertex is (-1, -3). Find the coordinates of the fourth vertex.
43. If the coordinates of the mid-points of the sides of a triangle are (1, 1),
(3,4), find the vertices of the triangle. (2,-3) and
44. Determine the ratio in which the straight line x -y- 2 = 0
divides the line segment
joining (3,-1) and (8, 9).
45. Three vertices of a parallelogram are (a +b, a - b), (2a + b, 20- b), (a -b, a+b.
the fourth vertex. Fii
46. If two vertices of a parallelogramare (3,2),(-1,0) and the diagonals cut at
other vertices of the parallelogram. (2,-5), ind
47. If the coordinates of the mid-points of the sides of a
(5,7), find its vertices. triangle are (3, 4) (4 6) 2
ICBSE200
48. The linesegment joining the points P(3, 3) and Q(6, -6) is trisected atttthe pointsAani
Bsuch that Ais nearer to P. IfA also lies on the line given by 2r+y+ k=0, find the
value of k. [CBSE200
49. Ifthree consecutive vertices of a parallelogram are (1, 2), (3,6) ard (5, 10), finditsfourt
vertex.
50. If the points A(a, -11), B(5, b), C(2, 15) and D(1, 1) are the vertices ot 1
parallelogram ABCD, find the valuesof aand .
 6.31

1 / / LO)METRY
pointso6 he sides of a triangle be (3, -2), (-3, l) and
mil itst vertices.
Ihe of
oordinates
toodhafesol
points (3 4) and (1, 2) is trisectcted at the
tindthe
joing lhe
2) and (5/3, ) respectively. Find points P and
then
soment Dand O are(p, the values
Ithetoudinatesof
m
8) is trisectedd at
|CBSE 2005)
the points Pand Q. If point
points(2,I ) and (5,-
joiingthe Find the value ofk.
lhe line ine 21 W+k=0. [CBSE 2005]
64 the ABC.
7lieson
and C(1, 4) arethe vertices of A
5)
1(4.2). B(6, from A meetss BCin D. Find the coordinates of the point D.
A Themedian pointPon. AD such that
) thecoordinates
of AP:PD=2:1.
) Findthe coordinates offthe points Qand Ron medians BE and CF respectively such
RE= 2:1
=2:1andCR:
that B): QE observe?
v) What doyou INCERT, CBSE, 2009, 10)
, (6,1), B(8,2), C(9,4) and I D(kp) are the
pointsA vertices parallelograrn
of a
the
<6Ilorder,thenfind the valuessoffkand p. taken
in
P divides the line segment joining the points A
(3, -5) and
56. A
point
B(-4,8) such that
AP
P lieson the line x + y= 0, then find the value of k.
PB 1 .If [CBSE 2012
mid-point Pofthe line segmentjoining the points A(--10,4) and
s7. Thesegmentjoining
line the points C(-9,-4) and D(-4,y). Find the
ratio
B(-2,0) lies on the
in
CD. Also, find the value of y. which P divides
tehe noint C(-1,2) divides internally the lne [CBSE 2014]
segment joning the points A(2,5) and
B(x, ) in the ratio 3:4,find the valueof x2+
59 ABCD is a parallelogram with
[CBSE 2016)
vertices A(x, yi), B(X,/y2) and C(x, U).
ordinates the fourth vertex Din terms of x,X, X3,
of Find the
y1,y and ya.
60. The points A(x, yi), B(X2, y2) and C(r3, y3)
are the vertices of AABc. [NCERTEXEMPLAR]
(i) The median from A meets BC at
D. Find the coordinates of the
(ii) Find the coordinates of the point D.
(ii) Find thepoints of
point P on AD such that AP:PD
=2:1.
coordinates
that BQ: QE =2:1 and CR: RE =2:1.
Qand Ron medians BE and
CF respectivelv such
(iv) What are the
coordinates of the centroid of the triangle ABC?
[NCERTEXEMPLAR]
1. (8/7, -9/7) ANSWERS
2. (i) (1, -7/3), (-3,4/3) (ii) (1, -8/3), (-1, -10/3) (i1) (-1,0).
(42)
3. (1,1) 5. a=1, b=-3 6. k = 22, AB = 2vol
7. 4:1,y=6 8. 5 9. r=4,y =9,p=5
10. (-5,5),(9,3) 11. (i) 2:3 internally; (0, 1) (ii) 2:3 internally
12. k= -15 13. 1:5 14. (0) 2:5|0
13. No 18. AD =5, BE - 10,CF- 5 19. 3:7,(3/2, 0)
 63)

