TOEFL iBT ®

Test and Score Data Summary 2021

January–December 2021 Test Data

www.ets.org/toefl
 Table of Contents

History of the TOEFL® Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

The TOEFL iBT® Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Test Data for 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 1. Observed Minimum and Maximum TOEFL iBT Section and Total Scores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 2. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Total Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Table 3. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — High School Students* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 4. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Two Year College Students* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 5. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Undergraduate Level Students* . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 6. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Graduate Level Students* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 7. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Graduate Level Students in
BUSINESS Schools* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 8. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Students in English Schools* . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Table 9. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Applicants for Professional License* . . . . . . 13
Table 10. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Applicants for Employment* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 11. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Applicants for Immigration* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 12. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Other* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 13. Means and Standard Deviations for TOEFL i B T® Section and Total Scores, Males* . . . . 17
Table 14. Means and Standard Deviations for TOEFL i B T® Section and Total Scores, Females* . . . . 18
Table 15. TOEFL i B T® Total and Section Score Means1 — All Examinees Classified by
Geographic Region and Native Language2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 16. TOEFL iBT® Total and Section Score Means1 — All Examinees Classified by
Country or Region2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

For additional information about the TOEFL test, visit www.ets.org/toefl.

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2 Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test

 History of the TOEFL® Test

The TOEFL® test is designed to measure the English-language proficiency of people whose native language is not
English. TOEFL scores are accepted by more than 11,500 colleges, universities, and licensing agencies in more
than 160 countries. The test is also used by governments, and scholarship and exchange programs worldwide.

The TOEFL Program — ­ A national council on the testing of English as a foreign language was formed in 1962;
its members were representatives of more than 30 private organizations and government agencies concerned
with the English-language proficiency of non-native speakers of English who wished to study at colleges and
universities in the United States. The council supported the development of the TOEFL test for use starting in
1963 - 64. Financed by grants from the Ford Foundation® and Danforth Foundation, the TOEFL program was first
administered by the Modern Language Association. In 1965, the College Board® and Educational Testing Service
(E T S) assumed joint responsibility for the program. Because many who take the TOEFL test are potential graduate
students, a cooperative arrangement for the operation of the program was entered into by E T S, the College
Board, and the Graduate Record Examinations® Board in 1973. Under this arrangement, E T S is responsible for
administering the TOEFL program with guidance from the TOEFL Board.
The TOEFL Board is composed of 16 members. Some are affiliated with such institutions and agencies as
undergraduate and graduate schools, community colleges, nonprofit educational exchange organizations, and
other public and private agencies with an interest in international education. Other members are specialists in
the field of English as a foreign or second language.

Development of the Test — The test originally contained five sections. As a result of extensive research, a three-
section test was developed and introduced in 1976. In July 1995, the test item format was modified somewhat
within the same three-section structure. In recent years, various constituencies called for a new TOEFL test that
would (1) be more reflective of communicative competence models; (2) include more constructed-response tasks
and direct measures of writing and speaking; (3) include tasks that integrate the language modalities tested; and
(4) provide more information than the paper-based TOEFL test (TOEFL PBT) about the ability of international
students to use English in an academic environment. Accordingly, the TOEFL Board initiated a broad effort under
which language testing will evolve in the twenty-first century. The introduction of the computer-based TOEFL
test (TOEFL CBT) in 1998 was the first incremental step in this broad test-improvement effort.
The next step was the introduction of the TOEFL i B T® test, delivered at authorized test centers via the internet,
in September 2005. The TOEFL i B T test assesses all four language skills (reading, listening, speaking, and writing)
that are important for effective communication. The test emphasizes integrated skills and provides better
information about test takers’ ability to communicate in an academic setting and their readiness for academic
coursework. The test was first launched in the United States and was gradually rolled out worldwide during 2005
and 2006.
As the TOEFL i B T test was introduced in an area, TOEFL CBT testing was discontinued after a period of overlap
to ensure a smooth transition. The final administration of the TOEFL CBT test was held in September 2006. The
3-skill TOEFL revised Paper-delivered Test, which had been offered in locations where internet service was not
available, was discontinued in 2021. This TOEFL Test and Score Data Summary contains information about TOEFL
i B T test takers.

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test 3

 The TOEFL iBT® Test

The TOEFL iBT test was introduced in the United States in September 2005 and was gradually introduced worldwide
during 2005 and 2006.
The test was developed in response to a request by institutions to provide a test that would measure non-native
speakers’ ability to communicate in English in an academic setting.

