¯’vbvsK IA

1.1 f~wgKv (Introduction) : †Kvb we›`yi Ae¯’vb wbY©‡qi Rb¨ we›`ywU‡K †Kvb w¯’i we›`yi mv‡_
Zzjbv Ki‡Z nq| †Kvb mgZ‡j (Plane) †Kvb wKQzi Ae¯’vb wbY©‡qi Rb¨ `ywU j¤^fv‡e ci¯úi‡”Q`x
wbw`©ó mij‡iLv A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e| GKwU gvÎ mij‡iLv Øviv †Kvi we›`yi Ae¯’vb wbY©q Kiv hvq bv
†Kbbv H †iLv n‡Z wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡ AmsL¨ we›`y Ae¯’vb K‡i| ci¯ú‡ii Dci j¤^ `ywU mij‡iLv n‡Z
wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z GKwU Ges †KejgvÎ GKwU we›`yB cvIqv hvq| †h‡nZz mij‡iLvØq wbw`©ó
myZivs G‡`i †Q`we›`ywUI wbw`©ó| D³ we›`yi †cÖw¶‡ZB Aci mKj we›`yi Ae¯’vb wbY©q Kiv hvq|
1.2 Kv‡Z©mxq mgZj I ¯’vbvsK (Cartesian plane & Co-ordinates) : divwm `vk©wbK MwYZwe` I
ˆeÁvwbK †i‡b †`Kv‡Z© (Rene Descartes) (1596 – 1650) GKwU mgZ‡j j¤^fv‡e ci¯úi‡”Q`x `yBwU mij
†iLv‡K A¶‡iLv (axes of co-ordinates) we‡ePbv K‡ib| mij‡iLv `yBwUi †Q`we›`y‡K g~jwe›`y (origin)
Ges †iLv `yBwU‡K AvqZ A¶ (Rectangular axes) bvgKiY K‡ib| Avbyf~wgK †iLv †K x- A¶ (x-axes)
Ges j¤^‡iLv‡K y- A¶ (y-axes) ejv nq| GB mgZj‡K Kv‡Z©mxq mgZj (Cartesian plane) e‡j| A¶Ø‡qi
†Q`‡bi d‡j Drcbœ PviwU mg‡KvY wewkó PviwU fv‡Mi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K GKwU PZz©fvM ejv nq|
XOY, YOX´, X´OY´ Ges Y´OX PZzf©vM¸‡jv‡K h_vµ‡g cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq I PZz_© PZzf©vM
e‡j|

Kv‡Z©mxq mgZjwUi cÖwZwU we›`y‡K `yBwU ev¯—e msL¨vi µg‡Rvo cwiYZ Kiv nq| A_©vr †Kvb
mgZ‡ji cÖwZwU we›`yB `yBwU ev¯—e msL¨vi µg‡RvoGes µg‡Rvo¸‡jv R×R ¸bR †m‡Ui m`m¨|
†mLv‡b R Øviv ev¯—e msL¨vi †mU m~wPZ K‡i| myZivs µg‡Rv‡oi †mUwU Amxm †mU| Kvib ev¯—
e msL¨v AmsL¨| µg‡Rvo (x, y) Gi cÖ_g Dcv`vb x Øviv Kv‡Z©mxq mgZ‡ji †Kvb we›`yi x-¯’vbvsK Ges
wØZxq Dcv`vb y Øviv H we›`yi y ¯’vbvsK wb‡`©k K‡i| A_©vr Kv‡Z©mxq mgZjwU nj ¸YR †mU
R×R|
 1.3 ‡cvjvi ¯’vbvsK (Polar Co-ordinates) : Kv‡Z©mxq
¯’vbvsK c×wZ Qvov we›`yi Ae¯’vb wbY©q Ki‡Z AviI
GK cÖKvi c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq| G‡K †cvjvi ¯’vbvsK
c×wZ e‡j|
g‡b Kwi, †h †Kvb mgZ‡i O g~jwe›`y Ges A GKwU
wbw`©ó we›`y Ges OX GKwU wbw`©ó mij‡iLv| O,A
†hvM Kwi| OA mij‡iLv OX †iLvi mv‡_ θ †KvY
Drcbœ K‡i| A_©vr XOA = θ Ges OA = r Gi gvb
Rvb‡Z cvi‡j A we›`yi Ae¯’vb Rvbv hv‡e| Zvn‡j A
we›`yi †cvjvi ¯’vbvsK (r, θ)| OX Gi Dci OY j¤^
AuvwK Ges OX, OY A¶Øq mv‡c‡¶ g‡b Kwi A we›`yi
Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbvsK (x, y)| A we›`y n‡Z OX Gi Dci
AN j¤^ Uvwb|
myZivs ON = x, AN = y Ges OA = r, XOA = θ,
GLv‡b r-†K ejv nq e¨vmva© †f±i (Radius Vector)
Ges θ †KvY‡K ejv nq †f‡±vwiqvj †KvY (Vectorial
Angle). O †K g~jwe›`y ev †cvj Ges OX †K Avw` †iLv
ev g~j †iLv ejv nq|

‡cvjvi I Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbvs‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤ú©K(Relation between Cartesian

& polar coordinates):

g‡b Kwi,XOX’ GesYOY’ Kv‡Z©mx©q A¶ `ywU ci¯úi Owe›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|

Kv‡Z©mx©q ¯’vbvsK c×wZi g~jwe›`y nj †cvjvi ¯’vbvsK c×wZi †gi“(Pole)
Ges OX g~j‡iLv|
awi, A we›`yi Kv‡Z©mx©q ¯’vbvsK (x,y)

mÂvi c_- I D
1.9. we›`yi mÂvic_ I Zvi mgxKiY(Locus of point  It’s equaition):
GK ev GKvwaK kZ©vax‡b †Kvb Pjgvb we›`y GKB mgZ‡j †h c‡_ mÂvi K‡i Zv‡K H mKj kZ©vax‡b
H we›`yi mÂvi c_ ejv nq| GK¸”Q we›`y e¨wZZ KZ¸‡jv we›`y Ae¯’vb wbY©‡qi ci Zv‡`i ms‡hvRb K‡i
mij‡iLv ev eµ †iLv cvIqv hv‡e †mUvB n‡e Pjgvb we›`yi R¨vwgwZK mÂvi c_| Pjgvb we›`yi mÂvi‡Yi
kZ©¸‡jv hw` †Kvb ¯’vbvs‡Ki m¤úK© AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq, Zv n‡j H m¤úK©‡K mÂvic‡_i
mgxKiY ejv nq|
‡hgb x-A¶ †_‡K 4 GKK `~ieZ©x KZ¸‡jv we›`yi †mU GKwU mÂvic_| GKwU Pjgvb we›`y hw`
me©`vB x- A¶ eivei P‡j Z‡e H we›`yi Ae¯’vb ‡_‡K cÖvß µg‡Rvo n‡e(x,o) A_©vr me mgq
we›`ywUi ¯’vbvs = 0; Zvn‡j,x- A‡¶i Dcwiw¯’Z we›`y¸‡jvi †mU Pjgvb we›`yi mÂvic_ ˆZwi K‡i
A_©vr cÖ`Ë k©Zvax‡b Pjgvb we›`yi mÂvic_ x A¶| Avevi x A‡¶i Dcwiw¯’Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU we›`y
y = 0 mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i, D³ mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY y = 0 A_©vr x- A‡¶i mgxKiY y = 0
Abyiƒ‡c y- A‡¶i mgxKiY x = 0|

Pjgvb we›`ywU A¶ †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x n‡j H Pjgvb we›`yi mKj Ae¯’v‡b Zv A¶Øq n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x
A_©vr we›`yi mKj Ae¯’vbB Zvi f~R I †KvwU mgvb n‡e| GKB mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY n‡e x = y.

