Foundation Accl Math Booklet Bakliwal Tutorials - IIT

MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER 1: NUMBER SYSTEM
LECTURE-1& 2
Classification of Numbers
(I) Natural numbers
Set of all non-fractional number from 1 to + , N = {1,2,3,4,....}.
(II) Whole numbers
Set of numbers from 0 to + , W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4 }.
(III) Integers
Set of all-non fractional numbers from - to + , I or Z = (...., -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,....}.
(IV) Rational numbers
These are real numbers which can be expressed in the form of p/q, where p and q are integers and
q 0. e.g. 2/3, 37/15, -17/19.
All natural numbers, whole numbers and integers are rational.
Rational numbers include all Integers (without any decimal part to it), terminating fractions
(fractions in which the decimal part is terminating e.g. 0.75, - 0.02 etc.) and also non-terminating
but recurring decimals e.g. 0.666...., -2.333....., etc.
Fractions:

(a) Proper fraction : Numerator < Denominator i.e.

(b) Improper fraction : Numerator > Denominator i.e.

(c) Mixed fraction : Consists of integral as well as fractional part i.e.

Note: Improper fraction can be written in the form of mixed fractions.

(v) Irrational numbers:

All real number which cannot be expressed in the form of p/q, where p and q are integer
are irrational numbers. These are non-recurring as well as non-terminating type of decimal
numbers e.g. etc.
(vi) Real numbers
Number which can represent actual physical quantities in a meaningful way are known as real
numbers. These can be represented on the number line. Number line is a geometrical straight line
with arbitrarily defined zero (origin).

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 Foundation Accl Math Booklet Bakliwal Tutorials - IIT
(vii) Prime number
All natural numbers that have one and itself only as their factors are called prime numbers i.e.
prime numbers are exactly divisible by 1 and themselves. e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23....etc. If P is
the set of prime number then P = {2,3,5,7....}.
(viii) Composite numbers
All natural number, which are not prime are composite numbers. If C is the set of composite
number then C = {4,6,8,9,10,12.....}.
1 is neither prime nor composite number.
(ix) Co-prime numbers
If the H.C.F. of the given numbers (not necessarily prime) is 1 then they are known as co-prime
numbers. e.g. 4, 9, are co-prime as H.C.F. of (4, 9) = 1.
Any two consecutive numbers will always be co-prime.
(x) Even numbers
All integers which are divisible by 2 are called even numbers. Even numbers are denoted by the
expression 2n, where n is any integer. So, if E is a set even numbers, then
E = {...., -4, -2, 0, 2, 4,....}.
(xi) Odd numbers
All integers which are not divisible by 2 are called odd numbers. Odd numbers are denoted by the
general expression 2n - 1 where n is any integer. If O is a set of odd numbers, then O = {...., -5, -
3, -1, 1, 3, 5,....}.
(xii) Imaginary numbers
All the numbers whose square is negative are called imaginary numbers. e.g. 3i, 4i, i, .....where i =
.
(xiii) Complex numbers
The combined form of real and imaginary numbers is known as complex numbers. It is denoted
by Z = a + ib where a is real part and b is imaginary part of Z and a, b R.
Ex.1 Is 1 prime or composite number?
Sol. 1 is neither prime nor composite number.
Ex.2 Find 4 rational numbers between 2 and 3.
Sol. Steps:
(i) Write 2 & 3 and multiply each of them with (4+1) in Nr and Dr.

(ii) i.e.

(iii)So, the four required numbers are

Rational Number in Decimal Representation

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 Foundation Accl Math Booklet Bakliwal Tutorials - IIT
(A)Terminating Decimal
In this a finite number of digit occurs after decimal i.e. = 0.5, 0.6875, 0.15 etc.
(B) Non-Terminating and Repeating (Recurring Decimal)
In this a set of digits or a digit is repeated continuously.
e.g. , .

(C)Irrational Number in Decimal Form

= 1.414213 ...... i.e. it is not-recurring as well as non-terminating.
= 1.732050807 ...... i.e. it is non-recurring as well as non-terminating.
Ex.3 Insert an irrational number between 2 and 3.
Sol.

