Analog Circuits Lab Manual-R22 VNR VJIET

EXPERIMENT-3
Clippers
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a. Aim: a) To design positive and negative series clippers with different reference voltage.
b) To design positive and negative series clippers with different reference voltage.
c) To design 2-way clipper

b. Apparatus
Hardware:
a. Resistors R=1kΩ
b. DRO
c. Signal generator
d. Bread board

Software: a. Circuit Simulator: to verify the functionality of NPN and PNP Transistors
b. NI-Multisim-14.0-desktop app: to calculate circuit parameters

c. Theory:
About Clipper Circuit:
Series and shunt clippers are electronic circuits used to clip or limit the voltage amplitude of an
input signal. They are often used in signal processing and communication systems to remove
unwanted portions of a waveform.
Series Clippers:
In a series clipper, the diode (or diodes) are connected in series with the input signal. There are
two types of series clippers:
1. Positive Series Clipper: In this configuration, a diode is connected in series with the input
signal in such a way that it conducts only when the input voltage is positive. When the input
voltage is negative, the diode is reverse-biased, effectively removing the negative portion of the
input signal.
2. Negative Series Clipper: In this configuration, a diode is connected in series with the input
signal in such a way that it conducts only when the input voltage is negative. When the input
voltage is positivse, the diode is reverse-biased, effectively removing the positive portion of the
input signal.
Series clippers are often used for simple amplitude limiting applications where only one polarity
of the input signal needs to be clipped.
Shunt Clippers:
In a shunt clipper, the diode (or diodes) are connected in parallel with the input signal. There are
two types of shunt clippers:
1. Positive Shunt Clipper: In this configuration, a diode is connected in parallel with the input
signal in such a way that it conducts when the input voltage exceeds a certain positive threshold.
This effectively clips off the excess positive voltage from the input signal.

2. Negative Shunt Clipper: In this configuration, a diode is connected in parallel with the input
signal in such a way that it conducts when the input voltage exceeds a certain negative threshold.
Analog Circuits Lab Manual-R22 VNR VJIET

This effectively clips off the excess negative voltage from the input signal.
Shunt clippers are often used for more complex clipping applications where both positive and
negative portions of the input signal need to be clipped.
Both series and shunt clippers are useful in applications such as signal conditioning, distortion
effects in audio circuits, and protection circuits where limiting the amplitude of a signal is
necessary.

d. Schematic:

Figure 1. Positive shunt clipper Figure 2.Negative shunt clipper

Figure 3. Negative series clipper Figure 4. Positive series clipper

Figure 5. 2-Way clipper

Analog Circuits Lab Manual-R22 VNR VJIET

e. Procedure:
a. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
b. Apply 2Vp-p sinusoidal signal using function generator.
c. Observe the output in CRO.
d. Note the Transient response of each circuit
e. Now apply the reference voltage (positive and negative) and observe the clipping.
f. Lastly connect 2-way clipper and observe the waveform.

f. Model graphs:
g. Clipping output of each circuit:

Figure 6. positive shunt clipper with zero reference

Figure 7. positive shunt clipper with positive reference

Figure 8. positive shunt clipper with negative reference

Analog Circuits Lab Manual-R22 VNR VJIET

Figure 9. negative shunt clipper with zero reference

Figure 10. negative shunt clipper with positive reference

Figure 11. negative shunt clipper with negative reference

Figure 12. positive series clipper with zero reference

Analog Circuits Lab Manual-R22 VNR VJIET

Figure 13. positive series clipper with positive reference

Figure 14. positive series clipper with negative reference

Figure 15. negative series clipper with zero reference

Figure 16. negative series clipper with positive reference

Analog Circuits Lab Manual-R22 VNR VJIET

Figure 17. negative series clipper with negative reference

Figure 18. 2-Way clipper

h. Observations:
a. Both series and shunt clippers effectively clip the input signal's amplitude above or below a
certain threshold, depending on the configuration.

b. The diode which has some cut in voltage is interfered with the output waveform and in shunt
circuit the clipping is decreased or increased depending on the bias of diode.

c. In series circuit the waveform are shifted up or down based on the bias of diode as the diode
is placed in series.

d. In 2-Way clipper both positive and negative part can be clipped by desired value by keeping
two diodes in opposite orientation in shunt clippers.