Aptitude Training

Percentages, Ratio, Proportion & Variation,

Allegation & Mixtures, Time & Work, and
Time, Speed & Distance.
A train takes 89 seconds to cross a straight racetrack of length
650m, which has flagpoles at both the ends. If it takes 24
seconds to cross the first flagpole, find the length of the train?
Length of the train = L
Speed of the train = S
Time taken to cross the race track = (Length of train + Racetrack length) / Speed of train
89 = ( L + 650) / S ------------ (1)
Time taken to cross the 1st flagpole = Length of train / Speed of train
24 = L / S ------------ (2)
By solving (1) & (2)
Length of train = 240 m
A swimming pool is fitted with three pipes. The first two pipes, working
simultaneously, fill the pool in the same time as the third pipe alone. The second
pipe alone fills the pool 5 hours faster than the first pipe and 4 hours slower than
the third pipe. In what time will the second and third pipes together fill the pool?
• Let us assume
• Second pipe = x hours to fill.
• First pipe = x + 5
• Third pipe = x – 4
• 1/(x+5) + 1/(x) = 1/(x-4)
• By solving x =10
• Second pipe = 10 hours
• Third pipe = 6 hours
•
• = (1/10) + (1/6)
• = 3.75 hours
The work done by a man, a woman, and a child is in the ratio of 3: 2: 1. There are 20 men, 30
women and 36 children in a factory. Their weekly wages amount to Rs 780, which is divided in
the ratio of work done by the men, women, and children. What will be the wages of 15 men, 20
women and 30 children for 2 weeks?

 Men Women Children

Work 3 2 1
Numbers 20 30 36
Ratio of wages = (3 * 20): (2* 30): (1 * 36)
Total wages for men = (5 / 13) * 780 = Rs. 300
Wages for a man = (300 / 20) = Rs. 15
Similarly Wages for a woman = Rs. 10
Wages for a child = Rs. 5
Total wages of 15 men, 20 women and 30 children for 2 weeks
= 2 (15 * 15 + 20 * 10 + 30 *5)
= Rs. 1150
Two persons were approaching each other at 12 km/hr and 24 km/hr respectively.
A train moving in the same direction as the faster man took 25 seconds to cross
him and 15 seconds to cross the other one. Find the speed of the train (in km/h)?

Speed of train = s km/hr

Length of train = L
Relative speed with faster train (same direction) = (s – 24) km/hr
Relative speed with slower train (opp direction) = (s + 12) km/hr

[L / (s – 24) ] = 25 ------------(1)
[L / (s + 12) ] =15 ------------(2)

By solving (1) & (2)

S= 78 km/hr.
In 75% of the time that B takes to do a piece of work, A does half the work. Together they
take 18 days to complete the work. C alone can complete the same work in 24 days. All the
three started the work together but B left 5 days before the completion of the work. In how
many days was the whole work completed? (Approximately)

• Let us assume
• B = x days
• A = (3/2) x days
• In 1 day,
• {1 / [(3/2) x] + 1 / x} = (1 / 18)
• X = 30
• So A = 45 days, B =30 days, C = 24 days
• N * [(1/45) + (1/30) + (1/24)] + 5 * [(1/45) + (1/24)] = 1
• N=7
• So total number of days = 7 + 5 = 12
The ratio of the speed of a bus and a car is 2:5. The car covers a distance
of 280 km in some time and the bus covers a distance of "d" km less in
the same time. What is the distance covered by the bus?