The TOEFL i B T test:

yy Measures the ability to communicate by combining, or integrating, all four language skills – Reading, Listening,
Speaking, and Writing
y Is 100% academically focused, measuring the kind of English used in academic settings
y Provides fair and objective scoring
y Provides valid and reliable information to support score users in making effective decisions regarding a test
taker’s English-language proficiency

Test takers have approximately three hours to complete the test. The Reading section measures the ability to
understand academic reading material written in English, and the Listening section measures the ability to
understand spoken English as it is used in colleges and universities. The Speaking section consists of tasks that
measure the ability to speak in English in an academic setting. The Writing section consists of two tasks that
measure the ability to write in English in a way that is appropriate for college and university coursework. Some
questions in the Speaking and Writing sections require test takers to combine, or integrate, information from
more than one source. For example, test takers are asked to read a passage, listen to a short lecture about a topic,
and then speak or write in response. These integrated tasks are designed to simulate the academic experience.
Speaking and Writing tasks receive multiple ratings to provide unbiased, objective evaluations of the responses.
The TOEFL iBT test is administered via computer at thousands of authorized test centers worldwide. Since March
2020, test takers can also choose the TOEFL iBT Home Edition, which is taken on computer at home and monitored
online by a human proctor and AI technology.

Test Preparation — The TOEFL Program offers many test preparation products, both for free and for purchase,
including free practice questions from all four sections of the test. The Reading and Listening sections are interactive
and sample responses are provided for the Writing and Speaking questions.
For more information about test prep, visit the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl.

Visit the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl for the most up-to-date information.

4 Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test

 Test Data for 2021

The data presented in the tables below are based on test takers who took the TOEFL i B T® test between
January 2021 and December 2021.

Table 1. Observed Minimum and Maximum TOEFL iBT Section and Total Scores

Section Min. Max.

1. Reading 0 30
2. Listening 0 30
3. Speaking 0 30
4. Writing 0 30
Total 0 120

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test 5

 Table 2. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Total Group

Total Scale Percentile

Scale Score Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Score Rank
30 91 92 98 99 120 100
29 82 83 96 96 116 99
28 74 75 93 92 112 95
27 67 68 90 85 108 89
26 61 61 86 80 104 80
25 55 54 80 72 100 70
24 49 48 73 63 96 60
23 43 42 60 55 92 51
22 38 36 48 47 88 42
21 33 31 40 36 84 35
20 29 27 33 26 80 28
19 25 23 25 21 76 22
18 21 19 19 16 72 18
17 18 16 13 12 68 14
16 15 13 10 10 64 11
15 12 11 7 8 60 8
14 10 9 5 6 56 7
13 8 7 3 4 52 5
12 7 6 3 3 48 4
11 6 5 2 2 44 3
10 4 4 2 1 40 2
9 3 3 1 1 36 1
8 3 2 1 1 32 1
7 2 2 1 . 28 .
6 2 1 1 . 24 .
5 1 1 . . 20 .
4 1 1 . . 16 .
3 1 . . . 12 .
2 . . . . 8 .
1 . . . . 4 .
0 . . . . 0 .
Mean 22.4 22.6 21.1 21.6 Mean 88
S.D. 6.3 6.0 4.4 4.6 S.D. 18

6 Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test

Table 3. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — High School Students*

Total Scale Percentile

Scale Score Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Score Rank
30 93 94 99 99 120 100
29 87 87 98 97 116 99
28 81 80 96 93 112 97
27 75 74 94 88 108 92
26 70 68 90 83 104 85
25 64 62 85 77 100 77
24 59 56 78 69 96 68
23 54 50 64 62 92 59
22 50 45 52 54 88 51
21 45 40 43 44 84 44
20 40 35 36 33 80 37
19 36 31 27 27 76 31
18 32 27 20 22 72 26
17 28 23 15 17 68 22
16 25 20 11 14 64 18
15 21 17 8 11 60 14
14 18 15 6 9 56 11
13 15 12 4 7 52 9
12 13 10 3 5 48 7
11 11 8 3 3 44 5
10 9 7 2 2 40 3
9 7 5 2 1 36 2
8 6 4 1 1 32 1
7 4 3 1 1 28 1
6 4 2 1 . 24 .
5 3 2 1 . 20 .
4 2 1 1 . 16 .
3 1 1 . . 12 .
2 1 . . . 8 .
1 . . . . 4 .
0 . . . . 0 .
Mean 20.5 21.2 20.6 20.8 Mean 83
S.D. 7.2 6.7 4.4 4.9 S.D. 20

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to high school.

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test 7

 Table 4. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Two Year College Students*

Total Scale Percentile

Scale Score Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Score Rank
30 95 95 99 99 120 100
29 90 90 98 98 116 100
28 85 85 97 95 112 98
27 81 80 95 91 108 95
26 76 74 92 88 104 90
25 72 69 87 83 100 83
24 67 63 82 76 96 76
23 62 58 72 69 92 68
22 57 52 61 62 88 60
21 52 47 53 52 84 53
20 47 41 46 42 80 46
19 42 36 37 35 76 39
18 38 32 29 30 72 33
17 33 27 22 24 68 27
16 29 24 17 20 64 22
15 25 20 12 16 60 18
14 22 17 9 12 56 14
13 18 14 7 10 52 11
12 15 12 5 7 48 9
11 13 10 4 5 44 6
10 10 8 3 3 40 5
9 8 6 3 2 36 3
8 7 5 2 2 32 2
7 5 4 2 1 28 1
6 4 3 1 1 24 1
5 3 2 1 1 20 .
4 2 1 1 . 16 .
3 1 1 1 . 12 .
2 1 . . . 8 .
1 . . . . 4 .
0 . . . . 0 .
Mean 19.4 20.2 19.6 19.8 Mean 79
S.D. 7.1 6.7 4.8 5.1 S.D. 21

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to two year colleges.