20. 3:5,1
21. 27, 6
22. (3, 10)
MATHEMATIC
23. X 4,y)
24. No
25. 2: 7
28. AT)- 0nits, BI 0units
2units,
29. AD
N37 units, BE 5units, CE- 2/13 units 19 22
30. (3, 1.5),(-2, 3), ( 32.5 units 33. 77)
1,4.5)
35. 3: 2, m= 36. 3:2, a = 5
5

38. P(2, 3),Q(3,4), R(4,5)

41. (1, 2)
39.7
42. (-2, 1)
-20 40.
().0, 5).,
43. (4, 0), (2, 8), (0, - 6)2)
44. 2:3 internally 45. (- b, b) 46. (1, -12), (5, -10)
47. (6, 9), (4, 5), (2, 3) 48. - 8 49. (3, 2)
7
50. a =4, b= 351.A (-2, 0), B(10, -6), C(-4, 2) 52. P=9=0
53. k = -8 55,k=7, p=3 56. 1/2 57. 3:2, y= 6 58. 29
59. (1; +X3 - X,, y1 t y3 -Y2)

60. (1)
2 3 4

(ii)
3

HINT TO THE
39. 3
We have, AP =AB.
7
Also, AP + BP= AB SELECTED PROBLE
3
-AB +BP = AB 4
7 BP = AB
7
Hence, AP: BP=3:4
6.5 SOME
APPLICATIONS OF SECTION
In this section, we shall FORMULA
discuss application of the section
previous section to find the an
coordinates of the
formula learnt mt
COordinates its vertices.
of centroid of a triangle in terns o
THEOREM Prove that the coordinates of the
(I1, y), (I,y) nd (x,,y) are centroid of the triangle whose vertis

3
Also, deduce that the nedians of a (NCERT,CBSE2
triangle are conciurrent
 6.37

DIN

C(a, b)
B(o. b)

X
O(0,0) A(a, 0)

Fig. 6.39

the coordinates of Aand Bare (a, 0) and (0, b) respectively

Therefore,
e OACB is arectangle.
AC= Ob> AC
Thus.we have
OA = aand AC=b
the coordinates of Care (a, b).
a +0 b +0
ThecOordinates of the mid-point of OC are
2 2
a+0 0 + b
Also,the coordinates of the mid-points of AB are
2
Cearly, coordinates of the mid-point of OC and AB are same.
Hence,OCand AB bisect each other.
Also, OC = Na + b' and AB = (a -0 + (0 - b) = ya +b2
OC = AB

LEVEL-1 EXERCISE 6.4

Eindthe centroid of the triangle whosevertices are:
(i) (1, 4), (-1, -1), (3, -2) (ii) (-2, 3),(2, -1), (4, 0)
, Twovertices of a triangle are (1, 2), (3, 5)
and its centroid is at the origin. Find the
coordinates of the third vertex.
: Find the third vertex of a
triangle, if two of its vertices are at (-3, 1)and (0, -2) and
the centroid is at the origin.
4. A(3, 2) and B(-2, 1) are two vertices of a
triangle ABC whose
coordinates (5/3,-1/3). Find the coordinates of the third vertex C centroid G has the
of the triangle.
[CBSE 2004]
5. If (-2, 3), (4, -3) and (4, 5) are the mid-points of the sides of a triangle, find
cOordinates of its centroid. the
LEVEL-2
6. Prove analytically that the line segment joining the middle points of two sides of a
triangle is equalto half of the third side.
 6.38

of the opposite
MATHEMATICe
sides of a

quadrilatera
points and
7. Prove that the lines joining the middle diagonals meet in a point
points of its
and the join of the middle
8. another
If Gbe the centroid of a triiangle ABC and Pbe any other point in the plare,

PB P GA?GRRGC' 3GP
that PA
9. Tf G be the centroid of a triangle
ABC, prove that:
10. InAB Fig. BC
6.40,+CA 3(GA' BOA
a right triangle GB is
GC)given. Cisthe mid-point of the hypteruee y
from the vertices 0, Aand B.
Show that it iIS equidistant