GKB mgZj¯’ `ywU wbw`©ó we›`y n‡Z me©`v mg`~eZ©x Pjgvb we›`yi mÂvic_
GKwU mij †iLv hv H we›`y
؇qi ms‡hvR‡K †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK n‡e|

‡Kvb mgZ‡j †Kvb w¯’i we›`y O n‡Z me©`v mgvb 4 GKK `~i‡Z¡ Ae¯’vb K‡i G iƒc Pjgvb we›`yi
mÂvic_
GKwU e„Ë| O we›`yi ¯’vbvsK Rvbv †M‡j H mÂvic‡_i e„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Kiv hv‡e|

mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY wbY©‡qi wbqgt †h we›`yi mÂvic_ wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi ¯’vbvsK me©`v (x,y)
ai‡Z nq| AZtci cÖ`Ë kZ© †gvZv‡eK mgxKiY MVb Ki‡Z nq|

MÖ“cÑ1
1. A-1; GKwU †m‡Ui we›`ymg~‡ni x A¶ †_‡K `~iZ¡ y Ñ A¶ n‡Z Zv‡`i `~i‡Z¡i Pvi MyY| mÂvic‡_i
mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

2. A-2; GKwU ‡mU Ggbfv‡e MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, (b,O) we›`y †_‡K †mUwUi †h †Kvb we›`yi `~iZ¡ y
– A¶ †iLv †_‡K Gi `~i‡Z¡i mgvb| mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

3.A–3; (3.0) I (–4,0) we›`y †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x we›`ymg~‡ni †mU †h mÂvic_ MVb K‡i Zvi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki|

4. A-5; (2,O) we›`y †_‡K GKwU †m‡Ui we›`ymg‡ni `~iZ¡ x = O †iLv †_‡K Zv‡`i `~i‡Z¡i wZb MyY|
mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

5. A-13; GKwU †mU Ggbfv‡e MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q †h y- A¶‡iLv †_‡K Gi †h †Kvb we›`yi `~iZ¡ , g~j
we›`y †_‡K Gi Zvi `~i‡Z¡i A‡a©K| mÂvic_ wbY©q Ki|

6. A-15; (2a,O) we›`y Ges y- A¶ †iLv †_‡K GKwU †m‡Ui we›`yMy‡jvi `~iZ¡ mgvb| mÂvic_ wbY©q
Ki|

7. A-16; x- A¶ †_‡K GKwU †m‡Ui cÖwZwU we›`yi `~i‡Z¡i eM©, y- A¶ †_‡K we›`ywUi `~i‡Z¡i 4a
MyY| mÂvic_ wbY©q Ki|

8. A-18; (2,-1) we›`y †_‡K †h †m‡Ui we›`ymg~‡ni `~iZ¡ 4 GKK †mB †mU wb‡`©wkZ mÂvic_
wbY©q Ki|
 cªkœgvjv: I D
MÖ“c – 2

1. A-6; A(O,4) Ges (O,6) `ywU w¯’i we›`y| Kv‡Z©mxq mgZ‡j we›`ymgy‡ni Ggb GKwU †mU MVb
Kiv n‡q‡Q †h AB mij †iLv H †m‡Ui †h †Kvb we›`y‡Z GK mg‡KvY Drcbœ K‡i| mÂvic_ wbY©q Ki|

2. A-7; (a,O) Ges (O,a) we›`y `yBwU †_‡K GKwU †m‡Ui we›`ymg~n `~i‡Z©i e‡M©i Aš—idj me©`v
2a| mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

3. A-8; A(2,3) Ges B(-1,4) `yBwU w¯’i we›`y| GKwU †mU Ggbfv‡e MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q †h A Ges B
we›`y †_‡K †m‡Ui †h †Kvb we›`yi `~iv‡Z¡i AbycvZ 2 t 3| mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

4.-12; A,B,C wZbwU w¯’i we›`yi ¯’vbvOK (a,O) , (-a,O) Ges (C,O)| GKwU †mU Ggbfv‡e MVb Kiv
n‡q‡Q †h Gi †h †Kvb we›`y P(x,y) Gi Rb¨ PA2 + PB2 = 2PC2| mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

5. A-17; GKwU †m‡Ui †h †Kvb Dcv`vb AIB mv‡_ GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎf~R Drcbœ K‡i| A(a,b) Ges
B(O,b) n‡j mÂvic_ wbY©q Ki|

MÖ“c-3
1. A-9; O,A,B,C- Gi ¯’vbv¼ h_vµ‡g (O,O), (3,5),(2,6),(x,y); B I C we›`y `ywU OA- ‡iLvi GKB cv‡k
Aew¯’Z| (x,y) we›`ywU hw` GKwU †m‡Ui m`m¨ nq hvi cÖwZwU we›`yi Rb¨ OAC = 2 OAB Z‡e
†`LvI †h, m&Âvic‡_i mgxKiY
5x-3y + 16 = 0

2. A-10; GKwU †m‡Ui cÖwZwU we›`y B(1,1) I C(-1,-1) we›`y `yBwUi m‡½ Ggb GKwU wÎf~R MVb
K‡i hvi †¶Îdj 5 eM© GKK| mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

3. A-11; A(x,y) , B(-6,-3) Ges C(6,3) we›`y A we›`ywU Ggb GKwU †m‡Ui m`m¨ †h †mUwUi †h †Kvb
we›`y †_‡K BC evnyi Dci Aw¼Z ga¨gvi ˆ`N¨© GKwU w¯’i msL¨v 5| †`LvI †h mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY x2 +
y2 = 25.

4. A-14; A,B,C wZbwU w¯’i we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ h_vKª‡g (4,-3), (2,5), (-3,1),P(x,y) we›`y Ggb GKwU
†m‡Ui m`m¨ hvi cÖwZwU we›`yi Rb¨ | mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

mij †iLv (STRAIGHT)

2.1f~wgKv (Introduction)t Avgiv Rvwb, kZ© mv‡c‡¶ †Kvb we›`yi Pjvi c_‡K mÂvic_ (Locus)e‡j|
†m†¶‡Î PjK(variable) -Gi kw³ (power) -GK NvZ wewkó n‡j H we›`yi Pjvi c_‡K mij †iLv e‡j|

mij‡iLvi mgxKiYt mgxKi‡Y Pj‡Ki kw³ (power) GK NvZ wewkó n‡j H mgxKiY‡K mij‡iLvi mgxKiY
e‡j| †hgbt y = 3x GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY| KviY, GLv‡b x I y Gi NvZ (power) GK|

mij‡iLvi Av`k© mgxKiYt ax + by + c = 0 †K mij‡iLvi Av`k© mgxKiY e‡j| GLv‡b a I b- †K h_vµ‡g

PjK x I y -Gi mnM e‡j| †hLv‡b GKwU aª“eK|
GLv‡b, a = 3, b = 4, c = 5 n‡j mgxKiYwU `uvovq, 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 hv GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY
2.2 bwZ (Inclination)t

†iLvi mv‡_ †iLvi bwZt awi R1I R 2 ‡iLvØq ci®úi P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i Ges
P †K †K›`ª
K‡i R1 Gi Ae¯’vb n‡Z GKwU mij‡iLv‡K abvZœK w`‡K Nywi‡q R2
Ae¯’v‡b Avb‡j †h †KvY
Drcbœ nq Zv‡K R1Gi mv‡_ R2 Gi †KvY ev bwZ e‡j| wP‡Î G †KvYwU
n‡”Q 1| Avevi R2
Gi Ae¯’vb n‡Z GKwU mij‡iLv‡K abvZœK w`‡K Nywi‡q R1 Gi Ae¯’v‡b
Avb‡j †h †KvY Drcbœ
nq Zv‡K R2 Gi mv‡_ R1 †KvY ev bwZ e‡j|
wP‡Î †KvY ev bwZ nj 2
2.3. mij†iLvi Xvj (Slope of the Straight Line)/ µgvebwZ (The gradient)t
msÁvt †Kvb mij‡iLv x A‡¶i abvZœK w`‡Ki mv‡_ †h †KvY ˆZwi K‡i Zvi w·KvYwgwZK
U¨vb‡R‡›Ui(tan) gvb ‡K H mij‡iLvi Xvj (Slope) ev µgvebwZ(The gradient) e‡j|
Xvj‡K mvaviYZ m Øviv m~wPZ Kiv nq| GKvwaK mij‡iLvi ‡¶‡Î XvjMy‡jv‡K mvaviYZ
m1,m2,m3,BZ¨vw` Øviv m~wPZ Kiv nq| wPÎ-1-G, g‡b Kwi PQ ‡iLvwU x - A‡¶i
abvZœK w`‡Ki mv‡_  -‡KvY ˆZwi K‡i ( ),GB -‡Kv‡Yi
w·KvYwgwZK tan –Gi AbycvZ PQ †iLvi Xvj Ges Xvj‡K m Øviv m~wPZ Kiv nq|
AZGe, PQ- ‡iLi Xvj, m = tan; Avevi ST ‡iLvwU x- A‡¶i abvZœK w`‡Ki m‡_ hw` 1 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i
( ) Zvn‡j m = tan1.
Abywm×vbZt
(i) mij †iLvi Xvj ïaygvÎ Abyj¤^ (non-vertical) Z_v y - A‡¶i Amgvš—vivj †iLvi Rb¨ msÁvwq|
(ii) x- A‡¶i mgvš—vivj †h †Kvb †iLvi Xvj k~b¨ ; KviY = 0|
(iii) y – A‡¶i mgvš—vivj †Kvb †iLvi AwbY©q ; wKš—y Bnvi bwZ nj 900|
(iv) †Kvb †iLvi bwZ m~¶è ‡KvY n‡j , Xvj abvZœK|
(v) ‡Kvb †iLvi bwZ ¯’yj †KvY n‡j, Bnvi Xvj FbvZœK n‡e|

m~Îmg~nt
i) X A‡¶i mgxKiY , y = 0
x A‡¶i mgvš—vivj mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, y = b
ii) y A‡¶i mgxKiY , x = 0
y A‡¶i mgvš—vivj mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, x = a.
iii) m Xvj wewkó I y A¶ n‡Z C Ask †Q` Kix mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, y = m x + C [ ‡hLv‡b Xvj m = ]
iv) g~jwe›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiYt y = m x .
v) Xvj ‡iLvi mgxKiY t ( x1, y1) we›`yMvgx Ges m Xvj wewkó mij‡iLvi mgxKiY y – y 1 = m (x–x1).
vi) `yB we›`yMvgx †iLvi mgxKiYt (x1,y1) I (x2,y2) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY .
vii) (‡Q`K AvK…wZ) mij‡iLvt
Giƒc mij‡iLvi mgxKiY hv x A¶‡iLv n‡Z a Ask I y A¶‡iLv n‡Z b Ask †Q` K‡i|

