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Q-1) Report On Gis & GPS

Function of RS & GIS

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Kevin Chaudhari
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30 views9 pages

Q-1) Report On Gis & GPS

Function of RS & GIS

Uploaded by

Kevin Chaudhari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated

C. K. PITHAWALA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING


&
TECHNOLOGY

A Report on

“ GIS & GPS Applications in Smart Cities ”


Under subject of :-

Fundamentals of Smart City Planning (114AF01)


BE – II Year
Semester – 4rh (Civil)
(Civil Engineering Department)

Submitted by:

Sr. No. Name of Student Enrolment No.


1 Kevin M. Chaudhari 210090106005
Abstract :
GIS coordinates equipment, programming and information for
catching, overseeing, dissecting and showing all types of geologic
referenced data for a city. GIS innovation enables a city to view,
question and comprehend information from multiple points of view. It
is anything but difficult to see connections, examples and patterns as
GIS-based maps, reports and graphs. Aside from empowering urban
areas to be more proficient, GIS can assume a basic part in empowering
government interface where natives can share grievances, remark on
the status of city foundation and comprehend the restorative measure
taken by the city experts.

Components of a GIS :
A working GIS integrates five key components: hardware, software,
data, people, and methods.
1. Hardware : -
Hardware is the computer on which a GIS operates. Today, GIS
software runs on a wide range of hardware types, from centralized
computer servers to desktop computers used in stand-alone or
networked configurations.

2. Software : -
GIS software provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyse,
and display geographic information. Key software components are:
· Tools for the input and manipulation of geographic information
· A database management system (DBMS)
· Tools that support geographic query, analysis, and visualization
· A graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools.
3. Data : -
Possibly the most important component of a GIS is the data.
Geographic data and related tabular data can be collected in-house or
purchased from a commercial data provider. A GIS will integrate spatial
data with other data resources and can even use a DBMS, used by most
organizations to organize and maintain their data, to manage spatial
data.

4. People : -
GIS technology is of limited value without the people who manage the
system and develop plans for applying it to real world problems. GIS
users range from technical specialists who design and maintain the
system to those who use it to help them perform their everyday work.

5. Methods : -
A successful GIS operates according to a well-designed plan and
business rules, which are the models and operating practices unique to
each organization.

What Can GIS Do For You ?


1. Perform Geographic Queries and Analysis :
 The ability of GIS to search databases and perform geographic
queries has saved many companies literally millions of dollars. GISs
have helped:
· Decrease the time taken to answer customer requests.
· Find land suitable for development.
· Search for relationships among crops, soils, and climate.
· Locate the position of breaks in electrical circuits.
 A realtor could use a GIS to find all houses within a certain area that
have tiled roofs and five bedrooms, then list their characteristics. The
query could be further refined by adding criteria the house must cost
less than $100 per square foot. You could also list houses within a
certain distance of a school .

2. Improve Organizational Integration :


 Many organizations that have implemented a GIS have found that
one of its main benefits is improved management of their own
organization and resources. Because GISs have the ability to link
data sets together by geography, they facilitate interdepartmental
information sharing and communication. By creating a shared
database one department can benefit from the work of another data
can be collected once and used many times.
 As communication increases among individuals and departments,
redundancy is reduced, productivity is enhanced, and overall
organizational efficiency is improved. Thus, in a utility company the
customer and infrastructure databases can be integrated so that when
there is planned maintenance, affected customers can be sent a
computer-generated letter.

3. Make Maps :
 Maps have a special place in GIS. The process of making maps with
GIS is much more flexible than are traditional manual or automated
cartography approaches. It begins with database creation. Existing
paper maps can be digitized and computer-compatible information
can be translated into the GIS. The GIS-based cartographic database
can be both continuous and scale free. Map products can then be
created centred on any location, at any scale, and showing selected
information symbolized effectively to highlight specific
characteristics.
 The characteristics of atlases and map series can be encoded in
computer programs and compared with the database at final
production time. Digital products for use in other GISs can also be
derived by simply copying data from the database. In a large
organization, topographic databases can be used as reference
frameworks by other departments.

_________________
 Abstract :
The term GPS full form is “Global Positioning System” which is a
satellite navigation system that furnishes location and time information
in all climate conditions to the user. GPS is used for navigation in
planes, ships, cars, and trucks also. The system gives critical abilities
to military and civilian users around the globe. GPS provides
continuous real-time, 3-dimensional positioning, navigation, and
timing worldwide.

How does GPS System Work ?


The GPS consists of three segments:

 The space segment: the GPS satellites


 The control system, operated by the U.S. military,
 The user segment, which includes both military and civilian
users and their GPS equipment.

How GPS Determines a Position ?


The working/operation of the Global positioning system is based on the
‘trilateration’ mathematical principle. The position is determined from
the distance measurements to satellites. From the figure, the four
satellites are used to determine the position of the receiver on the earth.
The target location is confirmed by the 4th satellite. And three satellites
are used to trace the location place.
A fourth satellite is used to confirm the target location of each of those
space vehicles. The global positioning system consists of a satellite,
control station, and monitor station, and receiver. The GPS receiver
takes the information from the satellite and uses the method of
triangulation to determine a user’s exact position.

GPS WORKING MODEL

GPS is used on some incidents in several ways, such as:

 To determine position locations; for example, you need to radio


a helicopter pilot the coordinates of your position location so
the pilot can pick you up.
 To navigate from one location to another; for example, you
need to travel from a lookout to the fire perimeter.
 To create digitized maps; for example, you are assigned to plot
the fire perimeter and hot spots.
 To determine the distance between two different points.

Advantages :
 GPS satellite-based navigation system is an important tool for
military, civil and commercial, users
 Vehicle tracking systems GPS-based navigation systems can
provide us with turn by turn directions
 Very high speed

Disadvantages :
 GPS satellite signals are too weak when compared to phone
signals, so it doesn’t work as well indoors, underwater, under
trees, etc.
 The highest accuracy requires line-of-sight from the receiver to
the satellite, this is why GPS doesn’t work very well in an urban
environment.

Uses of GPS System :

Generally, GPS systems fall into five main categories which include
the following.
 Location is used to determine a location

 Navigation is used to get from one place to another

 Tracking is used to monitor the object otherwise personal

movement
 Mapping is used to create maps of the globe

 Timing is to bring an exact time to the globe

_____________

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