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Blinking Leds in Circular Pattern - PPTM

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14 views

Blinking Leds in Circular Pattern - PPTM

Uploaded by

shahirose824
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Blinking Leds in circular

pattern
Contents
Introduction
Circuit Components
Working of circuit
Conclusion
Demonstration of project
Introduction:
We made a circuit to blink 10 LEDS in circular pattern. First blink each
led one by one and the frequency increases or decreases depends on
555 timer IC. The circuit starts working when we touch both contacts
and when disconnects them the capacitor starts discharges the
frequency with which LEDS blinking decreases and stops.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
To make our circuit we use the
following components.
Breadboard
Breadboard Connectors
555 Timer IC
4017 IC
PNP Transistor (I used BC557)
Pic
10 LED’s
Resistors: 330R, 10K, 2 x 3.3M,
10M
Capacitors: 1uF, 100n
(5-12)V Power Supply
Bread board
We use bread board to make the circuit. An electronics
breadboard (as opposed to the type on which sandwiches
are made) is actually referring to a solderless breadboard.
These are great units for making temporary circuits and
prototyping, and they require absolutely no soldering. We
easily make circuits by using this.

555 Timer IC
A 555 timer is a type of integrated circuit, also known as
a chip, which is extremely popular for a variety of
purposes.
We use it is as a timer. We needs square wave form to
produce to operate 4017 IC. In order we use 555 timer
and to produce the 100nf capacitor has to charge and
discharge continuously.
The frequency of 555 timer is directly proportional to how
fast 100nF capacitor charges and discharges.
4017 IC: we use 4017IC which is a CMOS decade counter IC
consists of a 5 stage Johnson counter with 10 decoded outputs
that can count up to 10 decimals. Each output of this IC is
connected to each LED.

PNP Transistor (I used BC557):


We use PNP transistor . The PNP transistor is a type of
transistor in which one n-type material is doped with two
p-type materials. It is a device that is controlled by the current.
Both the emitter and collector currents were controlled by the
small amount of base
. If the voltage at the base is more towards negative the
transistor is biased and starts conducting current though the
collector and emitter pin otherwise no current flows between
collector and emitter pins.
Capacitors:
We use capacitor to store energy in the form of an electrical
charge producing a potential difference (Static Voltage)
across its plates, much like a small rechargeable battery.so
more charge occurs at the capacitor more voltage at the
base of transistor and starts conducting current between
collector and emitter of the transistor will be high.

Resistors:
We use resistor that limits or regulates the flow of
electrical current in a circuit. We also use Resistors to
provide a specific voltage for an active device such as
a transistor.
Circuit diagram

The following circuit design explains the design of the blinking LED( Light Emitting Diode) in circular
pattern with the 555
Collect all the required components and connect two wires one to
negative rail and other to positive rail which will be connected to
battery to blink the Leds.

Place transistor on breadboard, connect the emitter of the


transistor to the positive rail of breadboard. Connect the positive
terminal of 1 microfarad capacitor to positive rail. Connect one
terminal of 3.3 mega Ohm resistor to positive rail.

Connect 10 mega ohm resistor b/w the negative terminal of 1


micro farad capacitor and the other terminal to 3.3mega ohm
resistor.

Connect the common terminals of 10mega ohm and 3.3 mega


ohm resistor to the base of the transistor.
Place two touch connects one connected to the negative rail and
the other connected to the negative terminal of the one micro
farad capacitor.
Place 555 timer IC on breadboard.
Connect pin 1 to the negative rail and pin 8 to positive rail.
Connect pin 2 to 6 and 2 to 7 .connect pin 4 and 8 of 555
timers IC.
Place 3.3 mega ohm resistor and 100 micro farad b/w pin 2
of the 555 timer IC and negative rail.

Place 10kohm resistor between collector of transistor and


pin6 of 555 timer IC.

Place 4017 IC on bread board.


Connect pin 8 to negative rail and 16 to positive rail.
Connect pin 8 to 13 and 13 to 15 of 4017 IC .Connect output
of 555 timer IC which is at pin 3 to the clock input of 4017 IC
and pin 14.

We Placed ten LEDS on breadboard in circular pattern in a


way that anode of each LED lies in different column and
connect the cathodes of all the Leds.
We extended the negative rail.

Place 330kohm resistor between cathodes and negative rail


of the breadboard.
Working of the Circuit
The circuits start working when we touch both the
touch-contacts:
The 1uF capacitor charges because of current flowing through
finger. When a capacitor charges, the voltage at its positive
terminal approaches the voltage of positive rail, and the
voltage at its negative terminal approaches the voltage of
negative rail. And since the negative terminal of capacitor is
connected to the base of transistor via a 10M resistor, the
voltage at the base of transistor will be more
towards negative rail.
CONCLUSION
The Leds blink in circular pattern and its frequency is
controlled by 555 timer IC.
DEMONSTRATION
THE END

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