B(0, 2b)

X
X
A(2a, 0)

Y
Fig. 6.40

4 2
2. (- 4, -7) 3. (3, 1)
ANSWE
1. (i) (ii) 33

4. (4, -4) 5.
(2)
6.6 AREAOF A TRIANGLE
In earlier classes, we have computed the area of a triangle by using the formula
1
Area of a triangle = x Base x Altitude
2
In class IX, we have used Heron's formulatofind the area of a triangle when the
of its sides are given. In this section, we will find the area of a triangle in terms
coordinates of its vertices. We can find the lengths of three sides of triang
distance formula and then, we can use the Heron's formula. But, this becomes
particularly when the lengths of the sides are irrational numbers. That is wh,
to compute the area in terms of the coordinates of the vertices Ofthe triang
following theorem, we state and prove the same.
THEOREM The area of atriangle, the coordinates of uhose vertices are (i,Jh
(;, u) is
1
 G
GEOMETRY
7E
RDINA 6.53
1=0and 3r
+y3=0,we get x = 1,y
ecoordinatesof P are (7, 2) or (1,0).
= -0.

Thecoordinatess of A, B, Care (6, 3), (-3, 5)

and (4, 2) respectively and Pis
Showthat tle ratio of the areas of
w.
Wehave,
triangles PBC and ABC is X+y-2
7

PBC
Areaof A |(5x +6 Ay) (3y t 20- 21)
Area ot APBC =,5r+6+4y +3y- 20+ 2xl
1
Area of APBC =7r+
2 7y -14|
7
Area of APBC =|x+y-2|
2

Area of AABC = 2 6+3-2) Replacing xby 6and y=3

in Area of APBC
Area of AABC = 49
2
7
Area of APBC *y-2 |x+y-2|
Area of A ABC 49
7 7
2

EXERCISE 6.5
LEVEL-1
1. Find the area of a triangle whose vertices are
(0) (6,3),(-3,5) and (4,2) (i) (atf,2at,), (atz,
(üi) (a, c+ a), (a, c) and (-a, c - a) 2at,) and (ats,2at,)
) Find the area of the quadrilaterals,the
coordinates of whose vertices are
() (-3,2), (5, 4), (7, -6) and (-5, 4) (iü) (1,2), (6,2), (5,3) and (3, 4)
(üi) (-4,-2), (-3, 5), (3,- 2), (2, 3) [NCERT]
[CBSE 2009]
3. The four vertices of a quadrilateral are (1,2), (-5,6), (7,-4) and (k,-2) takern in order. If the
area of the quadrilateral is zero, find the value of k.
4. The vertices of AABC are (-2, 1), (5,4) and (2, -3) respectively. Find the area of the
triangle and the length of the altitude through A.
5. Show that the following sets of points are collinear.
(a) (2,5), (4, 6) and (8, 8) (b) (1,-1), (2, 1) and (4,5).
6. Find the area of a quadrilateral ABCD, the coordinates of whose varities are A(-3, 2),
B(5,4), C(7,-6) and (-5,-4). [CBSE 2016]
 itisl pr
Trot
6.54 MAIHEMAII
7. Inthe mid-points of the sides AB and AC Tisthe and
0)and
I
(0,
)
respec tively
D(1, ofsideBC ind the area nf
mid point
AABC, the coordinates of vertex Aare (0. 1)

ADEF. the mid points

he
O(3.2) and
8. Find the
area of the triangle T'OR with quadrilate.
ides
through Qbeing (2, -) and (1, 2). vertices OT a
9. If
If P(5,-
10. find A(-3,5),
its
3), Q(4,-6),
area. B(-2,-
SL 2) arethe
R(2,-3) and
).C(1,-8) andD6.3) are the vertices of a quadrilater. ARKO (CRSE PO213PS
find its area.
12. Prove thatvalue
the points (a, b), (a,, b,) and-1) and (11, 4) are
collinear?
(a-a,, b b,) are collinear if ab =a.6.
((CCBSE.BSE. 21420
11. For what of athe point (a, 1),(1,
13. If the vertices of atriangle are (1,-3),(4, p) and (-9,7) and its area is115 sq unis

