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Periodic Classification Questions and Answers

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Ridhanishaa Loganathan
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7 views

Periodic Classification Questions and Answers

Uploaded by

Ridhanishaa Loganathan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.First ionization enthalpy of Boron is less than that of Beryllium.Why?

A)In beryllium, the electron removed during the ionization is an s- electron whereas the
electron removed during ionization of boron is a p-electron. The penetration of a 2s-electron to
the nucleus is more than that of a 2p-electron; hence the 2p electron of boron is more shielded
from the nucleus by the inner core of electrons than the 2s electrons of beryllium.Therefore, it is
easier to remove the 2p-electron from boron compared to the removal of a 2s- electron from
beryllium.Thus, boron has a smaller first ionization enthalpy than beryllium.
2.How would you explain the fact that the first ionization enthalpy of sodium is lower than that of
magnesium but its second ionization enthalpy is higher than that of magnesium?
Electronic configuration of Na and Mg are Na = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Mg = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
First electron in both cases has to be removed from 3s-orbital but the nuclear charge of Na (+11)
is lower than that of Mg (+12) therefore first ionization energy of sodium is lower than that of
magnesium. After the loss of first electron, the electronic configuration of
Na = 1s2 2s2 2p6
Mg = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Here electron is to be removed from inert (neon) gas configuration which is very stable and
hence removal of second electron requires more energy when compared to Mg. Therefore,
second ionization enthalpy of sodium is higher than that of magnesium.
3. Ionization enthalpy of nitrogen is more than that of oxygen?
(a) 7N = 1s2, 2s2, 2px1,2py1,2pz1
8O = 1s2, 2s2, 2px2,2py1,2pz1
Since nitrogen has half-filled p-orbital which are more stable than incompletely filled p-orbitals
of oxygen. So, ionization enthalpy of nitrogen is more than that of oxygen.
4. Why is second ionisation enthalpy higher than first?
We remove electrons from a neutral atom in the first ionization energy, but in the second
ionization energy, we must remove electrons from a positive atom, where electrons are more
securely bound due to increased attraction force, hence second ionization energy is higher than
the first.

5. Explain the factors affecting the ionization enthalpy


• Size of the positive nuclear charge. ...
• Size of atom (distance of outermost electron from the nucleus) ...
• Screening (shielding) effect of inner shell electrons.
6. Explain why Electron gain enthalpy of noble gases is positive.

Noble gases have large positive electron gain enthalpies because the extra electron has to be placed
in the next higher principal quantum energy level thereby producing highly unstable electronic
configuration.

7. Would you expect the second electron gain enthalpy of O. as positive, more negative or less.
negative than the first ? Justify your answer

Second electron gain enthalpy of O is positive because after the gain of one electron the oxygen
atom acquires negative charge. Now when the second electron approaches the negatively charged
oxygen atom, there is negative-negative repulsion.Hence energy is to be supplied ,so second
electron gain enthalpy becomes positive.

8.Why is the electron gain enthalpy of chlorine more negative than fluorine?

The negative electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less than that of chlorine. It is due to small size
of fluorine atom. As a result, there are strong interelectronic repulsions in the relatively small 2p
orbitals of fluorine and thus, the incoming electron does not experience much attraction.

9.. Sulphur has more negative electron gain enthalpy than oxygen

Electron gain enthalpy of sulphur is more than oxygen due to small size of oxygen. Extra added
electron in oxygen has more inter electronic repulsion than sulphur which has large size.
10. The first (ΔiH1) and the second (ΔiH) ionization enthalpies (in kJ mol–1) and the (ΔegH) electron
gain enthalpy (in kJ mol–1) of a few elements are given below

Elements ΔiH ΔiH ΔegH

I 520 7300 –60

II 419 3051 –48

III 1681 3374 –328

IV 1008 1846 –295


V 2372 5251 +48

VI 738 1451 –40

Which of the above elements is likely to be :


(a) the least reactive element. (b) the most reactive metal.
(c) the most reactive non-metal. .
d)The metal which can form a stable binary halide of the formula MX2, (X=halogen).
(e)The metal which can form a predominantly stable covalent halide of the formula MX (X=halogen)?
(a)V
(b)1
(c)III
(d)VI
(e) 1
10.Compare electronegativity and electron gain enthalpy?

11.What is diagonal relationship? What is the reason for diagonal relationship?


A diagonal relationship is said to exist between certain pairs of diagonally adjacent elements in the
second and third periods of the periodic table.
Reason
• Similar electronegativity
• Similar atomic & ionic radii
• Similar polarizing power of ions

12The first element of all the groups show anomalous behaviour why?
• Small size
• High electronegativity
• Large charg/radius ratio
• Nonavailability of d orbitals
• Greater ability to form p pi multiple bonds

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