Converting units of Length, Area and Volume

Length

Area

1. Convert the following metric lengths by completing these equations.

a) 76 cm = mm b) 0.63 cm= mm
c) 35 m = cm d) 548 cm = mm
e) 0.097 m = cm f) 0.0137 km = m
g) 1.2 cm = mm h) 4580 m = km
i) 6488 mm = cm j) 0.0084 km= m

Q2. Convert:
a) 860 cm to m b) 345 mm to m c)25 900 m to km

d) 80 000 cm to km e) 3200 m to km f) 904 cm to mm

Area
Q3. Use the diagram above to help you convert:
a) 5 m2 to cm2 b) 9 ha to m2 c) 7.5 cm2 to mm2
d) 2.9 km2 to m2 e) 16.7 km2 to ha f) 4000 cm2 to m2
g) 76 200 m2 to ha h) 930 000 m2 to km2 i) 260 000 mm2 to m2
j) 12 m2 to cm2 k) 4.5 ha to m2 l) 3.8 cm2 to mm2
m) 64 000 m2 to ha n) 3000000 m2 to km2 o) 85 000 mm2 to m2

Q4. Convert the following area measurements by completing these equations.

a) 13 400 m2 = km2 b) 0.04 cm2 = mm2

c) 3 500 000 cm2 = m2 d) 0.005 m2 = cm2
e) 0.043 km2 = m2 f) 200 mm2 = cm2

Volume

Volume

Q5. Convert:
a) 1 m3 to cm3 b) 1 cm3 to mm3 c) 1 cm3 to mm3 d) 1 m3 to mm3

e) 13.5 cm3 to mm3 f) 24 m3 to cm3 g) 10.2 cm3 to mm3 h) 55 m3 to cm3

i) 7000 mm3 to cm3 j) 3200 000 cm3 to m3 k) 940 mm3 to cm3 l) 126 000000 cm3 to m3

m) 5430 mm3 to cm3 n) 63 000 cm3 to m3 o) 18000 mm3 to m3

 Area of a shape
 The area of a shape is a measure of the amount of surface enclosed by that shape.
 A formula can be used to calculate the area of simple shapes.

Q1. Find the area of each of the rectangles below.

Q2.Find the area of each of these triangles

Q3.What
area of
plastic
sheet

would be
needed to
make 12
of the
‘talking
rectangle’ signs with the dimensions 43 cm and 30 cm.
 Area of parallelogram
Area = base × height = bh

Area of trapezium, rhombus or kite

 Trapezium Rhombus or kite

Q1. Find the area of each of the following trapeziums.

Q2. Find the area of each of the following rhombuses.

Q3. Find the area of each of the following kites.

Features of a circle
– Diameter (d) is the distance across the centre of a circle.
– Radius (r) is the distance from the centre to the circle.
Note d = 2r.
Circumference (C) is the distance around a circle.
C = 2πr or C = πd
Pi (π) ≈ 3.14159 (correct to five decimal places)
22
– Common approximations include 3.14 and
7

Do the following exercise:

1.Name the features of the circle as shown.

2 a) Find the diameter of a circle if its radius is:

i) 5 m ii) 11 cm iii) 2.3 mm

b) Find the radius of a circle if its diameter is:

i) 12 cm ii) 31 mm iii) 0.42 m

Area of a circle:
The area of a circle is given by the formula A = πr2.
– The diameter is twice the radius: d = 2r

■ A half circle is called a semicircle.

 1 2
A= πr
2

■ A quarter circle is called a quadrant.

1 2
A= πr
4

1. Write the rule for:

a) the circumference of a circle.

b) the area of a circle.

2. Use a calculator to evaluate these to two decimal places.

a) π × 52

b) π × 132

c) π × 3.12

d) π × 9.82

3. What fraction of full circle is shown here?

4. What is the length of the radius in these shapes?

Example: Finding Area of a circle using a radius.

5. Find the area of these circles correct to two decimal places.

6. Find the area of these circles, correct to two decimal places. (First work out the radius)

7. Find the area of the circle inside these shapes. Round to two decimal places.

8. A pizza tray has a diameter of 30 cm. Calculate its area to the nearest whole number of cm 2.

9. A tree trunk is cut to show a circular cross-section of radius 60 cm. Is the area of the cross-section more
than 1 m2 and, if so, by how much? Round your answer to the nearest whole number of cm2.

10. Find the area of these quadrants and semicircles correct to two decimal places.
11. Two circular plates have radii 12 cm and 13 cm. Find the difference in their area correct to two decimal
places.

12. A square of side length 10 cm has a hole in the middle. The diameter of the hole is 5 cm. What is the
area remaining? Round the answer to the nearest whole number.

13. Find the areas of the shaded region of these composite shapes using addition or subtraction. Round the
answer to two decimal places.

Surface Area of a Cube, Rectangular Prisms and Triangular prism

 The surface area of a cube of length l is given by the formula.