Surds
Any irrational number of the form
it should always be a rational number. Also the symbol is called the radical sign and the index
n is called order of the surd.
th
is read as root of and can also be written as .

(A) Some Identical Surds :

(i) is a surd as radicand is a rational number.
Similar examples
(ii) is a surd (as surd + rational number will give a surd)
Similar examples
(iii) is a surd as 7 - is a perfect square of
Similar examples

(iv) is a surd as

Similar examples ...

(B) Some Expression are not Surds :
(i) since which is a rational number.
(ii) , as is not a perfect square.
(iii) , as radicand is an irrational number.
Laws of Surds
(i)
e.g. (A) (B)
(ii) [Here order should be same]
e.g.

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 Foundation Accl Math Booklet Bakliwal Tutorials - IIT
But [Because order is not same]
(iii) e.g. =
(iv) [Important for changing order of surds]
or,
e.g. make its order 6, then .

Operation on Surds
(A) Addition and Subtraction of Surds
Addition and subtraction of surds are possible only when order and radicand are same i.e. only for
surds.
Ex.4 Simplify
(i) [Bring surd in simples form]
=
= (15 - 6 + 4 )
=
(ii)

b) Multiplication and Division of Surds

Ex.5 Simplify
(i)
(ii)
Ex.6 Simplify
Hint :
Ex.7 Simplify

Hint :

(C) Comparison of Surds

It is clear that if x > y > 0 and n > 1 is a positive integer then .
& so on.
Ex.8 Which is greater is each of the following :

(i) and (ii) and

L.C.M. of 3 and 5 is 15. L.C.M. of 2 and 3 is 6.

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Ex.9 Arrange and is ascending order.

Sol. L.C.M. of 2, 3, 4 is 12.

& &
As, 64 < 81 < 125 => =>

Ex.10 Which is greater 7 3 or (solve yourself)

Rationalization of Surds
Rationalizing factor (R.F.)
If the product of two surds is a rational number then each of them is called the rationalizing factor
(R.F.) of the other. The process of converting a surd to a rational number by using an appropriate
multiplier is known as rationalization.
Some examples
(i) R.F. of is .
(ii) R.F. of .

(iii) R.F. of & vice versa .

(iv) R.F. of a is & vice versa
Note: R.F. of a surd is not unique. Just as is the answer, k is also a valid answer, where k is
rational.
Ex.11 What is R.F. of (solve yourself)

Ex.12 Find the R.F (rationalizing factor) of the following :

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
(ix) (x)
(i)
Sol. as 10 is rational number.
R.F. of is
(ii).
Sol. First write it in simplest form i.e. .
Now find R.F. (i.e. R.F. of is )
R.F. of is
(iii)
Sol. Simplest form of is .
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R.F. of is .
R.F. of is
(iv)
Sol.
R.F. of is
(v).
Sol. Simplest form of is
Now R.F. of is
R.F. of is
(vi)
Sol. Simplest form of is
Now R.F. of is
R.F. of is
(vii)
Sol. As , which is rational.
R.F. of is
(viii)

Sol. As = 49 - 48 = 1, which is rational

R.F. of is
(ix).
Sol. As , which is rational.
R.F. of is
(x)
Sol. As = 3 + 2 = 5, which is rational.

R.F. of is

Note: R.F. of or type surds are also called conjugate surds of each other.
Ex.13 (i) is conjugate of
(ii) is conjugate of
Note: Sometimes conjugate surds and reciprocals are same.
Ex.14 (i) 2 3 , its reciprocal is & vice versa.
(ii) , its reciprocal is & vice versa.
(iii) (iv) (v) ............ and so on.
3 2 2
Ex.15 If a b 2 , where a and b are rational then find the values of a and b.
3 2

Sol. L.H.S.

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Equating the rational and irrational parts

We get

Ex.16 If , find the value of

Sol.

Ex.17 If = 2.236 and = 1.414, then

Evaluate :

Sol.

