M-1

Exercise - 1
Concept Building Questions

Problem based on method of intervals (wavy curve method)

1. Find the solution-set of the inequation

x2 + 6x – 27 > 0, x  R.

2. Solve in R: 2x2 – 3x + 1 ≤ 0.

3. Prove that 2x2 – 6x + 9 is positive for all real x.

4. If 6 + 10 x – 2x2 ≤ k, a constant, for all x  R then find the minimum value of k.

5. Find all real values of x which satisfy

x2 – 3x + 2 > 0 and x2 – 3x – 4 ≤ 0.

6. Solve in the set of integers:

5x – 1 < (x + 1)2 < 7x – 3.

7. Find the set of all real values of a such that a2 + 2a, 2a + 3 and a2 + 3a + 8 are the sides of a triangle.

8. Solve (x2 – 4x + 3) (x – 2)2 < 0, x  R.

9. Solve (x + 3)4 + (x – 1)4  82, x  R.

10. Prove that 1 – x + 2x2 – x3 + x4 > 0 for all x  R.

4 2
11. Solve in R:  < 1.
1 x 1 x

12. Solve in R :
 x  1 x  2  > 1.
x 5

8x 2  16x  51
13. Solve < 3, x  R.
 2x  3 x  4 

x 2  2x  3
14. Solve in R: < 0.
x2  1

10x
15. Solve in R: ≤ 1.
x2  9

16. Let y =
 x  1 x  5
.
x3

Find all x  R for which y is a real function of x.

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2x  3
1
17. Solve 2
 .
x  x  12 2

18. Find the smallest integer x such that

x 5
2
 0.
x  5x  14

19. Solve 2x + 21 – x – 3 < 0.

x 4
1
20. Solve (0.5) 2 – 3x
< (2 )   
x x

4

Solve the inequalities.

21. (x – 1)2 (2x2 + 3x + 1) (3x – 1)4 (x + 5)5 ≤ 0

22.
2

x  x  1 x 2  7x  10  2x  1  2

0
 x  15  2x  3 2

1
23. 1
 x  1 3  x 

 x  1 x  2  x  3
24. 0
x 3
 6x 2  11x  6 
Problem based on absolute value/modulus function.

25. Solve |3x – 1| = 2x, x  R.

26. Solve |x + 4| = 3x – 2, x  R.

27. Solve |x2 + x| – 5 = 0 for real x.

28. Solve |x2 – 2x – 8| = 2x, x  R.

29. Solve |x2 – x – 6| = x + 2, x  R.

30. Solve |x2 + x + 1| = 3, x  R.

31. Solve 2|x + 1|2 – |x + 1| = 3, x  R.

32. Solve 2|x + 1| + |x – 3| = 4, x  R.

33. Solve |x| + 2 |x – 1| – 3 |x – 2| = 4, x  R.

34. Solve 2 |3 – x| + 3 | x – 1| = 4, x  R.

35. Solve |2x + 1| – 2 |x – 2| = 5, x  R.

36. Solve |x2 – x| + |x + 1| = 5, x  R.

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37. Solve | x2 + x + 1| + |2x – 3| = 4x, x  R.

38. Solve | 2x – 1| + |2x + 1| = 2, x  R.

39. Solve |2x + 1 –1| + |2x + 1 + 1| = 2|x + 1|.

x2  x 2
40. Solve (a) x 1

(b) 2|y| – |2y – 1 – 1| = 2y – 1 + 1

41. Solve (x2 – 3x – 3)|x + 1| = 1

42. Solve 2|x + 2| – |2x + 1 – 1| = 2x + 1 + 1.

Problem based on exponent function.

3 x 2
43. Solve 125x  2  24 3   .

x 5 x 17
1
44. Solve 32 7
x   128 x 3 .
4

45. Solve 5x 1  51 x  26.

46. Solve 9 x  78  32x 3.

2x 2x
47. Solve 16cos  16sin  10.

x x 10
48. Solve 35  3 10  84.

49. Solve in R: 2x + (0.5)2x – 3 – 6 (0.5)x = 1.

50. Solve 6 2x  4  33x  2 x  8.

1 1
x x
51. Solve 4x  3 2 3 2  22x 1.

52. Solve 7  3x 1  5x  3  3x 1  5x  2.

x
53. Solve 3x  8 x  2  6.

   
x x
54. Solve 3 2 3 2 = 10.

   
x x
55. Solve 3 2 2  32 2  6.

x 2  2x 1 x 2  2x 1
56. 
Solve 2  3   2 3  
2
2 3
.

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x
57. Solve 52  2x  1.

   
x x
58. Solve 2 1  2 1  6x / 2.

