Name : MOHAMMED IHSAN NT

Assignment No. :2

SCENARIO FOR DAILY ASSINGNMENTS THROUGHT OUT THE COURSE

You are a newly appointed health and safety advisor for a construction
company. You work in the head office, which is a two-storey office building, along
with: - 20 other office-based workers who administer construction contracts. One of
these workers has impaired hearing; - an office-based contracts manager, who co-
ordinates construction work contracts and activities; - 20 mobile construction
workers, including an operations manager, who occasionally visit the office in their
vehicles.
The opening hours of the office are flexible depending on the needs of the work. The
contracts manager has a reputation for being irritable and unapproachable, is only
seen when arriving and leaving, and is occasionally abusive if interrupted.
The office building is in a business park away from main traffic routes. The office has
its own on-site car park, but spaces are sometimes limited. When all of the allocated
spaces are taken, some vehicles are parked across existing parked cars, blocking
them in and making it hazardous to manoeuvre. No one has assessed the risks in
the car park.
Recently, a near miss occurred in the car park, when a distracted construction
worker reversed their vehicle recklessly, narrowly missing a fellow construction
worker walking to their own vehicle parked opposite. As a result, there was an angry
exchange between the two of them.
You decided to talk informally with some of the workers. They described previous
near misses and minor collisions; with vehicles reversing out of allocated spaces into
other vehicles, and vehicles narrowly missing pedestrians. The workers said that
they would not report these because they were afraid of being blamed. Also, no one
listened to them or took any action. They also told you that there is no formal health
and safety discussion between workers and managers. In your role as a health and
safety advisor you would like to improve health and safety because you take your
responsibilities seriously and want to make the workplace safer for everyone.
You discuss the near miss and subsequent exchange with the two workers and the
operations manager. You ask for their opinions. The worker, who was almost struck
by the reversing car, suggested that it would be safer if everyone reversed into car
parking spaces. The operations manager was less helpful and said that there was
nothing to worry about, and that this has been happening for years, but no one had
ever been seriously hurt. The operations manager also said it was best for people to
sort it out themselves. Workers tell you that outside of daylight hours, lighting levels
in the car park are poor. Sometimes workers arrive and leave when it is dark.
Floodlights are mounted on the office wall facing the car park. However, the
floodlights were not working at the time of the incident. Again, no one had reported
that these lights were not working.
You have decided to review the commitment the company has made to worker
health and safety. There seems to be no statement of general policy (statement of
intent) on health and safety. The policy is not displayed on noticeboards. You have
searched the company intranet and you cannot find this statement of general policy
anywhere. You have asked the contracts manager about this, who replied that the
safety policy is an important document and is only available if needed for third
parties. None of the workers know what a statement of general policy looks like. You
tell the contracts manager that the company is breaking health and safety law. Due
to the seriousness of the recent car park near miss and health and safety policy
issues, you insist that a health and safety committee meeting should be held as soon
as possible. You asked the contracts manager and the operations manager to
attend. Both managers agree, as the last health and safety committee meeting was
over a year ago.

Open Book Examination

Guidance to learners

This is an open book examination. It is not invigilated, and you are free to use any
learning resources to which you have access, eg your course notes (Text Books), or
the HSE website, etc.
By submitting your completed examination for marking, you are declaring it is entirely
your own work. Knowingly claiming work to be your own when it is someone else’s
work is malpractice, which carries severe penalties. This means that you must not
collaborate with or copy work from others. Neither should you ‘cut and paste’ blocks
of text from the Internet or other sources.
The examination begins with a realistic scenario to set the scene. You will then need
to complete a series of tasks based on this scenario. Each task will consist of one or
more questions. Your responses to most of these tasks should wholly, or partly, draw
on relevant information from the scenario. The task will clearly state the extent to
which this is required.
The marks available are shown in brackets to the right of each question, or part of
each question. This will help guide you to the amount of information required in your
response. In general, one mark is given for each correct technical point that is clearly
demonstrated.
Single word answers or lists are unlikely to gain marks as this would not
normally be enough to show understanding or a connection with the scenario.
Avoid writing too little as this will make it difficult for the Examiner to award
marks.