findthe vaiue(s) of p. (1,-3) and(4,2), provethat

14. If(r, y) be onthelinejoining thetwo points (-3, 4) are
collinear.
15. Find the value of kif f points (k, 3),((6,
-2)
A(7,-2),
and
B(5,1) and C
(3, 2k) are collinear. (CBSE
16. Find the value of k, ifthe points
joining the points 5and
[CBSE
17. If the point P(m, 3) lies onthe line segment
18. find the y)value
ltR(*, of m. on theline segmentjoining the points P(a, b) and Q(b.,a), then po
is a point
that x +y=a+b.
Find the value of k, if the points A (8, 1), B(3, - 4) and C (2, k) are collinear
19.
20. Find the value of a for which the area of the triangle formed by the (CBSE M
A(a, 2a), B(-2,6) and C(3, 1) is 10 square units.
never collinear
21. If a b+ 0, prove that the points (a, a»), (b, b ), (0, 0) are
[CBSE DM
22. The area of atriangle is 5 sq. units. Two of its vertices are at (2, 1) and (3.-)
third vertex is (7/2, y), find y. [CBSE A

LEVEL-2
11
23. Prove that the points (a, 0), (0, b) and (1, 1) are collinear if, +-=1.
a b
24. The point Adivides the join of P (-5, 1) andQ3, 5) in the ratio k:1. Find t
values ofk for which the area of AABC where Bis (1, 5) and C(7,-2) is aqu
2 units.
25. The area of a triangle is 5. Twoof its vertices are (2, 1) and (3, -2). The thrt e
lies on y=X+ 3. Find the third vertex.
26. If a=b* c, prove that the points (4, a), (6, b²),(c,c) can never be colineawal
such
27. Four points A(6, 3), B(-3, 5), C(4, -2) and D(x, 3x) are given in
ADBC 1
find x.
1ABC
 d moleculestake pa
Note

655
8. thtee lie on bhe same line, prove that
ORDINAE V2 0.

paralelogram ABCDi
hd the avea0Ma three of its
10.
and C2, o). vertices are A(2,,4), B(2+ 3,5)
for which the points (3k-
Find the value (s) ofk (CBSE 2013|
0.
are collinear. 1,k- 2),(k,k-7) and
the points A(-1,-4), B(0, c))and (k-1, -k- 2)
i1.If
values of band c. C(5,-1) are collinear and 2h [CBSE 2014)
Ifthepoints A(-2,1), B(a,b):and +c= 4, find the
32.
ofa and b. C(4,-1) are collinear and [CBSE 2014)
Ifthe points A(1, - 2), B a-b= 1,find the values
(2,3), (a,2) and C
[CBSE 2014]
value of. aand height of the
D(-4,-3) form
paralthreelelogram takingof AB as base. par(NCERT
a
(8, 2) and ( C(9,4) are
34. A(6, 1), B al elogram, find the
DC,
mid-point of
find the area
35.IfD(-1/5,5/2), E(7, 3) and
vertices a
of AADE. parallelogram ABCD.EXEMPLAR)
If Eis the
F(7/2,7/2) are the (NCERT EXEMPLAR]
area of AABC
mid-points of sides of AABC,
find the
49 [NCERT EXEMPLAR]
1. () 2 sq.units (ii) a (h -
t)(ty - tg) (t3 -t) ANSWERS
2 (i) 80 sq. units (ii) 7
11 ii)
sq. units (iii) 28 sq.
40
4. 20 sq. units. V58
units 3. k=3
6. 85 sq. units
8. 12 sq. units 7. 4
9. 13 sq. units sq.units,
1. a=5 10. 72 sq. units1sq. unit
13. p = -3,9 15. k 3
2 16. k=2
17. m =-4
19. k=-5
20. a = 0, 13 27
31 3 22. y =
24. k =7 or 2
9 25. (7/2, 13/2) or 11 -3
29. 2V3 sq. units. -3/2,3/2) 27.
8 8
30. k = 0,3
31. b= 3,c =-2
32. a = 1, b = 0 12/2 3
33. Q =-3, h=
34.
V13 4 Sq. units 35. 11 sq units

1. (i) Let Abe the area of the HINTS TO SELECTED

PROBLEMS
triangle formed by the points (at,2at ),(at,, 2at,) andi
(atz, 2at, ). Then,
We have,
at; at; at;
2at, 2at, ' 2at, "' 2at,