ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER

GRAMMAR LESSONS
FOR

Join us and learn the language of ‘William Shakespeare’.

Get wise or die tryin´!

By: APOLINÁRIO

Tel. 946 071 365/ 933 233 593

E-mail: [email protected]

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-01
Overview: Greetings and What´s your name.

1-GREETINGS.
Definition:
*Greetings or salutations→ Are words used to greet people.
E.g.: Hello, Robert! Hi, Christopher!
Hello, Shirley! Hi, Marques!

We can also greet people according to the three periods of day, which are:
Morning, Afternoon and Evening.
A)-Good morning!
B)-Good afternoon!
C)-Good evening!
Note: If we know the name of the person that we are greeting, we can use it at the end.

To answer to these forms of greetings we simply repeat it! For example:

1-a) Good morning, David! 2-a) Good afternoon, Susan! 3-a) Good evening, Tracy!
b) Good morning, Peter! b) Good afternoon, Helen! b) Good evening, Mike!

Note: The expression "good evening" is different from "good night". Because
"good evening" is used to greet, but "good night" is used to say good-bye at night.

2-WHAT IS YOUR NAME?

To ask names in the English language we can make different questions. Notice
the following examples:
A-Your name, please!
B-What is your name, please?
C-Can you tell me your name, please?
D-Can I know your name, please?
E-Would you tell me your name, please?
F-Would you mind telling me your name, please?
G-Do you mind telling me your name, please?

To answer we can also use different expressions. For example:

A: My name is…
A: I am …
A: People call me by…
A: My full-name is…
A: My complete name is…
A: My family name is…
A: My surname is…
A: My last name is…
A: My pet-name is… or my nick-name is…
ABBREVIATIONS or SHORT FORMS:
What is…= what´s… My name is…= my name´s… I am…= I´m…

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-02
Overview: The English alphabet.

The English alphabet has got 26 (twenty-six) letters. It begins on “A” and ends
on “Z”. It is divided into three different groups, which are: Vowels, Semi-vowels and
Consonants.
1-There are 5 (five) vowels. The vowels are: A, E, I, O and U.
2-There are 2 (two) semi-vowels. The semi-vowels are: W and Y.
3-All the rest are the consonants.

This is the English alphabet. Listen to the pronunciation and study it carefully:

A-[e:i] F-[e:f] K-[kei] P-[pi] U-[iú:]

B-[bi] G-[dgi] L-[e:l] Q-[kiú] V-[vi:]
C-[ci] H-[ei:t∫] M-[e:m] R-[a: /a*] W-[dabliu/ double-vi]
D-[di] I-[a:i] N-[e:n] S-[e:ss] X-[e:ks]
E-[i:] J-[dje:i] O-[o:u] T-[ti:] Y-[Ưai]
Z-[zi:/ ze:d]
EXERCISES:
1- How many letters does the English alphabet have?
A: The English alphabet has twenty-six letters.

2- Into how many groups are they divided?

A: They are divided into three different groups.

3- How many vowels and semi-vowels are there?

A: There are five vowels and two semi-vowels.

4- How many consonants are there, please?

A: There are nineteen consonants.

5- What is the first and the last letter of the English alphabet?
A: The first letter of the English alphabet is “A” and the last letter is “Z”.

Some useful expressions.

1-Please, spell the English alphabet from “A” to “Z”.

2-Can you spell your full-name, please?

3-Please, spell the name of your English school.

4-Spell the vowels only, please!

5-Spell the consonants, please!

6-Let´s make a short orthography by spelling.

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n- 03
Overview: Permission.

Definition:
*Permission→ Is the right or authorization to do something.
E.g. : May I make you a question, please?
Can you tell me your name, please?
May we write, teacher?

To ask for permission in English we can use “May” or “Can”. And to be more polite,
we have to use the word “Please” at the beginning or at the end of the question.
E.g. : May I see it, please? May I repeat it, please?
Please, may I see it? Please, may I repeat it?

Here you are other examples of permission:

1-a) - May I come in, please? 2-a) -May I go out, please?
b) - May I go in, please? b) -May I get out, please?
c) - May I get in, please? c) -May I move out, please?
d) - May I move in, please?

To answer to all these questions we can simply say:

A: Yes, you may. (Yes, you can).
B: No, you may not. (No, you cannot)
C: Wait a moment, please! / One minute, please! / One second, please! / Just a moment,
please!

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-04
Overview: Leavings.

Def:
Leavings or Farewells—Are words that we use to say somebody goodbye.
Eg: 1 a)-See you tomorrow, Peter! 2 a)-Goodbye, Mary!
b)-See you tomorrow, Mike! B)-Goodbye, Hellen!

Here you are other examples of leavings or farewells:

--See you! --Dream about me!
--See you long! --Have a nice dream!
--See you later! --Stay well!
--See you sight! --Stay with God!
--See you next time! --Go well!
--See you another time! --Go with God!
--See you never! --God bless you!
--See you on Monday! --May God bless your family!
--See you on Sunday! --Good trip!
--See you next week! --Have a save trip home!
--See you next weekend! --I wish you a good day!
--See you next month! --Good night for all of you!
--See you next year! --Good weekend for everybody!
--See you next century! --Goodbye!
--See you next millennium --Bye-bye!