8 Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test

Table 5. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Undergraduate Level Students*

Total Scale Percentile

Scale Score Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Score Rank
30 92 92 98 99 120 100
29 85 84 96 97 116 99
28 78 77 93 92 112 95
27 71 70 90 86 108 89
26 65 63 86 81 104 81
25 59 57 80 74 100 72
24 54 51 73 65 96 62
23 48 45 59 58 92 54
22 43 40 48 49 88 46
21 38 35 39 39 84 38
20 34 30 32 29 80 32
19 29 26 24 23 76 26
18 25 23 18 19 72 21
17 22 19 13 14 68 17
16 19 16 9 11 64 14
15 16 14 6 9 60 11
14 13 11 5 6 56 8
13 11 9 3 5 52 6
12 9 8 3 4 48 5
11 7 6 2 2 44 3
10 6 5 2 1 40 2
9 5 4 1 1 36 1
8 4 3 1 1 32 1
7 3 2 1 . 28 1
6 2 2 1 . 24 .
5 2 1 . . 20 .
4 1 1 . . 16 .
3 1 . . . 12 .
2 . . . . 8 .
1 . . . . 4 .
0 . . . . 0 .
Mean 21.6 22.0 21.2 21.3 Mean 86
S.D. 6.6 6.4 4.4 4.7 S.D. 19

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to colleges or universities as undergraduate students.

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test 9

 Table 6. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Graduate Level Students*

Total Scale Percentile

Scale Score Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Score Rank
30 89 90 98 98 120 100
29 79 80 95 96 116 98
28 70 71 92 90 112 94
27 62 63 88 83 108 86
26 55 55 83 77 104 77
25 48 48 77 68 100 66
24 42 42 70 59 96 55
23 37 36 58 50 92 45
22 32 30 46 41 88 36
21 27 26 38 31 84 28
20 22 21 31 22 80 22
19 19 17 23 16 76 17
18 15 14 17 12 72 13
17 13 12 12 9 68 9
16 10 9 8 7 64 7
15 8 7 5 5 60 5
14 7 6 4 4 56 4
13 5 5 3 3 52 3
12 4 4 2 2 48 2
11 3 3 1 1 44 1
10 2 2 1 1 40 1
9 2 2 1 1 36 1
8 1 1 1 . 32 .
7 1 1 . . 28 .
6 1 1 . . 24 .
5 1 . . . 20 .
4 . . . . 16 .
3 . . . . 12 .
2 . . . . 8 .
1 . . . . 4 .
0 . . . . 0 .
Mean 23.4 23.5 21.5 22.2 Mean 91
S.D. 5.7 5.5 4.3 4.3 S.D. 17

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to masters, graduate or post-graduate programs, other than
business programs.

10 Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test

Table 7. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Graduate Level Students in BUSINESS Schools*

Total Scale Percentile

Scale Score Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Score Rank
30 90 91 98 98 120 100
29 79 82 96 96 116 99
28 71 73 93 90 112 95
27 63 65 89 84 108 88
26 56 57 85 78 104 79
25 49 50 79 70 100 68
24 43 44 73 60 96 57
23 38 37 60 52 92 47
22 33 32 48 43 88 38
21 28 27 40 32 84 30
20 24 23 32 23 80 23
19 20 19 25 17 76 18
18 16 16 18 13 72 14
17 14 13 13 10 68 11
16 11 10 9 7 64 8
15 9 8 6 6 60 6
14 7 7 4 4 56 4
13 6 5 3 3 52 3
12 5 4 2 2 48 2
11 4 3 2 1 44 2
10 3 3 1 1 40 1
9 2 2 1 1 36 1
8 2 1 1 . 32 .
7 1 1 . . 28 .
6 1 1 . . 24 .
5 1 1 . . 20 .
4 . . . . 16 .
3 . . . . 12 .
2 . . . . 8 .
1 . . . . 4 .
0 . . . . 0 .
Mean 23.2 23.2 21.2 22.1 Mean 90
S.D. 5.8 5.6 4.3 4.3 S.D. 17

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to master, graduate or post-graduate BUSINESS programs.