Problem based on logarithmic function

59. 
Solve log5 x x 2  2x  65  2. 
60. Solve log 4 8  log 4  x  3  log4  x  1  2.

61. Solve log 7 log5  x  5  x  0. 

62. 
Solve log 3 3x  8  2  x. 
63.  
Solve log 2 25x 3  1  2  log 2 5x 3  1 .  
64.  
Solve log 2 4  3x  6  log 2 9x  6  1.  
65. 
Solve log 4 2  4x 2  1  4  2x. 
 1  1
66. Solve log5  5 x  125   log 5 6  1  .
  2x
 

67.  
Solve x  log10 2x  1  log10 6  x log10 5.

68. Solve in R: 1  2log x 2 5  log5  x  2 .

69. Solve log1x  3  x   log3x 1  x  .

70.  
Solve log12x 6x 2  5x  1  log13x 4x 2  4x  1  2.  
71.  
Solve log x 1 x 3  9x  8  log x 1  x  1  3.

72. Solve 6  log x 2  log 4 x   7  0.

73. Solve 3log x 4  2log 4x 4  3log16x 4  0.

74. Solve log10 log10 x  log x.

x2

75. Solve 7 log x  98  x log 7 .

76. Solve 4log x  32  x log 4 .

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77. 4 log 2 (2x)  36.

Problem based on inequation

78. Solve 2 |x + 1| > x + 4.

79. Find the greatest and the least values of x for which x2 – 5 |x| + 6 ≤ 0 holds.

y3 y3
80. Solve in R: < 2 or solve in R: –2 < < 2.
y 1 y 1

x 2  3x  1
81. Solve < 3.
x2  x  1

x2 1
82. Solve < 1.
x2  x 1

x 2  5x  4
83. Solve ≤ 1.
x2  4

x 1
84. Solve  1.
x2

x 3
85. Solve 2
 2.
x  5x  6

x 2  6x  7
86. Solve  0.
x4

87. 
Solve in R: log3 2x 2  6x  5  1. 
88. 
Solve log10 x 2  2x  2  0. 
89. 
Solve log x 2 3x 2  x  1  0. 
 3
90. Solve for x  R: log x  2x    2.
 4

91. Solve log

x 2 1
 x  1  1.

92. Solve log

9x 2
 6  2x  x   0.5.
2

93. Solve log x 2  log 2x 2  log 2 4x  1.

x4
94. Solve log 2  1.
2x  5

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 x2  x 
95. Solve log 0.2 log 6  2  0.
 x  1 
 

96. Solve

log 2 4x 2  x  1   1.

log 2 x 2  1 
2
log x  log10 x3 1
97. Solve x  10   1000.

98. Solve 2 x  2|x|  2 2.

99. Solve x  1  2  4.

100. Solve x  1  1  3.

101. 
Solve log|x 6| 2  log 2 x 2  x  2  1. 
102. Solve log3 x  log3 x  3  0.

x 2  x 2
103. Solve x  1.

104. Solve  x  1 x 2  x  2  0.

x2  x  1
105. Solve in R:  0 and x  2.
 x  1 x  1

106. Solve x  1  x  4.

107. log3 (x – 1) < log09 (x – 1); solve for x.

108. Relate x, y, z if x = log2k (k), y = log3k (2k), z = log4k (3k)

109. Solve for a, k if logk (a). log5 (k). logk 25 = 2

110. If log10 3 = 0.4771, find the number of zeros after the decimal in 3–100.

111. If 4log10 4  9log3 9  10log 4 83 , then find x.

1
log1/ 5  
2  4   1 
112. Simplify 5  log 2    log1/ 2  
 7 3  10  2 21 

113. If loge log5  2x  2  3 = 0, then find the value of x.

log 2 24 log 2 192

114. Prove that  =3
log96 2 log12 2

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log a b log b a
115. Prove that a b =0

log10  x  3 1
116. Solve for x 

log10 x  21 2
 2

117. Show that 8 loga x3 . logb y3 . logc z3 = 27 where a = y2, b = z2, c = x2

118. Find the least value of the expression

2 log10 x – logx 0.01 ; where x > 0, x ≠ 1.