To answer to these forms of Leavings or Farewells we can simply repeat it or

say: “Thanks, the same to you!” or “you, too!”
Now let´s practice!

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-05
Overview: Personal Pronouns.

Def:
Personal Pronouns—Are words used to replace names of people, things or
animals.
E.g.: 1-R.Kelly is a singer.—He is a singer.
2-Mary and Paul live in America—They live in America.
3-Telephone is very important—It is very important.

In the English language there are eight (8) personal pronouns. They are divided
into two groups, which are: Singular and Plural. These are the personal pronouns:
1-I---------(ai)→Eu.
2-YOU---(Јu)→Tu/ Você.
3-HE------(hí)→Ele.
4-SHE-—(ʃi)→Ela.
5-IT-------(it)→Isso/ Isto (pronome pessoal neutro. Designa animais ou coisas).
6-WE-----(wi)→Nós.
7-YOU---(ju)→Vós/ Vocês.
8-THEY-(ðe:i)→Eles/ Elas.

EXAMPLES:

1-I study English at “Morning Light”

2-You live at Cassenda quarter.

3-He works in the afternoon period.

4-She speaks English perfectly.

5-It is really beautiful.

6-We go to church on Sundays.

7-You play football together.

8-They have a big house.

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 ENGLISH TEACHIN CENTER
Lesson n-06
Overview: Conjugation of verb “To Be” (ser e estar) —Present.

It is completely impossible to speak the English language very well not knowing
the conjugation of verb “to be”, because it is the base of this language. To conjugate this
verb in present we use 3 (three) different conjugations, which are: Am (ə:m), Is (i:z)
and Are (a:). Study the conjugation of verb “to be”:

VERB TO BE—PRESENT.
Pres. Affir. Pres. Negat. Pres. Inter.. Pres. I. Negat.
I am I am not Am I...? Am I not...?
You are You are not Are you...? Are you not...?
He is He is not Is he...? Is he not...?
She is She is not Is she...? Is she not...?
It is It is not Is it...? Is it not..?
We are We are not Are we...? Are we not...?
You are You are not Are you...? Are you not...?
They are They are not Are they...? Are they not...?

EXAMPLES:
1-Pres. Aff. : I am the manager of Morning Light.
Pres. Neg. : I am not the manager of Morning Light.
Pres. Inter. : Am I the manager of Morning Light?
Pres. I. Neg. : Am I not the manager of Morning Light?

2-Pres. Aff. : She is really beautiful.

Pres. Neg. : She is not really beautiful.
Pres. Inter. : Is she really beautiful?
Pres. I. Neg. : Is she not really beautiful?

3-Pres. Aff. : We are beginners at Morning Light.

Pres. Neg. : We are not beginners at Morning Light.
Pres. Inter. : Are we beginners at Morning Light?
Pres. I. Neg: Are we not beginners at Morning Light?

4-Pres. Aff. : He is my best football player.

Pres. Neg. : He is not my best football player.
Pres. Inter. : Is he my best football player?
Pres. I. Neg.: Is he not my best football player?

5-Pres. Aff. : They are your parents.

Pres. Neg. : They are not your parents.
Pres. Inter. : Are they your parents?
Pres. I. Neg. : Are they not your parents?

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-07
Overview: The articles

In the English language, there are two kinds of articles. Namely: Definite and
Indefinite articles.
1-Definite article.
In the English language there is just one definite article ―“The”, which means
in Portuguese: A, O, As and Os. It can be used for plural and singular.
Examples: a) - The name of my school is MORNING LIGHT.
b) - The house of my second brother is very big.
c) - The books that I have are interesting.
d) - The people in my country are sympathetic.
e) - The car of my teacher is new.
f) - The soft drinks are on the table.
g) - The students are in the classroom.
h) - The blue pen is not writing.

2-Indefinite articles.
In the English language there are two indefinite articles ―“A” and “An”, which
means in Portuguese: Um, Uma, Uns and Umas. They can be used for singular.

Notice the difference between them:

1-“A” →is used before a consonant sound.
2-“An”→is used before a vowel sound.

E.g.: *A car *A student *An orange *An actor

*A person *A boy *An egg *An answer
*A teacher * A radio *An obligation *An association
*A television *A dictionary *An umbrella *An autograph
*A pen *A computer *An elephant *An orphanage
*A school *A printer *An apple *An option

Exercises:
Fill in the gapes using the articles: “The”, “A” or “An”.

Angola is …….. country located in Africa. Luanda is …….. province of Angola.

For your information, Africa is …....... continent. Nigeria is ….….. biggest country in
Africa. …….. name of my English teacher is Mr. Marques. English is ……...
international language. Telephone is ….….. very important thing. For me, ….….. best
football team is Inter football club, because they play well. “Janela Aberta” is ……..
good programme. My father is …….. engineer, but my mother is …….. police officer.

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n- 08
Overview: Demonstrative pronouns.

Definition:
*Demonstrative Pronouns→ Are words that we use to demonstrate or to show
people, animals, things or places.
E.g.: This is my English teacher, Mr. Marques.
That is the house of Mary.

In the English language, there are four demonstrative pronouns, which are:
1-This [di:s] →Express near (singular) →Esse (a), este(a), isso, isto.
2-That [da:t] →Express far (singular) →Aquele (a), aquilo.
3-These [di:z] →Express near (plural) →Esses (as), estes (as).
4-Those [do:z] →Express far (plural) →Aqueles (as).