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test 11

 Table 8. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Students in English Schools*

Total Scale Percentile

Scale Score Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Score Rank
30 94 95 99 99 120 100
29 87 88 97 98 116 99
28 81 82 95 95 112 97
27 74 75 93 90 108 93
26 68 69 89 86 104 87
25 63 63 85 80 100 78
24 57 57 78 72 96 69
23 51 50 67 65 92 60
22 46 44 56 56 88 51
21 41 39 47 44 84 43
20 35 34 39 33 80 36
19 31 29 31 27 76 29
18 26 25 23 21 72 24
17 23 21 17 16 68 19
16 19 17 12 13 64 15
15 16 15 9 10 60 11
14 13 12 6 8 56 9
13 11 10 5 6 52 7
12 9 8 3 4 48 5
11 7 6 3 3 44 4
10 6 5 2 2 40 2
9 4 4 2 1 36 2
8 4 3 1 1 32 1
7 3 2 1 . 28 1
6 2 1 1 . 24 .
5 1 1 1 . 20 .
4 1 1 . . 16 .
3 1 . . . 12 .
2 . . . . 8 .
1 . . . . 4 .
0 . . . . 0 .
Mean 21.3 21.5 20.4 20.7 Mean 84
S.D. 6.5 6.2 4.5 4.6 S.D. 19

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to English language schools.

12 Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test

Table 9. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Applicants for Professional License*

Total Scale Percentile

Scale Score Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Score Rank
30 95 95 98 99 120 100
29 88 88 96 98 116 99
28 83 81 94 95 112 97
27 77 75 90 90 108 92
26 71 68 86 85 104 86
25 65 61 80 79 100 78
24 59 55 73 70 96 69
23 53 48 61 63 92 59
22 47 42 49 54 88 49
21 41 36 41 42 84 41
20 35 31 34 32 80 33
19 30 26 26 25 76 27
18 25 21 20 20 72 21
17 21 18 15 15 68 16
16 17 15 11 12 64 13
15 14 12 8 10 60 10
14 12 10 5 7 56 7
13 10 8 4 5 52 5
12 8 6 3 4 48 4
11 6 5 2 3 44 3
10 5 4 2 2 40 2
9 4 3 1 1 36 1
8 3 2 1 1 32 1
7 2 2 1 1 28 .
6 2 1 1 1 24 .
5 1 1 . . 20 .
4 1 . . . 16 .
3 1 . . . 12 .
2 . . . . 8 .
1 . . . . 4 .
0 . . . . 0 .
Mean 21.3 21.9 21.0 20.9 Mean 85
S.D. 6.2 5.9 4.5 4.6 S.D. 18

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission for licensure or certification.

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test 13

 Table 10. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Applicants for Employment*

Total Scale Percentile

Scale Score Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Score Rank
30 93 93 98 99 120 100
29 85 85 96 97 116 99
28 78 78 93 93 112 96
27 72 70 90 88 108 90
26 66 63 86 83 104 83
25 60 57 80 76 100 74
24 54 50 73 67 96 64
23 48 44 60 59 92 55
22 43 38 48 50 88 46
21 37 32 40 39 84 37
20 32 27 33 29 80 30
19 27 23 25 23 76 24
18 23 19 19 18 72 19
17 19 16 14 14 68 15
16 16 13 10 11 64 11
15 13 11 7 8 60 9
14 11 9 5 6 56 7
13 9 7 4 5 52 5
12 7 6 3 4 48 4
11 6 4 2 2 44 2
10 4 3 2 2 40 2
9 3 3 1 1 36 1
8 3 2 1 1 32 1
7 2 1 1 1 28 .
6 2 1 1 . 24 .
5 1 1 . . 20 .
4 1 . . . 16 .
3 1 . . . 12 .
2 . . . . 8 .
1 . . . . 4 .
0 . . . . 0 .
Mean 21.9 22.4 21.1 21.3 Mean 87
S.D. 6.2 5.9 4.5 4.6 S.D. 18

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission for employment.

14 Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test

Table 11. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Applicants for Immigration*

Total Scale Percentile

Scale Score Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Score Rank
30 93 93 98 98 120 100
29 86 85 96 96 116 99
28 79 77 93 91 112 95
27 73 70 89 86 108 90
26 67 63 84 80 104 82
25 61 56 78 74 100 74
24 55 50 71 65 96 64
23 50 43 58 57 92 54
22 44 38 47 48 88 45
21 39 32 38 37 84 37
20 34 27 31 28 80 30
19 29 23 24 22 76 23
18 25 19 18 17 72 18
17 21 16 13 13 68 14
16 17 13 9 10 64 11
15 14 11 7 8 60 8
14 12 9 5 6 56 6
13 9 7 3 5 52 5
12 8 6 2 3 48 3
11 6 5 2 2 44 2
10 5 4 1 1 40 2
9 4 3 1 1 36 1
8 3 2 1 1 32 1
7 2 1 1 . 28 .
6 2 1 . . 24 .
5 1 1 . . 20 .
4 1 . . . 16 .
3 1 . . . 12 .
2 . . . . 8 .
1 . . . . 4 .
0 . . . . 0 .
Mean 21.6 22.5 21.3 21.5 Mean 87
S.D. 6.3 5.9 4.4 4.6 S.D. 18

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for immigration purposes.