Cube

Surface Area of a cube = 6l2

 The surface area of a rectangular prism of length l, breadth b and height h is given by the formula.
Rectangular Prism

Surface Area of a rectangular prism = 2(lb + bh + lh)

Example1. Find the surface areas of the solids shown below.

b)a)

length l= 10cm l= 3m, b= 2m, h = 1.5m

Surface Area = 6l2 Surface Area = 2(lb + bh + lh)

= 6 × 102 = 2(3×2 + 2×1.5 + 3×1.5)

Q1. Find the surface areas of the solids shown below.

Surface Area of a triangular prism

Surface Area = area of two triangles + Area of three Rectangles

Example1. Find the surface area of this triangular prism.

a) b)

Surface Area of a triangular prism Surface Area of a triangular prism

= area of two triangles + Area of three Rectangles = area of two triangles + Area of
three Rectangles
1 1
= 2 ×6 ×4 × 2 + 20 ×5 + 20 ×5 +20 ×6 = 2 ×8 ×5.1 × 2 + 14 ×7.2 + 14
×5.1 +9.1 ×14
= 344 cm2 = 340.4 cm2

Q1. Find the surface area of this triangular prism.

Q2. Find the surface area of this triangular prism.

Q3. What area of cardboard would be needed to construct a box to pack this prism assuming that no overlap
occurs?
Q4. A glass water tank for display purposes is a triangular prism with the dimensions shown below.
What area of glass is required to construct the tank?

Surface Area of Cylinders

Example1. Find the surface area of the solids shown below.

Solution:

Radius r = 21cm
Height h = 30cm
SA= 2πr2 + 2πrh

= 2×π × 212 + 2×π × 21 × 30

 =

Q1. Find the surface area of the solids shown below.

Volume: The amount of three-dimensional space in an object.

■ Volume of a rectangular prism –

Volume = length × width × height

V = lwh

■ Volume of a cube V = l 3

Example: Find the volume of this rectangular prism.

Solution:

V = lwh = 6 × 4 × 2 = 48 m3
1. Find the volume of these rectangular prisms.

Volume of prisms

We know that for a rectangular prism, its volume V is given by the rule V = l×w×h. Length × width (lw)
gives the number of cubes on the base, but it also tells us the area of the base A. So V = lwh could also be
written as V = Ah.

The rule V = Ah can also be applied to prisms that have different shapes as their bases.

https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/prisms.html

Try to draw prisms that have the following shapes as their cross-sections.

• Rectangle • Triangle • Trapezium

• Pentagon • Parallelogram • Kite

The cross-section of a prism should be the same size and shape along the entire length of the prism. Check
this property on your drawings.

■ A prism is a solid with a constant (uniform) cross-section.

– Its sides between the two congruent ends are parallelograms.

– A right prism has rectangular sides between the congruent ends.

■ Volume of a prism = Area of cross-section × perpendicular height or V = Ah

Do the following exercise:

1.What is the shape of the cross-section in these prisms (shaded)?

2 What is the area of the shaded cross-sections in question 1?

3 For these solids below:

i state whether or not it is a prism.

ii if it is a prism, state the shape of its cross-section.

Example: Find the volume of this prism using V = Ah.

Solution:

V = Ah = 10 × 3 = 30 cm3

4 Find the volume of these solids using V = Ah

Example: Find the volume of this prism.

Solution:

1
A= bh
2

1
= × 4 × 2 = 4 m2
2

V = Ah

=4×8

= 32 m3
5 Find the volume of these prisms.

6 A rectangular drain pipe has a cross-sectional area of 4 m2 and is 10 m long. Find its volume.

7 These solids have cross-sections which are parallelograms, trapeziums, rhombuses or kites. Find their
volume.
8 A swimming pool is a prism with a cross-section that is a trapezium. The pool is being filled at a rate of
1000 litres per hour.

a) Find the capacity of the pool in litres.

b) How long will it take to fill the pool?

Although a cylinder is not a prism, the volume of a cylinder can be calculated using

V = Ah where A = πr2 so V = πr 2h.

9.Find the volume of these cylinders. Round the answer to two decimal places.

Example: Finding the capacity of a cylinder

Find the capacity, in litres, of a cylinder with radius 30 cm and height 90 cm. Round to the nearest litre.

V = πr2h
= π × (30)2 × 90
= 81 000π
= 254 469.004 … cm3 (1 cm3 = 1 mL)
= 254 469.004 … mL
= 254.469 … L (1L= 1000mL)
= 254 L (nearest litre)

10. Find the capacity, in litres, of each of these cylinders. Round to the nearest litre.

11. A cylindrical storage drum has a radius of 0.5 m and a height of 2 m.

a) Find its volume, in m3, correct to three decimal places.
b) Find its volume, in L, correct to the nearest litre (1 m3 = 1000 L).

12. Which has a greater capacity: a 10 cm by 10 cm by 10 cm cube or a cylinder with radius 6 cm

and height 10 cm?

13. A cylindrical water tank has a radius of 2 m and a height of 2 m.

a) Find its capacity, in m3, rounded to three decimal places.
b) Find its capacity, in L, rounded to the nearest litre.

14. How many litres of gas can a tanker carry if its tank is cylindrical with a 2 m diameter and is 12 m in
length? Round to the nearest litre.

15. Draw a cylinder with its circumference equal to its height. Try to draw it to scale.

16. Find the volumes of these cylindrical portions, correct to two decimal places.