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Physics Project

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Physics Project

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sayamsharma035
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© © All Rights Reserved
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BRAHMRISHI BAWRA SHANTI VIDYA PEETH

PHYSICS PROJECT FILE


SESSION-2022-2023
TOPIC: To study the factors on which the
self inductance of a coil depends by
observing the effect of this coil, when put in
series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed
up by an A.C. source of adjustable Frquency
SUBMITTED BY: SAJAL
CLASS:12TH (SCIENCE) ROLL NO:
REPORTED TO: MR. ROHIT SETHI
SIGN OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER: _________
This is to certify that “SAJAL” of class 12th
science, Roll no: has satisfactory
completed his physics investigatory project
as prescribed by the course during the
academic year 2022-2023.

Sign of internal examiner: ___________

Sign of principal: ___________


I would like to sincerely and profusely thank
my physics teacher “Mr. Rohit Sethi (PGT
Physics)” for their able guidance and
support in completing my project.

I would like to extend my gratitude to the


principal “Mr. Ashwini Kumar” for providing
me with all facility that was required.

Sign of candidate: __________


To study the factors on which the Self
Inductance of a coil depends by
observing the effect of this coil, when
put in series with a resistor (bulb) in a
circuit fed up by an A.C. source of
adjustable frequency.
▪ Introduction
▪ Aim
▪ Apparatus Required
▪ Theory
▪ Circuit Diagram
▪ Procedure
▪ Observations
▪ Result
▪ Precautions
▪ Sources of Error
There are four basic factors of
inductor construction determining
the amount of inductance created.
These factors all indicate inductance
by affecting how much magnetic field
flux will develop for a given amount
of magnetic field force (current
through the inductor’s wire coil.
The factors are:-

• NUMBER OF WIRE WRAPS, OR


“TURNS” IN THE COIL.

• COIL AREA.
• COIL LENGTH.
• CORE MATERIAL.
To study the factor on which the Self
Inductance of a coil depends by
observing the effect of this coil, when
put in series with a resistor (bulb) in a
circuit fed up by an A.C. source of
adjustable frequency.
A coil of large turns, A.C. source of
adjustable frequency, an electric bulb,
(6 V) A.C. ammeter of suitable range,
rheostat, a soft iron rod, one way key,
connecting wires etc.
Self-Inductance is the property of a coil
which opposes the change in current
through it. The Self Inductance of a coil
(long solenoid) is
L =μ0μr N2 A

Where μr= Relative magnetic


permeability of magnetic material,
μr = μμμ°
▪ N= Total number of turns in
solenoid
▪ A= Area of cross section of solenoid
▪ l= Length of solenoid
Hence, the Self Inductance depends
upon
• No. of turns (N), L α N2
• Geometry of coil, L=A , L α 1/l
• Nature of core material, L= μ

When an inductor is connected in


series with a resistor (bulb) with a
variable source of frequency, then
current flowing in the bulb is

I rms=E rms
Z
Where Z= (R2 + ω2L2)½=Impedance of
the A.C. Circuit
R= Resistance of bulb
L= Self Inductance of coil
ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of
A.C. source.

The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat


generated in bulb is
H= I2rmsZt
The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat
generated in bulb is
H= I2rmsZt
Or,
P=H/t= I2rmsZ
P= I2rms(R2 + ω2L2
▪ Make all connections as shown in
circuit diagram.
▪ Switch on the A.C. supply and adjust
the constant current in the circuit
by using the variable resistor (R1)
(let frequency of source is 60 Hz
and voltage is 6V).
▪ Record the current in A.C. ammeter
and see the brightness of bulb.
▪ Now, put the soft iron rod inside the
inductor core and record the
current in A.C. ammeter and again
check the brightness of bulb. The
current and brightness both
decreases.
▪ Now, switch off the supply and
decrease the frequency of A.C.
source (say 50 Hz).
▪ Again, switch on the supply and
adjust the current in circuit at same
constant voltage 6V by using the
rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter and brightness of bulb.
The current and brightness both
will increases.
▪ Again, insert the iron in the core of
coil and note the current and
brightness. The current and
brightness both decreases.
▪ Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for
different frequency of A.C. source
(say 40 Hz,30 Hz and 20 Hz).
Fig 1.1: Experimental setup of experiment.
▪ Least Count Error= 0 A.
▪ Zero error of ammeter =0 A.
▪ Range of ammeter = 0-5 A.

S Frequency Current Current


No. of applied in in
voltage(Hz) ammeter ammeter
without with iron
iron rod rod in
in coil coil (A)
(A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
• The current in the circuit decrease
on inserting the iron rod in the core
of coil at constant frequency of
applied voltage and brightness of
bulb decreases and vice-versa.
• The current in the circuit increases
on decreasing the frequency of
applied voltage and vice-versa.
Therefore, the brightness of bulb
increases.
• The coil should have large number
of turns.
• Current should be passed for a
small time to avoid the heating
effect.
• There should not be parallax in
taking the reading of ammeter.
• The resistance of circuit may
increase slightly due to heating
effect of current.
• There may be eddy current in soft
iron coil.
1. NCERT TEXTBOOK CLASS 12TH.
2. NCERT PHYSICS LAB MANUAL.
3. WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
4. WWW.DOCUMENTS.MX

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