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test 15

 Table 12. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL i B T® Scores — Other*

Total Scale Percentile

Scale Score Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Score Rank
30 91 92 99 98 120 100
29 82 84 97 96 116 99
28 74 77 95 91 112 96
27 67 70 93 85 108 91
26 61 63 89 80 104 82
25 56 57 84 73 100 73
24 50 51 78 65 96 63
23 45 45 65 57 92 54
22 40 40 53 49 88 46
21 35 35 45 38 84 38
20 31 30 38 29 80 31
19 27 26 29 23 76 25
18 23 22 22 19 72 20
17 20 19 17 14 68 16
16 17 16 12 11 64 13
15 14 13 9 9 60 10
14 12 11 7 7 56 8
13 10 9 5 5 52 6
12 8 7 4 4 48 5
11 7 6 3 2 44 3
10 5 5 2 2 40 2
9 4 4 2 1 36 1
8 3 3 1 1 32 1
7 3 2 1 . 28 1
6 2 1 1 . 24 .
5 1 1 1 . 20 .
4 1 1 . . 16 .
3 1 . . . 12 .
2 . . . . 8 .
1 . . . . 4 .
0 . . . . 0 .
Mean 22.1 22.1 20.5 21.4 Mean 86
S.D. 6.6 6.3 4.6 4.8 S.D. 19

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for other reasons.

16 Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test

Table 13. Means and Standard Deviations for TOEFL i B T® Section and Total Scores, Males*

Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total

Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.
1-To attend high
20.4 7.2 21.0 6.7 20.6 4.3 20.6 4.8 82.6 20.4
school**
2-To attend a 2 year
college/community 19.7 7.4 19.8 7.0 18.8 4.9 19.4 5.4 77.7 21.4
college**
3-To attend a 4 year
undergraduate 21.7 6.8 21.8 6.6 20.8 4.4 21.1 4.8 85.4 19.9
program**
4-To attend a
masters, graduate
or post-graduate
24.3 5.4 23.8 5.5 21.1 4.4 22.4 4.3 91.5 16.3
program other
than a business
program**
5-To attend a
masters, graduate
or post-graduate 24.1 5.5 23.7 5.5 21.0 4.5 22.3 4.3 91.2 16.3
BUSINESS
program**
6-To attend an
English language
22.0 6.5 21.4 6.3 20.0 4.4 20.6 4.6 84.0 18.8
school or
program**
7-For licensure or
21.8 6.1 21.7 6.0 20.3 4.6 20.6 4.7 84.4 18.4
certification**
8-For employment
22.4 6.1 22.4 6.0 20.4 4.6 21.1 4.6 86.4 18.4
or a job**
9-For immigration
22.2 6.3 22.7 5.9 21.1 4.4 21.5 4.6 87.4 18.0
purposes**
10-Other** 22.4 6.6 22.1 6.4 20.0 4.6 21.2 4.8 85.6 19.0
All 22.8 6.3 22.6 6.2 20.7 4.5 21.5 4.7 87.5 18.6

*Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership.

**Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership and also indicated a main reason for taking the
TOEFL test.

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test 17

 Table 14. Means and Standard Deviations for TOEFL i B T® Section and Total Scores, Females*

Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total

Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.
1-To attend high
20.4 6.9 21.4 6.4 21.3 4.1 21.1 4.6 84.1 19.6
school**
2-To attend a 2 year
college/community 19.2 7.3 20.1 6.7 19.7 4.8 19.9 5.2 78.8 21.0
college**
3-To attend a 4 year
undergraduate 21.5 6.5 22.3 6.2 21.7 4.2 21.7 4.5 87.2 18.8
program**
4-To attend a
masters, graduate
or post-graduate
23.2 5.7 23.6 5.4 22.1 4.2 22.4 4.2 91.3 16.3
program other
than a business
program**
5-To attend a
masters, graduate
or post-graduate 23.4 5.7 23.5 5.4 21.8 4.1 22.5 4.2 91.1 16.1
BUSINESS
program**
6-To attend an
English language
21.2 6.4 21.7 6.0 20.8 4.5 20.9 4.5 84.6 18.5
school or
program**
7-For licensure or
20.8 6.1 21.9 5.7 21.5 4.4 21.0 4.5 85.2 17.8
certification**
8-For employment
21.6 6.1 22.5 5.7 21.6 4.3 21.3 4.6 87.0 17.8
or a job**
9-For immigration
21.0 6.2 22.4 5.7 21.9 4.3 21.5 4.5 86.8 17.6
purposes**
10-Other** 21.8 6.6 22.2 6.1 21.0 4.4 21.5 4.7 86.5 18.7
All 22.0 6.3 22.6 5.9 21.6 4.3 21.7 4.5 87.9 18.0

*Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership.
**Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership and also indicated a main reason for taking the
TOEFL test.

18 Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test

Tables 15 and 16 may be useful in comparing the performance on the TOEFL i B T® test of a particular student
with that of other students from the same native country and with that of students who speak the same language.
E T S, creator of the TOEFL® test, does not endorse the practice of ranking countries on the basis of TOEFL
scores, as this is a misuse of data. The TOEFL test provides accurate scores at the individual level; it is not
appropriate for comparing countries. The differences in the number of students taking the test in each country,
how early English is introduced into the curriculum, how many hours per week are devoted to learning English,
and the fact that those taking the test are not representative of all English speakers in each country or any defined
population make ranking by test score meaningless.

