Wave

User Manual
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Version 3
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Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 8
1.1 WHAT IS WAVE? 8
1.2 APPLICATION CONCEPT 8

2 WAVE CARRY CASE 9

3 WAVE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 10

3.1 THE SCREEN 10
3.2 THE POWER BUTTON 10
3.3 LED BEHAVIOURS 11
3.3.1 THE DEVICE IS TURNED OFF 11
3.3.2 THE DEVICE IS BOOTING 11
3.4 THE UT CONNECTORS 12
3.4.1 THE UT CONNECTOR PINOUTS 12
3.5 THE GPIO CONNECTOR 13
3.5.1 GPIO CONNECTOR PINOUT 13
3.6 THE EXPANSION PORT 14
3.7 THE USB-C CONNECTOR 14
3.7.1 CHARGING THROUGH USB-C 14
3.7.2 USB-C TO ETHERNET ADAPTER 15
3.8 THE BATTERY 15
3.8.1 BATTERY ICON 15
3.9 THE UNIT’S STAND 16

4 POWERING UP AND SHUTTING DOWN 17

4.1 THE HOME SCREEN AND THE APP DESCRIPTION SCREEN 17
4.2 SHUTTING DOWN THE UNIT 18

5 THE BASICS OF USING WAVE 19

5.1 MAIN SCREEN LAYOUT OVERVIEW 19
5.2 THE MENU ITEMS 20
5.3 THE A-SCAN VIEW 21
5.3.1 REFERENCE A-SCAN 22
5.3.2 A-SCAN ZOOM 22
5.4 ULTRASOUND SIGNAL GENERATION 22
5.5 SIGNAL PROCESSING 23
5.6 PERMANENT ON-SCREEN ACTION BUTTON 23
5.6.1 AUTO 80% FSH 24
5.7 GATES 24
5.7.1 ENABLING A GATE 24
5.7.2 FSH% MEASUREMENT IN GATES 25
5.7.3 MOVING GATES AND CHANGING GATE PROPERTIES 25
5.7.4 GATE POLARITY 26

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5.7.5 SETTING A GATE ON A SCAN PLAN VIEW 26

5.7.6 SETTING UP AN ADAPTIVE GATE IN GATE MODE 27
5.8 ALARMS 28
5.8.1 ALARM ON-SCREEN LED COLOURS 28
5.8.2 COMPLEX ALARMS 29
5.9 MEASUREMENT BAR 29
5.9.1 MEASUREMENT DEFINITIONS 31
5.9.2 MEASUREMENTS REFERENCE TABLE 33
5.9.3 MEASUREMENT VALUES 36
5.9.4 MEASUREMENT COORDINATES REFERENCES 36
5.9.5 MEASUREMENTS UNITS 37
5.10 TOOLBAR MENU ITEM 38
5.10.1 FULL SCREEN MODE 38
5.10.2 SAVE A CONFIGURATION 39
5.10.3 QUIT AN APPLICATION 39

6 THE PROBE SELECTION 40

7 THE FILTERS 42
7.1 SETTING A FILTER 42

8 THE PART WIZARD 44

8.1 PART TYPES 44
8.1.1 PART TYPE DIMENSIONS 44
8.2 WELD TYPES 45
8.2.1 WELD DIMENSIONS 47
8.3 WIZARD 48
8.3.1 PART VIEW 49

9 THE SCAN PLAN VIEW 49

9.1 SCAN PLAN MENU ITEM 49
9.2 MOVING A PROBE 50

10 AUTO CAL AND SIZING METHODS 51

10.1 AUTO CAL 51
10.2 DAC 51
10.2.1 CREATE A DAC CURVE 51
10.2.2 DAC SIZING OPTIONS 53
10.2.3 ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE DAC GAIN MODE 53
10.2.4 AMPLITUDE CORRECTED AND UNCORRECTED MEASUREMENTS 54
10.3 TCG 55
10.3.1 CREATE A TCG CURVE 55
10.3.2 TCG SIZING OPTIONS 56
10.4 DGS 57
10.4.1 PERFORMING A DGS CALIBRATION 57
10.4.2 DGS SIZING OPTIONS 59
10.5 AWS 59

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10.5.1 PERFORMING AN AWS CALIBRATION 59

10.5.2 AWS SIZING OPTIONS 60
10.6 API 61
10.6.1 PERFORM AN API CALIBRATION 61
10.6.2 API SIZING OPTION 62
10.7 T-LOG 62
10.7.1 PARAMETER DESCRIPTIONS 62
10.7.2 COLOUR PALETTE 64
10.7.3 T-MIN FUNCTION 65
10.7.4 CSV FILES 65

11 SETTINGS 67
11.1 GENERAL 67
11.1.1 BRIGHTNESS 67
11.1.2 HIGH CONTRAST 68
11.1.3 DATE AND TIME 68
11.2 LANGUAGE 68
11.3 NETWORK 68
11.3.1 WIRED NETWORK CONNECTION 68
11.3.2 NETWORK CONNECTION VIA WI-FI 70
11.4 ABOUT 71
11.5 LEGAL 71

12 UPDATES 72

13 MENUS AND PARAMETERS REFERENCE 73

14 WAVE COMPANION 79
14.1 CONNECT WAVE TO THE WAVE COMPANION 79
14.2 VERSION COMPATIBILITY 79

15 QUALITY ASSURANCE 80

16 MAINTENANCE 81
16.1 TEMPERATURES 81
16.2 SCREEN 81
16.3 CONNECTORS 81
16.4 BATTERY AND POWER SUPPLY 81
16.5 USB-C CONNECTOR 82
16.6 TRAVELLING 82

17 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 83
17.1 PROBES 83
17.2 ACCESSORIES 83
17.3 SONATEST WEBSITE 83

18 WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMERS 84

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18.1 WARRANTY 84
18.2 DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY 84

19 TROUBLESHOOTING 85
19.1 BATTERY 85
19.2 USB-C CONNECTOR 85
19.3 SYSTEM STATUS 85
19.4 HARD SHUTDOWN 85
19.5 APPLICATION 85

20 GLOSSARY 87

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Copyright
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of Sonatest Limited.

Sonatest Limited or its subsidiaries provide this manual “AS IS” without warranty of any kind, either
express or implied. Included but not limited to the implied warranties or conditions of merchantability
or fitness for a particular purpose. In NO events shall Sonatest Limited, its subsidiaries, its directors,
officers, employers, or agents be liable for indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages,
even if Sonatest Limited or its subsidiaries have been advised of the possibility of such damages arising
from any defect or error in this manual or product.

Specifications and information contained in this manual are furnished for informational use only, and
are subject to change at any time without notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by
Sonatest Limited or its subsidiaries.

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1 Introduction
1.1 What is Wave?
Wave is a new generation, smart flaw detector. It has been designed to simplify the work of
technicians and engineers. It is based on simple, custom-made applications that can be tailored to
meet the specific requirements of different inspection procedures.

Wave also brings new tools to make the interpretation of A-Scans easier. A scan plan and complete 2-
D view can be used to represent the part being inspected. A smart ray tracer then displays the
ultrasonic beam path travelling within the piece of material, precisely showing the echoes, echo
amplitude and gate positions.

As well, Wave allows using all the main sizing methods, including DAC and DGS to name a few.

1.2 Application Concept

Applications are a subset of the Default application that is pre-installed on all shipped Wave units. The
Default app allows access to all functionalities and features, and the user has the full latitude of setting
all parameters to any possible value.

Applications are easily created using the Wave Companion Software. Once created, these new apps
are transferred and installed on a Wave unit. They are then immediately available to the Wave user.

A custom app will greatly simplify the instrument usage by building a much simplified environment.
This allows streamlining the user’s task, as well as lowering the risk of misusing the instrument.

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2 Wave Carry Case

The Wave carry case includes:

● Wave instrument;
● Smart Li-on battery pack;
● AC/DC battery charger;
● Ethernet to USB-C adapter;
● Ethernet cable;
● Quick Start Guide booklet;
● Couplant bottle.

Figure 1 – Wave Transport Case

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3 Wave Physical Characteristics

3.1 The Screen
The seven-inch screen of Wave occupies most of the front area of the instrument. It is made of glass,
which makes it very easy to clean, and is protected on all sides with a rubberised contour.

Touch
screen

LED

Power button
Figure 2 – Wave with the touch screen, power button, and LED indicator

The unit does not present any physical button apart from the power button. Operating the unit is done
using the integrated touch panel. Using the latest projective capacitive (P-CAP) technology, the touch
panel allows multi-touch as well as drag and pinch gestures. Using working gloves is not a problem as
the touch screen controller has been programmed to adapt to different circumstances. Moreover,
water or couplant will not interfere or affect the behaviour of finger detection.

3.2 The Power Button

The power button is used to turn the unit on. Once the unit is turned on, it is possible to double-click
the power button and disable the touch screen. A lock screen icon appears in the top right corner of
the screen. Double-click the power button again to enable the touch screen.

Figure 3 - Lock screen icon

NOTE: Disabling the touch screen can be useful for cleaning the screen.

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IMPORTANT: To turn the unit off, you must use the on-screen power-off button
appearing at the bottom right of the Home screen. See Section 4 for more
details.

3.3 LED Behaviours

The LED light, next to the power button, provides information on Wave’s status.

3.3.1 The Device Is Turned off

• If Wave is not connected to the power supply, which means it is not charging, the LED light is
turned off.
• If Wave is connected to the power supply, which means the device is charging, the LED will
blink.
• If Wave is connected to the power supply and it is fully charged, a solid green LED light is
displayed.

3.3.2 The Device Is Booting

• During the booting phase, the LED will blink for 5 seconds until the Home screen appears.

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3.4 The UT Connectors

The UT connectors are located on top of the unit. There is one TX/RX connector and one RX connector.
They are identified directly on the casing. These UT connectors can be LEMO or BNC.

When using the instrument in pulse-echo mode, only the TX/RX output is used. For pitch and catch,
both TX/RX and RX must be hooked up to the probe.

TX/RX

RX
Expansion

GPIO

Figure 4 – Wave connectors and the expansion ports

3.4.1 The UT Connector Pinouts

The following tables describes the pinouts of the UT connectors. Figure 5 and Figure 6 illustrate the
localisation of the pinouts in the Lemo connector and BNC.
Table 1 – TX/RX connector pinouts

Pin number I/O I/O type Description

1 In/Out Analogue Ultrasound pulse transmitter/receiver
2 Out Power Ground

Table 2 – RX connector pinouts

Pin number I/O I/O type Description

1 In/Out Analogue Ultrasound pulse receiver
2 Out Power Ground

Figure 5 – Lemo ultrasound connector pinouts

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Figure 6 – BNC ultrasound connector pinouts

3.5 The GPIO Connector

An additional connector is present just beside the UT connectors. This is the GPIO connector for
encoder inputs and digital outputs namely used for alarms.

NOTE: The UT and GPIO connectors, when not used, should always be hidden
by their protective covers. Though these connectors are rugged and rated IP67,
they can eventually become damaged by the accumulation of dirt, which may
cause some contacts to fail.