1 1
119. Solve : 
log 4  x  1 /  x  2  log 4  x  3

120. Which is smaller 2 or (logπ 2 + log2 π) ?

121. Express log4 a + log8 (a)1/3 + [1/loga 8] as a logarithm to the base 2.

122. Prove the identity

log a N.log b N.log c N

loga N. logb N + logb N. logc N + logc N. loga N =
log abc N

123. Solve the system of the equation (ax)log a = (by)log b ; blog x = alog y a > 0, b > 0 and a ≠ b, ab ≠ 1.

124. Find x satisfying the equation

 4  4  2 2 
log 2  1    log 2  1    2log   1
 x  x 4  x 1 

1 1
125. Without using the tables prove that  >2
log3  log 4 

126. Solve : log[(x + 6)/3] [log2 {(x – 1)/(2+x)}] > 0

127. Which is greater : log3 (5) or log17 (25)?

128. Solve (x)

  2
log3 x 2  log3  x   10

1
x2

129. Arrange in ascending order

log2 (x), log3 (x), loge (x), log10 (x). If (i) x > 1 (ii) 0 < x < 1

130. Solve (i) log 2 sin x 1  cos x   2


(ii) log5 x 2  11x  43  2 
 8kx 
131. Solve logπ (15k2 + x2) – logπ (k – 2) = logπ   ; one root is x = 15
k2

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132. Solve (i) log4 (14 + log6 (x2 – 64) ≤ 2

(ii) log2 (9 – 2x) ≤ 10log10 (3 – x)

(iii) log2 (3 – x) + log2 (1 – x) ≤ 3

 2x  3 
(iv) loga    0 for (i) a > 1 (ii) 0 < a < 1
 x 

133. (i) Solve 1 + log2 (x – 1) ≤ logx – 1 4

(ii) log5x + 4 (x2) ≤ log5x + 4 (2x + 3)

134. Solve 2 loge 2 + loge (2x2 – 6x + 5) = 2 loge (2x – 5)

135. Solve (i) logx (3). Log3x (3) = log9x (3)

(ii) Find least value of log2 (x) – logx (.125) for x > 1

136. Solve logx 2 log2x 2. log2 4x > 1

17
137. Solve log4 (log3 x) + log1/4 (log1/3 y) = 0 and x2 + y2 =
4

138. If it is known that x = 9 is a root of the equation

 8ax 
logx (x2 + 15a2) – logx (a – 2) = logx   , show that the other root is 15.
a2

139. Show that the sum of the roots of the equation

x + 1 = 2 log2 (2x + 3) – 2 log4 (1980 – 2–x) is log2 11.

 1  1  1
140. If log2  1   + log2 1   + log2 +  1   = 2, where a, b, c are three different positive integers, then
 a  b  c

show that loge (a + b + c) = loge a + loge b + loge c or prove that a = 1, b = 2, c = 3.

1/ 5 1/ 5
x a
log   ax   log a  ax 
1/ 5 1/ 5
141. Solve  log a    log x   a
a x

142. It is known that x = 9 is root of the equation

 
log  x 2  15a 2  log   a  2   log 
8ax
a2
.

Find the other roots of this equation.

x  y  2 3

 
143. Solve the system  2
 1  2log xy log (x  y) xy  1

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144. Solve the system of equations

 ax loge a   by loge y ; bloge x  a loge y

where a > 0, b > 0 and a ≠ b, ab ≠ 1.

Exercise - 2
Single choice correct with multiple options

1. If xn > xn – 1 > … > x2 > x1 > 1, then the value of log x1 log x 2 log x 3 ... log x n x nx n 1

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) none of these

2. If log7 2 = a then log49 28 is equal to

1  2a 1  2a 1  2a
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
4 2 3

3. The number of real values of the parameter k for which (log16 x)2 – log16 x+ log16 k = 0 with real

coefficients will have exactly one solution is

(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) none of these

4. The solution set of inequality log10 (x2 – 16) ≤ log10 (4x – 11)

(A) (3, 5] (B) (4, 5] (C) (6, 5] (D) none of these

5. If log10 2 = 0.3010, log10 3 = 0.4771, then the number of integers in 5200 are

(A) 120 (B) 145 (C) 160 (D) none of these

6. If (log3 a) (loga x) = 5, then x equals to :

(A) 3a (B) 243 (C) 15 (D) 125

7. If x log3 a = y log9 a, then the value of x is :

1
(A) 2y (B) y (C) y (D) none of these
2

8. The value of log 75 + log 28 – log 21 is :

(A) log 81 (B) log 20 (C) 2 (D) none of these

9. The value of log (0.001) is :

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) –3 (D) –4

10. If log4 (x2 + x) – log4 (x + 1) = 2 then the value of x is :

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 16

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11. For 0 < a < x, then the minimum value of the function loga x + loga a is :