Actual Examination
(Please do not consider the below mentioned instructions when doing the
assignments given in the class; but will be applicable in your actual
examination conducted by NEBOSH)

The examination will take you approximately 4 hours to complete.

This includes reading, researching, and completing the tasks.
You are not expected to write not more than 3 000 words in total.
Try to distribute your time and word count proportionately across all tasks.
It is recommended that you use the available answer template.
Please attempt ALL tasks.
You will receive further instructions on how to submit your assessment.
(Copy Paste the assignment question for submission here.)

Question:

1)what is meant by hazard and Risk , explain with suitable example from

the scenario?

2):What additional administrative control measures could the

management put in place to prevent a repeat of this accident in the car

parking area?

3)Based on the scenario only, what Technical control measures can be

implemented by the

organisation to prevent the reoccurring of the incident in the

workplace to make workers safe and healthy?

Caution
 NO copy and paste from anywhere (internet sources or textbook)
 No collaboration with other students.
Answer

1 ) * RISK is actually defines as the LIKELIHOOD THAT A HAZARD WILL CAUSE HARM IN
COMBINATION WITH THE SEVERITY OF INJURY OR DAMAGE THAT MIGHT FORESEEABLE
OCCUR. simply we Can say that RISK IS A COMBINATION OF LIKELIHOOD AND SEVERITY. IF
the chance for happening an incident is more and the severity of that particualr incident is
also more, so it will aiutomatically increases the Risk level.
* HAZARD is simply we can explain that SOMETHING WHICH HAVE THE CAPABILTY OR
CAPACITY TO CAUSE HARM IN THE FORM OF SOURCE OR SITUATION. From the above
mentioned scenerio there was possible chance For occuring various RISKS AND HAZARDS
in the site.
Following are the various hazards and risks associated with the car parking incident of
above mentioned scenerio
* Over-parking and site congestion resulting in dangerous
manoeuvres, blocking of pedestrian routes.
* Lack of properly segregated and poorly marked parking areas
without clearly defined pedestrian routes
* Poor lighting facility for the visibility of parking area to drivers
* Poor maintenance of car park equipment and facilities
resulting in equipment failure and accidents

2) ADMINSTRATIVE CONTROL is a type of HIERARCHY OF

CONTROL which mainly deals with the change in nature or way of
the work of people. Adminstrative control is basis of behavioural
control and procedural control of workers. BEHAVIOURAL
CONTROL mainly changes the behavioural control of workers
towards safety culture through the following ways
* Training ( introduction training, job,
refreshment training..)
* Information and instruction regarding
the nature and culture of the job and all queries regarding health
issues related to work
* supervision is a mode of giving advices
and monitoring the workers in a frequent interval to avoid hazards
related to jobs
* signages are commonly seen safety
measures mainly in the form of sign boards as safety signs like
PROHIBITION SIGNAGE, WARNING SIGNAGE,MANDATORY
SIGNAGE, SAFE CONDITION SIGNAGE AND FIRE EQUIPMENT
SIGNAGE
PROCEDURAL CONTROL is a method of providing to
develop various safe conditions in work field to the workers inorder to
protect from hazards.
*Reduce the exposure and duration of
exposure by shifting the workers , rest break for workers, health
check up for the workers, house keeping and waste management
should also provided to protect them from hazards. Even though after
this facilities Emergency way of procedures and firat aid should be
available for a better work Scenerio.
** IN THE ABOVE SCENERIO THE MANAGEMENT PUT
FOLLOWING ADMINSTRATIVE CONTROLS OVER THE CAR
PARKING ISSUE IN ORDER TO PREVENT FROM FURTHER
ACCIDENTS AND HAZARDS
* SIGNS AND INSTRUCTIONS
Make sure that all drivers and pedestrians know and understand the
routes and traffic rules on site. Use standard road signs where
appropriate.Provide induction training for drivers, workers and visitors
and send instructions out to visitors before their visit

*GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
General good housekeeping is also important because if obstructions
are left blocking traffic routes, or if driving or walking surfaces become
littered, slippery or too dirty, they may cause significant risks to health
and safety.
* RULES AND PROCEDURES
Rules and procedures need to be communicated to all users. This
can be achieved by the use of appropriate signage in the parking
area (for employees and visitors alike) or by the internal means of
communication utilised by the organisation.
* SHIFTING/ ROTATING OF WORKERS IN PARKING AREA
Many shift work positions follow a fixed schedule with the same
starting and ending times for each shift, as well as the same work
days during the week. A rotating schedule5, on the other hand, may
include different shift times and/or different work days that vary from
week to week.
*REDUCTION OF VEHICLES IN PARKING SITE
Minimse the no of vehicles by providing new area and by applying
good policies and other parking related ideas to the people for to
realise and accept the managemnt to reduce the car parking
scenerio.

3 ) IN THE ABOVE SCENERIO One of the most common problems is

saturation of parking spaces. Vehicles continue to outnumber existing
parking spaces, thus clogging roads. Incidences of violence over occupancy,
deformed cars due to a space crunch, and overcharging for parking are
some problems that result. THIS CAN BE AVOIDED BY INTRODUCING SOME
TECHINICAL CONTROL MEASURES FROM THE SAFETY ADVISOR INORDER TO
PREVENT AND HELP THE WORKERS FROM HAZARDS RELATED TO CAR
PARKING ISSUES
* ALARM SYSTEMS
Alarm systems alert operators to plant conditions, such as
deviation from normal operating limits and to abnormal events, which
require timely action or assessment.Alarm systems are not normally
safety related, but do have a role in enabling operators to reduce the
demand on the safety related systems, thus improving overall plant
safety in the parking area and helps to prevent collapsing vehicles in
the underrated building site.
*SENSORS
Sensors include their connection to the process, both of which should
be adequately reliable. A measure of their reliability is used in
confirming the integrity level of the protective system. This measure
should take into account the proportion of failures of the sensor and
its process connection which are failures to danger the capacity to
prevent vehicles to avoid and monitoring the queries related to car
parking.
* ACUTATORS AND SIGNAL CONVERSION
To avoid crushing proper signals which help each indivudual to
capture the idea to realise the correct position of parking
ofcar.Actuators are the final control elements or systems and include
contactors and the electrical apparatus under control, valves (control
and isolation), including pilots valves, valve actuators and positioners,
power supplies and utilities which are required for the actuator to
perform its safety function, all of which should be adequately reliable.
A measure of their reliability is used in confirming the integrity level of
the protective system. This measure should take into account the
proportion of failures of the actuator under the relevant process
conditions
* MAINTENANCE IN CAR PARKING AREA
Procedures should be available for maintenance activities including:
. maintenance in its flooring area
. maintenance in floodlight.
. maintenance in lighting facilities
. providing more hums to prevent speed inside the parking site
*The use of physical precautions (eg bollards and barriers) is
recommended to prevent vehicles crossing into walking areas, while
combined with a one-way traffic flow system.Ensuring that vehicles
are driven safely and parked correctly can be problematic to control.
However, where necessary rules should be developed and staff
should be made aware of these rules. These may include:

setting speed limits within the car park area

allocating parking bays to specific employees

demarcating parking areas specifically for visitors.

the provision of suitable lighting to reduce dark areas

management systems that review procedures for safe operation

maintenance procedures for any security-related items (eg CCTV)

the arrangement of parking areas to reduce obstructions and aid

surveillance

controlled pedestrian and vehicular access and egress routes

good and clearly visible signage relating to the safe use of the car
park

suitable and sufficient surveillance arrangements (eg CCTV, patrols,

etc).
THESE ARE THE VARIOUS CONTROL MEASURES PUT
FORWARD BY THE MANAGEMNET TO PREVENT THE
REOCCURENCE OF CAR PARKING INCIDENTS AND HAZRDS IN
THE BUILDING SITE.