3.5.1 GPIO Connector Pinout

The following table describes the pinouts of the GPIO connector. Figure 7 illustrates the localisation
of these pinouts.
Table 3 – GPIO connector pinouts

Pin number I/O I/O type Description

1 Out Power 5V DC power supply (500mA limit)
2 Out Power Ground
3 Out TTL 5V Alarm Output 1 / General Purpose Output 1
4 Out TTL 5V Alarm Output 2 / General Purpose Output 2
5 Out TTL 5V Alarm Output 3 / General Purpose Output 3
6 Out TTL 5V Alarm Output 4 / General Purpose Output 4
7 In TTL 5V Encoder 1 Phase A
8 In TTL 5V Encoder 1 Phase B
9 In TTL 5V Encoder 2 Phase A
10 In TTL 5V Encoder 2 Phase B
11 In TTL 5V External Trigger Input
12 In/Out RS-485 Noninverting Receiver Input and Driver Output
13 In/Out RS-485 Inverting Receiver Input and Driver Output
14 Out Analogue Proportional output
15 Out Power Ground
16 Out Power Ground

Figure 7 – GPIO connector pinouts

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3.6 The Expansion Port

The expansion port is a Sonatest proprietary connection that will allow adding extra accessories. The
protector cap over the expansion port must remain in place to protect the connector. It should only
be removed when attaching an accessory.

3.7 The USB-C Connector

The USB-C connector can be found on the left side (front view) of the instrument. It is protected and
lies behind a small door made of soft material.

USB-C
door

Figure 8 – Wave from the left side

3.7.1 Charging Through USB-C

USB-C is a new and very versatile standard. It supports a number of serial data communications at
very high speeds. Moreover, USB-C offers high-power charging capability.

Wave’s USB-C port is hence used to recharge the instrument’s battery. The AC-DC power supply
provided with the unit allows fast charging. Typically, a full recharge of a dead battery to 100% charge
level will take just over 3 hours even if the unit is turned on during recharge.

USB-C hubs can be inserted between the power supply and the instrument, allowing extra connections
(like being hooked-up to a wired network) at the same time as the instrument’s battery is being
recharged.

IMPORTANT: Sonatest recommends a few USB-C hubs. Please follow these

recommendations as some manufacturers may not provide fully USB-C
compliant devices. Go to Sonatest’s website to view an updated list of these
pre-tested hubs.

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3.7.2 USB-C to Ethernet Adapter

The unit comes with a small USB-C to wired Ethernet adapter. This is used to connect your unit to your
local network and allow you to exchange data between the instrument and a laptop computer, for
example. For more information regarding the data transfers, including installing custom applications
on your Wave unit, consult the “Wave Companion User Manual”, where all information about creating
custom apps as well as transferring them to a Wave unit is provided.

3.8 The Battery

Wave is powered by a 72 W/h battery, typically capable of providing 10 hours of continuous use. The
battery compartment is located on the back of the unit, and it is accessible just behind the battery
door. Note that to remove the battery, you have to pull on the battery tab that will push back the
additional battery latch that secures the battery in order to prevent any disconnect in the event of a
shock or a drop. Pulling on the tab will make the battery come out of its compartment.

Battery
compartmen
t

Figure 9 – Wave battery compartment door

NOTE: Always turn off the instrument before removing the battery. Doing
differently may cause undesirable effects.

3.8.1 Battery Icon

The battery icon changes colour depending on the charge level of the device. In addition, if the device
is at10% or less, it is recommended to save the configuration, turn off the device and replace the
battery.

Figure 10 – Battery icon

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3.9 The Unit’s Stand

At the back of the Wave instrument, there is a stand providing a full 180⁰ of adjustment, without any
position limitation in between 0⁰ and 180⁰. The stand, when fully extended, can serve as a handle to
carry the unit. The anti-skid material of both the handle and around the instrument makes it easy to
find a sturdy way to have the unit lay on pretty much any surface.

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4 Powering Up and Shutting Down

The instrument is powered up by pressing the power-on button located at the bottom, just under the
display.

4.1 The Home Screen and the App Description Screen

When powering up your instrument, you will quickly be presented with the Home screen, where all
the available applications appear. By default, Wave has seven (7) applications: Default, Default
imperial, DAC, DASH, DGS, TKY and Tlog.

Settings

Applications
Software
Update

Power-off
button

Figure 11 – Wave Home screen

To launch an app, simply tap it to bring the Configuration Detail screen that displays a short
description of the app as well as a list of configuration files associated to this specific app. Moreover,
a section to the right lists the main parameters of the highlighted configuration, helping to select the
right configuration file prior to launching the app.

Main parameter
details of the
List of selected
configuration configuration
files

Figure 12 – Configuration detail screen

NOTE: From the Configuration Detail screen, you can also delete the selected
configuration file by using the Delete button. This requires a long press, as
indicated by the long press icon.

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4.2 Shutting Down the Unit

Shut down the unit from the Home screen. By touching the red On/Off button, you will be presented
with a confirmation screen where you can select between Shutdown, Reboot, or Cancel.

Figure 13 – Shutting down from the Home screen

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5 The Basics of Using Wave

This section will guide you in using all the basic functionalities of Wave. After reading this, you will be
able to:

● Set parameters
● Select which measurements to display
● Move gates
● Change the A-Scan view to your preference
● Zoom in an A-Scan to view finer details
● Capture screens (screenshots)

5.1 Main Screen Layout Overview

After launching an application, the main screen where the A-Scan is displayed will always have a similar
layout. This is made of four (4) different areas:

● The menu items and its associated parameters

● The A-Scan view
● The Measurement bar
● Tool menu

Measurement bar

On-screen action
buttons

Menu items

Tool menu

Parameters
associated to Signal
menu item,

Figure 14 – Wave main screen

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5.2 The Menu Items

In the main screen, the menu item selected appears with its associated parameters. To have access to
a different menu item (and its proper list of parameters), simply touch the displayed menu item to
make a list of menu items appear. Select the desired menu item from that list.

Figure 15 - List of Menu items

NOTE: You may have noticed a small hand and finger in the upper right corner
of some on-screen buttons. This means that a long press will trigger a specific
action. For example, on the Gain button, this will set the amplitude of the A-
Scan under the selected gate to a predetermined FSH, usually 80%.

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To change the value of a parameter, touch it to see editing tools appear.

Numeric keypad

Pre-set values

Increment values

Figure 16 – Different ways to modify the value of a parameter

For example, in the above figure, simply select a new value for Velocity from the list of pre-set values.
You can also change the Velocity value by increments of ±1 or ±10. Another option would be to make
the on-screen keypad appear in order to then enter a specific value.

5.3 The A-Scan View

The A-Scan appearance and background can be adjusted in numerous ways. The following table
describes all the actions offered that can change the A-Scan.
Table 4 - A-Scan signal modification

Menu item Parameter Possible values

Display Line Appearance Thin, Thick, Filled
Signal Envelope Off, Trail, Peak
Signal Reset Envelope No value – this is a direct action
Display Trail Duration 0 to 60 seconds
Display Trail Speed Slow, Medium, Fast
Display Rulers None, Horizontal, Vertical, Both
Display Ruler Mode Distance, Time
Display Overlay Mode None, Line, Band
Display Grid Type None, Plain, Dash, Dot, Cross
Display Grid Alignment Aligned, Fixed

NOTE: The A-Scan grid can be aligned with the main tick mark of the horizontal
ruler. On the other hand, the grid can be fixed, displaying the traditional 10
vertical lines.

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View the following video for more details about the envelope

View the following video for more details about grid types and overlays.

5.3.1 Reference A-Scan

The reference A-Scan is a fixed A-Scan view of a signal of your choice to be displayed in the A-Scan
View background to be used as a reference signal.

Click on Signal menu item and then on Ref. A-Scan to activate it.

5.3.2 A-Scan Zoom

It is possible to zoom an A-Scan in a couple of different ways. The first one requires having a gate
displayed then zooming over the region covered by the gate. This is accomplished by double tapping
the gate. Exit this “zoom in gate” mode by using the Reset Zoom on-screen button (top left of display).

The alternate way of zooming in an A-Scan is simply by using the same zoom gesture you use on your
smartphone, that is by using 2 fingers and spreading them apart. It is then possible to zoom out by
simply pinching your fingers or use the Reset Zoom button.

When zoomed, you can pan through the entire range of the A-Scan by using the usual pan action, that
is dragging the screen with one finger.

View the following video for more details about zooming the A-Scan.

5.4 Ultrasound Signal Generation

The TX/RX menu item is used to set the ultrasound pulser to the required needs. This is where you
can set the RX Mode, the Voltage, the Pulse type as well as the Frequency and the PRF.

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Table 5 - TX/RX menu item parameters

Parameter Possible values

RX Mode Pulse-Echo, Pitch-Catch, Through Transmission
Voltage 100 V, 150 V, 200 V, 250 V, 300 V, 350 V, 400 V, 450V and 500V
Pulse Type Spike, Square
Frequency 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz
PRF Up to 1500 Hz

5.5 Signal Processing

The A-Scan view can be modified in different ways. The signal itself can be changed by applying
different filters or by choosing a rejection mode and rejection level.
Table 6 - A-Scan signal appearance

Menu Item Parameter Possible values

Signal Rectification Full, +Half, -Half, RF
Signal Avg Factor 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
Signal Filter 0.5 MHz Wide 0.5 MHz Narrow 1 MHz Wide 1 MHz Narrow
1.25 MHz Wide 1.25 MHz Narrow 2 MHz Wide 2 MHz Narrow
2.25 MHz Wide 2.25 MHz Narrow 3.5 MHz Wide 3.5 MHz Narrow
4 MHz Wide 4 MHz Narrow 4.5 MHz Wide 4.5 MHz Narrow
5 MHz Wide 5 MHz Narrow 7.5 MHz Wide 7.5 MHz Narrow
10 MHz Wide 10 MHz Narrow 15 MHz Wide 15 MHz Narrow
20 MHz Wide 20 MHz Narrow Broadband High Broadband Low
Signal Reject Type None, Suppressive, Linear
Signal Reject Level 0% to 100%

NOTE: Some parameters can only take two (2) different values. When changing
the value of such binary type parameters, hitting the on-screen button will
immediately toggle the parameter value. The Ruler Mode parameter is one of
these parameters as it can only take one of two values: Distance or Time.

View the following video for more details about the A-Scan rectification

5.6 Permanent On-Screen Action Button

At the top left of the Wave screen lie four (4) permanently present action buttons. These are described
below.
Table 7 - On-screen action button

Button Action
Gain Change gain, from 0dB to 110dB

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Reset Zoom Resets A-Scan to normal (“zoom out”) mode. The button is enabled (non-
greyed out) when the A-Scan is zoomed. The A-Scan will be zoomed after
zooming in on a gate (by double tapping the gate) or after zooming in part of
the A-Scan.
Freeze Freezes the A-Scan. Once frozen, all gates remain active and can be moved
around. All measurements show live values according to new gate positions
and different measurements can be selected. Also note that when frozen, the

on-screen button appears like so: , indicating the frozen state.

