ENG 102: Art Appreciation

Module 5: Elements and Principles of Visual Arts | Mediums and

Techniques of Painting

Week 6: October 4-9, 2021 |1st Semester, S.Y. 2021-2022

Introduction

Behind an artist’s craft is an interweave of elements and principles. The artist may
manipulate the elements and apply the principles of art to produce a unique
expression of his thoughts and feelings. On the other hand, the elements and
principles may be observed and analyzed by the viewers so they could understand
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the artist’s perspective.

In this module, you will identify the various elements and principles of visual arts
so you will know how to comprehend art based on the artist’s decisions of the
elements s/he incorporated, and how s/he has portrayed the elements and
principles to express effectively his/her artwork’s meaning and context.

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

• Define elements and principles of art;

• Identify the elements of visual arts;
• Recognize the principles of visual arts, and
• Exhibit the elements and principles of visual arts.

Elements vs. Principles

Before we talk about the core concepts of this module, it is important that we know the
differences between an element and a principle in relation to arts.

When we talk about elements, we are talking of the basic components that make up the
artwork. Elements are observable parts of the artwork, particularly with visual arts, which are
directly seen by the eyes or directly felt by the sense of touch.

On the other hand, the principles are the rules that the artist follow or defy from. Principles
cannot be seen immediately, rather have to be reflected upon, because these are decisions
that the artist has made so s/he could achieve what is ought to be exhibited or portrayed in
the work.

Take the artwork above as an example—The Great Wave of Kanagawa by Katsushika

Hokusai. One element we could pick out from this whole image is the lines that make the
wave. However, the lines are curved, in which, by principle, means change and fluidity. This
 is the reason why the artist incorporated the line element and at the same time chose to
have the lines curved so he could portray rightfully the nature of the wave.

In the world of arts, elements and principles go hand in hand, in fact, they cannot be
separated because most often than we know, principles drive the artist to manipulate the
elements s/he incorporates in his/her creative process however he/she may choose to. The
elements serve as the tangible and concrete expressions of artistic choices.

The Visual Art Elements and their Underlying Principles

.
Element #1: Line
Lines are used to control where they eyes will lead and focus or are used to delineate
shapes and indicate texture whether it is rough, smooth, thin, or thick. Lines are important
because they indicate movements and directions.
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• Horizontal line- expresses serenity, rest, stability in general

• Vertical line- implies growth, authority, confidence, and poise
• Diagonal line- growth, pursuit, persistence, dynamism
• Curved line- connotes change, direction, movement, femininity, uncertainty, grace
• Jagged line- expresses erraticism, anxiety, turmoil, inconsistency

Let us observe the line element on this painting of a ballerina by Kovalenko.

Element #2: Shape

Shapes are two-dimensional, flat elements that are generally enclosed spaces. Shapes
in art can be used to control how the viewer perceives a piece. There are two major
classifications of shape which are the organic and the geometric shapes.

Organic shapes are those with a natural look and a flowing and curving appearance.
They are typically irregular or asymmetrical and are associated with things from the natural
world, like plants and animals. On the other hand, geometric shapes are circles, rectangles,
squares, triangles and so on, that have the clear edges one achieves when using tools to
create them. Most geometric shapes are easily measurable.
 Shapes actually tell us which belongs to nature and what is man-made because we
recognize them from what is around us.

Element #3: Form

Form connotes something that is three-dimensional and encloses volume, having length,
width, and height, versus shape, which is two-dimensional, or flat. A form is a shape in three
dimensions, and, like shapes, can be geometric or organic.
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Element #4: Color

Color is the element of art that involves light. It is produced when light waves strike an
object and are reflected into our eyes. It consists of three properties: hue, intensity, and value.

Hue simply refers to the name that is given to a color, such as red, yellow, blue, purple,
green, orange, etc. On the other hand, intensity (or saturation) refers to the purity or
dullness of a color. Purity is determined by whether or not a color has been mixed with
another color and if so, to what degree. Colors straight from the tube are considered the
most intense. Those mixed with other colors are considered less intense. There are two
methods that can be used to dull the intensity of a color: 1) Mix the color with gray, and 2)
Mix the color with its complement. Lastly, value is the lightness or darkness of a color. A color’s
value changes when white or black is added. Adding white creates a “tint” of that color and
adding black creates a “shade”.