= 5.689 (approximate)

Exponents of Real Number

(A) Positive Integral Power
n
as
n
a = a × a × a × ............... x a (n times)
an is called then nth
exponent of the nth power of a.
e.g. 23 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
Note :For any non- 0 = 1.
e.g. 30 = 1, = 1 and so on.
(B) Negative Integral Power
For any non-

Thus we have defined an find all integral values of n, positive, zero or negative. an is called the nth
power of a.
Rational Exponents of a Real Number
(A) Principal of nth Root of a Positive Real Numbers:
th
root of a is the
unique positive real number x such that xn = a

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The principal nth root of a positive real number a is denoted by a1/n or .
(B) Principal of nth Root of a Negative Real Numbers:
th
root of a is
1/n th th
define as -|a| i.e. the principal n root of -a is negative of the principal n root of |a|.
Remark :
th
root of a is
not defined, because an even power of real number is always positive. Therefore (-9)1/2 is a
meaningless quantity, if we confine ourselves to the set of real number, only.
(C) Rational Power (Exponents):
p/q where we define
p/q th p
i.e. a is the principle q root of a .
Laws of Rational Exponents
The following laws hold the rational exponents
(i) am × an = am+n (ii) am ÷ an = am-n
(ii) (am)n = amn (iv)

(v) am/n = (am)1/n = (a1/n)m i.e. am/n = (vi) (ab)m = ambm

(vii) (viii) abn = a

Where a,b are positive real number and m,n are relational numbers.

Ex.18 Evaluate each of the following:

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

Sol.

(i) =

(ii)

(iii) We have,
=0
3 3 2 3 3 2
2 2 3 2 5 3
(iv) We have,
3 5 5 33 2 3 52

Ex.19 Simplify :

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Sol. We have,

Basic identities

1. (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
2. (a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2
3. a2 b2 = (a + b)(a b)
4. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
5. (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)
6. (a b)3 = a3 b3 3ab (a b)
7. a3 b3 = (a b)( a2 + ab+ b2 )
8. a3 + b3 = (a + b)( a2 - ab+ b2 )
9. a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca)

Note: If a + b + c = 0 then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

Ex.20 Find the value of

Sol.

EXERCISE
Level-1
1.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

2. Which one is greatest in the following :
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3. The value of is :
(A) 1/8 (B) 1/16 (C) 1/32 (D) None
4. Which of the following is smallest ?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
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 Foundation Accl Math Booklet Bakliwal Tutorials - IIT
5. The product of and is :
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6. The exponential from of is :
(A) 21/16 (B) 83/4 (C) 23/4 (D) 81/2
7.

(A) (B) 81 (C) 243 (D) 729

8.

(A) x (B) (C) (D)

9. If x= 3 + and y = 3 - then

(A) -34 (B) 34 (C) 12 (D) -12

10. If a + b 7 then (a,b) =

(A) (8, -3) (B) (-8, -3) (C) (-8, 3) (D) (8, 3)

11. If x = and y = 1, the value of is :

(A) (B) (C) (D)

12. Simplify :

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 10 (D) 100

13*. Which one of the following is a surd

(A) (B) (C) (D)

14.

(A) 2ab 6 2ab (B) (C) 4ab6 2ab (D)

15*. Select the correct option Note: Star (*) means multiple correct
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16. If then the value of is:

(A) 19 (B)29 (C)39 (D)49

17*.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

18. The value of x, if 5x-3 . 32x-8 = 225, is :

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5
19. when simplified is

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(A) (B) (C) (D)

20*. Select the correct statements (m, n are two Natural Numbers)

(A)143 is a prime number (B)

(C) is an irrational number (D) is terminating rational number

Level-2
1. Arrange the following surds in descending order of magnitude :
(i) 4 10, 3 6, 3 (ii)
2. Whish is greater :

3. Simplify :

(i) (ii)

4. Simplify :

(i) (ii)
5. Examine whether the following numbers are rational or irrational :
(i) (ii) (iii)
6. Express the following in the form of p/q.
(i) (ii) (iii)
7. Simplify :

8. If p and q are rational number and find p and q.

9. Find the simplest R.F. of :

(i) (ii) (iii)
10. Rationalize the denominator :
(i) (ii)

11. Rationalize the denominator and simplify :

3 2 1 2
(i) (ii)
3 2 3 2 2

12. If and y 1 then the value of =?

2 3

13. Simplify :

14. If x=3+2 2, then the value of ( x- (1/ x)) is:........

15*. Which of the following is/are correct Note: Star (*) means multiple correct

(A) (B) (C) (D)

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(A) (B) (C) (D)

17. Find correct order

(A) (B) (C) (D)

18. If then the value of is ........

19. if
20. Find the value of expression

21.