Takes a complete screen shot of the entire screen, in PNG file format. An XML
file with all settings and measurements is also created.

Screen Capture

5.6.1 Auto 80% FSH

Setting a peak to 80% FSH automatically is easily achieved in the following way. Position a gate so it
covers the peak you want to adjust to 80%. Then do a long press of the Gain button. This will
automatically set the gain level such that the peak covered by the selected gate will be adjusted to
80% FSH.

The reference level 80% can be set to any FSH percentage by using the Ref. Amplitude parameter
found in the Cal menu item.

View the following video for more details auto 80% FSH

5.7 Gates
Wave supports four (4) gates. All can be used simultaneously and all offering all measurements. Please
note that gate to gate measurements are possible between Gate 1 and Gate 2 (G1-G2), and between
Gate 3 and Gate 4 (G3-G4).

5.7.1 Enabling a Gate

There are two distinct ways to enable and to set the gates. It is directly related to the selected mode
view in the instrument. They are detailed below:

a. From Menu Item

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To enable a gate, simply select the gate from the menu items. Note that Gate X stands for Gate 1,
Gate 2, Gate 3, or Gate 4. Tap GX Enabled to change its value to Yes.

Figure 17 – Gate colours

NOTE: Gates are easily differentiated by their unique colour. Gate 1 is red; Gate
2 is blue; Gate 3 is yellow; and Gate 4 is pink.

b. Directly clicking on the gate of interest

While on A-Scan view mode, user can set a gate by directly clicking on the gate of interest. Once the
user clicks on the gate, it will appear a double arrow on each corner of the gate and a cross in the
centre. At the same time, it will enable the corresponding gate on the Menu items. User can set the
starting point and the length of the gate by clicking on the arrows, respectively. By clicking on the
centre cross, user can set the height and the position (X-axis) of the gate.

While on Scan Plan view mode, user can set a gate by directly clicking on the gate of interest. Once
the user clicks on the gate, Menu will change to the corresponding gate, and the user can set gate
parameters (gate enabling, gate start, gate width, gate level and gate polarity) according to his needs.

5.7.2 FSH% Measurement in Gates

The Full Screen Height (FSH) in a gate will provide a measurement from 0% up to 160% FSH. Above
that number, the signal is saturated, and you will need to lower the gain in order to have a good
reading.

Note that even if a signal peak amplitude is lower than a gate, the gate will display the FSH% if this is
the measurement selected. The exception being for a signal below 5% FSH.

5.7.3 Moving Gates and Changing Gate Properties

Each gate has properties: Gate Start, Gate Width, Gate Level and Gate Polarity. To change any gate
related parameter, first select the desired gate from the Gate menu item then simply modify the
parameter values.

You can touch a gate and move it around by dragging it to a new position. When you do so, the gate
is “selected” and appears bold. Also, the proper gate menu item is then automatically selected,
allowing to easily change gate parameters.

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Alternatively, you can also tap a gate. After tapping, the gate will appear with handles.

Figure 18 - Gate handles

The left arrow, when dragged left or right, will change the starting point of the gate and its length. The
right arrow will allow changing the gate length without changing the gate starting point. Finally, the
cross-arrow handle is used to move the gate with useful constraints. Move up or down without
changing the gate position, or move right and left, without changing its level.

NOTE: When a gate is selected, the upper right corner of the A-Scan view always
shows the gate level in FSH percentage

NOTE: When moving a gate with your fingers, i.e. when you drag it, the value
of the gate level (FSH) is displayed live. This value is rounded to the nearest 5%.
Use the Gate Level parameter if you want to set a gate to any specific level.

5.7.4 Gate Polarity

The Gate Polarity parameter may take the following values: absolute, positive or negative. Here is a
brief description of each:

● Absolute: Considers all signal for evaluation (available only with non-rectified signal)
● Positive: Considers only the positive signal for evaluation (available with non-rectified or
rectified or positive only signal)
● Negative: Considers only the negative signal for evaluation (available only with non-
rectified or negative only signal)

View the following video for how to use the gates.

5.7.5 Setting a Gate on a Scan Plan View

When you are set to the Scan Plan view, you can still set the gates that are available. To set a gate,
you must go to the Gate menu (1, 2, 3 or 4) to have access to the desired gate. While in the Gate
menu, you can set the following parameters, as seen at Table 8.
Table 8 – Gate options

Option Meaning
Gx Enabled Unable or disable a gate (Yes or No)
Gx Start It sets the starting point of a gate (in mm or µs).
Gx Width It sets the width of a gate (in mm or inches).
Gx Level It sets the level of the gate (in %FSH).
Gx Polarity It sets the polarity of a gate (positive or negative).

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Gx Adaptive It sets an echo-to-echo (E-E) or flank-to-flank (F-F) adaptive triggering mode.

Triggering Present in G2 and G4 only.
Gx Blanking It prevents the current gate from triggering from previous gate. Present in
G2 and G4 only.

5.7.6 Setting up an Adaptive Gate in Gate Mode

Gate 2 and Gate 4 have an adaptive triggering feature. This feature adapts the gate with respect to
the start function (Gx Start) of G1^ peak position. In the example below, G1 Start is set at 12 mm. The
G1^ sound path is 25.4 mm. The blanking value is the minimum offset between G1^ and G2 Start. In
this case, the G2 Blanking is set to 15 mm. Hence, the G2 Start will automatically be set to (12 mm +
25.4 mm +15 mm = 40.4 mm).

Figure 19 – Adaptative gate

For a gate adaptive triggering set to F-F, it has the same described behaviour. However, but the flank
is the new source of position.

In echo to echo mode, this prevents Gate 2 to trigger the same peak as Gate 1. Consequently, a G2-
G1 measurements would have been set to 0 mm.

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5.8 Alarms
Alarm 1 Alarm 2 Alarm 3
Alarm 4

Figure 20 – Alarm position

There are four alarms, simply named Alarm 1 to Alarm 4. They all appear at the top of the Wave
display. If an alarm is not active, it will not be visible. If it is enabled but not triggered, it will appear
dimmed, like a turned-off LED. When enabled and triggered, the alarm will appear bright, like a turned-
on LED.

In the above table, we can see the status of each of the four (4) alarms.
Table 9 - Alarms

Alarm Enabled Status Display

Alarm 1 Yes Triggered (on) Bright
Alarm 2 Yes Not triggered (off) Dimmed
Alarm 3 Yes Not triggered (off) Dimmed
Alarm 4 No - Invisible

NOTE: Touching the alarms at the top bar of the Wave is a direct short cut to
the Alarms menu.

5.8.1 Alarm On-Screen LED Colours

Alarms 1 to 4 will have the same colours as their corresponding gate. This is their default colour.

Figure 21 - Alarm default colours

The above figure shows the default alarm colours. It is possible to override the default source of each
alarm. That is, you can decide that Alarm 1 will be triggered by Gate 2. This is accomplished in the

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Alarms menu item. Moreover, the alarm LED will take the colour of its source gate. So, as an example,
if Alarm 1 is triggered by Gate 2, Alarm 1 will appear blue (instead of its default red colour).

NOTE: When enabling a gate, its corresponding alarm is automatically enabled

as well. By default, the source for Alarm 1 is Gate 1, the source for Alarm 2 is
Gate 2, and so on.

5.8.2 Complex Alarms

Wave allows to generate alarms based on complex events. For example, Alarm 1 could be triggered
by conditions from Gate 1 or Gate 2.

When an alarm is triggered by a complex condition, it will appear differently, as shown below.

Figure 22 - Complex alarms

In the example above, we had G1 or G2 as the source of Alarm 1, and G1 and G2 as the source of
Alarm 2.

5.9 Measurement Bar

The measurement bar is displayed at the top of the screen. There are four measurements, each one
showing any possible measurement, depending on the gates used.

As an example, the above figure shows measurements that can be displayed when only
Gate 1 is enabled. The choice of measurements is then dynamic, making it easier to choose from
depending on the application running on the instrument and also depending on the number of gates
enabled.

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Figure 23 - Measurement choices (only Gate 1 is enabled)

Gate to gate measurements are grouped in pairs. That is, GX-GY measurements are offered between
Gate 1 and Gate 2 or between Gate 3 and Gate 4. The example below shows this.

Figure 24 - Measurements available with more than one gate enabled

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The following table shows the various measurement choices for different gates.
Table 10 - Measurement choices versus gates

Source Gate Measurement Basis Measurement

Gate 1 to Gate 4 Peak %FSH, Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface
Distance, Surface Distance Minus X Offset,
%Ref, dB Ref
Gate 1 to Gate 4 Flank Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface
Distance, Surface Distance Minus X Offset
Gate 1 to Gate 4 First Peak %FSH, Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface
Distance, Surface Distance Minus X Offset, %Ref,
dB Ref
Gate 1 to Gate 4 Threshold %FSH (that is the gate level)
Gate 1 to Gate 4 Start Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface
Distance
Gate 1 to Gate 4 Stop Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface
Distance
Gate 1 to Gate 4 Length The length of the gate
G1-G2 / G3-G4 Peak Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface
Distance
G1-G2 / G3-G4 Flank Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface
Distance, Surface Distance Minus X Offset
G1-G2 / G3-G4 First Peak Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface
Distance, Surface Distance

NOTE: The Gate Start and Gate Stop positions in the table above can be
expressed in a number of different ways. The usual way of representing theses
position is based on the sound path. It might also be useful to express them
relative to the depth, the true depth or the surface distance. This allows to
better understand which part of the piece being expected is covered by the gate

View the following video for how to change the measurements

5.9.1 Measurement Definitions

Here are some additional information regarding the peak, first peak and flank:

Peak: The highest value inside the gate.

Flank: The first positive flank to cross the gate (the first value higher than the gate threshold that
crosses the gate).

First Peak: The highest value between the first two gate crossings (full positive flank and full negative
flank), with the first gate crossing being the flank.

The following figure shows the aforementioned definitions in graphical form. The peak corresponds
to B. The flank is represented by A. The first peak is B.

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Figure 25 – Graphical representation of the plank, first peak and flank

There is also a difference between the depth and true depth. Depth is considered as the depth without
taking into account multiple half skips.

Figure 26 – Visual representation of depth measurement

True depth is considered as the depth in which multiple haft skips are taken into account. True depth
is less or equal to the thickness of the part.