Group-1

1. g~j we›`y Ges (4,5) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

2. wbgœwjwLZ `yBwU we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Kit
(i) (2,–4) Ges (–3, 5)
(ii) (5, 7) Ges (0,–4)
 (iii) (a, b) Ges (a – b, a + b)

3. (5, –5) we›`yMvgx Ges x - A‡¶i Dci j¤^ †iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
4. (–1, 3) we›`yMvgx Ges y- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj Ges y- A‡¶i Dci j¤^‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
5. GKwU mij‡iLvi g~j we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges x A‡¶i abvZœK w`‡Ki mv‡_i (i) 300 (ii)600 (iii) 1350 (iv)
1500 ‡KvY Drcbœ K‡i
Zvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
6. GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hv(3, –4) we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges (i) x- A‡¶i abvZœK w`‡Ki m‡½
1500 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
(ii) hvi Xvj

Group-2

1. GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hv A¶Øq n‡Z mgvb LwÊZ Ask †Q` K‡i Ges (2, –3) we›`y w`‡q
hvq|
2. GKwU mij‡iLv A¶Øq n‡Z mgvb Ask †Q` K‡i Ges ( ) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg K‡i, Zvi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki|
3. GKwU mij‡iLv A¶Øq †_‡K mggv‡bi †hvM‡evaK Ask †Q` K‡i| gyj we›`y n‡Z Gi Dci AswKZ j‡¤^i
ˆ`N©¨ 6 GKK Gi
mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
4. GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hv (–3, 8) we›`yMvgx Ges A¶Øq †_‡K mggv‡bi abvZœK Ask
†Q` K‡i|
5. x-A¶ I y - A¶ n‡Z †Kvb mij‡iLv Øviv LwÊZ As‡ki †hvMdj I we‡qvMdj h_vµ‡g 9 I 5 n‡j †iLvwUi
mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
6. ‡Kvb mij‡iLv (3, 7) we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges A¶Øq n‡Z wecixZ wPý wewkó mggv‡bi Ask †Q` K‡i|
mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
7. (2, 5) we›`y w`‡q MgbKvix mij‡iLvwU A¶Øq †_‡K mggv‡bi wecixZ wPý wewkó Ask †Q` K‡i|
†iLvwwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
†iLvwUi †h we›`y‡Z †KvwU fy‡Ri wظY nq Zvi ¯’vbvsK †ei Ki|
8. GKwU mij‡iLv A¶Øq‡K Ggbfv‡e †Q` K‡i †hb, x-A‡¶i †Q`K Ask y- A‡¶i †Q`K As‡ki wZ¡¸Y nq
Ges †iLvwU (–2, 6)
we›`y w`‡q hvq ; Zvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
9. m I c Gi gvb KZ n‡j y = mx + c ‡iLvwU (2, 3) I (3, 4) we›`y w`‡q hv‡e|

Group-3

1. mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi A¶Ø‡qi ga¨eZ©x Ask (6, 2) we›`y‡Z 2 : 3 Abycv‡Z wef³|
2. mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi A¶Ø‡qi ga¨eZ©x LwÊZ Ask (4, 3) we›`y‡Z 5 : 3 Aš—ivq|
3. mij‡iLvi A¶Ø‡qi ga¨eZ©x LwÊZ Ask (2, 3) we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ nq Zvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

Group-4

1. Ggb GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hv (3, 2) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg K‡i Ges x I y A¶‡K h_vµ‡g
A I B we›`y‡Z †Q`
K‡i †hb OA – OB = 2 nq , hLb O g~jwe›`y|
2. GKwU mij †iLv (2, 6) we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges Zv Øviv A¶Ø‡qi LwÊZ Ask؇qi mgwó 15 ; †iLvwUi
mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
3. GKwU mij‡iLv (6,–1) we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges Zvi A¶ `ywUi LwÊZvs‡ki ¸Ydj 1 ; †iLvwUi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki|
4. †`LvI †h, x– 2y + 5 = 0 ‡iLvwU Øviv (–3, 6) we›`y n‡Z x – 2y – 5 = 0 ‡iLvi Dci Aw¼Z mKj
†iLvskB mgw`LwÊZ nq|
5. †`LvI †h, x – 2y + 5 = 0 ‡iLvwU (–3, 3) we›`y n‡Z x – 2y – 5 = 0 ‡iLvi Dci Aw¼Z mKj mij †iLv‡K
mgw`LwÊZ K‡i|

Group-5

1. Ges mgxKiYØq GKB †iLv wb‡`©k Ki‡j P Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|

2. y + 2 = 0 Ges GKB †iLvi mgxKiY n‡j I P Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
3. 3x + 3y = 21 Ges 2ax – 3by + 6 = 0 mgxKiYØq GKB †iLv wb‡`©k Ki‡j a I b Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|

Group-6

1. 2y + x –5 = 0, y + 2x – 7 = 0 Ges x – y + 1 = 0 †iLv؇qi mgš^‡q MwVZ wÎf~‡Ri †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|

2. GKwU wÎf~‡Ri evny¸‡jvi mgxKiY x – y + 2 = 0, x + 2y – 4 = 0 Ges 2x – y – 3 = 0 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h
wÎf~RwU
mg‡KvYx| wÎf~RwUi †¶dj wbY©q Ki|

3. ‡`LvI †h, y = mx,y = m1x Ges y = b ‡iLv wZbwU †h wÎf~R MVb K‡i Zvi †¶Îdj

4. ABC wÎf~‡Ri kxl©we›`y A (1,1), B(3,4) Ges C (5,–2) AB I AC Gi ga¨ we›`yi ms‡hvM †iLvi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki| †`LvI †h, Zv BC †iLvi mgvš—ivj|
5. (2, 4), (–4,–6), (6,–8) we›`yÎq Øviv Drcbœ wÎf~‡Ri ga¨gv¸‡jvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

Group-7

1. g~j we›`y Ges x + 3y – 12 = 0 †iLv Øviv A¶Ø‡qi ga¨eZ©x LwÊZ As‡ki wÎLÊK we›`y `yBwUi
ms‡hvM †iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
2. GKwU mij‡iLv (1,2) I (3,4) we›`yØqMvgx Ges (x, y ) we›`ywU Zvi Dci Aew¯’Z n‡j, †`LvI †h, x – y
+ 1 = 0.
3. 3x + by + 1= 0 Ges ax + 6y + 1= 0 ‡iLv `yBwU (5,4) we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i ; a I b Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| hw`
cÖ_g †iLvwU x -A¶‡K A we›`y‡Z Ges wØZxq †iLvwU y- A¶‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i, AB mij‡iLvi
mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
4. x – 4 = 0, y – 5 = 0, x + 3 = 0, y + 2 = 0 mgxKiYMywj GKwU PZz©f~‡R©i PviwU evû wb‡`©k K‡i|
PZz©f~‡R©i KY© `ywUi
mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
5. A(h,k) we›`ywU 6x – y = ‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z Ges B(k,h) we›`ywU 2x – 5y = 5 ‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z| AB
‡iLvi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki|
6.5x + 4y – 2 = 0 mij‡iLvi A¶ `yyyyywUi ga¨eZ©x LwÊZ Ask‡K mgvb wZbfv‡M fvM K‡i Giƒc we›`y
`ywUi mv‡_ g~j we›`yi
ms‡hvRRK †iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

Awae„Ët

1| GKwU mge„Ëf~wgK †KvY (Right circular cone) - †K Gi Drc`K †iLvi mv‡_ bZ (k©xl we›`yMvgx
bq) †Kvb mgZj mge„Ëf~wgK †KvY؇qi Dfq Ask‡K‡Q` Ki‡j GKwU Awae„Ë (Hyperbola) cvIqv hvq|
A_©vr †Q`Kvix mgZjwU Nywiqv hw` Dfq †KvY‡K †Q` K‡i A_ev †Q`Kvix mgZjwU †Kv‡Yi A‡¶i
mwnZ mgvš—ivj n‡qv †KvY‡K †Q` K‡i , ZLb †h eµ‡iLv Drcbœ nq , Zv‡K Awae„Ë ejv nq|

2| msÁv (Defination) t KwY‡Ki Dr†Kw›`ªKZv (Eccentricity)Ô eÕ Gi gvb 1 A‡c¶v eo n‡j Zv‡K

