Scribd
Upload
4 views

Intro To IE

Uploaded by

rafiuzzama shaik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Intro To IE

Uploaded by

rafiuzzama shaik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Industrial Engineering

Course Code: MEE308


Dr M Vijaya Kumar
Associate Professor
VIT University Vellore
Definition

• Industrial and systems engineering is concerned with the design,


improvement and installation of integrated systems of people,
materials, information, equipment and energy. It draws upon
specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and
social sciences together with the principles and methods of
engineering analysis and design, to specify, predict, and evaluate the
results to be obtained from such systems.
--- IISE
Broad Areas
What we do?
Significant Events in IE
Significant Events in IE

• Division of labor (Smith, 1776)


• Standardized parts (Whitney, 1800)
• Scientific management (Taylor, 1881)
• Coordinated assembly line (Ford 1913)
• Gantt charts (Gantt, 1916)
• Motion study (the Gilbreths, 1922) © 1995 Corel Corp.
© 1995 Corel Corp.

• Quality control (Shewhart, 1924)


• CPM/PERT (Dupont, 1957)
• MRP (Orlicky, 1960)
• CAD
• Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)
© 1995
• Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) Corel Corp.

© 1995 Corel Corp.


Application areas of IE
Communities in ISE

• Institute of Industrial Engineers

• International Association of Engineers


Some Journals of ISE/IIE

• International Journal for Production Research (Taylor & Francis)


• Internation Journal of Systems Science (Taylor & Francis),
• Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (Springer),
• IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems
• Neuro Computing (Taylor and Francis),
• Journal of Decision Support System
• Sadhana- Acedemy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences (Springer)
• Journal of Manufacturing Systems (ELSEVIER)
• Soft Computing, Springer.
• Journal of Computational & Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (JCARME)
• Production planning and control
• International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
Productivity

Very simply,

Productivity = Output
Input

For any type of organization

Definition: Productivity is the relationship between the outputs


generated from a system and the inputs that are used to create those
outputs.
Basic Definitions of Productivity Measure
Partial Productivity Measure
Partial Productivity is the ratio of output to one class of input.
Labour productivity = output / labour input

Total-factor Productivity Measure

Total-factor Productivity is the ratio of net output to sum of associated labour and captial (factor) inputs.
total-factor productivity = net output / (labour and capital input)

Total Productivity Measure


Total Productivity is the ratio of total output to the sum of all input factors.
Total productivity = total output / total input

Both the output and input(s) are expressed in real or physical terms by being reduced to constant rupees of a reference
period (base period).
12
Example for productivity measure

For a company XYZ, the total inputs and outputs have been converted in to money value and are
given below. calculate total productivity and partial productivity for different categories of inputs.
• Material input= Rs 20,000
• Human input= Rs 30,000
• Energy input= Rs 10,000
• Capital input= Rs 3,00,000
• Miscellaneous input= Rs 50,000
• Total output = Rs 5,00,000
Total productivity = total output/ total input
= 5,00,000/4,10,000 =1.219

Partial productivities

Material productivity = total output/ material input


= 5,00,000/20,000 =25

Human productivity= total output/human input


= 5,00,000/30,000=16.66

Energy productivity = total output/energy input


= 5,00,000/10,000=50
Example
Nurses in Unit A worked collectively a total of 25 hours to treat a patient who stayed 5 days, and
nurses in Unit B worked a total of 16 hours to treat a patient who stayed 4 days. Calculate
which of the two similar hospital nursing units is more productive.

Solution:
First, define the inputs and the outputs for the analysis. Is the proper measure of inputs the number of
nurses or of hours worked? In this case the definition of the input would be total nursing hours. When the
total number of nursing hours worked per nurse is used as the input measure, then the productivity
measures for the two units are:

Chapter 9: Quantitatve Methods in Health


Care Management Yasar A. Ozcan
Solution

Total Hours 25
Hours per patient day HPPD A   5
Patient Days 5

Total Hours 16
HPPD B   4
Patient Days 4
COMMON MISUSE OF THE TERM PRODUCTIVITY

XYZ electronic company produced 10000 calculators by employing 50 people at 8 hours/day for 25 days.

Production = 10000 calculators


Productivity (of labour) = output / labour input
= 10,000/ (50x8x25=10,000)
= 1 calculator per man-hours

This company increased its production to 12000 calculators by hiring 10 additional workers at 8 hours/day
for 25 days.

Production = 12000 calculators


Productivity (of labour) = 1 calculator per man-hours
Production is concerned with the activity of producing goods and/or services.
An increased production does not necessarily mean increased productivity
Productivity Wall?

• Quality is difficult to measure, and its definition


is ambiguous

• The relationships between quantity of care


provided and quality are often uncertain
Many people confuse. . .

The concepts of productivity, efficiency, and


effectiveness.
Efficiency
• Measures the resources expected to be consumed to the resources actually consumed.
• Hence, it focuses on the input side of the system. (To what degree did the system
utilize the “right” things.)

Effectiveness
• Measures what the system sets out to accomplish (objective) with what was actually
accomplished; plan vs. actual
• Hence, effectiveness is an output measure. (Is the output “right” - right quality, right
quantity, on time, etc.)
Factors Affecting Productivity (1 of 3)

 Standardization
 Technology
 Use of Internet, fax machines, e-mail, computerized billing, software
 Searching for lost or misplaced items
 Scrap rates
 Labor turnover, layoffs, new workers
 Safety
 Bottlenecks
Factors Affecting Productivity (2 of 3)
Methods
Design of the workspace
Incentive plans that reward productivity
Capacity utilization
Location
Methods Quality
Layout
Inventory
Scheduling Technology Management
Factors Affecting Productivity (3 of 3)

Shortage of IT workers and other technical workers


Equipment breakdowns
Part and material shortages
Inadequate investment in training & education of the employees
References

• WWW. GOOGLE.COM
• http://www.iienet2.org
• Buffa E.S., (2009), Modern Production / Operational Management,
John Wiley & Sons.
• Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers, Robert Johnston., (2010)Operation
Management, Pearson
• R. Danreid & Sanders, (2009), Operations Management, John Wiley &
Sons.
• Panneerselvam. R. (2006), Production/Operations Management,
Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd.

You might also like