22.

23. If , then value of m(n - 2) + n(m - 2) is --------

24. The sum of the digits of the number 2200052002

ANSWER KEY
(Level-1)

Qus. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. B C A B B C C D B D
Qus. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. D B BD A ABCD D ABD D C CD

(Level-2)
1. (i) (ii) 2.
3. (i) 8 (ii) 5 4. (i) 1/4 (ii) 0.1
5. (i) Irrational (ii) Irrational (iii) Rational
6. (i) 1/3 (ii) 37/99 (iii)54/99
7. 139/300
8. 9.(i) (ii) (iii) 22/5

3 6 15
10. (i) 5 (ii) 11. (i) (ii)
5 3
12. 2 13. 6 14. 2 15. B, D 16. A, C 17. C
18. 2 19. 3 20. 1 21. 4 22. 1 23. 0
24. 7
Note: Star (*) means multiple correct

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 Foundation Accl Math Booklet Bakliwal Tutorials - IIT

CHAPTER-2: LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

LECTURE-3&4
Linear equations in one variable
a

e.g. 3x + 5 = 0, 7x - 2 = 0 etc.
Linear equations in two variables
An equation of the form ax + by + c = 0 where a,b,c are real numbers and a, b 0, and x, y are

called coefficient
Any pair of values of x and y which satisfies the equation ax + by + c = 0, is called a solution
of it.
Ex.1 Prove that x = 3, y = 2 is a solution of 3x - 2y = 5.
Sol. x = 3, y = 2 is a solution of 3x - 2y = 5,
because L.H.S = 3x - 2y = 3 × 3 - 2 × 2 = 9 - 4 = 5 = R.H.S.
i.e. x = 3, y = 2 satisfies the equation 3x - 2y = 5.
(3,2) is a solution of the given equation.
Ex.2 Prove that x = 1, y = 1 as well as x = 2, y = 5 is a solution of 4x - y - 3 = 0.
Sol. Given eq. is 4x - y - 3 = 0 ....(i)
First we put x= 1, y = 1 in L.H.S. of equation (i)
Here L.H.S. = 4x - y - 3 = 4 × 1 - 1 - 3 = 4 - 4 = 0 = R.H.S.
Now we put x = 2, y = 5 in eq. (i)
L.H.S. = 4x - y - 3 = 4 × 2 - 5 - 3 = 8 - 8 = 0 = R.H.S.
Since, x = 1, y = 1 and x = 2, y = 5
both pairs satisfies the given equation
they are the solution of given equation.
Ex.3 Determine whether x = 2, y = -1 is a solution of equation 3x + 5y - 2 = 0.
Sol. Given eq.is 3x + 5y - 2 = 0 ....(i)
Taking L.H.S. = 3x + 5y - 2 = 3 × 2 + 5 × (-1) - 2 = 6 - 5 - 2 = 1 0
Here L.H.S. R.H.S. therefore x = 2, y = 1 is not a solution of given equation.
Graph of a Linear Equation
(A) In order to draw the graph of a linear equation in one variable we follow the following algorithm.
Step I :Obtain the linear equation.
b
Step II: If the equation is of the form ax = b, a 0, then plot the point ,0 and one more
a

point when is any real number. If the equation is of the form ay = b, ,

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 Foundation Accl Math Booklet Bakliwal Tutorials - IIT
then plot the point and where is any real number.

Step III :Joint the points plotted in step II to obtain the required line.

Note: If eq. is in form ax = b then we get a line parallel to Y-axis and if the equation is in form
ay= b then we get a line parallel to X-axis.

Ex.4 Draw the graph of (i) 2x + 5 = 0 (ii) 3y - 15 = 0

Sol. (i)Graph of 2x + 5 = 0

On simplifying it we get 2x = - 5 x = -5/2

First we plot point A1 & then we plot any other point A2 on the graph paper, then

we join these two points we get required line as shown in figure below.
(ii) Graph of 3y - 15 = 0
On simplifying it we get 3y = 15
y = 15/3 y = 5.
First we plot the point B1 (0, 5) & then we plot any other point B2 (3, 5) on the graph paper, then
we join these two points and we get the required line m as shown in figure.

