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Week 12

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Week (12), Day (1)

Period (2)

Revision on Tutorial – III

Week (12), Day (2)


Period (2)

3.11 Digital Computer Programs of Power System Stability

The digital computer is the only practical way to determine the stability of a large
system.Digital computer programs for stability studies have evolved from two basic needs:

(a) the requirement to study very large interconnected systems with many machines and
(b) the need to represent machines and their associated control systems by more detailed
models.

In computer system, there can be solved with the two sets of equations wrt power
stability studies must solved simultaneously for each interval following the occurrence of a
system disturbance.One set consists of the algebraic equations relating the steady-state behavior
of the network and its loads and the algebraic equations relating V and E of the synchronous
machines. The other set consists of the differential equations which describe the dynamic
performance of the machines and associated control system.

The following methods are used to determine the power system stability programs:

(a) Newton-Raphson method for load flow analysis


(b) Direct method
(c) Euler method and modified Euler’s methods
(d) Trapezoidal method
(e) Predictor-corrector and
(f) Linaponov method for small signal transient stability

However, each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages associated with
numerical stability, time-step size, computational effort per integration step, and accuracy of
solutions obtained.

Let introduce to the most appliable digital computer programs for power system
stability.These are Mathlab, Neplan and Simpow program softwares which are used for
simulation of power systems.
3.11.1 Introduction mathworks for Euler Method
3.11.2 Introduction mathworks for Runge-Kutta Method
3.11.3 Introduction mathlab Code for Steady State Stability Design

Illustrated Example: A 60 Hz synchronous generator having inertia constant H =9.94


MJ/MVA and a transient reactance Xd’=0.3 p.u. is connected to an infinite bus through a purely
reactive circuit as shown in figure 3.1. Reactances are marked on the diagram on a common
system base. The generator is delivering real power of 0.6 p.u., 0.8 power factor lagging to the
infinite bus at a voltage of V=1 per unit.

global Pm f H E V X1 X2 X3
Pm = 0.80; E = 1.17; V = 1.0;
X1 = 0.65; X2 = 1.80; X3 = 0.8;
H = 5.0; f = 60; tf = 1; Dt = 0.01;
% Fault is cleared in 0.3 sec.
tc = 0.3;
swingmeu(Pm, E, V, X1, X2, X3, H, f, tc, tf, Dt)
% Fault is cleared in 0.4 sec. and 0.5 sec.
tc = .5;
swingmeu(Pm, E, V, X1, X2, X3, H, f, tc, tf, Dt)
tc = .4;
swingmeu(Pm, E, V, X1, X2, X3, H, f, tc, tf, Dt)
disp('Parts (a) & (b) are repeated using swingrk4')
disp('Press Enter to continue')
pause
tc = 0.3;
swingrk4(Pm, E, V, X1, X2, X3, H, f, tc, tf)
tc = .5;
swingrk4(Pm, E, V, X1, X2, X3, H, f, tc, tf)
tc = .4;
swingrk4(Pm, E, V, X1, X2, X3, H, f, tc, tf)

3.11.4 Introdution Power System Stability with Neplan Software

The following link is to see video tutorial for using neplan software for determination of
power system stability.

3.11.5 Introduction to Simpow Software with video Tutorials

SIMPOW® is a highly integrated software for simulation of power systems. It covers a


wide field of functionality, from basic features to highly advanced calculations. The applications
include renewable power generation, real time simulations and distributed generation.

SIMPOW® was developed by the Power Systems Analysis Department of ABB


Sweden. It is used by power utilities and consultant engineers and is also very suitable for
research within universities and research institutes.The following caluclations are performed
with these software-
(1) Power-flow for calculation of power-flow balance, transformer tap settings, initial state
for dynamic runs, etc.
(2) Short Circuits for determining the fault level of e.g. industrial networks in order to check
the thermal and electromechanical strength of switchgears, cables, and for setting of
protective relays.
(3) Transient Stability (TRANSTA mode) by employing phasor models for feasibility
check and tuning of regulators in order to increase the power transmission capability and
improve transient stability.
(4) Machine Stability (MASTA mode) for simulation of the detailed dynamic performance
of induction and synchronous machines during start and load switching conditions, e.g. in
industrial power plants with different types, sizes and design of diesel generator and
gasturbine sets.
(5) Linear analysis for determining eigenvalues for resonance analysis, sensitivity analysis,
and modal analysis for displaying the eigenvectors. The linear analysis functions also
comprise harmonic distribution calculations and frequency scanning. The latter can be
applied over a selected range of frequencies.

Week (12), Day (3)


Period (1)

3.12 Further Studies

The following further studies will help the students to understand the power system
stability analysis with digital computer programs.Note that, the students need to study the use of
programs and the theoritical ideas and concepts of power system stability. They need to find out
more details of power system stability courses with references and practical experiments. If they
want to study more, they must try hard the best to become skillful electrical engineers.

1. Kinetic Energy Function with Mathlab


2. Calculations for Transient Stability with different method in Mathlab simulik
3. Multimachine System Analysis with SVC and PSS
4. Small Signal Stability Including Effects of Rotor Circuit Dynamics
5. Transient Stability Analysis Including Damping
6. Comparision of Facts Devices for Power System Stability Enchancement
7. Power System Voltage Stability and Models of Devices

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