Awae„Ë ev Hyperbola e‡j|
A_ev, †Kvb mgZ‡j GK‡mU we›`y hw` Ggbfv‡e Aew¯’Z nq †h, †Kvb wbw`©ó we›`y n‡Z †mUfy³
†Kvb we›`yi `~iZ¡ Ges †Kvb wbw`©ó
mij‡iLv n‡Z H †mU f~³ mswkó we›`y j¤^ `~i‡Z¡i AbycvZ me©`v 1 (One) A‡c¶v eo GKwU aª“eK nq,
Zvn‡j we›`yi H wbw`©ó †mU‡K Awae„Ë (Hyperbola) e‡j|

cÖ‡qvRbxq m~Îvejx t
Awae„‡Ëi AvKvi 

Dcv`v‡bi bvg 
‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK (0,0) (0,0)
Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK (±ae,0) (0,±be)
kxl©we›`yi ¯’vbvsK (±a,0) (0,±b)
w`Kv‡¶i cv`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK
( ) ( )
w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY

Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨

Dr†Kw›`ªKZv

cÖavb ev Avo A‡¶i ˆ`N©¨ 2a 2b

AbyeÜx A‡¶i ˆ`N©¨ 2b 2a
cÖavb ev Avo A‡¶i mgxKiY y=0 x=0
AbyeÜx A‡¶i mgxKiY x=0 y=0
bvwf we›`y؇qi ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ 2ae 2be

Group-1
1. Awae„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª , kxl©we›`y , Dr†Kw›`ªKZv , Dc‡K›`ª Ges A¶ `yBwUi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
(i)

(ii) 9x2 – 16y2 – 18x – 64y – 199 = 0

(iii)

2. Awae„‡Ëi Dc‡K›`ªi ¯’vbvsK Ges Dr†Kw›`ªKZv wbY©q Ki|

3. x2 – 3y2 – 28 = 8 Awae„‡Ëi A‡¶i ‰`N©¨ Ges Dr†Kw›`ªK Ges †K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|

Group-2
1. Ggb GKwU Awae„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi Dc‡K‡›`ª (1,–8), Dr†Kw›`ªKZv Ges w`Kv¶ 3x –
4y = 10
2. GKwU Awae„Ë (6,4) I(–3,1) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg K‡i| Gi †K›`ª g~j we›`y‡ZGes Avo A¶ x- A¶ eivei
n‡j , Awae„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
3. Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK (2,2) , Dr †Kw›`ªK Zv 2 Ges w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY x + y = 9 n‡j , Awae„‡Ëi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki|
4. ‡h Awae„‡Ëi wbqvgK 2x + y = 1, Dc‡K‡›`ª (1,1) Ges Dr†Kw›`ªKZv Zvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

Group-3
1. Awae„‡Ëi A¶ `BwU‡K ¯’vbv‡¼i A¶ a‡i Ggb GKwU Awae„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi AbyeÜx
A‡¶i ˆ`N©¨ 24 Ges Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK (0,±13).
2. Awae„‡Ëi A¶ `yBwU‡K ¯’vbvs‡Ki A¶ a‡i Ggb GKwU Awae„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi †K‡›`ª
g~jwe›`y , GKwU Dc‡K›`ª (4,0)Ges
GKwU kxl© (3,0)
3. GKwU Awae„‡Ëi Dc‡K›`ª `BwUi `~iZ¡ 16 Ges Dr†Kw›`ªKZv Ges Gi A¶ `yBwU ¯’vbvs‡Ki A¶
eivei| Awae„‡Ëi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki|
4. Ggb GKwU Awae„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi Avo A¶ y- A¶ eivei Ges AbyeÜx A¶ x- A¶ eivei Ges
hvi kxl© we›`y `BwUi
`~iZ¡ 2 Ges Dr†Kw›`ªKZv .

5. Awae„‡Ëi Dc‡K›`ª `yBwUi ¯’vbvsK I w`Kv¶ `yBwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

Chapter-iv A
1. KwY‡Ki msÁv (Definition of Conic)t hw` †Kvb mgZ‡j GKwU we›`y Ggbfv‡e P‡j †hb
mgZj¯’ GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y I GKwU wbw`©ó mij‡iLv n‡Z D³ we›`yi `~i‡Z¡i AbycvZ me©`v GKwU
aª“eK (Constant) nq, Z‡e Pjgvb we›`i mÂvic_‡K KwYK e‡j| wbw`©ó we›`ywU‡K Dc‡K›`ª (Focus)
e‡j Ges wbw`©ó mij‡iLvwU‡K w`Kv¶ (Directrix) e‡j| Abycv‡Zi aª“eK ivwkwU‡K Dr†w›`ªKZv
(Eccentricity) e‡j I Dnv‡K Ôe’ Øviv m~wPZ Kiv nq| A_©vr P(x,y) hw` Pjgvb hw` Pjgvb we›`y ,S
w¯’iwe›`y Ges w¯’i mij‡iLv MZM` w`Kv¶ nq Zvn‡j Pjgvb we›`yi †mU {(x,y): (aª“eK)}
Øviv AswKZ mÂvic_B n‡e KwYK| GLb e Gi wewfbœ gv‡bi Rb¨ Pjgvb we›`ywUi mÂvic_ wewfbœ
ai‡bi
n‡q _v‡K|
(i) e = 1 n‡j, Pjgvb we›`yi mÂvic_ n‡e cive„Ë (Parabola)
(ii) e<1 n‡j, Pjgvb we›`yi mÂic_ n‡e Dce„Ë (Ellipes)
(iii) e>1 n‡j, Pjgvb we›`yi mÂvic_ n‡e Awae„Ë (Hyperbola)

cive„Ë (Parabola)
GKwU mge„&Ëf~wgK †KvY (Right circular cone) - †K Gi DrcbœKvix †iLvi mgvš—i‡j mgZj Øviv
†KvY‡K †Q` Ki‡j GKwU cive„Ë (Parabola) cIqv hvq|
2. cive„‡Ëi KwZcq mÁv (Some difination of parabola)t
A¶‡iLv (Axis)t Dc‡K‡›`ªi ga¨w`‡q w`Kv‡¶i Dci AswKZ †iLvwU‡K cive„‡Ëi A¶‡iLv() ejv nq|
 A¶‡iLvi mgxKiY y
=0
kxl©we›`y (Vertx)t Dc‡K‡›`ªi ga¨w`‡q w`Kv‡¶i Dci AswKZ †iLvwU cive„‡Ëi †h we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i
Zv‡K kxl©we›`y e‡j|
kxl©we›`yi
¯’vbvsKA(0,0)
Dc‡Kw›`ªK `~iZ¡ (Focal Chord)t Dc‡K‡›`ª ‡_‡K cive„‡Ëi †h †Kvb we›`yi `~iZ¡‡K Dc‡Kw›`ªK
`~iKZ¡ e‡j|
Dc‡Kw›`ªK R¨v (Focal Chord)t Dc‡K›`ª †_‡K cive„‡Ëi †h R¨v cive„‡Ëi Dc‡K›`ª w`‡q Mgb
K‡i Zv‡K Dc‡Kw›`ªK R¨v e‡j|
Dc‡Kw›`ªK j¤^ (Latus Rectum) t Dc‡K‡›`ªi ga¨w`‡q AswKZ R¨v A‡¶i Dci j¤^ n‡j Zv‡K
cive„‡Ëi Dc‡Kw›`ªK j¤^ e‡j|
Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i
‰`N©¨ = 4a
2
3. cive„‡Ëi Av`©k mgxKiY y = 4ax
A_ev, x2 = 4ay

4.6 cÖ‡qvRbxq m~~Îvejx t

cive„‡Ëi Dcv`v‡bi bvg y2 = 4ax AvKv‡ii cive„Ë x2 = 4ay AvKv‡ii cive„Ë
(i) kxl©we›`yi ¯’vbvsK (0,0) (0,0)
(ii) Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK (a,0) (0,a)
(iii) Dc‡Kw›``ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ 4a  4a 
(iv) Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i mgxKiY x a = 0 y a = 0
(v) A‡¶i mgxKiY y=0 x=0
(vi) w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY x+a=0 y+a=0
(vii) Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ab w`‡Ki (a, 2a) (2a,a)
cÖvš—we›`y
(viii) Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i FY w`‡Ki a, 2a) (2a,a)
cÖvš—we›`y
cive„‡Ëi wewfbœ AvK…wZ t

(4.7) cive„‡ËÍ wewfbœ AvK…wZ (Differnt froms of parabola) t

(i) ¯’bvs‡Ki A¶ mv‡c‡¶ Ae¯’vb †f‡`cive„‡Ëi AvK…wZ Pvi cÖKvi| †hgb awi y2 = 4ax.(a  0)
hw` x  0 Z‡e y Gi gvb KvíwbK msL¨v n‡e AZGe cvive„ËwUi †Kvb Ask A Gi evg w`‡K
Ae¯’vb K‡ibv| Avevi y2 = 4ax mgxKi‡Y y Gi cwie‡Z© (y) ¯’vcb Ki‡j mgxKiYwUi †Kvb
cwie©Zb nqbv| myZivs GwU x-A‡¶i mv‡c‡¶ cÖwZmg (Symmetrical about x- axis).
cive„ËwU x- A‡¶i abvZœK w`‡K Gi cÖwZmgiƒ‡c Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| Gi Dc‡K›`ª S (a,0),
w`Kv¶ x = a Ges A¶ †iLv y = 0.
(ii) awi, y2 = 4ax (a0). GLv‡b y KvíwbK msL¨v n‡e hw` x abvZœK nq| AZGe cive„ËwU
y A‡¶i evg w`‡K x-A‡¶i cÖwZmgiƒ‡c e¯’vb Ki‡e| Gi Dc‡K›`ªª S(a,0) w`Kv¶ x =a.
(iii) Abyiƒ‡c x2 = 4ay Gi Rb¨ (iv) Abyiƒ‡c x2 = 4ay