Note: A point which lies on the line is a solution of that equation. A point not lying on the line is not
a solution of the equation.

(B) In order to draw the graph of a linear equation ax + by + c = 0 ,We follow the following
algorithm.
Step I :Obtain the linear equation ax + by + c = 0.

Step II : Express y in terms of x i.e. y = or x in terms of y i.e. .

Step III : Put any two or three values for x or y and calculate the corresponding values of y or
x respectively from the expression obtained in Step II.
Let us write points as .
Step IV :Plot the points on graph paper.
Step V : Joint the points marked in step IV. The line obtained is the graph of the equation
ax +by + c = 0.

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Ex.5 Draw the graph of the line x 2y = 3, from the graph find the coordinate of the point when
(i) x = - 5 (ii) y = 0

Sol. Here given equation is x - 2y = 3.

Solving it for y we get 2y = x - 3 y=

Let x = 0, then

x = 3, then y =

x = - 2, then y = Hence we get

x 0 3 -2
y 0

Clearly when x = - 5 then y = - 4 and when y = 0 then x = 3.

Ex.6 Draw the graph of the lines represented by the equations x + y = 4 and 2x - y = 2 in the same
graph. Also find the coordinate of the point where the two lines intersect.
Sol.
Given equations are
x + y = 4 ......(i) & 2x - y = 2 ......(ii)
(i) We have y = 4 - x

X 0 2 4
Y 4 2 0

(ii) We have y = 2x - 2
X 1 0 3
Y 0 -2 4

By drawing the lines on a graph paper, clearly we can say that P is the point of intersection
where coordinates are x = 2, y = 2

Solution of Linear Equation in one variable

Let ax + b = 0 is one equation then ax + b = 0 ax = - b x = - is a solution.
Ex.7 Solve :
x x x x
Sol. Given 3 3
2 3 2 3
x = 18

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Solution of Linear Equation in Two variables
(A) By Elimination of Making Equal Coefficient :
Ex.8 Solve the following equations
2x - 3y = 5
3x + 2y = 1
Sol. Given equationsare :
2x - 3y = 5 .....(i) 3x + 2y = 1 .....(ii)
Multiplying equation.(i) by 3 and equation. (ii) by 2 we get

On subtraction

-13y = 13

y = -1
Put the value of y in eq. (i) we get
2x - (3) × (-1) = 5
2x + 3 = 5
2x = 5 - 3
2x = 2
x=1
x = 1, y = 1
(B) Substitution Method :
Ex.9 Solve x + 4y = 14 ....(i)
7x - 3y = 5 ...(ii)
Sol. From equation (i) x = 14 - 4y
Substitute the value of x in equation (ii)
7 (14 - 4y) - 3y = 5
98 - 28y - 3y = 5
98 - 31y = 5
93 = 31y
y = 93/31 y=3
Now substitute value of y in equation (ii)
7x - 3 (3) = 5 7x = 14 x = 14/7 = 2
So, solution is x = 2 and y = 3.

(C)Graphical Solution of Simultaneous Equations

Two simultaneous equations can be solved by drawing their
graphs as shown in the following example.
Ex.10 Solve the simultaneous equations 3x + 2y = 12. 2x - y = 1
graphically.
Sol.
In the equation, 3x + 2y = 12
When x = 0; 2y = 12 or y = 6
(0, 6) is point on graph of (i).
When y = 0; 3x = 12 or x = 4
(4. 0) is a point an graph of y (i)
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Hence (0, 6) and (4, 0) are points on graph of (i).
Consider, 2x y =1
When x= 0;y= - 1
(0, - 1) is a point on graph (ii).
When y = 1; 2x - 1 = 1 = 1 or 2x = 2 (I.e.,) x = 1 the point (1, 1) is a point on graph of (ii). To
get the graph of (i) plot the points (0, 6) and (4, 0) and join them. To get the graph of (ii) plot
the points (0, -1) and (1, 1) and join them. The points where the 2 graphs 3x + 2y = 12 and 2x -
y = 1 intersect is P and the coordinates of P satisfy the two equations. The coordinates of P are
given by x = 2 and y = 3 and these are the solutions for x and y,
Solution Sets of Inequalities
The student is already familiar with the solution of equations of the
Type x - 2 = 0.
The solution is x = 2