Table 15. TOEFL i B T® Total and Section Score Means1 — All Examinees Classified by Geographic Region
and Native Language2

Native Native
Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total
Language Language
Afrikaans 20 21 22 21 84 Fijian * * * * *
Akan 18 20 21 20 79 Finnish 24 25 23 23 95
Albanian 19 22 23 21 85 French 22 23 21 21 87
Amharic 18 20 21 19 78 Fulah 14 16 19 17 67
Arabic 19 22 21 20 83 Ga 17 19 21 20 76
Armenian 19 21 22 21 83 Galician * * * * *
Assamese 25 25 25 25 100 Ganda 18 21 22 21 81
Aymara * * * * * Georgian 22 23 23 22 89
Azerbaijani 20 20 21 20 81 German 25 26 25 24 101
Bambara 13 14 16 15 58 Greek 24 25 23 24 95
Bashkir * * * * * Guarani * * * * *
Basque 23 24 22 23 93 Gujarati 23 25 23 24 94
Belarusian 21 21 21 20 83 Hausa 18 19 20 19 76
Bemba * * * * * Hebrew 24 26 24 22 96
Bengali 23 24 23 24 94 Hiligaynon 21 24 24 24 93
Berber 18 20 21 19 79 Hindi 24 25 24 24 97
Bikol * * * * * Hungarian 24 25 23 24 96
Bosnian 21 23 23 22 89 Icelandic 24 26 24 23 97
Bulgarian 24 25 23 23 95 Igbo 19 20 22 21 82
Burmese 21 22 21 23 87 Iloko 19 22 22 21 84
Catalan 24 25 23 23 94 Indonesian 22 23 21 22 87
Cebuano 20 22 23 23 89 Italian 24 24 22 22 94
Chichewa Japanese 19 19 17 18 74
19 21 23 22 85
(Nyanja )
Javanese 17 17 16 17 66
Chinese 23 22 20 22 87
Kannada 23 25 24 24 97
Chuvash * * * * *
Kanuri * * * * *
Croatian 24 25 24 23 96
Kashmiri 24 25 25 24 98
Czech 23 25 24 23 95
Kazakh 21 21 17 19 78
Danish 23 25 26 24 98
Khmer 18 21 22 21 81
Dutch 25 26 25 24 99
Kikuyu 18 21 22 21 81
Dyula * * * * *
Kinyarwanda 16 18 21 20 75
Efik 18 20 22 21 82
Konkani 25 26 25 25 100
English 23 24 24 24 95
Korean 22 22 21 21 87
Estonian 24 25 24 24 97
Kosraean 22 21 19 21 82
Ewe 16 17 19 18 70
Kurdish 17 19 21 19 76
Farsi 24 24 21 23 92
Kurukh * * * * *

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test 19

Table 15. (continued)

Native Native
Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total
Language Language
Lao 14 15 18 19 66 Shona 20 22 23 23 87
Latvian 22 25 24 23 94 Sindhi 22 23 24 24 94
Lingala * * * * * Sinhalese 21 23 22 22 88
Lithuanian 22 25 24 23 94 Slovak 23 25 24 23 95
Luba-Lulua * * * * * Slovenian 25 26 25 24 100
Luo 19 20 22 21 82 Somali 17 20 21 18 75
Luxembourgish 24 26 25 24 99 Spanish 21 23 22 21 87
Macedonian 22 24 24 23 92 Sundanese * * * * *
Madurese * * * * * Swahili 17 20 22 20 79
Malagasy 20 21 21 22 83 Swedish 23 26 25 23 97
Malay 23 23 22 23 91 Tagalog 21 23 23 23 89
Malayalam 24 25 25 24 98 Tajik 15 17 20 18 70
Maltese * * * * * Tamil 24 25 24 24 98
Mandingo 16 18 20 18 72 Tatar * * * * *
Marathi 22 24 24 23 93 Telugu 26 26 19 23 93
Marshallese * * * * * Thai 21 22 20 20 83
Mende * * * * * Tibetan 19 21 21 20 82
Minankabau * * * * * Tigrinya 18 20 21 19 79
Mongolian 21 22 21 21 85 Tonga * * * * *
Mossi 17 17 19 18 70 Turkish 22 23 21 22 88
Nauru * * * * * Turkmen 19 21 20 20 79
Nepali 20 22 22 22 85 Twi 19 21 22 22 83
Norwegian 23 25 24 23 95 Uighur 22 22 21 20 85
Oriya 24 25 24 24 97 Ukrainian 21 23 22 21 87
Oromo 16 17 19 16 68 Urdu 22 24 24 23 93
Polish 23 25 23 22 92 Uzbek 19 20 21 20 81
Portuguese 23 24 22 22 90 Vietnamese 22 22 20 22 86
Punjabi 24 24 21 23 93 Wolof 15 17 20 18 70
Pushtu 19 21 22 21 83 Xhosa * * * * *
Romanian 23 24 23 23 93 Yapese * * * * *
Russian 21 23 22 21 87 Yoruba 20 21 21 21 83
Samoan * * * * * Yupik * * * * *
Santali * * * * * Zhuang * * * * *
Serbian 22 25 24 22 93 Zulu 19 22 23 22 85

1
Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30, as indicated by *. Due
to rounding, section score means may not add up to the total score mean.
2
Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain language may have been added or deleted since the previous table was
published.