Group-1
1. wb‡Pi cive„‡Ëi kxl©we›`y, Dc‡K›`ª, Dc‡Kw›`ªK j¤^, A¶‡iLv Ges w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
(i) (y 1)2 = 4(x  2)
(ii) 3y2  10x  12y 18 = 0
(iii) y2 = 4y + 4x  16
(iv) y2 + 8x  2y  23 = 0
(v) x2 + 2y  8x + 7 = 0
(vi) y2 = 4y + 4x  8
(vii) (x  4)2 =  4 (y  5)
(viii) 5x2 + 30x + 2y + 59 = 0.
(ix) x2 + 4x + 2y = 0.
(x) 5x2 + 15x  10y  4 = 0.
(xi) x2 = 4 (1  y)
(xii) y2 = 2 (x + 3)
(xiii) y2 = 4 (x  2).

Group-2
1. y2 = 4px cive„ËwU (3,  2) we›`y w`‡q Mgb Ki‡j Gi Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ Ges Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK
wbY©q Ki|
2. y2 = 16x cive„‡Ëi Dcwiw¯’Z †Kvb we›`yi Dc‡Kw›`ªK `~iZ¡ 6 ; H we›`yi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|
3. y2 = 9x cive„‡Ëi Dcwiw¯’Z P we›`yi †KvwU n‡j H we›`yi Dc‡Kw›`K `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
4. y2 = 8x cive„‡Ëi Dcwiw¯’Z †Kvb we›`yi Dc‡Kw›`ªK `~iZ¡ 8 ; H we›`yi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|
Group-3
1. GKwU cive„‡Ëi Dc‡K›`ª‡K g~jwe›`y Ges 2x + y  1 = 0 †iLv‡K w`Kv¶ a‡i cive„ËwUi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki| cive„‡Ëi A‡¶i mgxKiY I †ei Ki|
(i) ( 8, 2) Dc‡K›`ª Ges 2x  y  9 = 0 w`Kv¶ wewkó cvive„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©h Ki|
(ii) (1,1) Dc‡K›`ª I 3x + 4y = 1 w`Kv¶ wewkó cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| Zvi A‡¶iI mgxKiY ‡ei Ki|
2. cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi (i) Dc‡K›`ª (2,0) Ges w`Kv¶ x + 2 = 0; (ii) Dc‡K›`ª (0,4) Ges
w`Kv¶ y  4 =0
3. Gi~c cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki, hvi kxl© (2,3) we›`y Ges w`Kv¶ y = 6; Gi Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i
ˆ`N¨© I wbY©q Ki|
4. xy +2 = 0 mij‡iLvwU †Kvb cive„‡Ëi kxl©we›`y‡Z Zvi A‡¶i Dci j¤^ Ges Dc‡K›`ª (1,1) we›`y‡Z
Aew¯’Z| cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
5. Gi~c GKwU cive„‡Ëi mgxKiYwbY©q Ki hvi kxl© (3,1) we›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z Ge© hvi w`Kv‡¶i
mgxKiY 4x + 3y  5 = 0
6. GKwU cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi Dc‡K›`ª (1, 3) Ges kxl© (4,3) we›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z

Group-4
1. (3,4) Dc‡K›`ª I (0,0) kxl©wewkó cive„‡Ëi w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
2. (1,1) Dc‡K›`ª Ges x + y + 1 = 0 w`Kv¶wewkó cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| cive„‡Ëi A‡¶i mgxKiY
Ges Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ I Gi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
3. (1,1) Dc‡K›`ª Ges (2, 3) kxl© we›`y wewkó cve„ËwUi A¶ I w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

Group-5
1. GKwU cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi kxl©we›`y (0, 2), A¶‡iLv y - A‡¶i mgvš—ivj Ges hv (2, 5)
we›`y w`‡q AwZµg K‡i|
2. GKwU cve„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi kxl© (4,3) we›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z Ges w`Kv¶ x- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj
Ges hv ( 4, 7) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg K‡i|
3. y = ax2 + bx + c cive„ËwU kxl© (2,3) we›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z Ges GKwU (0,5) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg K‡i
a,b,c Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
4. GKwU cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi kxl©we›`y (4,3) we›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z , Dc‡Kw›`K j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨
4 Ges A¶wU x A‡¶i mgvš—ivj

cÖkœgvjv -I B
wefw³KiY m~Î t
(i) Aš—©wef³ t
m1t m2
A(x1,y1) C B(x2,y2)

Ap t pB = m1 t m2
C we›`y – A(x1,y1) I B(x2,y2) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvM †iLv‡K m1 : m2 Abycv‡Z Aš—©wef³ Ki‡j ¯’vbvsK

(ii) ewn©wef³t m1: m2

C
C we›`y AB ‡iLv‡K m1:m2 Abycv‡Z ewn©wef³ Ki‡j

(ii) ga¨we›`y wbY©q Kit AB Gi ga¨we›`y C n‡j, C Gi ¯’vbvsK =

m:m

wÎf~‡Ri fi‡K›`ªt

fi‡K›`ª G Gi ¯’vbvsK =
mgwPÎ LwÛZbt

P Q

wP‡Î P I Q `ywU we›`y AB ‡iLvi wÎLÊb we›`y n‡j P we›`y AB ‡K 1:2 Abycv‡Z Aš—©wef³ K‡i|
Ges Q we›`y AB †K 2:1 Abycv‡Z Aš—©wef³ K‡i|

PZ©LÊK we›`yt 1:3 ga¨we›`y 3:1

A P Q R B

Group-1
1. (2,3) I (9,10) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK †iLv‡K ‡h we›`ywU 1: 2 Abycv‡Z Aš—we©f³ K‡i Zvi ¯’vbvsK
wbY©q Ki|
2. GKwU we›`yi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki hv A (4, 3) Ges B(1, 2) we›`y `yBwUi ms‡hvRK †iLv‡K 2:3
Abycv‡Z Aš—we©f³ K‡i|
3. P (1, 1) Ges Q (8,6) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvM †iLvsk‡K †h we›`ywU 3:4 Abycv‡Z Aš—we©f³ K‡i Zvi
¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|
4. P (3, 4) Ges Q (5,9) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvM †iLv‡K †h we›`ywU 2:3 Abycv‡Z ewntwe©f³ K‡i Zvi
¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|
5. A, B, C, D Gi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g (3,1), (1,0), (5,1) Ges (10, 4) ‡`LvI †h, CD, AB ‡K ewnt¯’fv‡e 2:1
Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i| †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|
6. A (7,5) I B(2, 1) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK mij †iLv‡K †h we›`y¸wj mgwÎLwÊZ K‡i Zv‡`i ¯’vbvsK
wbY©q Ki|
7. A (1, 3) I B (6,7) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvM †iLv‡K C (2,1) we›`ywU †h Abycv‡Z Aš—twe©f³ K‡i Zv
wbY©q Ki|
8. P (2,3) Ges Q (5,6) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK †iLv R(7,8) we›`y‡Z †h Abyc‡Z ewnt¯’fv‡e wef³ nq Zvi
AbycvZ wbY©q Ki|
9.C (7, 8) we›`ywU A (3, 2) I B(3,7) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvM †iLv‡K †h Abycv‡Z ewnwe©f³ K‡i Zv
wbY©q Ki|
10.A I B we›`y `yBwUi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g (2,4) I (45). AB ‡iLv‡K C ch©š— Ggbfv‡e ewa©Z Kiv nj
†hb AB = 3BC nq| C we›`yi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|

Group-2
1.(7,7) Ges (5, 10) we›`y `ywUi ms‡hvM †iLv‡K x A¶‡iLv †h Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i Zv wbY©q Ki|
wefvRb we›`yi fyR †ei Ki|

Group-3
1. cÖgvY Ki †h, (2, 2) I (1, 4) we›`yi ms‡hvM †iLv‡K A¶‡iLv `yBwU mgvb wZb fv‡M wef³ K‡i|
2. PQ mij‡iLvwU‡K A (3,3) Ges B (8.5) we›`y `yBwU Øviv mgwÎLwÛZ n‡j P I Q we›`yi ¯’vbvsK
wbY©q Ki|
3. P (6,8) I Q (8, 6) we›`yi ms‡hvM †iLv‡K mgvb Pvifv‡M wef³ Kiv nq| fvM we›`y¸‡jvi ¯’vbvsK
wbY©q Ki|
4. †`LvI †h, g~jwe›`y (3, 2) I (6,4) we›`y `BwUi ms‡hvM †iLvi GKwU wÎLÛK we›`y| Aci mgwÎLÛb
we›`yi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|