Now the solution of an inequality or an in-equation of the type x - 2 < 0 or x < 2 will be
discussed.
The solution of x - 2 < 0 i.e., x < 2 is given by the set {x/ x< 2}.
1 belongs to this set since 1 < 2 and 3 does not belong to this set as 3 is not less than 2.
Ex.11 Using the geometric representation of number, sketch the solution of the inequality x < 3. In other
words, sketch the set {x/x < 3).
Sol.
This set consists of all numbers which are less than 3 i.e., which lie to the left of 3 as indicated
in the following Figure.
{x/x < 3}

The shaded portion represents x < 3.

Ex.12 Sketch the set of numbers such that 5x + 10 > 0.

Sol.
-5x + 10 > 0 is equivalent ot 10 > 5x or 5x < 10 i.e., x < 2.
{x/ - 5x + 10 > 0}

The shaded portion represents 5x + 10 > 0.

Ex.13 Sketch the set of numbers satisfying the inequality 1 < x < 3.
Sol.
{x/ -1 < x < 3}

The shaded portion represents 1 < x < 3.

Ex.14 Sketch solution set of the inequality x> 2 or x < - 1.

Sol. {x/x > 2 or x < - 1}

The shaded portion represents x > 2 or x < -1.

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 Foundation Accl Math Booklet Bakliwal Tutorials - IIT
Ex.15 Write down the inequalities which the sketch below indicates.
Sol.

0 does not belong to the set. But 2 belongs to the set x > 0 and x < 2.
Therefore, 0 < x< 2 is the required inequality.

Ex.16 Illustrate graphically the solution set of the inequality2y 4x 5>0

Sol. 2y = 4x + 5 or y =

X -1 0 1

The shaded portion above the straight line,

2y - 5 = 0 represents the region 2y 4x 5 > 0 (excluding the points on the line).
Note: As a check we can consider the point (- 2, 0) which is within the shaded region and this point
satisfies the inequality 2y 4x 5 > 0. Since, 2(0) 4 ( 2) 5 = 8 5 = 3 > 0.

Ex.17 Indicate the region in the xy-plane corresponding to the

solution set of system of in-equations. 2x + y - 2 > 0 and x 2y + 2 < 0
Sol.
Draw the graphs of 2x + y 2 = 0 y = - 2x + 2

and x - 2y + 2 = 0 2y = x + 2 y=

On the graph y = - 2x + 2, (0, 2), (1, 0) are points.

On the graph 2y = x + 2, (-2, 0) and (0, 1) are points.
The shaded portion represents the region satisfied by the given
inequality
The shaded region is above the two straight lines.
The equation 2x + y - 2 > 0 is equivalent to y > - 2x + 2.
The equation x 2y + 2 < 0 is equivalent to x + 2 < 2y or 2y > x + 2
y > (x+2) / 2
Check: The point (1, 2) is in the shaded region and it satisfies the given inequalities.
2x + y 2 > 0
when x = 1; y = 2; 2(1) 2(2) + 2 = -1 < 0
EXERCISE
Level-1
1. Which of the following equation is not linear equation ?
(A) 2x + 3 = 7x - 2 (B) x + 5 = 3x - 4 (C) x2 + 3 = 5x - 3 (D) (x - 2)2 = x2 + 8

2. Solution of equation is
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3. The value of x which satisfy is

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 Foundation Accl Math Booklet Bakliwal Tutorials - IIT
(A) -1 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) -2
4. A man is thrice as old as his son. After 14 years, the man will be twice as old as his son, then present
age of this son.
(A) 42 years (B) 14 years (C) 12 years (D) 36 years
5. One forth of one third of one half of a number is 12, then number is
(A) 284 (B) 286 (C) 288 (D) 290
6. A linear equation in two variables has maximum
(A)only one solution (B) two solution (C) infinite solution (D) None of these
7. Solution of the equation x - 2y = 2 is/are
(A)x = 4, y = 1 (B) x = 2, y = 0 (C) x = 6, y = 2 (D) All of these
8. The graph of line 5x + 3y = 4 cuts Y-axis at the point
(A) (B) (C) (D)