Using color effectively in the creation of art involves understanding three basic areas:
the color wheel, color value, and color schemes or as it is also referred to, color harmony.
The Color Wheel

Basic Color Wheel

The color wheel (sometimes called a color circle) is a handy tool often used by artists and
interior decorators as a visual aid in understanding the relationship between colors. It was
developed in 1666 by Sir Isaac Newton when he took the color spectrum and bent it into a
circle. The color wheel is a circular chart divided into 12 sections with each sector showing a
different color. It is made up of three different types of colors – primary, secondary, and
tertiary. The term “tertiary” means third, by the way.

Primary colors are red, yellow, and blue. These colors are equally distanced apart on the
color wheel. There only three primary colors and they are the most basic colors on the wheel.
They cannot be created by mixing any other colors together and can only be derived
through natural pigments. All other colors found on the color wheel can be mixed from these
three basic colors.
 Secondary colors are orange, green and purple (or violet). These colors are created from
mixing equal parts of any two primary colors together.

Red + yellow = orange

Yellow + blue = green
Blue + red = violet (purple)
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Tertiary colors are red-purple, red-orange, blue-green, blue-purple, yellow-green, and

yellow-orange. There are six tertiary colors and they are the result from mixing equal parts of
a primary color with a secondary color. The proper way to refer to tertiary colors is by listing
the primary color first and then the secondary color. That’s why tertiary colors are referred to
by a two word name.

Red + violet (purple) = red-violet (red-purple)

Red + orange = red-orange
Blue + green = blue-green
Blue + violet (purple) = blue-violet (blue-purple)
Yellow + orange = yellow-orange
Yellow + green = yellow-green

Element #5: Texture

Texture refers to the surface quality in a work of art. We associate textures with the way
that things look or feel. Everything has some type of texture. We describe things as being
rough, smooth, silky, shiny, fuzzy and so on.

Texture is experienced in two ways — with touch (tactile) and with our eyes (visually). Fine
artists often use texture in the following ways to:

• create a focal point

• add interest
• provide contrast
• visually balance their compositions

Texture is essential in paintings to make objects appear to be real. Even in abstract

paintings texture can serve to enhance the viewers experience by suggesting certain feelings
or mood regarding the artwork. Texture can also serve to organize and unify various areas of
a composition.
COURSE MODULE

Texture can either add to or take away from the overall effect of the composition. When
it is used haphazardly or in the wrong way, it can confuse or clutter the painting. However,
when used with deliberate skill, texture will bring a composition together creating the illusion
of realism and adding unity.

Element #6: Space

Space refers to the distance between or the area around and within shapes, forms, colors
and lines. Space can be positive or negative. It includes the background, foreground and
middle ground. Both positive and negative space can play important roles in the overall
success of a work of art. By understanding the difference between the two, you will:

• Become better at designing unified compositions.

• Be more successful in visually communicating your story.
• Gain important clues about the meaning of an art piece.

There are two types of space that exist within art — positive space and negative space.
Positive space is the actual objects or shapes within an artwork and negative space is the
space around and between those objects. A good way to demonstrate positive and
negative space is by utilizing Rubin’s vase. (Refer to illustration.) As you can see the vase
occupies what would be referred to as positive space and the space surrounding the vase is
negative space. Notice how the negative space is forming silhouettes of two faces in profile.

Positive Space

Positive space is the area or part of the composition that an object or subject occupies.
It is usually the main focus of the painting, such as a vase of flowers, fruit, or candle in a still
life, a person’s face in a portrait, or an animal in a wild life painting, or a building, trees and
 hills in a landscape. When used skillfully, positive space will add interest by enhancing and
balancing the negative space in a composition.

Negative Space

Negative space is that empty or open space that surrounds an object. It helps to define
the object, gives it some breathing room to prevent the painting from being too crowded
and has a huge impact on how the art piece is perceived.

An interesting thing about negative space is it can be used to prompt viewers to seek
out subtle hidden images within the negative space causing your design to get more
attention and to be remembered while other less interesting works aren’t.

Why is negative space so important?

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• It can add interest and is an excellent way to draw attention to your works of art. A
good balance between great negative space and intrigue will cause the viewer to
desire more time looking at your work of art.
• It can draw the viewer in giving them a sense of inclusion because they discovered
a subtle hidden message or image in the composition. Even though it may be a
simple composition, great negative space reveals there is more to the piece than
first meets the eye making it a more rewarding experience for the viewer.
• It gives the eye a “place to rest,” thereby adding to the subtle appeal of the
composition. The equal amounts of both negative and positive is considered by
many to be good design.

Element #7: Value

Value is a basic element of art that refers to the gradual change of lightness or darkness
of a color. It is created when a light source shines upon an object creating highlights, form
shadows and cast shadows.