Here you are other examples of demonstrative pronouns:

A) -These are my exercise books.
B) -That is the Director of Morning Light.
C) -Those are my beloved children.
D) -This is the story of Bob Marley.
E)-These are my friends, José and Maria.
F)-That is the house of my English teacher.
G)-Those are your toys.
H)-This is my favorite film.

Note: This and That are always followed by the conjugation is because they are
in singular. However, these and those are followed by are because they are in plural.

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n- 09
Overview: Objects used at school.

Every time we go to school, we take several objects, materials or tools to use

there. On today’s lesson, we are going to talk about some of the objects that we use at
school. Study them very carefully:

1-School 12-Manager 23-Table 34-Pencil-sharpener 45-Printer

2-Public school 13-Secretary 24-Chair 35-Rubber 46-Calculator
3-Private school 14-Students 25-Desk 36-Rule 47-Perfurator
4-Class-room 15-Pupils 26-Book 37-Correction-pen 48-Stapler
5-Waiting-room 16-Board 27-Copy-book 38-Calendar 49-Staple
6-Teacher´s room 17-Chalk 28-Note-book 39-Play-ground 50-Clipper
7-Director 18-Marker 29-Dictionary 40-Door 51-Compass
8-Head-master 19-Duster 30-Paper 41-Window 52-Square
9-Principal 20-Eraser 31-Pen 42-Corridor 53-Security
10-Teacher 21-Stick 32-Pencil 43- Door-bell 54-Gate-man
11-Office 22-Map 33-Bag 44- Computer 55-Warning-board

EXERCISES:
Form 15 (fifteen) phrases about the objects used at school, using one of the
words above!

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-º 11 Overview: Cardinal Numbers.
Cardinal Numbers: Are Numbers that we use to describe quantity.
Cardinal Numbers from 1 to 1 million:
0- Zero 22- Twenty-two
1- One 30- Thirty
2- Two 40- Forty
3- Three 50- Fifty
4- Four 60- Sixty
5- Five 70- Seventy
6- Six 80- Eighty
7- Seven 90- Ninety
8- Eight 100- A Hundred/ One Hundred
9- Nine 101- A Hundred and one/ One
10- Ten Hundred and one
11- Eleven 110- A Hundred and ten/ One
12- Twelve Hundred and ten
13- Thirteen 200- Two Hundred
14- Fourteen 1000- A Thousand / One Thousand
15- Fifteen 1010- A Thousand and ten/ One
16- Sixteen Thousand and ten
17- Seventeen 2000- Two Thousand
18- Eighteen 10.000- Ten Thousand
19- Nineteen 100.000- A Hundred Thousand
20- Twenty 1.000.000- A Million/ One Million
21- Twenty-one 1.000.000.000- A Billion/ One Billion
.

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 ENGLISH TEACHIN CENTER
Lesson n-11
Overview: Conjugation of verb “To Be” (ser e estar) —Past.

It is completely impossible to speak the English language very well not knowing
the conjugation of verb “to be”, because it is the base of this language. To conjugate this
verb in past we use 2 (two) different conjugations, which are: Was (wo:z), and Were
(wə:). Study the conjugation of verb “to be”:

VERB TO BE—PAST.
Past Affir. Past Negat. Past Inter.. Past I. Negat.
I was I was not Was I...? Was I not...?
You were You were not Were you...? Were you not...?
He was He was not Was he...? Was he not...?
She was She was not Was she...? Was she not...?
It was It was not Was it...? Was it not..?
We were We were not Were we...? Were we not...?
You were You were not Were you...? Were you not...?
They were They were not Were they...? Were they not...?

EXAMPLES:
1-Past Aff. : I was the manager of Morning Light.
Past Neg. : I was not the manager of Morning Light.
Past Inter. : Was I the manager of Morning Light?
Past I. Neg. : Was I not the manager of Morning Light?

2-Past Aff. : She was really beautiful.

Past Neg. : She was not really beautiful.
Past Inter. : Was she really beautiful?
Past I. Neg. : Was she not really beautiful?

3-Past Aff. : We were beginners at Morning Light.

Past Neg. : We were not beginners at Morning Light.
Past Inter. : Were we beginners at Morning Light?
Past I. Neg: Were we not beginners at Morning Light?

4-Past Aff. : He was my best football player.

Past Neg. : He was not my best football player.
Past Inter. : Was he my best football player?
Past I. Neg.: Was he not my best football player?

5-Past Aff. : They were your parents.

Past Neg. : They were not your parents.
Past Inter. : Were they your parents?
Past I. Neg. : Were they not your parents?

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-12
Overview: Possessive Pronouns.

Possessive Pronouns→ Are words that we use to show possession.

E.g.: My best friend, tony, is an electrician.
Your house is not very big.
Our country is rich.

In the English language there are eight possessive pronouns, which are
1-My [mai]→ My older brother is in the United States of America.
2-Your [yo]→ Your favorite singer is Phil Collins.
3-His [hiz]→ His son is a very polite boy.
4-Her [he:*]→ Her boyfriend is my neighbor.
5-Its [itz]→ It is only beautiful because of its color.
6-Our [auǝ:*]→ Our parents work hard to give us food.
7-Your [yo]→ Your passports, please!
8-Their [ðɛr:*]→ Their children study in a private school.

