International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING DYNAMIC VOLTAGE

RESTORER (DVR)
Mehraj Ud Din Wani1, Preeti Khurana2
1M.Tech Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Lovely professional University, Punjab, India
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Abstract – In the present time quality of power is considered as one of the major burden. It becomes essential with the
addition of advanced equipment’s whose achievement is very conscious to power quality. Market competition and descending
benefits has made it suitable for companies to become aware of good quality of power. This is only possible by protection so
that continuous flow of power is continued at suitable voltage levels. To ensure high power quality supply to their customer’s
electric services are looking for solutions. Dynamic Voltage Restorer seems to be an especially better solution in the present
scheme controller. Power quality issues occur due to abnormal voltage, current or frequency, due to which failure occurs in
end use equipment’s. Dynamic Voltage Restorer is one of the devices which are most adequate power custom device used in
power distribution networks. Due to its small size, lesser cost, it includes fast dynamic response. This paper presents modeling,
analysis, and simulation of DVR in MATLAB/SIMULINK, which includes PI controller and discrete PWM generator for control
purpose of DVR.

Key words: Power Quality, DVR, PWM, PI Controller, FACTS

1. INTRODUCTION
Both customers and electric organizations are worried about the electric power quality. Power quality term is one of the
most plentiful slang in the electrical companies since 1980s. It is a concept of particular types of power system disorders.
These problems falls under this idea are not new. New is that engineers are now system approach instead of handling
them as independent issues. New generation load apparatus are main concerns. Power electronic and microprocessor
based devices are more sensitive to power quality variations than the equipment’s which were used in past. Rise in
application of devices such as shunt capacitors are used for power factor correction so that losses reduce and hence high
efficiency in adjustable speed motor drives. This results rise in harmonics on power systems. So any power issues exhibit
in voltage, frequency, or current deviations that result in breakdown or disoperation of the consumer apparatus can be
classified into power quality problem[1].In order to deliver pure and clean power i.e. pure sinusoidal voltage waveform,
FACTS devices are used. Many FACTS devices are being used in electrical network, some of them are, Static Synchronous
Series Compensator (SSSC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC),
Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) etc. In actual process FACTS apparatus were designed for the transmission system
and it can be used in distribution system also, named as Custom Power Devices. Some commonly used Custom Power
Devices are: Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM), and Active
Filter (AF) etc. With the help of these devices the quality problems are improved to great extents. Due to its fast response,
DVR is considered as one of the most effective and efficient power custom devices [2].distribution systems has lots of
power quality issues e.g. swell, sag, transients, etc. but voltage sag is the serious disorder which is mainly due to transients.
In order to check voltage sag and voltage swell in distribution system DVR is one of the effective and efficient custom
power devices [9]. DVR is connected in series with the line in order to compensate the voltage sag or swell in the load side.

2. DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER (DVR)

The main activity of Dynamic voltage restorer is to decline the voltage sags of sensitive apparatus; controls load voltage by
compensating frequency, amplitude and phase angle of the distribution line. DVR is mainly responsible for quality of
voltage forwarded to the end user [6] [7], when source voltage is not suitable for sensitive loads. Practice of DVR
authorizes consumers to protect and isolate from transients and disturbances caused by sags and swells on the
distribution network. The major parts of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) are: voltage source converter, harmonic filter,
injection or boost transformer, energy storage unit, Dc charging circuit etc.

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig. –1: Basic structure of A DVR

The basic structure of a DVR is shown in Fig.-1

Voltage source converter (VSC):

A Voltage Source Converter is a power electronic device mainly consists, switching and storage devices. These devices can
generate a sinusoidal voltage at any prescribed frequency, magnitude, and phase angle.

Harmonic filter:

Harmonic filters main job to keep the harmonic voltage constant, generated by the Voltage source inverter.

Injection or booster transformer:

The Injection or Booster transformer is a device that decreases the transient energy and noise coupling from the primary
side to the secondary side [3]. The main function of booster transformer is to connect the DVR to the distribution network
via the HV windings.

Energy storage unit:

Energy storage unit is responsible to store energy in DC form. For energy storage purpose, Batteries, superconducting
magnetic energy storage (SMES), Flywheels and super capacitors can be used

DC charging circuit:
After sag compensation, dc circuit charges the energy source and thus maintains dc link voltage at the nominal dc link
voltage [4] [5].

3. SIMULATION & RESULTS OF DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER

A simple distribution network was simulated by using MATLAB R2016b [Fig.2a].In order to show the performance of
Dynamic Voltage Restorer, Simulation was done on a simple circuit model with two loads. One an ordinary load capable of
withstanding the voltage distortions and voltage sags and another, a sensitive load which is prone to voltage sags, and
affects it performance seriously. In order to protect that sensitive load from voltage sag Dynamic Voltage Restorer was
used. The components required for constructing DVR test Model is shown in Fig (2a) and Table-1.