Group-4
1. (7,7) I (5, 10) we›`y `yBwUi ms‡hvM †iLv‡K x -A¶ †iLv †h Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i Zv †ei Ki; wefvRb
we›`ywUi f~R †ei Ki|
2. (2, 4) I (3, 6) we›`y `yBwUi ms‡hvM †iLv‡K x - A¶ Ges y- A¶‡iLv †h Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i Zv
wbY©q Ki|
3.A B we›`y `BwUi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g (2,4) Ges (4, 5), AB ‡iLv C we›`y ch©š— ewa©Z Kiv nj †hb
AB = 3BC . C we›`yi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|
Group-5
1. (1,1), (1,1), ( ) we›`y wZbwU GKwU mgeû wÎf‡Ri kxl©we›`y| wÎf~RwUi fi‡K‡›`ªi
¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|
2. GKwU wÎf~‡Ri `yBwU kxl©we›`y h_vµ‡g (2,7) Ges (6,1) Ges Gi fi‡K›`ª (6,4); Z…Zxq kxl©we›`y
wbY©q Ki |
3. ABC wÎf~‡Ri BC ,CA, AB evû¸‡jvi ga¨ we›`yi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g (2,4), 5,0), (4, 2); kxl©we›`y
A,B,C- Gi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|
4.ABC wÎf~‡Ri kxl©we›`yi ¯’vbvsK A (5,6) ,B (3,2) ,C (8, 5) Ges D we›`y BC Gi ga¨ we›`y ; G
we›`y AD ‡iLv‡K Gi~cfv‡e Aš—©wef³ Ki †hb AG :GD = 2:1 nq| G Gi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|
5.A (8,10), B (18,20) we›`yi ms‡hvM †iLv‡K Q Ges R we›`y `yBwU 2:3 Abycv‡Z h_vµ‡g Aš—©wef³ I
ewnwef©³ K‡i| Q Ges R Gi ¯’vbvsK wYY©q Ki| Ges P we›`y AB - Gi ga¨ we›`y n‡j †`LvI †h, PQ.PR =
PB2 |

Group-6
1. ABCD Avq‡Zi wZbwU kxl©we›`yi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g A (3,2), B (2, 1) C (8,3) Gi PZz_© kxl©we›`y
D Gi ¯’vbvsK Ges AvqZwUi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
2. hw` A (2,5), B (5,9) Ges D (6,8) we›`y wZbwU ABC i¤^‡mi kxl©we›`y nq, Zvn‡j PZz_© kxl©we›`y
C Gi ¯’vbvsK Ges i¤^mwUi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
3. †Kvb mvgš—wi‡Ki GKwU K‡Y©i cÖvš— we›`y `yBwUi ¯’vbvsK (3, 4) Ges (6,5) Gi Z…Zxq
kxl©we›`y (2, 1) n‡j, PZz_© kxl©we›`yi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|
 Dce„Ë (Ellipse)

GKwU mge„Ëf~wgK †KvY (Right circular cone) - †K Gi DrcbœKvix †iLvi mv‡_ bZ (kxl© we›`yMvgx
bq) Giƒc mgZj Øviv †Q` Ki‡j GKwU Dce„Ë (Ellipse) cvIqv hvq|

4.8 msÁv (Definition) t KwY‡Ki Dr †Kw›`ªKZv(Eccentricity) ÔeÕ Gi gvb 1 A‡c¶v †QvU n‡j Zv‡K
Dce„Ë ev Ellipsee‡j|
A_ev, †Kvb mgZ‡j GK‡mU we›`y hw` Ggbfv‡e Aew¯’Z nq †h, †Kvb wbw`©ó we›`y n‡Z †mUfy³
†Kvb we›`yi `~iZ¡ Ges †Kvb wbw`©ó mij‡iLv n‡Z H †mU f~³ mswkó we›`yi j¤^ `~i‡Z¡i AbycvZ
me©`v 1 (One) A‡c¶v †QvU GKwU aª“eK nq, Zvn‡j we›`yi H wbw`©ó †mU‡K Dce„Ë (Ellpse) e‡j|

cÖ‡qvRbxq m~Îvejx t
Awae„‡Ëi AvKvi 

Dcv`v‡bi bvg 
‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK (0,0) (0,0)
Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK (±ae,0) (0,±be)
kxl©we›`yi ¯’vbvsK (±a,0) (0,±b)
w`Kv‡¶i cv`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK
( ) ( )
w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY

Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨

Dr†Kw›`ªKZv

cÖavb ev Avo A‡¶i ˆ`N©¨ 2a 2b

AbyeÜx A‡¶i ˆ`N©¨ 2b 2a
cÖavb ev Avo A‡¶i mgxKiY y=0 x=0
AbyeÜx A‡¶i mgxKiY x=0 y=0
bvwf we›`y؇qi ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ 2ae 2be

Group -1
wbgœwjwLZ Dce„˸wji Dr†Kw›`ªKZv, Dc‡K›`ªØq, Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ I mgxKiY Ges wØKv‡¶i
mgxKiY wbY©q Kit
1. 4x2 + 9y2 = 36
2. 3x2 + 4y2 = 12
3.
4. 16x2 + 25y2 = 400
5. 25x2 + 16y2 = 400
6. 9x2 + 16y2 = 144
7.

8. 4x2 +5y2 16x + 10y + 1 = 0

9. 5x2 + 4y2 = 1
10. 2x2 + 3y21 = 0
Group -2
1. P Gi gvb px2 + 4y2 = 1 Dce„ËwU (1,0) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg Ki‡e? Dce„ËwUi Dr†Kw›`ªKZv Ges
A¶Ø‡qi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
2. P Gi gvb KZ n‡j , 4x2 + py2 = 80 Dce„ËwU (0,4) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg Ki‡e? Dce„ËwUi A¶ `yBwUi
ˆ`N¨© I Dr†Kw›`ªKZv wbY©q Ki|

3. P Gi gvb KZ n‡j, n‡j Dce„ËwU (6,4) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg Ki‡j, Dce„ËwUi Dr†Kw›`ªKZv

I Dc‡K‡›`ªi Ae¯’vb wbY©q Ki|

Group -3

1.Dce„‡Ëi cÖavb A¶Øq‡K x I y A¶ we‡ePbv K‡i kZ©g‡Z Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki, hvi
Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv = Ges Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ = 10
2. Dce„‡Ëi cÖavb A¶Øq‡K x I y A¶ we‡ePbv K‡i kZ©g‡Z Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki , hvi
Dr†Kw›`ªKZv = Ges Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N¨© = 2
3. Dce„‡Ëi cÖavb A¶Øq‡K x I y A¶ we‡ePbv K‡i kZ©g‡Z Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki , hvi
Dr†Kw›`ªKZv = Ges Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N¨© = 5

4. Dce„‡Ëi cÖavb A¶Øq‡K x I y A¶ we‡ePbv K‡i kZ©g‡Z Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki , hvi
Dr†Kw›`ªKZv = Ges Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N¨© = 7

5. Dce„‡Ëi cÖavb A¶Øq‡K x I y A¶ we‡ePbv K‡i kZ©g‡Z Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki, hvi
Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv = Ges Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK ( ); G‡¶‡Î wbqvg‡Ki mgxKiYI wbY©q Ki|
6. Dce„‡Ëi cÖavb A¶Øq‡K x I y A¶ we‡ePbv K‡i kZ©g‡Z Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki, hvi
Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv = Ges Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK ( ); G‡¶‡Î wbqvg‡Ki mgxKiYI wbY©q Ki|
7. Dce„‡Ëi cÖavb A¶Øq‡K x I y A¶ we‡ePbv K‡i kZ©g‡Z Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki, hvi
Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv = Ges Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK ( ); G‡¶‡Î wbqvg‡Ki mgxKiYI wbY©q Ki|
8. Dce„‡Ëi cÖavb A¶Øq‡K x I y A¶ we‡ePbv K‡i kZ©g‡Z Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki, hvi
Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv = Ges Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK ( ); G‡¶‡Î wbqvg‡Ki mgxKiYI wbY©q Ki|
9. Dce„‡Ëi cÖavb A¶Øq‡K x I y A¶ we‡ePbv K‡i kZ©g‡Z Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki, hvi
Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv = Ges Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK ( ); G‡¶‡Î wbqvg‡Ki mgxKiYI wbY©q Ki|
10. 5x2 +4y2 = 1Dce„‡Ëi w`Kv¶ mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
11. Dce„‡Ëi cÖavb A¶Øq‡K x I y A¶ we‡ePbv K‡i kZ©g‡Z Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki, hvi
Dc‡K›`ªØq ( ) Ges e„nr A¶ = 8 GKK|
12. Dce„‡Ëi e„nr I ¶z`ª A¶ `yBwU‡K h_vµ‡g x I y A¶ a‡i Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi Dc‡K›`ª
`yBwUi ga¨Kvi `~i‡Z¡i 8 Ges w`Kv¶ `yBwU ga¨Kvi `~iZ¡ 18.
13. Dr†Kw›`ªKZv wewkó I we›`y w`‡q AwZµgKvix Dce„‡Ëi A¶ `yBwU ¯’vbvs‡Ki A¶
`yBwUi Dci Aew¯’Z| Dce„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
14. ¯’vbvs‡Ki A¶Øq‡K Dce„‡Ëi A¶ a‡i AswKZ †h Dce„ËwU (2,4) Ges ( )we›`yØq w`‡q hvq Zvi
mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

Group -4
1. Dce„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©h Kit
(i) hvi Dc‡K›`ª (3,4) , w`Kv¶ x + y 2 = 0 Ges Dr†Kw›`ªKZv

(ii) hvi Dc‡K›`ª (2,3), w`Kv¶ x  y + 7 = 0 Ges Dr†Kw›`ªKZv .