20 Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test

Table 16. TOEFL iBT® Total and Section Score Means1 — All Examinees Classified by Country or Region2

Country or Country or
Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total
Region Region
Africa South Africa 23 25 26 24 98
Angola 15 18 20 18 71 South Sudan * * * * *
Benin 16 16 17 17 66 Swaziland * * * * *
Botswana 19 21 23 22 85 Tanzania,
United Republic 16 19 22 20 77
Burkina Faso 15 16 18 17 67 of
Burundi 17 18 20 18 73 Togo 15 16 18 17 65
Cameroon 16 17 19 18 70 Tunisia 20 22 22 21 85
Cape Verde 16 19 20 18 73 Uganda 17 19 22 21 80
Central African Zambia 19 21 23 22 85
* * * * *
Republic
Zimbabwe 21 22 23 23 89
Chad 17 17 19 18 71
Americas
Comoros * * * * *
Antigua and
Congo 15 16 18 17 65 * * * * *
Barbuda
Congo, The Argentina 23 24 22 22 92
Democratic 15 17 20 17 69
Republic of Aruba 19 22 22 21 84
Cote D'Ivoire 14 15 17 16 62 Bahamas 19 24 24 24 91
Djibouti * * * * * Barbados * * * * *
Equatorial Belize * * * * *
* * * * *
Guinea
Bermuda * * * * *
Eritrea 18 20 22 19 79
Bolivia 18 20 20 19 77
Ethiopia 18 20 21 18 77
Bonaire, Sint
Gabon 15 16 18 17 65 Eustatius and * * * * *
Saba
Gambia 15 18 21 18 71
Brazil 23 24 22 22 90
Ghana 19 20 22 21 82
Canada 24 25 24 24 97
Guinea 14 15 18 16 63
Cayman Islands * * * * *
Guinea-Bissau * * * * *
Chile 23 24 21 22 90
Kenya 18 20 22 21 81
Colombia 21 22 21 21 85
Lesotho * * * * *
Costa Rica 23 24 23 22 93
Liberia 15 18 20 18 70
Cuba 19 20 20 18 76
Madagascar 20 22 21 22 86
Curacao 20 22 23 21 86
Malawi 19 20 23 22 84
Dominica * * * * *
Mali 14 15 17 16 62
Dominican
Mauritania 17 20 20 18 75 20 22 22 21 85
Republic
Mauritius 21 24 22 23 89 Ecuador 20 22 22 21 85
Mayotte * * * * * El Salvador 20 22 22 21 85
Mozambique 18 20 21 20 79 French Guiana * * * * *
Namibia 20 23 25 23 92 Guadeloupe 17 20 20 19 75
Niger 15 17 18 17 67 Guatemala 20 22 22 21 85
Nigeria 20 21 22 21 83 Guyana * * * * *
Reunion 20 21 20 20 81 Haiti 14 16 18 16 64
Rwanda 16 18 21 20 75 Honduras 20 22 23 21 86
Sao Tome and Jamaica 20 22 24 23 89
* * * * *
Principe
Martinique 19 21 18 19 77
Senegal 16 17 19 18 69
Mexico 22 23 22 21 88
Seychelles * * * * *
Netherlands
Sierra Leone 18 20 22 20 80 * * * * *
Antilles
Somalia 16 20 21 18 75 Nicaragua 20 22 22 21 85

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test 21

Table 16. (continued)

Country or Country or
Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total
Region Region
Panama 20 22 21 21 85 Myanmar 21 22 21 23 86
Paraguay 22 23 22 22 89 Nepal 20 22 22 22 85
Peru 21 23 21 22 87 Pakistan 22 23 24 23 92
Puerto Rico 19 22 22 20 82 Philippines 21 23 23 23 90
Saint Lucia * * * * * Singapore 24 25 24 24 98
Saint Martin Sri Lanka 22 23 23 22 89
* * * * *
(French Part)
Taiwan 23 23 20 21 87
Saint Vincent and * * * * * Tajikistan 16 18 20 18 72
the Grenadines
Sint Maarten Thailand 21 22 20 20 83
* * * * *
(Dutch Part)
Timor-Leste * * * * *
Suriname 19 23 23 22 88
Turkmenistan 19 21 21 20 80
Trinidad and 24 26 26 25 102 Uzbekistan 21 22 22 21 85
Tobago
United States 23 24 23 23 93 Viet Nam 22 22 20 22 86

