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I) Explain The Fixed Voltage Regulator and Its Applications. (May 2019)

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11 views

I) Explain The Fixed Voltage Regulator and Its Applications. (May 2019)

Uploaded by

apollo97890
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. i) Explain the Fixed voltage regulator and its applications.

(May 2019)
ii) Design a regulator using IC 723 to meet the following specifications. V0=5V,
I0=100mA,Vin=15+ 20%; Isc=150mA Vsense=0.7V. (Nov 2014) (ii) With a neat diagram
explain the working of step down switching regulators. (Nov 2014) (Probable Part C)
3. i)Draw and explain the functional block diagram of 723 general purpose regulator. (or) Elaborate
with neat diagram, the working of IC 723 as low voltage and high voltage regulators. (Nov/Dec 2019)
(Nov 2013) ii)Design an adjustable voltage regulator (3V to 28V) with a short circuit limit of 60mA
using a 723 regulator. (Probable Part C)
Functional block diagram IC 723 regulator:
4. a) Explain the working of series voltage regulator. (May 2016, Nov 2016, Dec 2018)

The series voltage regulator format or as it is sometimes called the series pass regulator is the
most commonly used format for providing the final voltage regulation in a linear voltage
regulator circuit.
As the name suggests, the series voltage regulator or series pass voltage regulator operates by
using a variable element in series with the load.
In this way a series voltage regulator provides an effective form of voltage regulation within
a linear power supply.
Series voltage regulator basics
The series voltage regulator or series pass voltage regulator uses a variable element placed in
series with the load. By changing the resistance of the series element, the voltage dropped
across it can be varied to ensure that the voltage across the load remains constant.
The advantage of the series voltage regulator is that the amount of current drawn is
effectively that used by the load, although some will be consumed by any circuitry associated
with the regulator. Unlike the shunt regulator, the series regulator does not draw the full
current even when the load does not require any current. As a result the series regulator is
considerably more efficient.

Series pass regulator with feedback

In order to provide improved levels of performance it is possible to add a more sophisticated


feedback network into the regulator circuit.
Using feedback within a voltage regulator enables the output to be sampled, and compared
with a stable reference voltage. The error is then used to correct the output voltage. In this
way, a far higher level of performance can be obtained in terms of the required output voltage
as well as ripple and spikes.

Series pass voltage regulator with feedback

It is possible to use a simple two transistor circuit for a series pass regulator with voltage
sensing and feedback. Although it is quite straightforward to use an operational amplifier,
which will provide higher levels of feedback, and hence better regulation, this two transistor
circuit illustrates the principles well.

b) Draw and explain the following protection circuits: (i) Short circuit protection (ii) Fold back current
limiting.
5. Explain the working principle of switched mode power supply.(Nov 2014, May 2017, Dec 2017)
(Dec 2018) (May 2019) (Nov 2020)(May 2021)

The SMPS provide electrical isolation between input and output


• This isolation can be provided by transformers in SMPS
• Input is AC and Output is regulated DC
• The bridge rectifier and capacitor filters are connected to the AC mains.
• Two transistors drive the primary of the main transformer
• Secondary is centre-tapped and full wave rectification is achieved by diodes D1 & D2.
• Two stage LC filters the unidirectional wave to produce regulated DC output voltage
• The regulated DC serves as a power supply for all other circuits
• The regulation is achieved by Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) and steering logic circuit
• Output voltage is sampled by voltage divider R1 and R2
• steering logic circuit controls the alternative on and off of the two transistors
Advantages of SMPS:

 Better efficiency than linear regulated power supply


 Very high frequency signals can be applied
 The transistors in SMPS consume negligibly small power.
 High operating frequency used for the switching transistors allows the use of
small transformers, capacitors and inductors.
 This allows a decrease in size and cost.
Disadvantages of SMPS:

 The rectifiers, capacitors and switching transistors must be able to withstand the
peak line voltage.
 The resistor Rt must be provided to prevent the uncharged capacitors from
shorting out the line.
 SMPS is more complex and requires external components like inductors,
transformers and capacitors.
 It is slow in responding to transient load changes.
 May cause electromagnetic and radiofrequency interference.

6. Draw schematic of function generator IC 8038 and explain its functions. (Nov 2013,
May 2016, Nov 2016, May 2017, Dec 2017)

Explain the working principle of IC 8038 function generator. (April/May 2015)


7. Discuss with neat diagram, the working of IC7805 regulator as (Nov 2019)
i. Current Source
ii. Boosting Regulator output current
iii. IC7805 regulator as current source
10) Describe the operation and applications of astable multivibrator using IC555. (May
2016)
11) List the important features of the 555 timer . Draw and explain the functional block
diagram of IC 555 timer. (Nov 2013, May 2017)(Nov/Dec 2019) May 2019)
The 555 is a monolithic timing circuit that can produce accurate & highly stable time
delays or oscillation. The timer basically operates in one of two modes: either (i)
Monostable (one - shot) multivibrator or (ii) Astable (free running) multivibrator The
important features of the 555 timer are these: (i) It operates on +5V to +18 V supply
voltages (ii) It has an adjustable duty cycle (iii) Timing is from microseconds to hours (iv)
It has a current o/p.

12) Describe any two application of IC555 timer when it is working in monostable mode.
(Nov 2013) (Nov 2020)(May 2021)
13) (i) For the VCO circuit, assume R2 = 2.2 KΩ, R1 = R3=15KΩ and C1 = 0.001µF.
Assume V∞ = 12V.Determine the output frequency, the change in output frequency if
modulating input Vc is varied from 7V to 8V. (Nov 2014) (Probable Part C) (ii) For a 555
astable circuit, determine the high state time interval, low state time interval period,
frequency and duty cycle. (Nov 2014) (Probable Part C) (iii) Design and draw the
waveform of a 1kHz square wave generator using 555 timer for a duty cycle of 50%. (May
2016) (Probable Part C)
14) With necessary diagrams, illustrate the operation of Voltage Controlled Oscillator
(VCO). Derive the expression for voltage to frequency conversion factor of VCO with its
block diagram and explain one of its applications. (Nov 2016) (Nov 2013, Nov 2016, Dec
2017, Dec 2018, May 2019)(Nov 2020)(May 2021) and detail any two applications
15) Explain the working of PLL using appropriate block diagram and explain any
application of the same. (May 2016, Nov 2016)(Nov/Dec 2019) (May 2017)
Applications:
• Frequency multiplication/division
• Frequency translation
• FM demodulation
• AM detection
• FSK demodulator
Frequency multiplication/division

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