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I.H.shames Chapter 2 24.06.10

The document contains solutions to multiple physics problems involving vector addition and subtraction. Problem 2.1 asks to add a 20N force in the x-direction to a 50N force at 45 degrees in the first quadrant, finding the magnitude and direction of the resulting force. Problem 2.2 asks to subtract the 20N force from the 50N force in problem 2.1. Problem 2.3 asks to add three vectors graphically and analytically in the xy-plane.

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Prosun Biswas
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158 views6 pages

I.H.shames Chapter 2 24.06.10

The document contains solutions to multiple physics problems involving vector addition and subtraction. Problem 2.1 asks to add a 20N force in the x-direction to a 50N force at 45 degrees in the first quadrant, finding the magnitude and direction of the resulting force. Problem 2.2 asks to subtract the 20N force from the 50N force in problem 2.1. Problem 2.3 asks to add three vectors graphically and analytically in the xy-plane.

Uploaded by

Prosun Biswas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problems :_ I.H. Shames 2.

1 Add a 20 N force pointing in the positive x direction to a 50 N force at an angle 45 to the x axis in the first quadrant and directed away from the origin. Answer: In the figure forces 20N and 50N are represented in magnitude, direction and sense by OA and OB respectively.
B 50N
R

45

20N

The resultant R is represented by OC in magnitude and direction. Magnitude of Resultant (R) R = (202 + 502 + 2 20 50cos45)1/2 N= 65.68 N Direction of Resultant Vector:

= tan -1[(50sin45o)/(20+50cos45o)] =32.56o

2.2

Subtract the 20 N force from in problem 2.1 from the 50 N force.

Answer: In the figure forces 20N and 50N are represented in magnitude, direction and sense by OA and OB respectively.

C R1 50N

135

The resultant R1 is represented by OC in magnitude and direction. Magnitude of Resultant (R1) R1 = (202 + 502 + 2 20 50cos135)1/2 N= 38.545 N Direction of Resultant Vector:

= tan -1[(50sin135o)/(20+50cos135o)] = - 66.52o

2.3 Add the vectors in the xy plane. Do this first graphically, using the force polygon, and then do it analytically.
y 10N (7,5) 20N (10,2)

60 (1,1)

45 10N

Answer:

45o 10N R 20N

10N o 60

Graphical Representation Analytical Representation r r Let a = 20i N r r r b = (10 cos 60oi + 10sin 60o j ) N r r r c = (10 cos 45oi 10 cos 45o j ) N r r r r r r r r a + b + c = 20i + (10 cos 60oi + 10sin 60o j ) + (10 cos 45oi 10 cos 45o j ) N r r = (17.93i + 1.589 j ) N 2.6 Force A (given as a horizontal 10 N force) and B (vertical) add up to a force C that has a magnitude of 20 N. What is the magnitude of force B and the direction of force C? (For the simplest result, use the force polygon, which for this case is a right triangle, and perform analytical computations.)
y B C

10N x

Answer:
y C 20N 10N o 60 10N B

A x

From the triangle we can write, 10 1 cos = = = 60o 20 2 B And tan = B = 10 tan 60o N = 17.32 N A 2.10. What is the sum of the forces transmitted by the structural rods to the pin at A?
400 N A 40 500 N

Answer:
400N
R

40

500N

Using parallelogram law, R = (5002 + 4002 + 2 500 400cos40o)1/2 N= 846.4 N Direction of Resultant Vector:

= tan -1[(400sin40o)/(500+400cos40o)] =17.68o [ with horizontal ]


2.48 Given the vectors u r r r r u r r r r u r r r r A = 6i + 3 j + 10k ; B = 2i 5 j + 5k and C = 5i 2 j + 7k u r what vector D gives the following ? u u r r u u r r u r r D A = 20; D B = 5 and D i = 10 Answer: u r r r r u r r r r u r r r r A = 6i + 3 j + 10k ; B = 2i 5 j + 5k and C = 5i 2 j + 7 k u r r r r Let D = xi + y j + zk u u r r r r r r r r D A = 20 ( xi + y j + zk ) (6i + 3 j + 10k ) = 20 6 x + 3 y + 10 z = 20 (i )

u u r r r r r r r r D B = 5 ( xi + y j + zk ) (2i 5 j + 5k ) = 5 2 x 5 y + 5 z = 5 (ii ) u r r r r r r and D i = 10 ( xi + y j + zk ) i = 10 x = 10 (iii ) Solving equations (i ), (ii ) and (iii ), we get , 10 y = = 0.769 and z = 3.77 13 u r r r r D = 10i 0.769 j 3.77 k 2.52 A block A is constrained to move along a 20 incline in the yz plane. How far does the block have to move if the force F is to do 10 Nm of work?

F=10i+20j+15k A 20
y

Answer: r r r Displacement is r = (cos 20o j + sin 20ok )r N where r is the magnitude of displacement. u r r r r r r r F r = 10 (10i + 20 j + 15k ) (cos 20o j + sin 20ok )r = 10 Or , (0 + 20 cos 20o + 15sin 20o)r = 10 10 r = m = 0.418 m o 20 cos 20 + 15sin 20o Therefore required distance = 0.418 m. 2.54 A force vector of magnitude 100N has a line of action with direction cosines l = 0.7, m = 0.2, n = 0.59 relative to a reference xyz. The vector points away from the origin. What is the component of the force vector along a direction a having direction cosines l = 0.3, m = 0.1 and n = 0.95 for the xyz reference? (Hint: Whenever simply a component is asked for, it is virtually always the rectangular component that is desired.) Answer: u r r r r F = 100(li + m j + nk ) r r r r r r = 100(0.7i + 0.2 j + 0.59k ) = 70i + 20 j + 59k r r r r r r r Unit vector along a = li + m j + nk = 0.3i + 0.1 j + 0.95k

Fcos

ur u r Component of F along a is ur r u u r r F cos = F a cos = F a r r r r r r = (70i + 20 j + 59k ) (0.3i + 0.1 j + 0.95k ) N = (21 + 2 + 56.05) N = 37.05 N u r u r What are the cross and dot products for the vectors A and B given as: u r r r r u r r r r A = 6i + 3 j + 4k and B = 8i 3 j + 2k ? Answer: 2.64 u u r r r r r r r r A B = (6i + 3 j + 4k ) (8i 3 j + 2k ) r r u u r i j k r r r = 6 3 4 = 18i + 20 j 42k 8 3 2 u u r r r r r r r r A B = (6i + 3 j + 4k ) (8i 3 j + 2k ) = 48 9 + 8 = 47 r 2.68 Making use of the cross product, give the unit vector n normal to the inclined surface ABC. [OC = 10m, OB = 8m].
z
C 10m O A x 8m B 150
y

Answer: From figure we can write, < OBA = 30o and < BOA = 90o AO = OB tan 30o = 8 tan 30om = 4.618m Coordinates of the points A, B and C are A (4.618,0,0), B (0,8,0) and C (0,0,10) respectively. uu ur r r r AB = 4.618i + 8 j + 0k uu ur r r r AC = 4.618i + 0 j + 10k ur ur r r r r r r 1 uu uu 1 Area = ( AB AC ) = (4.618i + 8 j + 0k ) (4.618i + 0 j + 10k ) 2 2 r r r = (40i + 23.09 j + 18k )

Unit vector =

r r r 40i + 23.09 j + 18k (402 + 23.092 + 182 )

r r r = 0.804i + 0.464 j + 0.371k

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