EXERCISES:
Form 2 (two) examples for each possessive pronoun!

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n- 13 Overview: Be´s and Don´t be´s.

These expressions are used to say what we think is better for someone to do─I
mean, to advise him.

Be´s: Don´t be´s:

Be calm Don´t be a liar.
Be cool Don’t be a boastful
Be serious Don’t be funny
Be honest Don´t be dishonest
Be courageous Don´t be afraid ⁄ Don´t be scared
Be happy Don´t be sad
Be wise Don´t be a stupid ⁄ Don´t be a fool.
Be thankful Don´t be unthankful.
Be frank Don’t be lazy
Be loyal Don´t be disloyal.
Be yourself Don’t be jealous
Be obedient Don’t be disobedient
Be kind Don´t be unkind

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n- 14 Overview: Conjugation of verb to have, to go and to do.
1-To have →To conjugate this verb we use two different conjugations, which are: Have and Has
(This last conjugation can only be used for He, She and It. For example:
Pres. Affir. Pres. Negat. Pres. Inter. Pres. Inter. Negat.
I have I don’t have Do I have? Don’t I have?
You have You don’t have Do you have? Don’t you have?
He has He doesn’t have Does he have? Doesn’t he have?
She has She doesn’t have Does she have? Doesn’t she have?
It has It doesn’t have Does it have? Doesn’t it have?
We have We don’t have Do we have? Don’t we have?
You have You don’t have Do you have? Don’t you have?
They have They don’t have Do they have? Don’t they have?
NOTE: For negative form we use “Don’t” (Do not) , but for He, She and It we use “Doesn’t”
(Does not).
Examples:
1- I have ten brothers. 2- She has five belts.
I don’t have ten brothers. She doesn’t have five belts.
Do I have ten brothers? Does she have five belts?
Don’t I have ten brothers? Doesn’t she have five belts?

Overview: Conjugation of verb To go.

1-To go →To conjugate this verb we use two different conjugations, which are: Go and Goes
(This last conjugation can only be used for He, She and It. For example:
Pres. Affir. Pres. Negat. Pres. Inter. Pres. Inter. Negat.
I go I don’t go Do I go? Don’t I go?
You go You don’t go Do you go? Don’t you go?
He goes He doesn’t go Does he go? Doesn’t he go?
She goes She doesn’t go Does she go? Doesn’t she go?
It goes It doesn’t go Does it go? Doesn’t it go?
We go We don’t go Do we go? Don’t we go?
You go You don’t go Do you go? Don’t you go?
They go They don’t go Do they go? Don’t they go?
Examples:
1- I go to school every day. 2- She goes to work early.
I don’t go to school every day. She doesn’t go to work early.
Do I go to school every day? Does she go to work early?
Don’t I go to school every day? Doesn’t she go to work early?

Overview: Conjugation of verb To do.

To conjugate this verb we use two conjugations, which are: Do and Does. This last conjugation
is only used for the personal pronouns: He, She and It. For example:
Pres. Affirm. Pres. Negat. Pres. Inter. Pres. Inter. Negat.
I do I don’t do Do I do? Don’t I do?
You do You don’t do Do you do? Don’t you do?
He does He doesn’t do Does he do? Doesn’t he do?
She does She doesn’t do Does she do? Doesn’t she do?
It does It doesn’t do Does it do? Doesn’t it do?
We do We don’t do Do we do? Don’t we do?
You do You don’t do Do you do? Don’t you do?
They do They don’t do Do they do? Don’t they do?
Examples:
1- I do my home work everyday. Do I do my home work everyday?
I don’t do my home work everyday. Don’t I do my home work everyday?

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n- 15
Overview: The auxiliary verbs Do (does) and did.

1-Do ⁄ Does →Are used to make questions in present. Does is only used for the
personal pronouns: He, She and It.
E.g. ─Do you believe in God?
─Do they speak the same language?
─Does he work in this company?
─Does she live here?
─Does it belong to you?
─Do we like classical music?
─Do they go to school everyday

To make negatives we use don’t or doesn’t. Doesn’t is only used for He, She
and It.
E.g.─You don’t believe in God.
─They don’t speak the same language.
─He doesn’t work in this company.
─She doesn’t live here.
─It doesn’t belong to you.
─We don’t like classical music.
─They don’t go to school everyday.
Note: When we use does or doesn’t the principal verb remains in simple present.

2-Did→Is used to make questions in past for all the personal pronouns without
exception.
E.g.─Did you believe in God?
─Did they speak the same language?
─Did he work in this company?
─Did she live here?
─Did it belong to you?
─Did we like classical music?
─Did they go to school everyday?

To make negatives in past we use didn’t for all personal pronouns.

E.g.─You didn’t believe in God.
─They didn’t speak the same language.
─He didn’t work in this company.
─She didn’t live here.
─It didn’t belong to you.
─We didn’t like classical music.
─They didn’t go to school everyday.