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Table -1: System Parameters

Sr.No Parameters Standards

1 Source 3 phase,22.5kv,50 Hz
2 Inverter Parametrs IGBT based, 3arms,6 pulse, carrier frequency=1080Hz, Sample time=50
μs, Vdc= 5KV Amplitude, Rs=10Ω, Cs=750μF
3 PI controller Kp=40, Ki=154, Sample Time=50μs

4 RL Load R=2500ohm, L=30H

5 Two Winding Transformer 2.5VA, 50Hz, 20KV/380V

Fault Analysis: A case of various faults was simulated. The simulation diagram is shown in fig.(2a).

Fig. -(2a): Simulink diagram

Here fault is introduced only in phase. However, the fault can be converted in to any of the required type. The fault is a
single line to ground fault and the fault resistance is 4.6 ohms and the ground resistance is 0.1 ohms.

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Fig. -(2b) Subsystem (PI Controller Block)

As shown in Fig.(2b),PI controller is used for controlling the IGBT based universal bridge[8]. The output of the PI
controller is given to discrete PWM generator (mask) in order to send the controlling pulses to the DVR.

Fig.-(2c) Source voltage

Fig.(2c) shows the source voltage given to the system. A fault on the system at t=0.019 seconds appears on the system and
it is cleared at t=0.085 seconds. During fault period the voltage of one phase is decreased to 0.4 pu. This voltage is to be
injected by the DVR.

Fig.(2d) below shows the voltage injected in to the system, to eliminate the effect the voltage sag on the sensitive load.

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Fig.-(2d) Injected voltage

Fig.(2e)below shows the Sensitive Load Voltage and Currents. The values of the sensitive load voltage and current in pu
values. It is seen that the fault has no effect on the load voltage and currents.

Fig.-(2e) Sensitive load voltage and sensitive load current

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Fig. (2f) shows normal voltage, the load does not use the DVR system. Therefore, the effect of fault is clearly seen on the
load.

Fig.-(2f) Normal load voltage

4. CONCLUSION
The requirement for power quality has turn into a challenging problem for industries and customers. Voltage unbalance is
considered as the bigger affecting issue among them leads to deterioration in achievement of electrical apparatus. FACTS
devices used for compensation are the best procedure to overcome such issues. Among them DVR considered the most
competent and cost effective. Voltage instabilities such as voltage sag/swell are considered here. Both balanced and
unbalanced voltage conditions are considered and simulation results are shown. Simulation results shows that DVR
provide good voltage regulation by compensating voltage sag and swell. The performance of DVR is satisfactory.

REFERENCES
[1] Roger C. Dugan/Mark F. Mc Granaghan/Surya Santoso/H. Wayne Beaty, Electrical Power Systems,Quality, Second
edition, Mc Graw Hill Publication.

[2] N.G Hingorani, Flexible AC Transmission, IEEE Spectrum, vol. 30, pp. 40-44,1993.

[3] N.G Hingorani, “ Introducing Custom Power”, IEEE Spectrum, vol. 32, pp. 41-48,1995 Distribution Custom Power Task
Force, 2003

[4] K.R Padiyar, FACTS controllers in power transmission and distribution, new age international publicaions

[5] Smriti Dey, Performance of DVR under various fault conditions in Electrical Distribution Systems, IOSR Journal of
Electrical and Electronics engineering, vol-8,Issue 1,pp-03-12, dec-2013

[6] C. Benachiba and B. Ferdi, Power Quality Improvement using DVR, American Journal of Applied Sciences 6(3): 396-400,
2009 ISSN 146-9239

[7] Samrat Shende and Nilesh Chamat, D-Statcom & DVR in power quality enhancement in distribution Network under
various fault conditions, International Jouranal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, ISSN :
2319-8753

[8] Math Works, (2012) : Power System Toolbox: Users Guide (R2012a)

[9] https://www.mathworks

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

BIOGRAPHIES
Mehraj Ud Din Wani received
B.Tech in Electrical Engineering
from Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah
University, Rajouri, J&K, India, in
2017. He is presently pursuing
M.Tech(Power systems) in Lovely
Professional University, Punjab.
His current research interests are
power quality improvement and
Load flow analysis in distribution
system.

Preeti khurana received B.Tech

degree in Electrical Engineering
from Guru Nanak Engineering
college Ludhiana in 2003 and
M.Tech degree from Guru Nanak
Engineering college in 2010. She
is currently working as assistant
professor in the school of
Electrical and Electronics
Engineering department at
Lovely Professional University,
Punjab. Her current areas of
research activities include control
Engineering and Power Quality.

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