Here are visualisations of true depth measurements for different parts that available on Wave:

Flat part T-joint part

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Curved part
Figure 27 – Visual representation of true depth measurement

5.9.2 Measurements Reference Table

Following is a complete table of measurements and their associated symbols, where X is the gate
number.
Table 11 - Measurement Reference

Gate Ref Measurement Symbol Meaning

GX Peak %FSH GX^ Amplitude of the highest peak in
gate. Shown even if peak below the
gate, but peak greater than 5%FSH
GX Peak Sound Path GX^⇘ Sound path distance measured at
peak
GX Peak Depth GX^⇓ Depth at peak position
GX Peak True Depth GX^⇓⊻ True depth at peak position (takes
skips into account)
GX Peak Surface Distance GX^⇒ Distance from the exit point of the
probe to position of peak relative to
the surface
GX Peak Surface Distance GX^⇒-X Distance from front of the probe to
minus X-offset position of peak relative to the
surface
GX Peak %Ref GX^%REF Amplitude referred to the curve
(DAC, TCG and DGS) or to the
reference amplitude (Ref. Amplitude)
GX Peak dB Ref GX^dBREF Amplitude referred to the reference
dB. This is the difference between
the Ref dB and the actual dB
amplitude
GX Peak AWS A GX^AWS A AWS Indication level (A)
GX Peak AWS C GX^AWS C AWS Attenuation factor (C)
GX Peak AWS D GX^AWS D AWS Indication rating (D)

Gate Ref Measurement Symbol Meaning

GX First Peak %FSH GX^1 Amplitude of the first peak in gate.
Shown even if the peak is below the
gate and if the peak is greater than
5%FSH

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GX First Peak Sound Path GX^1⇘ Sound path distance measured at the
first peak
GX First Peak Depth GX^1⇓ Depth at the first peak position
GX First Peak True Depth GX^1⇓⊻ True depth at the first peak position
(takes skips into account)
GX First Peak Surface Distance GX^1⇒ Distance from the exit point of the
probe to the position of first peak
relative to the surface
GX First Peak Surface Distance GX^1⇒-X Distance from front of the probe to
Minus X-offset the position of first peak relative to
the surface
GX First Peak %Ref GX^1%REF Amplitude referred to the curve
(DAC, TCG and DGS) or to the
reference amplitude (Ref. Amplitude)
GX First Peak dB Ref GX^1dBREF Amplitude referred to the reference
dB. This is the difference between
the Ref dB and the actual dB
amplitude.
GX Flank Sound Path GX/⇘ Sound path distance measured at
flank
GX Flank Depth GX/⇓ Depth at flank position
GX Flank True Depth GX/⇓⊻ True depth at flank position (takes
skips into account)
GX Flank Surface Distance GX/⇒ Distance from the exit point of the
probe to position of flank relative to
the surface
GX Flank Surface Distance GX/⇒-X Distance from front of the probe to
minus X-offset position of flank relative to the
surface
GX Threshold --- GX threshold This is the gate level
GX Start Sound Path GX⇘start Gate start position relative to sound
path
GX Start Depth GX⇓start Gate start position relative to depth

Gate Ref Measurement Symbol Meaning

GX Start True Depth GX⇓⊻start Gate start position relative to true
depth
GX Start Surface Distance GX⇒start Gate start position relative to the
surface distance
GX Stop Sound Path GX⇘stop Gate stop position relative to sound
path
GX Stop Depth GX⇓stop Gate stop position relative to depth
GX Stop True Depth GX⇓⊻stop Gate stop position relative to true
depth
GX Stop Surface Distance GX⇒stop Gate stop position relative to the
surface distance
GX Length --- GX⇘length Gate length (always relative to sound
path)

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DAC Peak %DAC(C) DAC^%(C) Peak measurement, in %, relative to

DAC curve. Corrected if the gain
changed
DAC Peak %DAC(U) DAC^%(U) Peak measurement, in %, relative to
DAC curve. Uncorrected if the gain
changed. Use with care
DAC Peak dB DAC(C) DAC^dB(C) Peak measurement, in dB, relative to
DAC curve. Corrected if the gain
changed
DAC Peak dB DAC(U) DAC^dB(U) Peak measurement, in dB, relative to
DAC curve. Uncorrected if the gain
changed. Use with care
DGS Peak %DGS(C) DGS^%(C) Peak measurement, in %, relative to
DGS curve. Corrected if the gain
changed
DGS Peak %DGS(U) DGS^%(U) Peak measurement, in %, relative to
DGS curve. Uncorrected if the gain
changed. Use with care
DGS Peak dB DGS(C) DGS^dB(C) Peak measurement, in dB, relative to
DGS curve. Corrected if the gain
changed
DGS Peak dB DGS(U) DGS^dB(U) Peak measurement, in dB, relative to
DGS curve. Uncorrected if the gain
changed. Use with care
DGS Peak ERS GX^ ERS Peak Measurement, in ERS
(Equivalent Reflector Size), relative
to DGS curve. Corrected if gain
changes.

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Gate Ref Measurement Symbol Meaning

G1-G2 Peak Sound Path G1-G2^⇘ Difference, in sound path distance,
between gate 1 peak and gate 2 peak
measurements
G1-G2 Peak Depth G1-G2^⇓ Difference, in depth, between gate 1
peak and gate 2 peak measurements
G1-G2 Peak True Depth G1-G2⇓⊻ Difference, in true depth, between
gate 1 peak and gate 2 peak
measurements
G1-G2 Peak Surface Distance G1-G2^⇒ Difference, in surface distance,
between gate 1 peak and gate 2 peak
measurements
G3-G4 Peak Sound Path G3-G4^⇘ Difference, in sound path distance,
between gate 3 peak and gate 3 peak
measurements
G3-G4 Peak Depth G3-G4^⇓ Difference, in depth, between gate 3
peak and gate 4 peak measurements
G3-G4 Peak True Depth G3-G4⇓⊻ Difference, in true depth, between
gate 3 peak and gate 4 peak
measurements
G3-G4 Peak Surface Distance G3-G4^⇒ Difference, in surface distance,
between gate 3 peak and gate 4 peak
measurements

5.9.3 Measurement Values

Measurements are displayed as numbers. Usually these represent the FSH % or a distance. There are
exceptions though. Sometimes, a proper measurement cannot be displayed. See below the
occurrences and the reasons for not being able to see a number of one of the measurement areas.
Table 12 - Measurement values

Value Displayed Meaning

N/A The value cannot be calculated because at least one of the required
conditions to compute it is missing
--- Nothing is being measured (below 5% FSH)
*** A saturated reading, i.e. over 160% FSH
Number The normal condition – this is the value of the measurement

5.9.4 Measurement Coordinates References

Wave adds quite a few new capabilities for the inspection of complex parts. For example, when
inspecting T joints with fillet welds, the ray tracer will show the beam path travelling everywhere in
the part.

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Surface distance

Depth

Figure 28 – Measurements in complex shapes

Say that the red dot in the above figure represents the position of a flaw, as it would be indicated in
the measurement of a gate. The red dot is positioned over the horizontal line where the probe lies. As
depth is usually represented as a positive number, referencing the red dot’s position requires using a
negative number.

Hence, we need to make sure we have a unique reference system for positioning, both in terms of
surface distance and in depth.

5.9.5 Measurements Units

To modify the measurement units, click on Display menu item and click on Units. It will switch from
SI to Imperial and vice versa.

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5.10 Toolbar Menu Item

The toolbar menu item appears at the top right corner. It is represented by the common drop-down
menu icon.

Toolbar menu

Figure 29 – Toolbar menu items

5.10.1 Full Screen Mode

This drop-down menu is where you can get access to the full-screen display where only the Gain and
measurements remain displayed, allowing the A-Scan to extend to the full width of the screen.

Figure 30 - Full-screen mode

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5.10.2 Save a Configuration

The second choice in the toolbar menu is called Save. This is where you can save a configuration, that
is the complete set up of all parameters. It is important to understand that configurations are
associated with applications. This means a configuration saved when using App A will only be available
when using App A. It will not be visible when using another application.

When saving a configuration, you will be presented with the following screen, allowing you to enter a
filename under which the file content will be saved.

Figure 31 – Save a configuration

5.10.3 Quit an Application

The toolbar menu also allows to choose Exit. This will bring you back to the actual application screen
where the list of configurations is shown.

NOTE: When you exit an application, the configuration is always automatically

saved in the Autosave file. Since each application possesses its own list on
configuration files, a different autosave file is created for each application.

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6 The Probe Selection

The Probe menu item allows the user to choose a probe in a probe list and to generate a probe,
called Generic, based on some ultrasonic parameters.

Probe model
available by
clicking here

Figure 32 – Access to Probe Selection

IMPORTANT: It is not possible to save a Generic probe file. On the other hand,
you can save these parameters by saving the configuration as it is.

By touching the Probe Model menu parameter, the Probe Selection screen appears.

Figure 33 – Probe Selection

The left columns include fields (Manufacturer, Frequency, Type, Angle, DGS Only, Show Recent) to
help you search for a probe. The table on the right shows the list of available probes according to the

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fields chosen. In the probe list, it is possible to sort them by clicking Model, Manufacturer, Frequency,
Angle or Size.

Once a probe is loaded, it is possible to modify the Probe Model, the Angle, the Wedge Velocity, the
Probe Zero, the Frequency, the Probe Width and the Probe Type. Probe Height will always remain
greyed and X-Offset is only available for angular probes.

NOTE: DGS probes are identified with a small DGS logo next to the
manufacturer's name. DGS probes are the only probes that can be used to make
a DGS sizing method. Once a DGS probe is loaded all the menu parameters are
greyed out except Probe Model and Probe Zero.

View the following video for instructions on how to choose a probe in the Probe
Selection

View the following video how to choose a DGS probe

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7 The Filters
Wave offers a set of 28 filters. Each of these is centred around the most usual transducer frequencies,
namely 2.25MHz, 4MHz, 5MHz and 7.5MHz.

Following is the list of these filters with their centre frequency, as well as their low and high pass
frequencies.
Table 13 - Filters

Filter Name Centre Frequency High Pass Freq. Low Pass Freq.
(MHz) (MHz) (MHz)
0.5 MHz Narrow 0.5 0.38 0.63
0.5 MHz Wide 0.5 0.25 0.75
1 MHz Narrow 1 0.75 1.25
1 MHz Wide 1 0.5 1.5
1.25 MHz Narrow 1.25 0.94 1.56
1.25 MHz Wide 1.25 0.63 1.88
2 MHz Narrow 2 1.5 2.5
2 MHz Wide 2 1 3
2.25 MHz Narrow 2.25 1.69 2.81
2.25 MHz Wide 2.25 1.13 3.38
3.5 MHz Narrow 3.5 2.63 4.38
3.5 MHz Wide 3.5 1.75 5.25
4 MHz Narrow 4 3 5
4 MHz Wide 4 2 6
4.5 MHz Narrow 4.5 3.38 5.63
4.5 MHz Wide 4.5 2.25 6.75
5 MHz Narrow 5 3.75 6.25
5 MHz Wide 5 2.5 7.5
7.5 MHz Narrow 7.5 5.63 9.38
7.5 MHz Wide 7.5 3.75 11.3
10 MHz Narrow 10 7.5 12.5
10 MHz Wide 10 5 15
15 MHz Narrow 15 11.3 18.8
20 MHz Narrow 20 15 25
20 MHz Wide 20 10 30
Broadband Low 2.25 to 5 1 6
Broadband High 7.5 to 10 2 15

7.1 Setting a Filter

To set a specific filter, go to the Signal menu item. Tap the Filter parameter and choose from the list
of filters available.