(iii) hvi Dc‡K›`ª ( 1,1) , Dr†Kw›`ªKZv Ges w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY x  y + 3 = 0

2.GKwU Dce„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK (0,2), Dr†Kw›`ªKZv Ges w`Kv‡¶i
mgxKiY y + 4 = 0; Zvi Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨I wbY©q Ki|
3. GKwU Dce„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi Dc‡K›`ª `yBwUi ¯’vbvsK (3,  1), (1,  1) Ges e„nr A¶ =
.

4. GKwU Dce„‡Ëi A¶ `yBwU , ¯’vbv‡¼i A¶ `yBwUi Dci Aew¯’Z| Dce„ËwU ‡iLv‡K x -

A‡¶i Dci Ges †iLv‡K y - A‡¶i Dci †Q` K‡i Zvi mgxKiY , Dr†Kw›`ªKZv Ges Dc‡K›`ª
`yBwUi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki|
5.GKwU Dce„‡Ëi A¶ `yBwU ¯’vbvs‡Ki A¶ `yBwUi Dci Aew¯’Z| Dce„ËwU †iLv‡K x -A‡¶i

Dci Ges †iLv‡K y - A‡¶i Dci †Q` K‡i| Zvi mgxKiY, Dr†Kw›`ªKZv Ges Dc‡K›`ª `yBwUi
Ae¯’vb wbY©q Ki|
6. GKwU Dce„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi Dc‡K›`ª (1, 1) w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY x  y + 2 = 0 Ges
Dr†Kw›`ªKZv , Gi Dc‡Kw›`ªK j¤^I wbY©q Ki|

7.cÖgvY Ki †h, y = x  5 mij‡iLvwU 9x2 +16 y2 = 144 Dce„ˇK ¯úk© K‡i| ¯úk© we›`ªi ¯’vbvsK
wbY©q Ki|
8. ‡Kvb Dce„‡Ëi Dr†Kw›`ªKZv k~b¨ n‡j †`LvI †h, Zv e„‡Ë ce©wmZ n‡e|
Group -5
1. ‡Kvb Dce„‡Ëi Dr†Kw›`ªKZv k~b¨ n‡j, †`LvI †h, Dce„ËwU e„‡Ë ch©ewmZ n‡e|
2. Dce„‡Ëi Dc‡K›`ª `yBwU wbY©q Ki|
3. 5 x2 + 4 y2 = 1 Dce„‡Ëi w`Kv¶ `yBwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
 cÖkœgvjv-IC
¯’vbvsK
1.7 wÎf~‡Ri †¶Îdj (Area of Triangle) t Nwoi KuvUvi N~Y©‡bi wecixZ w`‡K we›`yÎq wb‡q wÎf~‡Ri
†¶Îdj t
g‡b Kwi , ABC GKwU wÎf~R hvi kxl©we›`y¸‡jvi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g
A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) Ges C (x3, y3)|
A, B, C we›`y n‡Z OX Gi Dci h_vµ‡g AL, BN, CM j¤^ Uvwb|
myZivs, OL = x1, OM = x3, ON = x2
AL = y1, BN = y2 CM = y3
 ML = OM OL = x3  x1
MN = ON  OM = x2  x3
LN = ON  OL = x2  x1
Zvn‡j, ABC wÎf~‡Ri †¶Îdj,  = UªvwcwRqvg ALMC Gi
†¶Îdj + UªvwcwRqvgCMNB Gi †¶Îdj - UªvwcwRqvg ALNB Gi †¶Îdj|

 UªvwcwRqv‡gi †¶Îdj = (UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvš—ivj evû `yBwUi †¶Îdj)(mgvš—ivj evû `yBwUi

ga¨eZ©x j¤^ `~iZ¡)
 = (AL + CM) LM + (CM + NB) MN  (AL + NB) LN

= {(y1 + y3) (x3  x1) + (y3 +y2) (x2  x3)  (y1 + y2) (x2  x1

= {x3(y1 +y3)  x1(y1 +y3) +x2(y3 + y2)  x3(y3 +y2)  x2(y1 + y2) +x1(y1+ y2)}

= {x1(y1 + y2y1  y3) + x2(y3 + y2  y1  y2) + x3(y1 +y3  y3  y2)}

= {x1(y2  y3) x2(y3  y1) + x3 (y1  y2)}

wbY©vq‡Ki (Determinant) gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki‡j cvB,

x1 y1 1
 = x2 y2 1

x3 y3 1

A_ev, 2
x1 y1 x1 y1 x2 y2
 +
x2 y2 x3 y3 x3 y3

we‡kl `ªóe¨t Nwoi KvuUvi N~Y©b‡i w`‡K A(x1,y1), B(x2,y2), C (x3,y3) we›`y¸‡jv wb‡q †¶Îdj wbY©q
Ki‡j †¶Îd‡ji cig gv‡bi †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡ebv| wKšZy gvb FYvZœK n‡j G‡¶‡Î †¶Îdj , n‡j  =   n‡e|
myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q ‡h, wÎf~‡R †KŠwYK we›`y wZbwUi N~Y©‡bi Dci wÎf~RwUi †¶Îd‡ji wPý
wbf©ikxj| A‡bK mgq wÎf~‡Ri we›`y¸‡jvi N~Y©b eyS‡Z cviv hvq bv, ZLb cig gvb w`‡Z nq|
A_©vr ABC wÎfy‡Ri †¶Îdj = wbðvqK 
wbðvq‡Ki e¨envi t A, B, C, Gi ¯’vb&sK (x1,y1), (x2,y2) I (x3, y3)
A, B, C Gi wbðvqK ABC = (x1 x2) (y2 y3)  (y1  y2) (x2  x3)
 x1 y1 1

A_v©r ABC x2 y2 1

x3 y3 1

(i) ABC = A, B, C we›`yÎq mg‡iL n‡e|

(ii) ABC 0 n‡j A, B, C we›`yÎq Amg‡iL Ges  ABC =  ABC |
(iii) ABC > 0 n‡j A, B, C we›`yÎq abvZœK µ‡g Aew¯’Z|
(iv) ABC < 0 n‡j A, B, C we›`yÎq FYvZœK µ‡g Aew¯’Z|
1.8. UªvwcwRqv‡gi †¶Îdj (Area of Trapezium) t
ABCD UªvwcwRqv‡gi wPÎ n‡Z cvB AB CD Ges AP  CD.
g‡b Kwi, AP = h
ABCD UªvwcwRqv‡gi ‡¶Îdj
= ACD Gi †¶Îdj + ABD Gi †¶Îdj
=  CD  AP +  AB  AP

=  CD  h + AB  h

= (AB + CD)  h

= (mgvš—ivj evû؇qi mgwó)  (mgvš—ivj evû؇qi ga¨eZ©x j¤^ `~iZ¡)