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson № 16 Overview: Grammar Study.
Topic: The third person of verb.
1-To talk about the third person of verb is talking about the personal pronouns:
He, She and It. When we conjugate a verb, we add “s” for these personal pronouns.
E.g.:
To come: To live: To write: To read: To love:
I come I live I write I read I love
You come You live You write You read You love
He comes He lives He writes He reads He loves
She comes She lives She writes She reads She loves
It comes It lives It writes It reads It loves
We come We live We write We read We love
You come You live You write You read You love
They come They live They write They read They love
2-But it is different for these three verbs. Notice the difference between them:
To go: To have: To do:
I go I have I do
You go You have You do
He goes He has He does
She goes She has She does
It goes It has It does
We go We have We do
You go You have You do
They go They have They do
3-For verbs that end into a consonant + y, we clean "y" and put "ies". For
example:
To try: To cry: To fry: To fly: To deny
I try I cry I fry I fly I deny
You try You cry You fry You fly You deny
He tries He cries He fries He flies He denies
She tries She cries She fries She flies She denies
It tries It cries It fries It flies It denies
We try We cry We fry We fly We deny
You try You cry You fry You fly You deny
They try They cry They fry They fly They deny
4-For verbs that end into a consonant + y, we don’t clean "y". We simply add
"s". For example:
To Play: To Pay: To Say To Pray: To Obey:
I play I pay I say I pray I obey
You play You pay You say You pray You obey
He plays He pays He says He prays He obeys
She plays She pays She says She prays She obeys
It plays It pays It says It prays It obeys
We play We pay We say We pray We obey

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 ENGLISH TEACHIN CENTER
Lesson n-17
Overview: Conjugation of verb “To Be” (ser e estar) —Future.

It is completely impossible to speak the English language very well not knowing
the conjugation of verb “to be”, because it is the base of this language. To conjugate this
verb in future we use 2 (two) different conjugations, which are: Shall (∫o:l), and Will
(wi:l), followed by “be”. Study the conjugation of verb “to be”:
VERB TO BE—FUTURE.
Fut. Affir. Fut. Negat. Fut. Inter.. Fut. I. Negat.
I shall be I shall not be Shall I be...? Shall I not be...?
You will be You will not be Will you be...? Will you not be...?
He will be He will not be Will he be...? Will he not be...?
She will be She will not be Will she be...? Will she not be...?
It will be It will not be Will it be...? Will it not be..?
We shall be We shall not be Shall we be...? Shall we not be...?
You will be You will not be Will you be...? Will you not be...?
They will be They will not be Will they be...? Will they not be...?

NOTE: “Shall” is only used for the personal pronouns I and We. But “Will”
can be used for all the personal pronouns without exception! (I, you, he, she, it, we you
and they).
EXAMPLES:
1-Fut. Aff. : I shall be the manager of Morning Light.
Fut. Neg. : I shall not be the manager of Morning Light.
Fut. Inter. : Shall I be the manager of Morning Light?
Fut. I. Neg. : Shall I not be the manager of Morning Light?

2-Fut. Aff. : She will really be beautiful.

Fut. Neg. : She will not really be beautiful.
Fut. Inter. : Will she really be beautiful?
Fut. I. Neg. : Will she not really be beautiful?

3-Fut. Aff. : We shall be beginners at Morning Light.

Fut. Neg. : We shall not be beginners at Morning Light.
Fut. Inter. : Shall we be beginners at Morning Light?
Fut. I. Neg: Shall we not be beginners at Morning Light?

4-Fut. Aff. : He will be my best football player.

Fut. Neg. : He will not be my best football player.
Fut. Inter. : Will he be my best football player?
Fut. I. Neg.: Will he not be my best football player?

5-Fut. Aff. : They will be your parents.

Fut. Neg. : They will not be your parents.
Fut. Inter. : Will they be your parents?
Fut. I. Neg. : Will they not be your parents?

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n- 18
Overview: The days of the week.

The week has got seven days. It begins on Sunday and ends on Saturday. These
are the days of the week:

Sunday →Is the 1st (first) day of the week.

Monday →Is the 2nd (second) day of the week.
Tuesday →Is the 3rd (third) day of the week.
Wednesday→Is the 4th (fourth) day of the week.
Thursday →Is the 5th (fifth) day of the week.
Friday →Is the 6th (sixth) day of the week.
Saturday →Is the 7th (seventh) and the last day of the week.

EXERCISES:
01-How many days does a week have?
A: A week has seven days.

02-When does it begin and end?

A: It begins on Sunday and ends on Saturday.

03-What is the first day of the week?

A: The first day of the week is Sunday.

04-What is the seventh and the last day of the week?

A: The seventh and the last day of the week is Saturday.

05-What is your favorite day? Why?

A: My favorite day is Friday. Because on Fridays I go to Parties.

06-What are the working days?

A: The working days are: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.

07-What are the resting days?

A: The resting days are: Saturday and Sunday.

08-When do you go to school?

A: I go to school from Monday to Friday.

09-When do you go to church?

A I go to church on Sundays.

10-What is the fifth day of the week?

A: The fifth day of the week is Thursday.

Note: The days of the week always begin by a capital letter!

