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Extension Teaching Methods

Teaching method of extension

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49 views

Extension Teaching Methods

Teaching method of extension

Uploaded by

mohdfaishal8077
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Extension teaching methods-definition, meaning, functions, selection

and classification

Meaning and Definition

A method is a way of doing something, an orderly arrangement of a set of procedures.


Thus it involves a sequence of progressive steps in an orderly and logical regularity in order
to accomplish some task or purpose.

An extension teaching method may, then, be defined as a sequence of progressive


steps, undertaken to create situations that are conducive to effective learning.

According to Leagans (1961), extension teaching methods are the devices used to
create situations in which communication can take place between an instructor and that
learner.

As Ensminger (1957) said, before an extension worker can become efficient in the use
of methods, he must know what methods are available, when to use a given method, and
become effective in using each.

Extension teaching methods may be defined as devices used to create situations in


which new information can pass freely between the extension worker and the farming
communities.

The extension-teaching methods can also be defined as the tools and techniques used
to create situations in which communication can take place between the rural people and the
extension workers.

They are the methods of extending new knowledge and skills to the rural people by
drawing their attention towards them, arousing their interest and helping them to have a
successful experience of the new practice It is the function of the extension worker to use the
extension methods which provide opportunities for rural people to learn and which stimulate
mental and physical activities among the people. For extension workers to be successful they
must be proficient in technical knowledge and educational process and must also have the
right attitude towards rural people.

However, normally no extension worker has ability to use all methods with equal
skill. Further, there is no one method that is best for all situations alike and hence calls for
different method (s). It is also obvious that no one method can reach all the audience.
Behavioural changes required on the part of the learners may also require several exposures
with the same, different or a combination of methods. Research bears ample evidence to
suggest that a combination of methods or media-mix is required for effective technology
transfer.

An effective learning situation requires the following essential elements:

1. An instructor (an extension worker, e.g. an extension officer or a village-


level worker)
2. Learners (the farmers, the processors, the farm women and the youth).
3. Subject-matter (the recommended improved practices, such as the seeds
of high-yielding varieties, fertiliser, balanced diet, etc.)
4. Teaching material, such as a flannel-board, a black-board, charts, models,
samples, slides, film strips, etc.
5. Physical facilities, such as sitting accommodation, good visibility, etc.

Functions

∑ The following are the functions of extension teaching methods:


∑ To provide communication so that the learner may see, hear and do the things to be
learnt.
∑ To provide stimulation that causes the desired mental and or physical action on the
part of the learner.
∑ To take the learner through one or more steps of teaching-learning process, viz.
attention, interest, desire, conviction, action and satisfaction

CLASSIFICATION

Wilson and Gallup (1955) classified extension teaching methods according to


their use and form. Bains (1987) attempted to classify them according to their use, form,
stages of learning process, stages of adoption process, categories of adopters, initial cost
involved, cost per unit of results obtained, skill required in using them, time consumed in
using them and according to behavioural changes intended. However, most of these
classifications are only of academic interest. The most widely used as well as useful
classification of extension teaching methods is according to use.

Classification of Extension Teaching Methods according to use

S.No Individual Contact Group Contact Mass Contact


1. Farm and home visits Result demonstration Farm publications
2. Farmer's call Method demonstration Mass meeting
3. Personal letter Group meeting Campaign
4. Telephone call Small group training Exhibition
5. Adaptive trial Field day Newspaper
6 Study tour Radio
7 Television
8 Posters

Another classification of extension teaching methods which is very common in extension


publications is according to their form

S.No Written Spoken Visual Spoken and Visual


1 Bulletins Meetings Result Method demonstration
demonstrations
2 Leaflets Farm and home Exhibits Result demonstrations
visit
3 Personal letters Office calls Posters Television

4 Circular letters Radio and Charts Movies


recordings

5 Farm journals Telephone calls Slides Puppets

6 Film strips Campaigns

7 Flash cards

8 Flannel graphs

9 Bulletin boards

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