• Speed of bus = 2x km/hr

• Speed of car = 5x km/hr
• Distance = Speed * time
• => 280 = 5x * T
• distance covered by the bus = y
• => y = 2x * T
• 280/y = 5/2
• => y = 280 * 2/ 5
• => y = 112
• distance covered by the bus = 112 km
If 20% apple from a cart are rotten and the remaining apple are sold at
20% discount the seller gets 92% profit on the cost price of the whole
cart by what percent above the cost price has the seller marked up the
apples?
• Let there be 100 apples with a cost price of 100 and cost
amount=100*100=10000
• Sale amount at 92% profit over all=10000*192/100=19200
• Number of rotten apples at 20%=20/100*100=20
• Number of saleable apples =100-20=80
• Sale price at 92% profit over all =19200/80=240
• Marked price to allow discount at 20%=240/80*100=300
• Mark up=MP - CP=300–100=200
• Percentage of mark-up=200/100*100=200%
An article is marked 36% above its cost price. A discount of 10% is
offered on the marked price. Later on, the article was sold by giving
another discount of Rs.12.60. If there is a profit of 15.4%, the marked
price (in Rs.) of the article is
• Let CP of article = Rs. x
• MP = 36% above CP = (136 * x)/100 = Rs. 1.36x
• Discount = 10% => (1.36x * 90)/100 = Rs. 1.224x
• Another discount = Rs.12.60
• SP after another discount = Rs. (1.224x - 12.6)
• Total Profit = 15.4%
• 1.224x - 12.6 = (100x * 1.154)/100
• 1.224x - 12.6 = 1.154x
• x = 180
• MP of article = 1.36x = 1.36 * 180 = Rs. 244.80
Two numbers are in the ratio of 3:5 . If 3 is added to the
first number and 9 is added to the 2nd number, their ratio
becomes 4:7. The sum of the original numbers is?
Two numbers => 3x : 5x

[( 3x + 3 ) / ( 5x + 9) ] = 4 / 7

X = 15

Sum of two numbers = 3x + 5x = 8x = 8 * 15

= 120
The savings of surekha are equal to 40% of her
expenditure. If her income increases by 20% and the
expenditure increases by 40%, her savings decreases by:
• Let us assume expenditure = 100
• Saving = 40,
• Income = 100 + 40 = 140
• New income = 1.2 * 140 = 168
• New Expenditure = 1.4 * 100 = 140
• New Saving = 168 – 140 = 28
• % decrease = 40-28 /40 * 100 = 30 %
The cost of filling a gas tank at a shop is Rs. 800. If the shopkeeper
reduces the price by 15%.The number of his customers increases by
30%. By what % did his revenue decrease/increase?

• Initial cost of filling a gas tank = Rs.800

• Initial number of customer's = x
• then, Initial total revenue = 800 * x = Rs. 800x
• New cost of filling a gas tank = 15% reduced = .85 * 800 = Rs. 680
• New number of customer's = 30% increases = 1.3 * x = 1.3x
• then, New total revenue = 680 * 1.3x = Rs. 884x
• Revenue increased by = 884x – 800x = Rs. 84x
• Revenue increased in % = (84x * 100)/800x = 10.5%
Simple interest on a sum of money after 32 months at 220/9 %
rate of interest is Rs.7040. What is the compound interest upon
85/3 % more sum at 20% rate of interest after 2 years?
Let us assume P = Principal
P * (8/3) * (220 / 9) * (1/100) = 7040
P=10800
New Principal = 10800 * ( 100 + 85/3)% = 10800 * 1.2833 = 13859.94
Amount = (13859.94 * 1.2) * 1.2
= 19958.31
Compound Interest = Amount – New Principal
= 19958.31 – 13859.94 = 6098.4
Cask A contains wine and water in the ratio 6:7 and Cask B in the
ratio 9:4. In what ratio must the contents of the two casks be
mixed to give a mixture of wine and water in the ratio 8:5?
Let us assume
Cask A contains ‘x’ litres. Quantity of wine = (6/13)*x & water = (7/13)*x
Cask B contains ‘y’ litres. Quantity of wine = (9/13)*y & water = (4/13)*y
Mixture = (x + y) litres. Quantity of wine = (8/13)*(x+y) & water = (5/13)*(x+y)
On equating wine,
(6/13)*x + (9/13)*y = (8/13)*(x+y)