NOTE: A new filter is automatically selected when a new probe is loaded or if

the probe frequency is changed. The filter automatically selected matches the
new probe’s frequency, using a wide type filter. This filter selection can then be
manually overridden, if desired.

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View the following video for how to choose a filter.

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8 The Part Wizard

The part wizard allows the user to define the dimensions of the chosen part as well as the chosen
weld. It should be noted that this wizard includes dynamic tiles. Thus, according to the choices made
concerning the part or the weld types, specific tiles will appear, and others will disappear. This is one
of the special characteristics of this menu item.

8.1 Part Types

There are four (4) part types:

Flat T-joint

Corner joint Curved part

Figure 34 – Part types available on Wave

NOTE: The part type choice influences the weld types. Thus, not all weld types
will be available depending on the chosen part.

8.1.1 Part Type Dimensions

Table 14 shows the available dimensions according to the chosen part. It should be noted that
all dimensions are available in the SI system as well as the imperial system (see section 5.9.5). A
checkbox indicates that this part dimension is visible for a given part.

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Table 14 - Part types and their dimensions available

Flat part Curved part T-joint Corner joint

Thickness X X
Horizontal thickness X X
Vertical thickness X X
Joint height X X
Part angle X
Curved base X
Outside diameter X
Inside diameter X

NOTE: For the Curved type, the Inside Diameter is automatically calculated. It
is therefore impossible for the user to modify it. It is a read-only parameter.
That is why it is always greyed out.

8.2 Weld Types

There are twelve (12) weld types, including None:

Square Groove Single V

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Double V Single U

Double U Single J

Double J Bevel Groove

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Double Bevel Single Fillet Weld

Double Fillet Welds

Figure 35 – Welds available with Wave

The availability of these welds depends on the type of part chosen beforehand. Table 15 illustrates
these possibilities. A checkbox indicates that the weld is visible for a given part.
Table 15 - Part types vs welds

Flat part Curved part T-joint Corner joint

None X X X X
Square Groove X X X X
Single V X X
Double V X X
Single U X
Double U X
Single J X
Double J X
Bevel Groove X X X
Double Bevel X X
Single Fillet Weld X X
Double Fillet Welds X

8.2.1 Weld Dimensions

The user has the possibility to modify as desired all the dimensions of a weld. Again, the tiles are
dynamic. Thus, depending on the type of weld chosen, the visibility of the available dimensions will
be modified. It should be noted that all dimensions are available in the SI system as well as in the
imperial system (see section 5.9.5)

Table 16 shows the dimensions according to the type of weld chosen. An X indicates that the
parameter is visible for a given weld.
Table 16 - Weld types and their dimensions

R 𝜶 𝜷 f S1 S2 r1 r2 Top Bottom L1 L2 Lw1 Lw2

Cap Cap
None
Square Groove X X X

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Single V X X X X X
Double V X X X X X X X X
Single U X X X X
Double U X X X X X X X X X
Single J X X X X X X
Double J X X X X X X X X X X
Bevel Groove X X X X X
Double Bevel X X X X X X X X
Single Fillet X X
Weld
Double Fillet X X X X
Welds

NOTE: For Single U and Double U welds, the root opening (R) is equal to zero.
Since the parameter cannot be modified by the user, it is not visible.

Here are the meanings of each weld symbol parameters:

● R: Root opening
● α: Bevel angle α
● β: Bevel angle β
● f: Root face
● S1: Weld depth of the bevel #1
● S2: Weld depth of the bevel #2
● r1: Groove radius #1
● r2: Groove radius #2
● L1: Length of the left-side fillet weld
● L2: Length of the right-side fillet weld
● Lw1: Effective throat of the left-side fillet weld
● Lw2: Effective throat of the right-side fillet weld

8.3 Wizard
The goal of the wizard is to quickly and simply guide the user to define the part to be inspected and
the weld, if any. Here is a summary of the steps to follow:

1. Choose the desired part

2. Define the part according to the part parameters
3. Choose the weld type. If you want a fillet weld, choose the fillet weld localisation.
4. Define the weld (if any) according to the weld parameters

View the following video for how to define a Flat part with a Single V weld.

View the following video for how to define a T-joint with Fillet Welds.

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8.3.1 Part View

The Part View is a view only accessible in the Part menu item. It allows to focus on the part and its
dimensions. Thus, it is not possible to see a probe or an A-Scan. These interactions are reserved for
the Scan Plan view or the A-Scan view.

Part view

Figure 36 – Part view

The Part View always includes vertical and horizontal rulers. The units of the rules are in SI or imperial
system depending on the user preferences (see section 5.9.5)

9 The Scan Plan View

The Scan Plan View allows the user to see the part with the probe and the distances. Of course, it is
possible to add visual elements such as welds, real A-scan ray tracer and grids. The Scan Plan View is
the visual tool that allows a better understanding of defects in an inspected part.

9.1 Scan Plan Menu Item

The following options are available in the Scan Plan menu item.

Table 17 – Scan Plan menu items and their meanings

Button Choices Action

Beam Exit Point Read-only For T-joint or Corner joint: The linear distance from the vertical
wall thickness to the point where the beam exits the wedge.
For Flat and Curved parts: The linear distance from point 0 to
the point where the beam exits the wedge.
By default, this distance is set as -20.00mm for all geometries.
Ruler Both, None Rulers are located on the left and on the bottom axis and can
show metric/imperial values depending on the unit system
(see section 5.9.5)

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Grid Type None, Plain, By default, the dimensions are 10x10mm (1”x1”), but can
Cross change as the user zooms in or out. Grid lines may help user
on sizing and distance evaluation.
Weld Visible Yes, No This feature allows the user to see the weld overlay. It helps
the user to be more confident with defects location and
evaluation
Signal Visible Yes, No This feature allows the user to have the A-scan displayed over
the ray tracer, in real time. It helps the user to be more
confident with defects location and evaluation.
Distance Visible Yes, No It allows the user to show or hide the distance.

NOTE: Distances located on the left side of the vertical reference point (Y axis
origin) are set by default as negative values. Distances located on the right side
of the vertical reference point (Y axis origin) are set by default as positive values.

9.2 Moving a Probe

To virtually move the probe over the test piece image, the user just needs to click the probe and move
it to the desired position. All geometric parameters are then automatically adjusted.

View the following video for how to move a probe into the Scan Plan View.

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10 Auto Cal and Sizing Methods

Conventional ultrasonic techniques have a wide variety of methods for flaw sizing Wave offers all of
the most popular methods: DAC, TCG, AWS, DGS, AWS, API, T-log and Auto Cal.

10.1 Auto Cal

Auto Cal provides automatic calibration of sound velocity and transducer zero. In order to achieve a
proper calibration, two factors must be known: the velocity of sound in the material under test, and
the offset of the transducer caused by wear face and phase shifts.

The Auto Cal automates this process so that only two readings are required, one on the thin sample
and one on the thick sample. The Wave then sets the Velocity and Probe Zero. This Auto Cal operation
must be repeated any time the test material is changed (velocity) or the transducer is changed (zero).

View the following video for how to use Auto Cal.

10.2 DAC
One of the many ways to perform echo evaluation is by means of the distance-amplitude correction
(DAC). DAC curves use a series of reference echoes from a reference block having artificial flaws. Due
to sound attenuation on materials and beam spread while using angle probes, echo heights of same-
sized reflectors are different at distinct depths (sound path).

10.2.1 Create a DAC Curve

With the help of a calibration block, you can set a DAC curve by clicking on the Sizing menu. Then, click
on DAC. Before creating a new DAC curve, you can set the Reference Amplitude (% of FSH), configure
the range size (in mm/in) and, enable or disable the Split DAC function.

Couple your probe with your standard block and try to maximise the echo from the first reflector.
Depending on your range size and the sound path associated with your reflector, the refracted echo
can be located outside of the reference window. You can move the reference window
(forward/backward) through the A-Scan until it encompasses the echo; simply click on the touch
panel. You can also enlarge or reduce the window width by directly clicking on the window and then
adjusting it according to your needs.

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Figure 37 – Creating a DAC curve

At this point, you do not need to be aware of echo amplitude (gain level). You just need to make sure
that the first echo corresponds to your reference reflector to maximise its amplitude. When the first
echo is recorded, Wave automatically sets the Gain at 80% FSH by default. You can change the
reference amplitude to other values with the Ref. Amplitude button and according to your
requirements. The gain is locked and set as the reference gain. To record an echo, you should click on
Add Point. Once the reference gain is set and the first echo is recorded, users can randomly record
the other points to create a DAC curve. Users can also delete or replace another point as much as
necessary if they consider that the point was not properly taken. To delete or replace a point on a DAC
curve, move the reference window over the point and then click on the Delete Selected Point option.

If an echo amplitude falls below 20% FSH, click Split DAC Enabled. Once this option is switched on,
continue recording points. Wave will automatically set the gain so that echo amplitude will reach the
level of amplitude set by users.

Figure 38 – Split DAC function enabled

Users can add up to 16 points to a DAC curve and also have four Split DACs, depending on their needs.

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View the following video for how to create a DAC curve

10.2.2 DAC Sizing Options

Once a DAC curve is created, these are the following sizing options available for the DAC sizing method.
Table 18 – DAC sizing options

Option Meaning
Transfer Loss The transfer loss is the gain to compensate for the difference of
attenuation between a reference standard and the part to be inspected.
DAC Trigger It sets the trigger of the alarm when DAC curve is on (DAC, G1, 6dB, 0dB,
-2dB, -6dB, -10dB, -12dB and -14dB). Options are directly dependent on
DAC sub curves.
Gain Mode Absolute or relative
Split DAC Enabled Turns on/off Split DAC option
DAC Subcurves -2/-6/-10, -6/-14, JIS and Custom

10.2.3 Absolute and Relative DAC Gain Mode

Under sizing options, the DAC curve height can be displayed in two different ways. To dynamically
adjust its height, set the Gain Mode to Relative.

Figure 39 – Gain mode set to Relative and 6 dB of scanning gain has been added

In the figure above, 6 dB of scanning gain has been added. All the DAC curves have also been increased
by 6 dB. Please noted that all relative amplitude measurements have not changed ( +0 dB ).

The figure below is based on the same previous example; however, the Gain Mode is set to Absolute
instead. The A-scan is indeed +6 dB higher, while the DAC curves have not moved. Please note that
corrected (C) measurements provide a compensated amplitude reading. It is the advised assessment
method to use for DAC amplitude measurements. Uncorrected (U) measurements are not
compensated with respect to the DAC calibration.

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Figure 40 – Gain Mode is set to Absolute and 6 dB of scanning gain has been added

10.2.4 Amplitude Corrected and Uncorrected Measurements

Users may choose corrected and uncorrected measurements for the amplitude DAC. They appear as
(C) and (U) in the top measurement bar, within a drop-down list.