Value is most evident on the gray scale where black is represented as lowest or darkest
and white is represented as the highest or lightest value. Or more simply said, they are the
various shades of grey between white and black. Artists us them to create highlights and
shadows (shading) in objects and create depth in their paintings or drawings.

Colors can have value too. In painting, value changes can be achieved by adding either
black or white to the chosen color. Some colors, like yellow and orange, are naturally light in
value.

The Mediums and Techniques

Mediums refer to materials used in the work of art. For instance, in painting one
could use pigments; with sculpture and architecture, it could be from wood and
stone; and for music, it would be for sound and for dance body movement.

While technique on the other hand refers to the ability of the artist to make his
medium work for him or her to produce effects for his or her artwork that he or she
would like to attain. Hence, technique is what actually differentiates an artisan
and an artist.

Painting Mediums

It is the process of applying pigment on a smooth surface securing interesting

arrangements of forms, lines and colors. It is the most popular medium used. The
following are the various kinds of painting mediums used.
 1. Encaustic was the oldest painting medium that is made from bee’s wax and
resin. It is also one of the mediums applied to Egyptian coffins to provide its
colorful and shiny textures.
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Art and the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt: An anthropoid shaped wooded coffin for
“the Servant of the Great Place,” from about 1339-1308 B.C.

https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/12/arts/design/12ancient.html

2. Tempera is another example of the oldest painting. It is made of earth or

mineral pigments mixed with egg yolks and egg white. Tempera painting is
mostly applied in wood panel and dries quickly. Since it dries quickly,
corrections are difficult to make.

Panel painting or mixed painting is a method of painting where egg in

tempera is used to build up volume, then glazed with oil paints mixed with
resin, thus producing a jewel-like effect. Many altarpieces are made from
panel painting.

Tempera on Wood (1367) Panel/Mixed Painting: Ghent Altarpieces (1432)

Nicole Semitecolo Van Jan Eyke

3. Fresco is the application of earth pigments mixed with water on a plaster wall
while the plaster is damp. Color sinks into the surface and becomes an
integral part of the wall. The image becomes permanently fixed. Sistine
Chapel by Michaelangelo best illustrates this.

Sistine Chapel
Michaelangelo
Created: 1508-1512
 The Asians also came up with its own version of Fresco. The Fresco Secco or a
secco or fresco finto is a wall painting technique where pigments mixed with
an organic binder and/or lime applied onto a dry plaster as form of art.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/).

Sittanavasal is a small hamlet in

Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu,
India. The Sittanavasal Cave is a Jain
monastery of the 7th century.

The painting themes depict a

beautiful lotus pond and flowers,
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people collecting lotuses from the

pond, two dancing figures, lilies, fish,
geese, buffaloes and elephants.

https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/
fresco-secco.html

4. Water Color is tempered paint made of pure ground pigment bound with
gum Arabic. Gouache is a material in the paint in which the pigment has
been mixed with chalk like material making the painting opaque.

Jedburgh Abbey from the River

Thomas Girtin
1798

5. Oil is a very flexible medium made of thick pigment that requires the
application of turpentine or any solvent before application. It is slow to dry,
and it can be worked over a long period of time. When it dries, it forms a
tough, glossy film on the surface. Three dimensional characters called
Impasto, a technique used in oil, can be created by dabbing lumps of thick
paint on the canvas with a knife.

Seascape Lake Water Ocean Shoreline Impasto Oil Painting

Justin Gaffrey https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/119063983873886323/
 6. Acrylic is a synthetic paint used as binder. It is the newest medium and the
ones that are widely used by today’s painters. It has quick drying characters
of watercolor and flexible oil. It is insoluble when dry and can be used in all
surfaces. It can be applied thinly with a water-dipped brush or laid on in thick
impastos with knife. It does not crack, turn yellow or darken with age.

Spray paint is an art form utilizing spray paint and performed on poster board
or wood or even food like cake. Graffiti is of the examples to this.
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Ranting (2012) Graffiti Wall Painting

Roby Dwi Antono https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/graffiti-wall-painting-21708048355.html
Acrylic on canvas

7. Mosaic is related to painting only because it creates pictures on flat surface.

It is a wall or floor decorations made of small cubes or irregularly cut pieces of
colored stones or glass called Tesserae(i.e. small pieces of glass or materials
like stones fitted together to form a pattern glued on a surface with plaster or
paint). It was an important feature of Byzantine churches. Its purpose is to
inspire and for religious intentions. However, now, it is aesthetically used as
part of architecture and landscape.