Group -1
1. `yBwU A¶‡iLv ci¯úi j¤^fv‡e O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i ; A I B Gi abvZœK ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g (x1, y1) I (x2,
y2) †`qv Av‡Q| g~j wbq‡g cÖgvY Ki †h, OAB wÎfy‡Ri †¶Îd‡ji mvsL¨gvb (x1 y2  x2 y1) n‡e|
2. ( 2, 3), ( 3,  4), (5,  1) I (2,2) we›`y PviwU µgvš^‡q wb‡q †h PZzf©yR MwVZ nq Zvi †¶Îdj
wbY©q Ki|
3. GKwU PZzf©y‡Ri kxl© we›`y¸‡jv h_vKª‡g (a,O), ( b,O), (O,  b) ‡`LvI †h, Gi ‡¶Îdj k~b¨| Gi
e¨vL¨v `vI|
4. GKwU wÎfyR ABCD- Gi †KŠwYK we›`y A, B, C, D Gi ¯’vbvsK (1,2), (5,6),(7,  4) (k,  2) Zvi
†¶Îdj k~b¨ n‡j ,k- Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
5. ABCD mvgš—wi‡Ki A , B, C kxl© wZbwUi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g (1, 2), (3, 4), (1, 0) n‡j (i) D we›`yi
¯’vbvsK (ii) AC I BD Gi †Q` we›`y Ges (iii) mvgš—wi‡Ki †¶Îdj ‡ei Ki|
6.ABC wÎfy‡Ri kxl© we›`y¸‡jv A ( 3, 2), B( 3, 9), C(5,  8) wÎfy‡Ri †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
Group -2
1. ABC wÎfy‡Ri A,B IC kxl© wZbwUi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g (5,6), (9,1) I (3, 1) wÎfyRwUi †¶Îdj †ei Ki
Ges Gi mvnv‡h¨ A ‡_‡K BC Gi Dci j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
2. OPQ wÎfy‡Ri kxl© we›`y wZbwUi ¯’vbvsK (O,O), ( ) Ges ( ). †`LvI
†h, n‡j, wÎfyRwUi †¶Îd‡ji gvb me‡P‡q eo n‡e Ges me‡P‡q eo gvbwU †ei Ki|
3.cÖgvY Ki †h, (P,P2) ,(P + 3,P) Ges (P +2, P + 2) we›`y¸‡jv Øviv MwVZ wÎfy‡Ri †¶Îdj P ewR©Z
n‡e|
4. ABC wÎfy‡R A, B, C kxl© we›`yi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g (3,5), ( 3, 3), ( 1,  1) Ges D, E, F h_vµ‡g
BC,CA, AB -Gi ga¨ we›`y| ABC, DEF wÎfyR `yBwUi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki Ges ‡`LvI †h, &ABC =
4.DEF |
5.ABC wÎfy‡Ri A,B,C kxl© we›`yi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g (4, 3), (13,0) (2,9) Ges D,E,F we›`y wZbwU
wÎfy‡Ri evû¸‡jvi Dci Ggbfv‡e ¯’vwcZ †hb . ABC I DEF wÎfyR `yBwUi †¶Îdj
wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, Zv‡`i AbycvZ 3:1 n‡e|
6. A, B, C, D we›`y¸‡jvi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g( t  4,  2),(t,t t 3),(2 t + 1,1), (t  3,1) Ges O g~j we›`y|
OAB: OCD- Gi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki Ges GwU †_‡K †`LvI †h, t = 4 n‡j wÎfyR `yBwUi †¶Îd‡ji gvb
mgvb Ges mgwPýwewkó n‡e|
Group -3
1. ABC wÎf~‡Ri A,B,C kxl© wZbwU we›`yi ¯’vbvsK ( 1,2), (2,3) I (3  4); p we›`yi ¯’vbvsK (x, y)
n‡j , †`LvI †h, .
2. hw` GKwU wÎf~‡Ri kxl© we›`y¸‡jv A(x, y), B (1,2) Ges C ,(1, 2) nq Ges Zvi †¶Îdj 6 eM© GKK nq
Z‡e †`LvI †h,
x + y = 15.
3. hw` A,(3,4), B, (2t, 5), C, (6,t) we›`yÎq Øviv Drcbœ †¶Îdj 19 eM© GKK nq Z‡e t- Gi gvb wbY©q
Ki|

Group -4
1. ‡`LvI †h, (1,3), (2,9) ,I (3, 1) we›`y wZbwU GKB mij‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z |
2. a-Gi gvb KZ n‡j (a,2  2a), (1  a,2a) I ( 4  a,6  2a) we›`y wZbwU GKB mij‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z n‡e
?
3. I we›`y wZbwU GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z e‡j, x - Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
4. hw` a + b + c = O nq, Zvn‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, (a2, bc), (b2,ca) I (c2, ab) we›`y wZbwU GKB mij‡iLvq
Aew¯’Z n‡e|
5. GKwU wÎfy‡Ri kxl© we›`yi ¯’vbvsK (t + 1,1,1), (2 t + 1,3), (2 t + 2, 2 t). Zvi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki Ges
†`LvI †h, t = 2 A_ev, t = n‡j, H we›`y¸‡jv mg‡iL n‡e|
6. †Kvb wÎfy‡Ri kxl©we›`y (2,  1), (a + 1,a  3),(a + 2, a) n‡j Zvi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki| a- Gi gvb KZ n‡j
we›`y¸‡jv mg‡iL n‡e?
Group -5
1. A,B,C,D we›`y PviwUi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g (O, 1),(15,2); (1,2) I (4 5,); CD - †K AB-‡iLvwU †h
Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i Zv wbY©q Ki|
2.wÎfy‡Ri kxl©we›`yi ¯’vbvsK (at12,2at1), (at22,2at2), Ges (at32,2at3), hw` Gi fi‡K›`ª x - A‡¶i Dci Aew¯’Z
nq, Zvn‡j †`LvI †h, t1 + t2 + t3 = O
3. ‡`LvI †h, (3,900) Ges (3,300) kxl© wewkó we›`y `yBwU g~j we›`yi m‡½ GKwU mgevû wÎfyR Drcbœ
K‡i| wÎfyRwUi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|

mij†iLv-II C
Basict
(x1,y1) -------
Kv‡RB, (x1,y1) Ges (x2, y2) we›`y `BwU (ax + b + c = 0 mij‡iLvi GKB cv‡k©¦ A_ev, wecixZ cv‡k¦©
_vK‡e hw` Ges †Kej hw` ax1+ by1 + c Ges ax2 + by2 + c ivwk `yBwUi wPý GKB wKsev wecixZ nq|
1. ax +by +c = 0 mij‡iLvi †Kvb cv‡k¦©i †h †Kvb we›`yi ¯’vbvsK (x,y) Gi Rb¨ hw` xa + by + c me©`v
abvZœK nq Z‡e mij‡iLvwUi †mB cvk¦©wU‡K abvZœK cvk¦© Ges Aci cvk¦©wU‡K FbvZœK cvk¦©
ejA nq|
2. mij‡iLvi mgxKi‡Y hw` c abvZœK nq Z‡e (0,0) we›`ywU mij‡iLvwUi avbvZœK cv‡k© Aew¯’Z| Avi
hw` c FbvZœK nq Z‡e (0,0) we›`ywU mij‡iLvwU FbvZœK cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z|
3. †h †Kvb we›`y (x1, y1) Ges g~j we›`y ax +by + c mij‡iLvi GKB A_ev wecixZ cv‡k¦© Ae¯’vb Ki‡e
hw` ax1 +by1 +c Ges c Gi wPý h_vµ‡g GKB wKsev wecixZ nq|
j¤^ `~i‡Z¡i m~Î t (x1, y1) we›`y n‡Z ax + by + c = 0 mij‡iLvi Dci j¤^`~iZ¡ =

mgwØLʇKi m~Î t a1x +b1y + a = 0 I a2x +by2 + c2 =0 mij‡iLv؇qi ga¨eZ©x Aš©—f~³ †Kv‡Yi

mgwØLʇKi mgxKiY

Group -1
1.3x  2y = 1 Ges 6x  4y + 9 = 0 †iLv `yBwUi ga¨eZ©x j¤^ `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
2. hw` g~j we›`y †_‡K x seco  y cosec = k I x cos  y sin = k cos 2 ‡iLv `yBwUi j¤^
`~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g P I P© nq Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, 4P2 + P©2 = k2 .
3. 4x + 3y = C Ges 12x  5y = 2 (C + 3) †iLv `yBwUi g~j we›`y †_‡K mg`~jeZ©x | C Gi abvZœK gvb
wbY©q Ki|
4. ‡`LvI †h, I ev we&b`y `yBwU n‡Z 2x cos  3y sin = 6 Gi Dci AswKZ
j¤^ `yBwUi ¸Ydj gy³ n‡e|
5. ‡`LvI †h, (4,0) we›`y `yBwU †_‡K 3x Cos + 5y Sin = 15 – Gi Dci AswKZ j¤^ `yBwUi MyYdj 
gy³ n‡e|
6. ‡`LvI †h, we›`ywU 2x  3y + 4 = 0 Ges 6x + 4y  7 = 0 †iLv `ywU n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x|

7. Ggb mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi Xvj  1 Ges g~j we›`y †_‡K hvi `~iZ¡ 4 GKK|
8. we›`y †_‡K mij‡iLvi Dci AswKZ j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki Ges GB j¤^ x- A‡¶i
mv‡_ †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv wbY©q Ki|
Group -2
1. 12x  5y = 7 †iLvi 2 GKK `~ieZ©x mgvš—ivj †iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
2. 4x  3y + 2 = 0 Ges 8x  6y  9 = 0 mgvš—ivj †iLv؇qi ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
3. (1,  2) we›`y †_‡K GKK `~ieZ©x Ges 3x + 4y = 7 †iLvwUi mgvš—ivj †iLv mg~‡ni mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki|
4. g~j we›`y †_‡K mij †iLvmg~‡ni `~iZ¡ 7 Ges Zviv 3x  4y + 7 = 0 †iLvi Dci j¤^| †iLvmg~‡ni mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki|
5. Ggb mij‡iLvi mgxKiY Ki †hMy‡jv y 2x + 2 = 0 Ges y  3x + 5 = 0 †iLv `yBwUi †Q` we›`y w`‡q
Mgb K‡i Ges g~j we›`y †_‡K hv‡`i `~iZ¡ GKK|
6. 4x  3y = 8 mij‡iLvi mgvš—ivj Ges Zv †_‡K 2 GKK `~‡i Aew¯’Z mij‡iLvMy‡jvi mgxKiY wbY©q
Ki|