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-19
Overview: The Months of the Year.
A year has twelve months. It begins in “January” and ends in “December”.
These are the Months of the year:
January April July October
February May August November
March June September December

The Months of: January, March, May, July, August, October and December
have 31 (thirty-one) days. All the rest have 30 (thirty) days except February. Because it
has just 28 (twenty-eight) and sometimes 29 (twenty-nine) days.
A year can be “Common” or “Leap”. Notice the difference between them:
1-Common year →When it has 365 days (Three Hundred and sixty-five days).
2-Leap year →When it has 366 days (Three Hundred and sixty-six days).

Questionnaire:
01-What did we talk about yesterday?
A:

02-How many months does a year have?

A:

03-When does it begin and end?

A:

04-What is the first month of the year?

A:

05-What is the last month of the year?

A:

06-What is the shortest month of the year? Why?

A:

07-What is the difference between Common and Leap-year?

A:

08-What month was the last?

A:

09-In which month are we?

A:

10-What month will the next be?

A:

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Lesson n- 20 Overview: Grammar Study.
Topic: Interrogative Pronouns.

Interrogative Pronouns →Are words that we use to question or to interrogate.

E.g.: Why are you crying?
Who is your father?
How do you go to school?
Where is your house located?

In the English language there are several interrogative pronouns. Here you are
the most used of them and their usage:

01-What→Questions about things or situations.

02-Which→Questions about choices or alternatives.
03- Who →Questions about people
04- Whom → Questions about company.
05-Whose → Questions about possession.
06-When → Questions about moment or time.
07-Where → Questions about place.
08-Why → Questions about reason.
09-How → Questions about way or manner.
10-How many → Questions about quantity (countable).
11-How much → Questions about quantity (uncountable).
12-How often →Questions about frequency.
13-How long (time) →Questions about duration.
14-What kind (of) → Questions about type.
15-What sort (of) → II II II
16-What type (of) → II II II

EXERCISES:
Form one phrase for each interrogative pronoun that you studied!

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-º 21
Overview: Ordinal Numbers.
Ordinal Numbers: Are Numbers that we use to describe order or position.

Ordinal Numbers from 1 to 31.

1st → First 16th→ Sixteenth

2nd → Second 17th→ Seventeenth
3rd → Third 18th→ Eighteenth
4th → Fourth 19th→ Nineteenth
5th → Fifth 20th→ Twentieth
6th → Sixth 21st→ Twenty-first
7th → Seventh 22nd→ Twenty-second
8th → Eighth 23rd→ Twenty-third
9th → Ninth 24th→ Twenty-fourth
10th → Tenth 25th→ Twenty-fifth
11th → Eleventh 26th→ Twenty-sixth
12th → Twelfth 27th→ Twenty-seventh
13th → Thirteenth 28th→ Twenty-eighth
14th → Fourteenth 29th→ Twenty-ninth
15th → Fifteenth 30th→ Thirtieth
31st→ Thirty-first

Note: When we talk about dates in English, we always use the Ordinal numbers,
not the Cardinals.

EXAMPLES:
A- It is the first time I come here.
B- I am the third son in my family.
C- Christmas is celebrated in twenty-fifth December.
D- Angola became independent in eleventh November 1975.
E- In this CD I prefer the second song.
F- She was inborn twenty-ninth February.
G- But she sometimes celebrates her birthday in twenty-eighth February.
H- My favourite holiday is in first January.
I- Today is Monday seventh June, 2011.

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Lesson n- 22
Overview: Grammar study.
Topic: Family.

Definition:
*Family →Is a group descended from common ancestors.

A family is normally formed by several members. Here you are some of the
members that we can find in a family:

Family Great-grand-parents
Relatives Great-grand-father
Parents Great-grand-mother
Father (Dad/ Daddy/ Puppy) Great-grand-children
Mother (Mum / Mom/ Mummy) Great-grand-son
Children (child) Great-grand-daughter
Son God-parents
Daughter God-father
Brother God-mother
Sister God-children
Uncle God-son
Aunt God-daughter
Cousin Step-brother/ half-brother
Bride-groom Step-sister/ half-sister
Bride Twins
Wife Twin brothers
Husband Twin sisters
Father-in-law Friend
Mother-in-law Best-friend/ close friend
Son-in-law Neighbor
Daughter-in-law Best-man
Brother-in-law Best-woman
Sister-in-law Boy-friend
Grand-parents Girl-friend
Grand-father Ex-husband
Grand-mother Ex-wife
Grand-children Ex-boyfriend
Grand-son Ex-girlfriend
Grand-daughter Unknown/ stranger
Step-father Orphan
Step-mother Divorced
Step-children Widower
Step-son Widow
Step-daughter

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n- 23 Overview: Occupations, jobs or professions.
There are several professions in the world of today. No matter what our
professions is, we must respect the professions of others, they are all very important,
and we need each other. Here you are some of the professions that we know:

01-Teacher/ Professor/ Lecturer 42-Computer Operator

02-Electrician 43-Computer Programmer
03-Painter 44-Public Servant
04-Cook 45-Journalist
05-Carpenter 46-Interviewer/ Reporter
06-Shoe-maker/ Shoe-mender 47-Tranlater
07-Shoe-polisher 48-Interpreter
08-Brick-layer/ mason 49-Writer
09-Mechanic 50-Clerk
10-Flight-attendant 51-Plumber
11-Police-man 52-Baby-sitter
12-Police-woman 53-Scientist
13-Business-man 54-Student
14-Business-woman 55-Treasurer
15-Security 56-Bishop
16-Sky-driver 57-Pastor/ Priest
17-Seller 58-Surgeon
18-Smith 59-Dancer
19-Politicien 60-Accountant
20-Minister 61-Bank Clerk
21-Deputy 62-Photographer
22-Singer/ musician 63-Tailor
23-Artist 64-Model
24-Tv star 65-Barber
25-Doctor 66-Hairdresser
26-Pilot 67-Gardener
27-Driver 68-Athlete
28-Taxi-driver 69-Football Player (footballer)
29-Secretary 70-Basketball Player (basketballer
30-Money-collector 71-Handball Player (handballer)
31-Receptionist 72-Tennis Player
32-Military/ Soldier 73-Carpenter
33-Lawyer 74-Rest-about
34-Judge 75-Welder
35-Electronic technician 76-Unemployed
36-Engineer 77-Jobless
37-Disc jockey (Dj) 78-Drunkard
38-House-wife 79-Drug-addicted
35-Shop-assistant 80-Stealer/Robber
40-Manager
41-Radio Operator

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n- 24
Overview: Colors and Clothes.

1-Colors.
There are a large number of colors in the world. But on today´s lesson we are
only going to talk about the most used. It is also important for us to know the colors,
because we can also use them to describe people or things. Study carefully the colors
that follow:

01-White 06-Pink 11-Lilac 16-Dark-blue 21-

02-Black 07-Yellow 12-Brown 17-Light-blue 22-Colorful
03-Blue 08-Gray/ Grey 13-Violet 18-Dark-green 23-Colored
04-Green 09-Silver 14-Cream 19-Light-green 24-Multicolor
05-Orange 10-Gold 15-Purple 20-Metallized 25-Colorless.

2-Clothes.
There are a large number of clothes in the world. But on today´s lesson we are
only going to talk about the most used. It is also important for us to know the clothes,
because we can also use them to describe people or things. Study carefully the clothes
that follow:

01-Shirt 06-Short 11-Neck-lace 16-Bra 21-Bathing-suit

02-T-shirt 07-Coat 12-Belt 17-Plataform-shoes 22-Towel
03-Blouse 08-Suit 13-Sock 18-Bikini 23-Handkerchief
04-Trousers 09-Hat 14-Stocking 19-Under pant 24-Glasses
05-Skirt 10-Tie (neck-tie) 15-Turban 20-Under wear 25-Watch

EXERCISES:
Describe the clothes and colors that you are wearing. Then describe the color
that your class-mate is wearing.

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-25
Overview: Divisions of a house.

*House →Is a building or a shelter in which one or more families live.

It can be divided into several compartments or rooms, such as:

1-House 7-Bath-room 13-Garden 19-Third-floor

2-Apartment/ Flat 8-Kitchen 14-Yard (back-yard) 20-Garage
3-Mansion 9-Balcony 15-Upstairs 21-Terrace
4-Living-room 10-Laundry 16-Down-stairs 22-Annex
5-Dinning-room 11-Corridor 17-Ground-floor 23-Basement
6-Bed-room 12-Guest´s room 18-First-floor 24-Ground

Exercises:
1-Do you live in a house, flat or mansion?
A: I live in a …

2-How big is your house?

A: In my house there is (are) …

3-Is (are) there any bed-room(s) in your house?

A: Yes, there is./ No, there is not.
A: Yes, there are. / No, there are not.

4-What color is your house inside and outside?

A: The color of my house inside is …….………… and outside is …………………

5-What place do you love most in your house? Why?

A: The place that I love most in my house is the ………………….. . Because
…………………………………………………………………………………

6-Are there any plants or flowers?

A: Yes, there are. / No, there are not.

7-What color is your ……………………?

A: It is …………………………………
A: It doesn´t have color / it is colorless.
A: It has several colors/ it is multicolor.
A: It is not painted.

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Lesson n- 26
Overview: Prepositions.

*Prepositios →Are words used to relate it to other words.

E.g.: ―The wallet is in the pocket.
―The broom is behind the door.

In the English language there are several prepositions. But on today´s lesson we are
only going to talk about 10 (ten) of them, as follow:
1-In→ 6-Behind→
2-Out→ 7-Near→
3-On→ 8-Far (from)→
4-Under→ 9-Between→
5-Infront (of) → 10-Among→

Study the following example situations:

A- All the books are in the bag.
B- The toys are out of the boxes.
C- Your breakfast is on the table.
D- The cat is sleeping under the bed.
E- She lives infront of a police station.
F- Please, put it behind the wall.
G- Your school is near the cinema.
H- The beach is really far from here.
I- The restaurant is between the hospital and the shop.
J- My house is among many houses.

Note: Prepositions also help us to know the place where something is!

EXERCISES:
Form 2 (two) examples for each preposition that you studied, and then, translate
them into Portuguese!