Photograph taken by Caelin Niehoff at Tessarae Mosaic

Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos; Fethiye Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/374572893987756277/

8. Stained Glass is an artwork that creates pictures on a flat surface with the use
of glass cut into small pieces. It is an important part of Gothic Cathedral. Since
it allows light, it livens the place. It provided a means of religious instructions.
It depicts scenes from the Bible and from the lives of the saints.
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Immaculate Concepcion Gothic Cathedral’s Stained Glass Windows

Ryan Aristotle A. Carreon (2003) Photograph by David Broome
Stained Glass at Xavier University Chapel Nidarosdomen, Trondheim, Norway

9. Tapestry is fabrics into which colored designs have been woven. It added
colors to the drab interiors. It also served to retain in the room whatever heat
was generated from the fireplace. Now tapestry is added to the features of
every home to provide privacy and provide illusion of space to the rooms and
spaces.

Yakan Tapestry Boho Hanging Tapestry Fabric

10. Drawing is the most fundamental of all skills needed in the arts. The pencil, a
medium used in drawing, is used for preliminary sketches, shades and
shadows. One of the oldest materials also still used today is ink. Examples of
these are the following: sepia, a dark-brown ink coming from the ink sac of
the squid or cattle fish; bistre, a gray brown ink made from the soot produced
by burning some resinous wood; and Chinese ink, a solid thick dissolved in
water before use (i.e. a mixture of soot and animal glue).

Pastel and Chalk, a drawing medium made of dry pigment held together with
gum binder and compressed into sticks. Crayons are also another familiar
drawing medium made of pigments bounded by wax and compressed into
sticks. It is popularly used not only by children but also by adults as preparatory
or basic experience in coloring.

Charcoal is another drawing medium that comes from a burned twig or piece
of wood. It is useful in representing broad masses of light and shadow. A soft
charcoal produces a dark surface. The hardest charcoal produces lightest,
greyest ones.

Silver Point is a pointed instrument or a silver wire drawn over a sheet of paper
prepared beforehand with zinc white. It was popular during the Renaissance
but not in general use today. Sometimes a feather is attached or added to it
for precision and control.
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Chalk Pastel Art Painting Charcoal Painting: Peyton (2020) Silver Point Painting
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/317926054943916377/ https://shanemcdonaldstudios.com/portrait-art-children.html https://www.norinekevolic.com/2013/06/the-art-of-silverpoint/

11. Velvet Painting is another variation of painting that emerged with the use of
black or any color of velvet cloth or textile as in support for paper, silk or any
materials as its canvas. The velvet provides especially dark background
against which colors stand brightly.
Velvet Paintings
https://www.quora.com/What-are-black-velvet-paintings

Techniques in Painting

The use of techniques in painting provides an illusion of depth, colors and

meaning to the work. It adds mystery, clarity and conceptual meaning to an
artist’s work of art.

Wet-on-wet Technique. It is a painting technique in which layers of wet paint are

applied to previous layers of wet paint. It is a technique that requires a fast way
of working because the art work has to be finished before the first layers have
dried. The following paintings are well-known for wet-on-wet technique in water
color.

Frans Hals (1645)

Portrait of Jan Six (1654)
Jasper Schade
Rembrandt Van Rijn
Van Westrum

Chiaroscuro Technique. This is characterized by strong difference between light

and dark. It is usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. It is also a
technical term used by artists and art historians for using contrasts of light to
achieve a sense of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects such as the
human body. Chiaroscuro lighting was developed by Leonardo Davinci,
Caravaggio, Vermeer, and Rembrandt.
 Girl with a Pearl Earring (1665)
Johannes Vermeer
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Sfumato Technique. The word sfumato means “smoky” and is derived from the
Italian word fumo meaning “smoke”. In the painting Mona Lisa, Da Vinci used this
technique to create perceptions of depth, volume and form. He described
sfumato as “without lines or borders” in the manner of smoke or beyond focus
plane. As a painting technique, it refers to the Italian term which overlays
translucent layers of color to create depth, volume and form.

Mona Lisa (1505 -1510)

Leonardo da Vinci
Oil on Panel with Sfumato Technique

Repoussoir Technique. It conditions where an object along the right or left

foreground directs the viewer’s eye into the composition by bracketing edge. It
is a French verb which roughly translates “to push back”. This technique puts a
figure or objects in the extreme foreground and uses it as a contrast in order to
increase the illusion of depth and focus our attention on the main subject.

Coronation of Napoleon
Jacque Louis David

Jacque Louis David used the strategy “people gazing” in the Coronation of
Napoleon, where viewers of the painting quickly become part of the audience.
Notice also how the people closest to the foreground are thrown into dark
shadow. That’s a second repoussoir method (http://bit.do/repoussoirtechnique).