Figure 41 – Corrected and uncorrected DAC measurements in a drop-down list

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Figure 42 Corrected and uncorrected measurements when +1 dB is applied

Corrected measurements, such as the screenshot above, is the recommended way to use DAC
measurements. Regardless of the Gain Mode, the scanning gain is 1 dB stronger than the current
reference gain (42.7 dB+ 1.0 dB = 43.7 dB). The calibration has not been changed, so the corrected
readings are also 100.0% FSH and 0.0 dB. The uncorrected readings are 112.0% FSH and 1.0 dB. This
would mean a larger reflector. It also breaks the current calibration because a higher A-scan echo from
the same reflector should give the same DAC gain difference.

10.3 TCG
Another alternative to perform echo evaluation is by the time correction gain (TCG). TCG uses a series
of reference echoes from a calibration block with artificial flaws. This sizing method is a way to
compensate material attenuation and beam characteristics so that reflectors of equal size at distinct
depths into a piece will provide the same amplitude response on A-Scan.

10.3.1 Create a TCG Curve

With the help of a calibration block, you can set a DAC curve by clicking on the Sizing menu. Then, click
on TCG. Before creating a new TCG curve, you can set the Reference Amplitude (% of FSH), configure
the range size (in mm/in) and, enable/disable the function to lock points.

Couple your probe with your standard block and try to maximise the echo from the first reflector.
Depending on your range size and the sound path associated to your reflector, the refracted echo can
be located outside of the reference window. You can move the reference window (forward/backward)
through the A-Scan until it encompasses the echo by just clicking on the touch panel. You can also
enlarge or reduce the window width by directly clicking on the window and then adjusting it according
to your needs.

At this point, you do not need to be aware of echo amplitude (Gain level). You just need to make sure
that the first echo corresponds to your reference reflector to maximise its amplitude. When the first
echo is recorded, Wave automatically sets the Gain at 80% FSH by default. You can change the refence
amplitude to other values on Ref. Amplitude button based on your requirements. The gain is locked;
it is set as the reference gain. To record an echo, you should click on Add Point. Once the reference

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gain is set and the first echo is recorded, users can randomly record the other points to create a TCG
curve. Users can also delete or replace another point as many times as necessary if they consider the
point was not properly taken. To delete or replace a point on your TCG curve, you need to move your
reference window over the point and then click on the Delete Selected Point option.

Figure 43 – Creating a TGC curve

Here is some additional information on the buttons found in the wizard.

Table 19 – Buttons in the TCG wizard

Option Meaning
Lock Points It allows users to lock or unlock (yes or no) the points on TCG curve
Range It allows users to set the range according to their needs.
Delete Selected Point It allows users to delete selected points on the TCG curve.

View the following video for how to create a TCG curve

10.3.2 TCG Sizing Options

After creating a TCG curve, you can easily switch from TCG to DAC and back, via the
DAC to TCG button. Once the TCG curve is created, users can still set the Transfer Loss making the
curve visible, as shown on the following figure.

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Figure 44 – TCG sizing options available

10.4 DGS
Distance-gain-size diagram is a theoretical model for discontinuity sizing evaluation. This model allows
technicians to correlate discontinuity size between natural flaws and theoretical reflectors in terms of
distance compensation, and without requiring a large range of reference standards in order to
establish an evaluation curve.

DGS flaw sizing shows the sound response from “equivalent reflectors” of different sizes at distinct
depths, by performing mathematical predictions in terms of probe effective diameter, frequency and
near-field length.

When performing DGS evaluation, keep in mind that this defect sizing method shows some limitations
and it may lead to no definitive conclusions in some cases. As far as discussed above, it is a predictive
method and it tends to work better on standard configurations, circular probe elements and narrow
band.

10.4.1 Performing a DGS Calibration

Prior to generating the DGS evaluation curve, user must be in possession of a standard test block with
a reference reflector in order to define a reference point. A standard test block must have one of the
following reflectors:

● Side-drilled hole – SDH

● Flat bottom hole – FBH
● Backwall – BW

NOTE: To perform DGS evaluation, click the Probe menu and choose a proper
DGS probe from the probe list. Otherwise, the DGS sizing option will remain
greyed out on Wave.

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Couple your probe with your standard block and try to maximise the echo from the first reflector.
Depending on your range size and the sound path associated to your reflector, the refracted echo can
be located outside of the reference window. You can move the reference window (forward/backward)
through the A-Scan until it encompasses the echo by just clicking on the touch panel. You can also
enlarge or reduce the window width by directly clicking on the window and then adjusting it according
to your needs.

Press Calibrate once the echo is correctly located in the calibration window. Wave will automatically
set the gain as the Reference Gain. Wave will then apply it to finalise the calibration procedure.

Figure 45 – Performing a DGS calibration

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Once a DGS probe is selected, the user may set some additional parameters.
Table 20 – Additional parameters for DGS sizing options

Option Meaning
Ref. Attenuation Attenuation finds the attenuation losses at the calibration step.
Material Att. Material attenuation of the test piece. Once the DGS calibration is
done, it applies the attenuation effect on all DGS curves.

Ref. Type Reference echo can be a side-drilled hole, flat bottom hole or the infinite
reflector size, also known as the backwall echo.
Ref. Type Reference echo can be a side-drilled hole, flat bottom hole or the infinite
reflector size, also known as the backwall echo.
Ref. Size Reference size during the calibration, its type is defined in the Ref. Type
tile
Ref. Block Velocity The velocity of the reference block
View the following video for how to create a DGS curve

10.4.2 DGS Sizing Options

Once a DGS curve is created, there are the following options available on DGS sizing options menu.
Table 21 – Information regarding the DGS sizing options

Option Meaning
Transfer Loss The Transfer Loss is the gain to compensate for the difference of
attenuation between a reference standard and the part to be inspected.
DGS Trigger It sets the trigger of the alarm when DGS curve is on (DGS or G1).
Gain Mode Absolute or relative
ERS Equivalent Reflector Size
DGS Subcurves Ref, ERS or dB

10.5 AWS
Users can evaluate discontinuities according to AWS D1.1 (American Welding Society). This evaluation
is based on signal amplitude comparison. The echo amplitude from a discontinuity is compared to the
echo amplitude of a known reflector. It is defined as an indication rating according to the code. Sound
attenuation in test part is also taken into account for evaluation.

10.5.1 Performing an AWS Calibration

Couple your probe with your standard block and try to maximise the echo from the reference reflector.
Depending on your range size and the sound path associated to your reflector, the refracted echo can
be located outside of the reference window. You can move the reference window (forward/backward)
through the A-Scan until it encompasses the echo, by just clicking on the touch panel. You can also
enlarge or reduce the window width by directly clicking on the window and then adjusting it according
to your needs.

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At this point, you do not need to be aware of echo amplitude (Gain level). You just need to make sure
that the echo corresponds to your reference reflector and maximise its amplitude. When the echo is
recorded, Wave automatically sets the Gain at 80% FSH by default. You can change the refence
amplitude to other values on Ref. Amplitude button based on your requirements. Since the reference
level is taken (dB level), it is no longer possible to make adjustments on the reference gain; however
users can still set the range. For calibration, echoes must reach the gate at a proper amplitude level.

Figure 46 – AWS calibration has been performed on this echo

View the following video for how to perform an AWS calibration

10.5.2 AWS Sizing Options

Once AWS is set and calibrated, the following sizing options are available in the AWS menu.

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Table 22 – AWS sizing options

Option Meaning
Transfer Loss The Transfer Loss is the gain (dB) to compensate for the difference of
attenuation between a reference standard and the part to be inspected.
AWS C Rounded It allows users to choose the rounding method for the C parameter (0.1 or
1 dB precision).

The AWS C rounded parameter is a material attenuation factor. It is expressed in terms of dB. It relates
the sound attenuation. It can assume positive or negative values depending on sound path length (in
inches). These values can be rounded to the unit or decimal according to customer needs.

10.6 API
Users are able to perform discontinuity evaluation according to American Petroleum Institute (API)
Recommended Practice for Ultrasonic Evaluation of Pipe Imperfections by using the Amplitude
Distance Differential Method (ADDM), also known as API Recommended Practice 5UE.

This evaluation method is a combination of amplitude comparison and a 6 dB drop in echo amplitude
to determine the radial depth of a discontinuity. It assumes that radial depth of a discontinuity affects
either the amplitude of the received echo signal and the differential time of flight of the incident
ultrasonic wave as it passes through the discontinuity.

10.6.1 Perform an API Calibration

To perform calibration, you must have a calibration block with a reference reflector such as a notch
or a side-drilled hole. Couple your probe with your standard block and try to maximise the echo from
the reference reflector. Depending on your range size and the sound path associated to your reflector,
the refracted echo can be located outside of the reference window. You can move the reference
window (forward/backward) through the A-Scan until it encompass the echo by just clicking on the
touch panel. You can also enlarge or reduce the window width by directly clicking on the window and
then adjusting it according to your needs. At that point, amplitude echo must show a value between
5%FSH and 100%FSH, and a proper gain setting may take place, if necessary. You must also set the dr
(the reference reflector diameter) to perform calibration. When the gate is correctly placed, and the
echo amplitude reaches the appropriate value, press Calibrate. Wave will automatically calculate the
API k factor (a derived factor for calculating depth). Set the trigger (Gate or API) and then go to the
measurements bar to set which values will be displayed in the top of the screen.

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Figure 47 – API K factor calculated after the calibration

View the following video for how to perform an API calibration

10.6.2 API Sizing Option

To calibrate the API, only one sizing option is available.
Table 23 – API sizing option

Option Meaning
Transfer Loss The transfer loss is the gain to compensate the difference of attenuation
between a reference standard and the part to be inspected

10.7 T-log
The method to log thickness data, the T-log (also known as Thickness logging), enables users to log
several thickness measurements in a table. These values are colour-coded based on different
thresholds (Min Threshold, Max Threshold, Tolerance).

The T-log is built using a wizard. The first step enables users to define the grid. The second step allows
users to record thickness measurements.

10.7.1 Parameter descriptions

The following table describes the grid’s parameters.

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Table 24 – Grid parameters

Button Choices Action

Grid Width 1 to 200 cells Determines the width of the grid.
Grid Height 1 to 200 cells Determines the height of the grid.
Min Threshold Depends on the Determines the cell’s colour
selected
measurement
Max Depends on the Determines the cell’s colour
Threshold selected
measurement
Tolerance Depends on the Determines the cell’s colour
selected
measurement

The following table describes the parameters with respect to data acquisition.
Table 25 – Data acquisition parameters

Button Choices Action

Store No option Save the first measurement in the measurement bar from the
available left-hand side
Increment Right Down, Left How to move in the grid
Order Down,
Right Up, Left Up,
Down Right,
Down Left
T-min On or Off This keeps a record of the first minimum value (using the left-
hand side of the measurement bar, this mode will only be
used on the first measurement).
Reset T-min No option Enables users to reset the T-min value
available
Clear No option Deletes all values in the grid. Important: You need to perform
available a long press to activate the button.
Save to CSV No option To save the grid in .csv format as well as other measurements
available in the measurement bar.