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n- 27
Overview: Opposites or Contrary.
*Opposites →Are words used to describe the contrary of something.
E.g.: ―Your mother is good, but your father is very bad.
― I am short, but my brother, Tim, is tall.
― Susan is very fat, but Helen is slim.
― Your country is small, but our country, Angola, is big.
Here you are some of the opposites or contrary. Study them very carefully:

01-Good ≠ Bad 21-Worker ≠ Unemployed = Jobless

02-Tall ≠ Short 22-Love ≠ Hate
03-Fat ≠ Slim 23-Live ≠ Die
04-New ≠ Old 24-Man ≠ Woman
05-Near ≠ Far 25-Respect ≠ Disrespect
06-Rich ≠ Poor 26-Respectful ≠ Disrespectful
07-Nice = Beautiful ≠ Ugly 27-Delicious ≠ Disgust
08-Patient ≠ Impatient 28-Honest ≠ Dishonest
09-Obedient ≠ Disobedient 29-True ≠ Lie = False
10-Important ≠ Useless 30-Intelligent = Clever ≠ Fool = Stupid
11-Expensive ≠ Cheap 31-Buy ≠ Sell
12-Big ≠ Small 32-Give ≠ Receive
13-Clean ≠ Dirty 33-Right = Correct ≠ Wrong
14-Loyal ≠ Disloyal 34-Responsible ≠ Irresponsible
15-Thankful ≠ Unthankful 35-More ≠ Less
16-Faithful ≠ Unfaithful 36-Full ≠ Empty
17-Young ≠ Old 37-Happy ≠ Unhappy = Sad
18-Many = Several ≠ Few 38-Begin ≠ Finish
19-Hot ≠ Cold 39-Optimistic ≠ Pessimistic
20-Quick = Fast ≠ Slow 40-Moder ≠ Old = Antique

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-28
Overview: Modal verbs.
Def:
Modal verbs—Are verbs that we use to help the principal verb in the phrase.
They are always used before the principal verb. They are never preceded neither
followed by the preposition “to”.

Here you are most of the modal verbs:

1-May (poder, permitir)—Is used for permission or probability that something
has to occur.
2-Can (poder, permitir, conseguir, ser capaz)—Is used for permission, capacity
or ability to do things
3-Could—Is the past of can.
4-Should/ Would—Are used to turn a verb into conditional mood.
5-Shall/ Will—Are used to turn a verb into future.
6-Have to—Is used for necessity or to advise people.
7-Must (dever/ de obrigaçao)—Is used for a strong obligation or pressure.

EXAMPLES:
1-MAY: a)-You may take my dictionary! I don´t need it now.
b)-You may tell me all the secrets. You can trust me.

2-CAN: a)-Mr. Marques can speak Portuguese, English and French.

b)-Don´t worry! I can do it for you.

3-COULD: a)-He could ride a bicycle when he was five years old.
b)-I could already say “Mummy” and “Daddy” at the age of one.

4-SHOULD/ WOULD: a)-I would like to be your boyfriend. But you don´t like me.
b)-They would respect you more if you were a rich man.

5-SHALL/ WILL: a)-I shall buy me a new house when I have some money.
b)-I believe that she will give me a present on the 14 February.

6-HAVE TO: a)-If you are felling bad, you have to look for a good doctor.
b)-We have to be more patient when we are dealing with children.

7-MUST: a)-I am the king here. That´s why you must obey me.
b)-If you want your salary, you must work, man!

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Lesson n-29
Overview: Telling the time.

In the English language, there are three different expressions that we use to talk
about time. Notice the difference between them:
1-TENSE→Is used for grammar.
2-WEATHER→Is used for climatic conditions.
3-TIME→Is used for hours.

Study carefully the following example situations:

E.g.: A)-This phrase is in past tense.
B)-I didn´t come yesterday because the weather was bad. It was raining.
C)-It is not time to play. Let´s get to our work!

THE TIME (HOURS).

To ask the time in English, we can make several questions, for instance:
1-The time, please?
2-What is the time, please?
3-What time is it, please?
4-Can you tell me the time, please?
5-Could you tell me the time, please?
6-Would you tell me the time, please?
7-Would you mind telling me the time, please?

But to answer to all these questions we can simply say:

A: It is... E.g.: --It is nine o´clock!
A: It´s... –It´s nine o´clock!

NOTE: To make a clear difference between morning and afternoon periods, we

have to use: “A.m” (ant-meridian) for the morning period or “P.m” (post-meridian) for
the afternoon period.

WORDS TO MEMORIZE:
01-Midday = Noon.
02-Midnight.
03-Dawn.
04-Tonight ≠ Last night.
05-Watch ≠ Clock.
06-I´m sorry! I don´t have a watch.
07-I´m sorry! My watch is broken.
08-I´m sorry! My watch is last.
09-I´m sorry! My watch is fast.
10-I´m sorry! I can´t tell the time in English.

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 ENGLISH TEACHING CENTER
Lesson n-30
Overview: Regular and Irregular verbs
Verbs are very important elements for language learners. They help learners express
what they want and talk about things they want independent of the time they find
themselves. So if you want to speak understandable English, there a couple of verbs you
must memorize and these are usually classified as regular and irregular. The best way
to study these is by having a list with a huge number of them and practice these verbs
on a regular basis.

Notice the following verbs:

Regular verbs Irregular verbs
Love Loved Loved Come Came come
Kiss Kissed Kissed Go Went Gone
Talk Talked Talked Do Did Done
Paint Painted Painted Understand Understood Understood
Cook Cooked cooked Say Said Said
Study Studied Studied Find Found Found
Enter Entered Entered Think Thought thought
Arrive Arrived Arrived See Saw Seen

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