BASIC DESIGN II

ARCG 120 – 22-23 – SEM II

Department of Architecture and Interior Design
College of Engineering
University of Bahrain
 MAIN TOPICS

COLOR VISUAL TEXTURE

LECTURE 01

LECTURE 02

LECTURE 03

LECTURE 04

LECTURE 05

LECTURE 06
FORM & SPACE ANTHRO- CIRCULATION
PERCEPTION POMETRY &
SCALE
 MAIN TOPICS

COLOR VISUAL TEXTURE

LECTURE 01

LECTURE 02

LECTURE 03

LECTURE 04

LECTURE 05

LECTURE 06
FORM & SPACE ANTHRO- CIRCULATION
PERCEPTION POMETRY &
SCALE
COLORS
LECTURE 01
LECTURE 01 OUTCOME
To learn about color characteristics, color system and color schemes.
To recognize the role of colors in shaping spaces and architecture.
To raise student awareness to awaken colors that ensure a more
personal and as far as possible, local, site-specific approach,
contradicting international trend fore castings and global attitudes.
To highlight on the new technology, new materials and the possibilities
of coloured lighting.
DESCRIBE
In Class Activity I-a
FORM PROPERTIES

FEELING

CONTEXT

WHY?
C O M PA R E
Why to
study color
theory?
Color and appearance

Color is the visual effect that is caused by the spectral composition of

the light emitted, transmitted, or reflected by objects; property of light
 Without light color does not exist.
The light illuminates and reveals the forms and spaces
Color change in different lighting conditions
Color and appearance
When white light Selective
falls on opaque absorption
object occurs

Surface of the object absorbs certain

wavelengths of light and reflect
others. Our eyes apprehend the
color of the reflected light as the
color of the object.
 How do we see colors?

1. All the "invisible" colors of sunlight

shine on the apple.

2. The surface of a red apple absorbs

all the colored light rays, except for
those corresponding to red, and
reflects this color to the human eye.

3. The eye receives the reflected red

light and sends a message to the brain.
Color wheel

A color wheel or color circle is an

abstract illustrative organization
of color hues around a circle that
shows relationships between
primary colors, secondary colors,
complementary colors, etc.
Primary Colors:
3 pigment colors that can not be mixed or
formed by any combination of other colors:
Warm
• Red colors
• Yellow
• Blue

Secondary Colors:
the colors formed by mixing the primary
colors:
• Green
• Orange
• Purple

Tertiary Colors:
These are the colors formed by mixing a
primary and a secondary color. That's why
the hue is a two word name:
• Yellow-orange
• Yellow-green
• Red-orange
• Red-purple Cool
• Blue-purple
• Blue-green
colors
Green sits in the middle of the visible spectrum, so it is neither cold or warm, that’s
why nature is green!
Hues (5 basic – 5 intermediate)

Value Scale

Intensity (Chroma, Saturation)

Munsell color system

 Characteristics of Color
The name of a color.

HUE
lightness or darkness of a
color or the relative amount
of black or white in the hue.
VALUE
CHROMA or SITURATION

INTENSITY brightness of a color depending

on the amount of hue in it.
 No color stands alone. In fact, the effect of a color is determined by
many factors:

• The light reflected from it,

• The colors that surround it,
• The perspective of the person looking at the color.
 Physical modification

Physical modification

Analogous colors → harmonious when mixed

Complementary colors → Neutral when mixed
Variation of the value of a hue:

• Shade: A hue produced by the addition of black

• Tint: A hue produced by the addition of white

c c
Changing color’s intensity:

Adding Adding gray or a

complementary
more hue color

Make more Make it dull or

intense more neutral
PERCEIVED MODIFICATION
CONTEXT

Brilliant Duller Lifeless Brilliance

Notice that the red square appears larger on black than on other background
colors

Different readings of the same color

Simultaneous Contrast
Placing complementary colors next to each other (juxtapose them)
results in increasing their saturation & brightness without changing
their hue and each will try to shift the other color towards its hue
 Simultaneous contrast
Affects the value of a color
Light background: Dark background:
Deepens dark colors Brightens light colors

White frame: Black frame:

Make colors duller Makes colors richer
Visual force – Attraction – Focus - Atmosphere
Attractive
Warm Hues
Stimulating

Relaxing Cool Hues

Light Values Cheerful

Gloomy
Dark Values

Undemanding
Middle
easy
Values
Less forceful

Attractive Bright
Defines shapes & colors
forms /contrast

Analogous
colors →
harmonious
when
mixed

Compleme
ntary colors
→ Neutral
when
mixed

Unity & Harmony

In objects:

Deep cool colors make things appear smaller

Light warm colors make them appear larger

On planes:

Cool increase apparent distance & adds

spaciousness

Warm hues, dark values, saturated colors

suggest nearness
Santa Caterina Market Barcelona
INNOVATION
CREATE MOVEMENT
FRAGMENTATION
Color
Schemes
Color schemes can be either
harmonious or contrasting

There are 10 basic color

scheme
1. Achromatic scheme:
Without color, uses only black, white, and
grays.

2. Monochromatic scheme:
Use only one hue in combination with any
or all of its tints and shades
3. Analogous scheme:
Use any hues that fall in 1 quarter of the color
wheel or any of their tints and shades.

4. Natural scheme:

Use a hue which has been diminished or

neutralized by the addition of its
complement or black.
5. Complementary scheme:
Use direct opposites hues on the color wheel.

6. Split complementary scheme:

Combine the hue and the two hues on either
side of its complement on the color wheel.
7. Clash scheme
Combines the color with the hue to right or left of
its complement on the color wheel.

8. Primary scheme:

Use the pure primary hues of red, yellow, and

blue.
9. Secondary scheme:
Use the secondary hues of green, violet, and orange.

10. Tertiary Triad scheme:

Use three tertiary hues which are equidistant from
each other on the color wheel.

Either:
Red-orange + yellow-green + blue violet
Blue-green + yellow-orange + red-violet
1. Achromatic scheme:
Without color, uses only black, white, and
grays.
SIMPLICITY
MODERN &
EDGY
STRONG
CHARACTER
HARMONY & BLENDING
2. Monochromatic scheme:
Use only one hue in combination with any
or all of its tints and shades
3. Analogous scheme:
Use any hues that fall in 1 quarter of the
color wheel or any of their tints and shades.
Harmonious
Even when choosing strong colors
4. Natural scheme:

Use a hue which has been diminished or

neutralized by the addition of its
complement or black.
5. Complementary scheme:
Use direct opposites hues on the color wheel.
6. Split complementary scheme:
Combine the hue and the two hues on either
side of its complement on the color wheel.
7. Clash scheme
Combines the color with the hue to right
or left of its complement on the color
wheel.
8. Primary scheme:
Use the pure primary hues of red, yellow, and blue.
9. Secondary scheme:

Use the secondary hues of:

Green, violet, and orange.
10. Tertiary Triad scheme:
Use three tertiary hues which are equidistant from each other on the color wheel.

Either:
Red-orange + yellow-green + blue violet
Blue-green + yellow-orange + red-violet
DISCUSS WHY DID THEY USE COLORS THIS WAY?
In Class Activity I-b
Thank you