9. If x = 1, y = 1 is a solution of equation 9ax + 12ay = 63 then, the value of a is

(A) -3 (B) 3 (C) 7 (D) 5
10. If what is the value of m + n?
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C)0 (D)1
11. Solution of 2x+2 0

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

12. Graphical solution of x+y=2 is

(A) (B) (C) (D)

13. Graphical solution of 2x+y 2>0

(A) (B) (C) (D)

14. Solution of equation

(A) (B) (C) (D)

15*. Pick the INCORRECT option:

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 Foundation Accl Math Booklet Bakliwal Tutorials - IIT

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

16. If a pair of linear equation a1 x b1 y c1 0 and represents intersecting lines, then

(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these

17. The system of equation and has

(A) Unique solution (B) No solution

(C) Infinitely many solution (D) None of these

18. and has no solution

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Level-2
2x 7 4x 3
1. If , find the value of x3 + x2 + x + 1.
x 2 2x 7
2. Determine whether x = 5, y = 4 is a solution of the equation x - 2y = - 3
3. Solve the following linear equations in two variable.
(A) 8x - 5y = 34, 3x - 2y = 13
(B) 20x + 3y = 7, 8y - 15x = 5
(C) 2x - 3y - 3 = 0, + 4y + =0

4. Draw the graph of 2x + 3y = 6 and use it to find the area of triangle formed by the line and co-
ordinate axis.
5. Draw the graph of the lines 4x - y = 5 and 5y - 4x = 7 on the same graph paper and find the
coordinates of their point of intersection.
6. Draw the graph of x - y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y - 12 = 0 on the same graph. Calculate the area bounded
by these lines & X-axis.
7. If p = 3x + 1, q = and p : q = 6 : 5 then find x.

8. If 2x + 3y 4 = 0 & x - 5y 2 = 0, then value of is?

9. The sum of two numbers is 15 and the sum of their reciprocal is , let the product of two numbers

be P then is --------
10. Consider the following two pairs of values of x and y
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 Foundation Accl Math Booklet Bakliwal Tutorials - IIT
x=3, y=4 and x=1, y=7
the linear equation satisfied by both of these pairs of value is written as y=mx+b then what is the
value of 5m+b
11. The altitude of a triangle is of the length of its corresponding base. If the altitude in increased by 2cm
and the base is decreased by 1cm, area remains same. find the base and altitude of triangle.

(A) 1.6 and 1.2 (B) 1.8 and 1.2 (C) 1.5 and 1.3 (D) 1.2 and 1.6

12. At a certain time in a deer park, the number of heads and the number of legs of deer and human
visitors were counted and it was found there were 39 heads & 132 legs. Find the number of deer and
human visitors in the park.

13. When 6 boys were admitted & 6 girls left the percentage of boys increased from 60% to 75%. Find
the original no. of boys and girls in the class.

14. A chemist has one solution which is 50% acid and a second solution which is 25% acid. How much
of each should be mixed to make 10 litres of 40% acid solution.

15. Find the value of p and q for which the system of equations represent coincident lines

16. Students are made to stand in rows. If one student is extra in a row there would be 2 rows less. If one
student is less in a row there would be 3 rows more. Find the number of students in the class.

ANSWER KEY
Level-1

Qus. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans. C D B B C C D A B
Qus. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans. B A A A A B,D A A A

Level-2

1. -104 2. Yes 3. (A) (3,-2) (B) (1/5 , 1) (C) (21/20 , -3/10)

4. 3 5. (2, 3) 6. 15/2 7. -7 8. 1 9. 5 10. 1

11. A 12. No. of deers = 27 and No. of humans = 12

13. No. of boys = 24 and No. of girls = 16

14. 50% acid solution = 6 liter and 25% acid solution = 4 liter 15. P = 3, q = 2

16. 60

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