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8

12. The relation lnx + ln (1 + x) = 0 means :

(A) x2 + x – 1 = 0 (B) x2 + x + 1 = 0 (C) x2 + x – e = 0 (D) x2 + x + e = 0

13. If ax = b, by = c, cz = a then the value of xyz is :

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

14. For x > 1 the least value of the expression 2 log10x – logx (0.01) is :

(A) 10 (B) –0.01 (C) 2 (D) none of these

15. If log 2, log (2x – 1), log (2x + 3) are three consecutive terms of an A.P., then the value of x is :

(A) log2 5 (B) 0 (C) log5 2 (D) none of these

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ANSWER KEY
Exercise – 1
1  37
1. (– , –9)  (3, ) 2.  2 ,1 4.
  2
5. [1,1)  (2, 4] 6. 3 7. (5, + )
8. (1, 2)  (2, 3) 9.  , 2  0,    11. (– , –1)  (1, + )

12.  5,2  7    2  7,    13.  4, 3  

3 5
, 
 2 2
14. (–3, 1)

15.  ,1  9,    16.  1,3  5,   

17.  , 4    1,3  6,    18. –6 19. (0, 1)
 1   1 
20. (– , –1)  (6, + ) 21. x  (, 5]   1    ,1
 2  3 
1  3
22. x  (, 0]  (1, 2]  [5, )       23. x  (,1)  (3, )  2
2 2
1
24. x   , 3   2, 1  1, 2  3,   25. ,1 26. 3
5

27.
1  21
2
28. 
2 2,2 1  3  29. 2, 2, 4
1 5
30. 1, –2 31. , 32. –1
2 2
33.  2,    34. 1 35.  2,   
36. 1– 7,2 37. 2, 1 38. x≤0
39. –2
40. (a) 1, –1, 2 (b) y  1, y = –1
13
41. 4, –1 42.  3   1,    43. 1,
3
1
44. 10 45. 1, –1 46.
2
 2  5 17  1
47. 2n  ,2n  , 2n  , 2n  48. 20 49. 1,log 2
3 3 6 6 2
50
3 log
50. 4 51. 52. 9
2 3
log
5
53. 1, – 2 – 2log34 54. 2, –2 55. 2, –2 56. 0, 2
57. 2 58. 2 59. –5 60. 5
61. 4 62. 2 63. –2 64. 1
1 1 9
65. 2 66. , 67. 1 68. 23, 
2 4 5
1
69. 2– 2 70. 71. 3 72. 8, 2–2/3
4
1 1
73. , 74. 10–10 75. 100 76. 100
2 8
77. 3 78.   , 2    2,    79. 3 and –3 respectively

  , 5    
1 1
80. , 81.  , 2   1,    82.  2,     0,   
3   2

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 8 5 
  , 2      3 
1
83. 0, 5    2 ,    84. , 85.  2 ,2
     2   
86. (–7, –4)  (– 4, 1) 87.  , 4   1,    88.   
1,1  3  1  3,3

89. (3, + ) 90.
3 1  3
 ,    1, 
8 2  2
91. 1, 2    2,  
92. 1   1   1
7, 1    , 0    0,    2,1  7
 3   3
 93.
 1 1
 2 ,   1, 2
2 2 
2

 14   2 
94.   ,    4,    95.  , 1 96.   ,   1,   
 3   3 

97. 1000,    98.   ,log  2  1 

2 1    ,   
 2 
99. [–1, 3] 100.  , 3  5,   
101.  , 7    5, 2   4,    102. 3, 3/ 2
,  103. (1, 2)
 3 
104. [2, + ) 105. [–2, –1)  (1, 2] 106.   ,   
 2 
107. x  (2, ) 108. xyz + 1 = 2yz 109. a = k, k > 0, k ≠ 1
110. 47 111. x = 10 112. 6
113. x=3 116. x = 5 118. 4
17
119. (–1, ) 120. 2 121. .log 2 a
18
1 1
123. x  and y  124. x  2 or 6 126. (–6, –5)  (–3, –2)
a b
1
127. log3 5 128. x = 9,
81
129. (i) log10 x < log3 x < loge x < log2 x
(ii) log2 x < loge x < log3 x < log10 x
130. (i) π/3 (ii) x  (2, 9) 131. k = 3, 5
132. (i) x  [– 10, – 8)  (8, 10] (ii) x  (– , 0]
(iii) x  [–1, 1) (iv) (i) x  (– , –3]  (0, ) (ii) x  (–3, 0)
3   3   3 
133. (i) x   ,2 (ii) x    , 1    ,3
2   2   5 
134. No solution
135. (i) x  3 2
(ii) 2 3
5 2
136. x 2   2
 
,1/ 2  1, 2 2
 137. x = 2 or 1/2 141. x
 a 
 a 4 

3 3 
142. 15 for a = 3 143.   3,  3  144. x = y = 1/a
2 2 
Exercise – 2xercise -2
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (D) 6. (B) 7. (C)
8. (C) 9. (C) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (A) 13. (B) 14. (D)
15. (A)

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