As indicated in Table 22, the measurement that will be logged in the grid is the first one in the
measurement bar from the left-hand side.

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Measurement that
will be saved in the
grid

Figure 48 – The first measurement that is saved in the grid

10.7.2 Colour Palette

A cell can have up to six colour palettes. The following table features the colours based on the Wave’s
contrasts. The extreme values of each colour are identified.

Table 26 – Colour palette for the T-log

Normal contrast High contrast Bornes

[𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 + 𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒]

[𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑, 𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 + 𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒]

[𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑, 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑]

[𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑, 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 + 𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒]

[𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 + 𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒]

No logged valued

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10.7.3 T-min function

The T-min function is available to users when conducting thickness measurements. To
activate/deactivate this function, the user needs to click on the T-Min button, as shown in the figure

below. The symbol is added to the measurement field at the top of the screen in order to highlight
to the user that the T-Min function is enabled.

Figure 49 – T-Min function is enabled

This function allows users to set the minimum thickness value as a reference while taking
measurements, depending on the values previously established for minimum threshold, maximum
threshold, and tolerance (mm / in /%).

Once the T-Min function is enabled, a new button is also enabled, the Reset T-Min. This button allows
users to reset a new reference value for the minimum thickness, starting from the active cell. Once
activated, all measures taken after enabling this function will be taken as a reference for the minimum
thickness, which represents the new value established.

This function can be very interesting for users when they perform measurements with significant
variations in thickness. It allows you to perform all the necessary measurements without the need to
save them in separate files.

10.7.4 CSV Files

Users can export all stored values to a .csv file. All they need to do is click on Save to CSV button. Wave
will then automatically generate four .csv files. Each file will include one of the measurements
recorded in the data table. The names of the files will be automatically generated with the time stamp,
the name of the application used to record the measurements, and an indicative at the end that
related to each type of measurement (M1, M2, M3 and M4).

To access the files, users must connect to the device through the Wave Companion software. Once
connected, they will be able to select the desired files and transfer them to their computers. View the
figure below for more details.

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Figure 50 – Companion interface that shows stored CSV files in the instrument

The headers and the measurement relative to each file will be present at the top of the file's data
table. Values will be shown in the table as a function of measurements taken by users and the table
size (columns x lines). View the details in the figures below.

Figure 51 – Automated generated CSV files

Figure 52 – Example of a CSV file

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11 Settings
Wave settings are available by clicking the gear wheel located in the top right corner of the Home
screen.

Figure 53 - Access to the Settings via the Home screen

11.1 General
The General includes three sub-menus, which include the brightness, contrast, and date and time.

Figure 54 –The General sub-menus

11.1.1 Brightness
You can change the brightness of the screen by moving your finger on the slider.

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11.1.2 High Contrast

Users can toggle between two contrasts. The High contrast is useful when Wave is used outside.

Figure 55 – Normal contrast (black background) versus high contrast (white contrast)

11.1.3 Date and Time

Users can automatically or manually choose the date and time. To automatically configure the date
and time settings, users must be connected to the Internet.

11.2 Language
You can choose the language of the instrument from the list of available languages. The changes are
done automatically. In short, the instrument does not need to be rebooted.

11.3 Network
The device can be connected to a network either by a wire of by Wi-Fi.

Figure 56 – Network

11.3.1 Wired Network Connection

In order to connect Wave to an Ethernet wire, you must use a USB-C/Ethernet adapter.

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Figure 57 – USB-C/Ethernet adapter plugged into Wave USB-C connector

IMPORTANT: Properly connect the USB-C/Ethernet adapter into Wave USB-C

connector. This reduces the risk of damaging the connector pins.

No matter how Wave is connected to a network (wire or Wi-Fi), an IP address will be assigned to the
device. In the case of a wire connection, the IP address is visible in the Network section, under the
Instrument Name.

Figure 58 – The IP address of a Wave unit when it is connected to a network via a wire

In addition, an icon, which represents a wired network connection, will appear at the top upper right-
hand corner, next to Time.

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Figure 59 – Icon when the device is connected to network via a wire

11.3.2 Network Connection via Wi-Fi

In order to connect Wave to Wi-Fi, toggle the Wi-Fi button.

Figure 60 – Network connection via Wi-Fi

The available networks are displayed. Some icons may appear next to a Wi-Fi network:

• A lock indicates it is a private network. A password is required.

• A Wi-Fi icon indicates the network’s signal strength.

Private network

Public network

Figure 61 – Example of private and public Wi-Fi networks

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By clicking on a private network, a window will open in order to enter the password.

Figure 62 – A password is required for a private network

Once the Wave is connected to Wi-Fi, an IP address is assigned to it.

NOTE: If the Wave is connected to a network by a wire and Wi-Fi at the same
time, the wire network will take precedence over the Wi-Fi network.

11.4 About
This section gives you some basic information about your Wave, like the date of the Last Calibration,
the Software Version, the Firmware Version and the Serial Number.

11.5 Legal
Wave was designed to be ultrasonic inspection equipment. It has been extensively tested before
leaving the manufacturer. However, operating software may experience untoward issues.

The instrument must be used only for industrial applications and material testing. Any other use than
that prescribed in this manual is strictly prohibited.

If you face any operating issues, please contact Sonatest’s customer service or our nearest
representative in your home country.

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12 Updates
IMPORTANT: Wave must be connected to the Internet to be able to update.

The Software Update is available by clicking on the circular arrows displayed on the Home screen.

Software Update

Figure 63 – Home screen with Software Update menu

The Software Update screen allows the user to update the device via the Internet. If an update is
available, the user will be able to click on the Update button. Release notes are available for each
update.

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13 Menus and Parameters Reference

Cal Signal Signal (continued)

● Velocity ● Rectification ○ 4.5 MHz narrow

● Probe Zero ○ Full ○ 4.5 MHz wide
● Range ○ +Half ○ 5 MHz narrow
● Delay ○ -Haft ○ 5 MHz wide
● Set Ref. Gain ○ RF ○ 7.5 MHz narrow
● Ref. Amplitude ● Avg Factor ○ 7.5 MHz wide
● Auto Cal ○ Disable ○ 10 MHz narrow
○ 2 ○ 10 MHz wide
○ 4 ○ 15 MHz narrow
○ 8 ○ 20 MHz narrow
○ 16 ○ 20 MHz wide
○ 32 ○ Broadband low
● Filter ○ Broadband high
○ 0.5 MHz narrow ● Reject Level
○ 0.5 MHz wide ● Reject Type
○ 1 MHz narrow ○ None
○ 1 MHz wide ○ Suppressive
○ 1.25 MHz narrow ○ Linear
○ 1.25 MHz wide ● Ref. A-Scan
○ 2 MHz narrow ○ Hold
○ 2 MHz wide ○ Reset
○ 2.25 MHz narrow ● Envelope
○ 2.25 MHz wide ○ Off
○ 3.5 MHz narrow ○ Peak
○ 3.5 MHz wide ○ Trail
○ 4 MHz narrow ● Reset Envelope

○ 4 MHz wide

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TX/RX Sizing Sizing (continued)

● RX Mode ● DAC ● Nb of DAC Curves

○ Pitch-Catch ● TCG ○ 0

○ Pulse-Echo ● DGS ○ 1
○ 2
○ Through ● API
Transmission ○ 3
● AWS
● Voltage ● DAC Curve 1
● DAC to TCG
○ 100 V ● DAC Curve 2
● T-Log
○ 150 V ● DAC Curve 3
Sizing Options
○ 200 V ● AWS C Rounded
● Transfer Loss
○ 0.1
○ 250 V
● DAC Trigger ○ 1
○ 300 V
○ DAC ● ERS
○ 350 V
○ G1 ● Gain Mode
○ 400 V
○ 0 dB ○ Relative
○ 450V
● Gain Mode ○ Absolute
○ 500V
○ Relative ● DGS Trigger
● Pulse Type
○ Absolute ○ DGS
○ Spike
● Split DAC Enabled ○ G1
○ Square ● DGS Sub curves
○ Yes
● Frequency ○ Ref.
○ No
● PRF ○ dB
● TCG Visible
○ ERS
○ Yes
● Nb of DGS Curves
○ No
○ 0
● DAC Sub curves
○ 1
○ DAC ○ 2
○ JIS ○ 3
○ -2/-6/-10 ● DGS Curve 1
○ -6/-14 ● DGS Curve 2
○ Custom ● DGS Curve 3
● ERS Curve 1
● ERS Curve 2
● ERS Curve 3

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Part Probe

Part menu item is a wizard in fact. See section 8 for ● Probe Model
more details.
○ Probe Selection
● Angle
● X-offset
● Wedge Velocity
● Probe Zero
● Frequency
● Probe Width
● Probe Height
● Probe Type
○ Mono Circular
○ Mono Rectangular
○ Dual Crystal

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Display Display (continued) Alarms

● Units ● Ruler Mode ● Alarm 1 Enabled

○ SI ○ Distance ○ Yes
○ Imperial ○ Time ○ No
● Line Appearance ● Overlay Mode ● Alarm 1 Source
○ Thin ○ None ○ G1
○ Thick ○ Line ○ G2
○ Filled ○ Band ○ G3
● Trail Speed ● Grid Type ○ G4
○ Slow ○ None ○ DAC
○ Medium ○ Plain ○ DGS
○ Fast ○ Dash ○ not G1
● Trail Duration ○ Dot ○ G1 and G2
● Rulers ○ Cross ○ G1 or G2
○ None ● Grid Alignment
○ Horizontal ○ Fixed
○ Vertical ○ Aligned
○ Both

Alarms (continued) Alarms (continued) Alarms (continued)

● Alarm 2 Enabled ● Alarm 3 Enabled ● Alarm 4 Enabled

○ Yes ○ Yes ○ Yes
○ No ○ No ○ No
● Alarm 2 Source ● Alarm 3 Source ● Alarm 4 Source
○ G1 ○ G1 ○ G1
○ G2 ○ G2 ○ G2
○ G3 ○ G3 ○ G3
○ G4 ○ G4 ○ G4
○ DAC ○ DAC ○ DAC
○ DGS ○ DGS ○ DGS
○ not G2 ○ not G3 ○ not G4
○ G1 and G2 ○ G3 and G4 ○ G3 and G4
○ G1 or G2 ○ G3 or G4 ○ G3 or G4

Alarms (continued) Alarms (continued)

● Alarm 1 GPO ● Alarm 3 GPO

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○ None ○ None
○ 0 ○ 0
○ 1 ○ 1
○ 2 ○ 2
○ 3 ○ 3
● Alarm 2 GPO ● Alarm 4 GPO
○ None ○ None
○ 0 ○ 0
○ 1 ○ 1
○ 2 ○ 2
○ 3 ○ 3

Gate 1 Gate 2 Gate 3

● G1 Enabled ● G2 Enabled ● G3 Enabled

○ Yes ○ Yes ○ Yes
○ No ○ No ○ No
● G1 Start ● G2 Start ● G3 Start
● G1 Width ● G2 Width ● G3 Width
● G1 Level ● G2 Level ● G3 Level
● G1 Polarity ● G2 Polarity ● G3 Polarity
○ Absolute ○ Absolute ○ Absolute
○ Positive ○ Positive ○ Positive
○ Negative ○ Negative ○ Negative
● G2 Adaptive Triggering
○ On
○ Off
● G2 Blanking

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Gate 4 Scan Plan

● G4 Enabled ● Beam Exit Point

○ Yes ● Probe Distance
○ No ● Rulers
● G4 Start ○ Both
● G4 Width ○ None
● G4 Level ● Grid Type
● G4 Polarity ○ None
○ Absolute ○ Plain
○ Positive ○ Cross
○ Negative ● Weld Visible
● G2 Adaptive Triggering ○ Yes
○ On ○ No
○ Off
● Signal Visible
● G2 Blanking
○ Yes
○ No
● Distance Visible
○ Yes
○ No

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14 Wave Companion
Wave Companion is the desktop application that accompanies Wave. It offers an environment in
which dedicated applications can be designed and uploaded to Wave units as well as a way to
download files.