(x/y) = 1/2
48 litre of Glycerin is mixed with 144 litre Rose water. D litre of total
mixture is taken out and 32-liter Glycerin and 48 litre Rose water are
added in the mixture. The final mixture contains 30% Glycerin, find the
quantity of the mixture that is taken out?
• Total mixture = 48 + 144 = 192 litre
• % of Glycerin = 48/ 192 × 100 = 25%
• % of Rose water = 100% - 25% = 75%
• In the final mixture glycerin= 30%, Rose water = 70%
• Ratio = 30 : 70 = 3 : 7
• (48 – D × 25% + 32) : (144 – D × 75% + 48) = 3 : 7
• 7 (48 – D × 25% + 32) = 3 (144 – D × 75% + 48)
• 2.25 D – 1.75 D = 576 – 560
• D = 32 litre
A, B and C a partnership in the ratio 7/2 : 4/3 : 6/5. After 4
months, A increases his share by 50%. Total profit after 1
year be Rs.2,16,000, B’s share is?
Ratio of the initial investment = 7/2 : 4/3 : 6/5
= 105:40:36
Actual investment of A,B,C =105x,40x and 36x.
A increases his share 50% after 4 months.
Hence the ratio of their investments
= (105x*4)+(105x*150/100​×8) : 40x×12 : 36x*12
= 35:10:9
B,s profit=(10/ 54)​ * 216000
=40000
Two towns are connected by railway. Can you find the distance between them?
I. The speed of the mail train is 12 km/hr more than that of an express train.
II. A mail train takes 40 minutes less than an express train to cover the distance.

A. I alone sufficient while II alone not sufficient to answer

B. II alone sufficient while I alone not sufficient to answer
C. Either I or II alone sufficient to answer
D. Both I and II are not sufficient to answer

Let the distance between the two stations be x km.

I. Then, speed of the mail train = (y + 12) km/hr.
𝑥 𝑥 40
II. - =
𝑦 𝑦+12 60
Even I and II together do not give x.
Answer : D
How many workers are required for completing the construction work in 10 days?
I. 20% of the work can be completed by 8 workers in 8 days.
II. 20 workers can complete the work in 16 days.
III. One-eighth of the work can be completed by 8 workers in 5 days.
A. I only
B. II and III only
C. III only
D. Any one of the three
M1 × H1 × D1 M2 × H2 × D2 8 ×8 𝑀2 ×10
I. = = 20% = M2 =32 workers
𝑊1 𝑊2 100%

M1 × H1 × D1 M2 × H2 × D2 20 ×16 𝑀2 ×10
II. = = = M2 =32 workers
𝑊1 𝑊2 100% 100%

M1 × H1 × D1 M2 × H2 × D2 8 ×5 𝑀2 ×10
III. = = (1/8) = M2 =32 workers
𝑊1 𝑊2 1

Answer : Any one of the three

A and B together can complete a task in 20 days. B and C together can complete
the same task in 30 days. A and C together can complete the same task in 30 days.
What is the respective ratio of the number of days taken by A when completing the
same task alone to the number of days taken by C when completing the same task
alone?
Efficiency of A and B = 1/20 per day = 5% per day ________________1
Efficiency of B and C = 1/30 per day = 3.33% per day______________2
Efficiency of C and A = 1/30 per day = 3.33% per day______________3
Taking equation 2 and 3 together
B + C = 3.33% and C + A = 3.33%
C and 3.33% will be removed. Hence A = B
Efficiency of A = B = 5%/2 = 2.5% = 1/40
Efficiency of C = 3.33% - 2.5% = 0.833% = 1/120
A can do the job in 40 days and C can do the job in 120 days he they
work alone.
Ratio of number of days in which A and C can complete the job 1:3.
A takes twice as much time as B or thrice as much time as C to finish a piece of
work. Working together, they can finish the work in 2 days. B can do the work
alone in

Suppose A, B and C take x, x/2 and x/3 days respectively to finish the
work.
Then, 1/x + 2/x + 3/x = 1/2
6/x = 1/2
x = 12.
So, B takes (12/2) = 6 days to finish the work.
An express A starts at 2.30 pm from nampali station and travels towards vizag
station at speed of 80 kmph. Another express starts at 4.30 pm from nampali
station to vizag station at speed of 100 kmph. How far away from station Nampali
will the two trains meet?

Let train A take x hours to reach the point of meeting(let it be P)

Then train B will reach the same point in
x-2 hours.
Distance covered to reach P by train A in x hours=Distance covered by B to
reach P in x-2 hrs.
80*x=100(x-2) 80x=100x-200
X = 10 hrs.
Distance from Nampali=x*speed of train A
= 10*80 =800 km