Uruguay 24 25 23 23 94 Europe

Venezuela 20 22 22 20 84 Aland Islands * * * * *

Virgin Islands Albania 19 21 22 21 84

* * * * *
(British) Andorra * * * * *
Virgin Islands Armenia 19 21 22 21 83
* * * * *
(U.S.)
Austria 25 27 26 24 102
Asia
Belarus 21 22 22 21 86
Afghanistan 18 20 21 20 79
Belgium 25 26 24 24 98
Azerbaijan 19 20 21 20 81
Bosnia and
Bangladesh 22 23 22 22 89 21 24 23 22 90
Herzegovina
Bhutan 17 19 21 20 77 Bulgaria 24 25 23 23 95
Brunei Croatia 24 25 24 23 96
* * * * *
Darussalam
Cyprus 21 23 22 22 89
Cambodia 19 21 22 21 83
Czech Republic 23 25 24 23 95
China 23 22 20 22 87
Denmark 23 25 26 23 98
Christmas Island * * * * *
Estonia 24 25 24 23 96
Cocos (Keeling) * * * * *
Islands Faroe Islands * * * * *
Hong Kong 23 24 22 23 91 Finland 24 25 23 23 96
India 24 25 23 24 96 France 22 23 22 22 89
Indonesia 22 23 21 22 88 Georgia 21 23 23 22 89
Japan 19 19 17 18 73 Germany 25 26 25 24 100
Kazakhstan 21 21 19 20 81 Greece 24 25 23 23 94
Korea, Greenland * * * * *
Democratic 22 22 21 21 85 Hungary 24 25 24 23 96
People's
Republic of
Iceland 23 26 24 23 97
Korea, Republic 22 22 21 21 86 Ireland 22 24 25 24 94
of
Kyrgyzstan 18 20 21 19 78 Isle of Man * * * * *

Lao, People's Italy 24 24 22 22 94

Democratic 15 16 19 19 69 JERSEY * * * * *
Republic
Kosovo,
Macao 22 22 21 21 86 19 22 24 22 87
Republic of
Malaysia 23 24 22 23 92 Latvia 22 24 24 22 91
Maldives * * * * * Liechtenstein * * * * *
Mongolia 21 22 21 21 84 Lithuania 22 25 24 23 93

22 Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test

 Table 16. (continued)

Country or Country or
Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total
Region Region
Luxembourg 24 25 25 24 98 Saudi Arabia 19 22 21 19 81
Macedonia, Sudan 19 22 22 19 83
Former Yugoslav 22 24 24 23 92
Republic of Syrian Arab 20 22 22 20 83
Republic
Malta 24 27 25 25 102
United Arab 20 22 21 22 85
Moldova, Emirates
22 23 23 22 89
Republic of
Yemen 16 19 21 18 74
Monaco 23 24 23 22 93
Pacific
Montenegro 22 24 24 22 92
American Samoa 23 22 21 22 88
Netherlands 25 26 25 24 99
Australia 23 25 23 23 94
Norway 23 25 24 23 95
British Indian * * * * *
Poland 23 25 23 22 92 Ocean Territory
Portugal 23 25 23 23 94 Fiji * * * * *
Romania 23 25 23 23 95 French Polynesia 20 22 20 21 84
Russian Guam * * * * *
22 23 22 21 89
Federation
Kiribati * * * * *
San Marino * * * * *
Marshall Islands * * * * *
Serbia 22 25 24 23 93
Micronesia,
Slovakia 23 25 24 23 95 Federated * * * * *
Slovenia 25 26 25 24 100 States of
Nauru * * * * *
Spain 23 24 23 22 92
New Caledonia 22 23 21 22 88
Sweden 23 26 25 23 97
New Zealand 24 25 23 23 96
Switzerland 25 26 25 24 100
Niue * * * * *
Turkey 22 23 21 22 88
Norfolk Island * * * * *
Ukraine 21 23 22 21 88
Northern
United Kingdom 24 26 25 24 98 * * * * *
Mariana Islands
Middle East Palau * * * * *
Algeria 18 21 21 20 81 Papua New * * * * *
Guinea
Bahrain 22 23 24 23 92
Pitcairn * * * * *
Egypt 20 22 22 21 86
Samoa * * * * *
Iran, Islamic 24 25 21 23 93
Republic of Solomon Islands 18 19 21 22 80
Iraq 19 21 21 20 81 Tonga * * * * *
Israel 23 25 23 22 93 Tuvalu * * * * *
Jordan 19 21 22 20 82 Vanuatu * * * * *
Kuwait 21 22 19 20 82 Other
Lebanon 21 23 23 23 91 French
Southern and * * * * *
Libyan Arab Antarctic Lands
19 21 21 20 81
Jamahiriya
Heard and
Morocco 19 21 22 20 82 McDonald * * * * *
Oman 21 24 23 22 90 Islands

Palestine US Minor
18 20 21 20 79 * * * * *
Territories Outlying Islands

Qatar 19 21 22 20 82

1
Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30, as indicated by *.
Due to rounding, section score means may not add up to the total score mean.
2
Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain countries may have been added or deleted since the previous table was
published.

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT® Test 23

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