NOTE: For more information about Wave Companion, please refer to the Wave
Companion User Guide.

14.1 Connect Wave to the Wave Companion

In order to take advantage of all the features available in Wave Companion, the unit and application
must be connected to the same network. Please refer to section 11.3 to learn how to connect Wave
to a network.

14.2 Version Compatibility

Here is some important information regarding the compatibility between different application
versions, Wave and Wave Companion:

• Wave Companion can manage several applications that are based on the current version or
older versions. However, these applications should not be corrupted.
• Wave Companion will transfer an application if its version is not as recent as the version of
Wave. Once exception is version 1.0.X of Wave Companion.
• When an application based on an old version is transferred to Wave, a clock icon will appear
on the application. This helps users distinguish old from current applications.

Figure 64 – Old application

• When Wave is updated, default applications (Default imperial, T-joint, Default, DGS, DAC and
DASH) are also updated. For all other applications, users must update them in Wave
Companion or leave them as is.

NOTE: The numbers of the application versions are accessible in Wave

Companion.

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15 Quality Assurance
Wave was designed to meet and to surpass several international standards. All Wave units are tested
for quality assurance before delivery to customers.

The following list shows the standards that Wave has been tested for:

• EN 12668
• EN 61326-1
• FCC Part 15
• ICES 003
• CISPR11
• IEC 61000-4

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16 Maintenance
Wave requires basically no maintenance, only a few procedures for cleaning.

Do not leave the equipment close to electromagnetic sources because it may lead to electronic
interference. Likewise, keep it away from carpets that can provide electrostatic shocks.

To clean the instrument and its accessories use a soft cloth and ordinary liquid soap. Try to clean Wave
as often as possible to avoid any accumulation of dust, oil, grease, or couplant. Special attention needs
to be given to the battery door. Make sure the battery door gasket is properly clean and free of
particles.

IMPORTANT: Do not use any methyl alcohol or solvents for dye penetrant to
clean the equipment. It may damage some parts or brittle plastic components.

16.1 Temperatures
Wave’s operating temperatures (when the fan is working) are from -10°C to 45°C (14°F to 113°F).

16.2 Screen
For the Wave screen, we recommend the following advice:
● Do not use an abrasive cloth or brush to clean the screen.
● Do not use a sharp object to point functions on the screens.
● Do not leave or store the unit where the screen will be directly exposed to sunlight for a long
period of time.

16.3 Connectors
We strongly recommend users to protect all connectors to avoid contact with dust, oil, grease, and
water. All connectors come with a rubber cover which just needs to be put back in the right place
when the connector is not in use.

This procedure will avoid major damages to connectors and further issues related to pin corrosion.

16.4 Battery and Power Supply

Use and charge only the specified Sonatest battery pack with Wave. Using third-party or counterfeit
battery packs may cause fire, smoke, or make the battery burst.

Do not use the battery if it has been severely impacted or dropped, or if the battery has been exposed
to heavy pressure. Some damage may not be visible on the outside of the case, thus the cells inside
the battery may rupture or catch fire.

Do not expose the battery to seawater, rain, snow, drop in water or any other liquids. Do not charge
or use a wet battery. If the battery gets wet, make sure to wipe it dry before using.

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If the equipment is going to be stored for more than 30 continuous days with no utilisation, we
recommend fully recharging the battery, no matter of the battery level. This procedure will avoid
premature mortality of the battery.

The approximate level of remaining battery life is shown on the top right corner display by the battery
icon and the percentage level. When the battery indicator is down to one-quarter full, charge the
battery as soon as possible.

NOTE: The instrument automatically shuts off when the battery is too weak for
reliable operations. However, current settings are saved and then restored when the
instrument is turned on. For long work journeys on remote locations or if you are
unable to have access to main power supply, always carry a spare battery.

When the AC adapter is connected to the instrument, the battery icon indicates a percentage of full
charge of the battery. If the AC adapter is not connected to the instrument when removing the battery
to install a spare, the instrument will automatically turn off. However, if the adapter is connected, the
instrument will remain on.

16.5 USB-C Connector

Users can recharge electronic devices with the USB-C connector available, but it may affect the
durability of the battery.

16.6 Travelling
When travelling, Wave should be placed in its transportation case to avoid any major damages and
mechanical impacts.

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17 Additional Resources
17.1 Probes
Before operating the Wave, connect it to a probe. Probes can be connected to sockets on the top of
the instrument. Make sure to use appropriate cables and to properly connect them to the probes.
Otherwise, it may lead to considerable power losses or to echo waveform perturbation.

Wave can either work with single or double element probes. Single element probes need to be
connected to the proper socket as indicated on the following picture.

TX/RX

RX
Expansion

GPIO

Figure 65 – Connectors and the expansion

17.2 Accessories
IMPORTANT: It is recommended that the instrument should be switched off, or at
least the pulser stopped, for the probe installation. If the Wave is not turned off, you
may cause some damage to the electronic circuits.

For options availability and quotations, please get in touch with one of our distributors.

17.3 Sonatest Website

For further information and additional support, please visit the Sonatest website: www.sonatest.com

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18 Warranty and Disclaimers

18.1 Warranty
Sonatest Limited guarantees your Sonatest Limited product to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship for 1 year.

The Sonatest warranty only covers equipment that has been used in a proper manner, as described in
this document and that has not been subjected to excessive abuse, attempted unauthorised repairs,
or modification.

Inspect materials thoroughly on reception for evidence of external or internal damage that might have
occurred during shipment. Immediately notify the carrier making the delivery of any damage, since
the carrier is normally liable for damage during shipment. Retain packing materials, waybills, and other
shipping documentation needed in order to file a damage claim. After notifying the carrier, contact
Sonatest Limited for assistance with the damage claim and equipment replacement if necessary.

18.2 Disclaimer of Liability

All statements, technical information and recommendations contained in this manual or any other
information supplied by Sonatest Limited in connection with the use, features and qualifications of
the Wave are based on tests believed to be reliable, but the accuracy or completeness thereof is not
guaranteed. Before using the product, you should determine its suitability for your intended use based
on your knowledge of ultrasonic testing and the characteristics of materials. You bear all risks in
connection with the use of the product. You are reminded that all warranties as to merchantability
and fitness for purpose are excluded from the contract under which the product and this manual have
been supplied to you. The Seller’s only obligation in this respect is to replace such quantity of the
product proved to be defective.

Neither the seller nor the manufacturer shall be liable either in contract or in tort for any direct or
indirect loss or damage (whether for loss of profit or otherwise), costs, expenses or other claims for
consequential or indirect compensation whatsoever (and whether caused by the negligence of the
company, its employees or agents or otherwise).

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19 Troubleshooting
19.1 Battery
Wave does not start when press I press the power-on button.

● Make sure the battery is fully charged and connected to the Wave.
● If the battery is flat or not fully charged, connect the charger which came with the unit.
● Remove and reinsert the battery then try to turning Wave on again.
● If the above does not work send it back for repairs.

My battery life is very short despite having charged it for 3-4 hours.

● When you received the unit for the first time, it is strongly recommended to complete a full
charge and discharge cycle.
● If possible, try charging the battery with another certified charger.
● If you do not have a spare charger, try with another battery. If the battery life is longer, the
battery is faulty.

19.2 USB-C Connector

Which USB-C adapter should I use?

● Have a look at the Sonatest website (sonatest.com) to see all the adapters compatible with
Wave.

Can I use an USB-C adapter which is not in the adapter list?

● Yes. However Sonatest does not guarantee the compatibility of the adapter.

19.3 System Status

Where can I get access to the system status?

• By long pressing on the battery icon.

19.4 Hard Shutdown

Wave is not responding. Everything seems to be frozen.

• Make sure you did not click the Freeze button or double-clicked the power-on to lock the
screen.
• If nothing is working with Wave, you can do a hard shutdown by long pressing and holding the
power-on button for 10 seconds. This action should be considered as a last resort.

19.5 Application
I have transferred an application and it is not working.

• Make sure you have not transferred a corrupted application. A corrupted application features
a logo with a crossed-out circle. You cannot open this application. You must replace the
application with one that is not corrupted or simply deleted the corrupted application.

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Figure 66 – A corrupted application

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20 Glossary
α (degree): Bevel angle α

β (degree): Bevel angle β

Angle (degree): Angle of the ultrasound beam exiting the probe

API: American Petroleum Institute

AWS: American welding Society

DAC: Distance amplitude gain

Delay (mm or in): Offset of the left side of A-scan.

DGS: Distance gain size. Also known as AVG in German

ERS (mm or in): Equivalent reflector size

f (mm or in): Root face

First peak: The highest value between the first two gate crossing (full positive flank and full negative
flank), the first gate crossing being the flank.

Flank: The first positive flank to cross the gate (the first value higher than the gate threshold that
crosses the gate).

L1 (mm or in): Length of the left-side fillet weld

L2 (mm or in): Length of the right-side fillet weld

Lw1 (mm or in): Effective throat of the left-side fillet weld

Lw2 (mm or in): Effective throat of the right-side fillet weld

Overlay mode: Skip overlay mode

Peak: The highest value inside the gate.

PED (mm or in): Probe effective diameter

PRF: Pulse repetition frequency

Probe zero (μs): Time which the sound spends in the wedge.

R (mm or in): Root opening

r1 (mm or in): Groove radius #1

r2 (mm or in): Groove radius #2

Reference amplitude (%FSH): Reference amplitude for sensitivity calibrations.

Reject type: Signal rejection criteria. It removes noise from the A-Scan.

RX Mode: Pulsing Mode

S1 (mm or in): Weld depth of the bevel #1

S2 (mm or in): Weld depth of the bevel #2

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TCG: Time corrected gain

Transfer loss (dB): dB loss due to surface conditions, poor coupling etc.

X-Offset (mm or in): Distance between the front of the probe and the exit point.

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