LAB REPORT

Experiment No: 06
Experiment Name: Design and Study of a Wien Bridge Oscillator
using 741 op-amp circuit for a frequency of oscillation of 1.6 KHz
Course Title: Electronic Circuits II Lab
Course Code: EEE 2104
Section: 01

Submitted to:
Md. Shahjalal, PhD
Assistant Professor
School of Science & Engineering
ULAB

.0

Submitted by:
Name: Md. Shahriyer Islam Ohim
ID: 231016009
Department: EEE
Semester: 4th (Spring 2024)

Submission Date: 10th March, 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To Design and Study a Wien Bridge Oscillator using 741 op-amp circuit for a frequency of
oscillation of 1.6 KHz

THEORY:
Wein Bridge Oscillator is an electronic device that generates sine waves. In the year 1891,
Max Wein developed a bridge circuit to measure the impedances. William R. Hewlett
designed the Wein-Bridge Oscillator using the Wein bridge circuit and the differential
amplifier. The Wein bridge is connected in a positive feedback loop between the amplifier
output and differential inputs. This can also be viewed as a band-pass filter that provides
positive feedback connected to a positive gain amplifier. The bridge circuit is composed of
four resistors and two capacitors. The bridge is balanced at the oscillating frequency and has
a very low transfer ratio.
Wein Bridge Oscillator is a two-staged RC coupled amplifier circuit. It has a feedback loop
with a series R1C1 circuit, also known as a High-pass Filter circuit, connected to a parallel
R2C2 circuit called a Low-pass Filter circuit. This connection forms a selective second-order
frequency-dependent Band-pass filter. This filter has a high Q-factor at a selected frequency.
The component values of both the RC circuits are the same. At the resonant frequency, the
signal's phase shift will be 0 and the circuit will have good stability and low distortions.
Besides RC circuits the other two arms of the Weinbridge consist of two more resistors R3,
R4. Below is the circuit diagram of a Wein bridge oscillator using OP-Amp.
When higher frequencies are applied, the reactance of the capacitors connected in the Wein-
bridge is very low. This short
circuits the resistor R2 and its output
voltage will be zero. At lower
frequencies, the higher reactance of
the capacitors is observed, and
capacitor C1 acts as an open circuit
thereby causing the output voltage to
be zero. This feature of Wein-bridge
observed at the application of lower
and higher frequencies, makes it a
lead-lag circuit. Here Op-Amp is
used as the non-inverting amplifier.
The output voltage from the Wein-
bridge is fed back to both inverting
and non-inverting terminals of the Op-amp. Figure 01: Wein Bridge Oscillator Using Op-
amp

In a Wein bridge oscillator, when lower to higher frequencies are applied, at a particular
frequency, the value of resistance and capacitor reactance becomes equal to each other. At
this point, the maximum output voltage is observed. This frequency where maximum voltage
is derived is known as the “Resonance Frequency” of the Wein bridge oscillator and is
1
denoted as fr. The formula for the calculation of resonant frequency is as follows f =
2 πRC
At the resonant frequency, the phase shift between input and output will be zero. The
magnitude of the output voltage will be one-third of the input voltage.
The output of the op-amp is given as input to the bridge circuit from points a and c. The
output from the bridge is derived from points b and d and given as input to the op-amp. A
portion of the amplifier output is feedback to the positive or non-inverting terminal of the op-
amp through the voltage divider circuit, formed by the series combination of resistor and
capacitor. Another portion of the output is feedback to the negative or inverting terminal of
the op-amp, through the impedance of 2R magnitude.
Here, the feedback network provides zero phase shift. Since the amplifier is non-inverting it
also has zero phase shift. Hence, the combination of feedback bridge and non-inverting
amplifier produces zero phase shift around the loop. Thus, the required condition for the
generation of oscillations is achieved.

APPARATUS:
 Breadboard,
 741 op-amp IC
 Resistors,
 Capacitors
 Power supply,
 Multimeter,
 Oscilloscope.
 Wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
 Figure 02: Circuit Diagram and output signal

PROCEDURE:
1. Calculate the required resistor value.
2. Connect the circuit is as shown in Fig-2. Keep the resistance and capacitor
3. Insert bias voltage of +12V with pin 7 and -12V with pin 4.
4. Get the output signal from pin 6 by using Oscilloscope.
5. Adjust the voltage sensitivity band switch and time–baseband switch such that at least
two or more complete sine waves are observed on the screen of the Oscillator.
6. Also adjust the resistance R3 value till the wave formed on the screen is stationary
Oscillator

Figure 03: Implemented Circuit Design in Lab

CALCULATION:
Theoretical Value
Given that,
Frequency f, = 1.6 kHz
R = R1 = R2 = 1kΩ
C = C1 = C2 = 0.1μF
We know that,
1
f=
2 πRC
1
R=
2 πfC
1
R= 3 −6 = 994.71Ω ≈ 1kHz
2 π ×1.6 ×10 × 0.1× 10
Again,
1 1
T= = =625 μs
f 1.6 ×10 3

Practical Value,
R = 359Ω
f = 2.19 kHz
T = 456μs

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Check the connections before giving the power supply.
2. Observations should be done carefully.
3.
REFERENCES:
1. https://ae-iitr.vlabs.ac.in/exp/wein-bridge-oscillator/theory.html
DISCUSSION:
The Wien Bridge Oscillator circuit using the 741 op-amp successfully generated a sinusoidal
waveform at the desired frequency of 1.6 kHz. The choice of resistor and capacitor values in
the feedback network played a crucial role in determining the frequency of oscillation. The
stability and waveform characteristics were observed to be satisfactory. In conclusion, the
experiment demonstrated the design and implementation of a Wien Bridge Oscillator circuit
using a 741 operational amplifier for generating a sinusoidal waveform at a frequency of 1.6
kHz. The experiment successfully achieved the desired output and provided valuable insights
into the operation of RC oscillators. But the theoretical and practical data are not same. It
might be for operational amplifiers characteristics and parasitic elements. Throughout the
experiment the wave form must be sinusoidal but after experiment we got a square wave
form. It was occurred for the error of the elements.