Print Making
 The origin of print making started as early as 3500 BCE in Persia and
Mesopotamian civilizations. Cylinder seals were used to certify documents that
were written in clay. Other early forms of print making also include block seals,
pottery imprints and even clothing.

Print making is a graphic image created as a result from a duplicating process,

wherein each print considers as an original work. The following are the four major
processes:

(1) Relief printing involves cutting away from a block of wood or linoleum the
portions of the designs the artist does not want to show. The art of carving
wood or wood cut is called xylography.
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http://www.artoftheprint.info/relief.html https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/271130840037333904/

(2) Intaglio printing is wherein the image or design is scratched, engraved or

etched into a small metal plate. The incised line or depressed area is filled with
ink, which under considerable pressure leaves a sharp impression on damp
paper.

http://bit.do/intaglioprinting https://www.artintaglio.in/intaglioprint.jsp

(3) Lithography is a planographic process that makes use of immiscibility of water

and grease. Ink is applied to a grease treated image on the flat printing
surface. Then the blank image that is moist repels the lithographic ink. Most
books, all types of high-volume text, are now printed using offset lithography.
Offset printing is a common used printing technique where the inked image
is transferred or “offset” from a plate to a rubber blanket to the printing
surface.
http://bit.do/offsetprinting

(4) Screen printing is also known as “screen printing”, “silk-screening”, or

“serigraphy” which creates bold color using a stencil technique. It is arguably
the oldest form of graphic arts. It is a printing technique that uses a woven
 mesh to support an ink blocking stencil. The squeegee is used to spread the
ink across the screen, over the stencil, and through the open mesh onto the
paper and materials.
Squeegee sample

T-shirt printing using a squeegee

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Other Print Making Process

The following are the other forms of print making that we also used today.

Engraving is one of the most lightly skilled methods of incising lines into a hard
surface. Historically, lithic flakes or a special sharp stone is used for engraving until
Hugo Grotius, a well-known artist famous for engraving who suffered from a
carpal tunnel syndrome, a medical condition that causes numbness and pain as
well as discomfort in the hand, introduced the burin, a tool he designed to enable
him to continue his work.

Burins

https://www.thoughtful-impressions.com/information/engraving-suggestions https://art-design-glossary.musabi.ac.jp/burin/

Sand Painting is also referred to as dry painting. It is the art of pouring colored
sands onto a surface to make a painting. These are often ritual paintings for
religious or healing ceremonies.

The Sacred Art of Navajo Sand Painting

Native American people of the Southwestern United States

http://bit.do/sandpaintingnavajo http://bit.do/colorsandpainting

Photography is literally drawing or writing with light. The camera is used to capture
the images and recorded in a film or negative in the old days. These are the steps:
(1) choosing the subject; (2) mechanical process with the use of a camera; and
(3) chemical process on the development of the film with the use of negative.
 From the Google images: Films, negatives and dark room to develop pictures

However, with the age of technologies, cellphones now have built in cameras.
Instead of using films and negatives, the photos are now printed through a
computer called digital prints.
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Digital Prints refer to editions of images created with a computer using drawings,
other prints, photographs, light pen and tablet, and so on. Digital images can
now be printed on desktop-printer paper and transferred to traditional art papers.
Even these images can turn into 3-D printing!

Foil Imaging by Virginia Myers is a printmaking technique made using the Iowa
Foil from the commercial foil stamping process. This used gold leaf and acrylic foil
in the printmaking process.

Virginia Myers
1927 - 2015

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/201465783306441180/

Trompe-lóeil (Tarpaulin) came from the French word meaning “trick the
eye”. It is a new and unique art technique that is used and involved in
creating extremely realistic imagery in order to create the optical illusion
that depicts three-dimensional objects instead of actual two-dimensional
painting.

This was also used and employed by Donald O’Connor in his famous
musical as “Running up the wall” scene in the film “Singing in the Rain”.

Singing in the Rain (Movie)

Tarpaulin used as backdrop/
part of the setting

https://www.pinterest.ph/wizg
omez/singing-in-the-rain/
 The process of making fine art prints from a digital source using ink-jet printing is
called Gicle while a picture or image or series of images or pictures that represent
a continuous scene is called cyclorama.
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Cyclorama Backdrop
https://enacademic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/776700

Even though tarpaulins are famous nowadays, it is an advocacy to limit its usage
because it is made up of plastic that is harmful to the environment. Therefore, if it
would not be recyclable, we are encouraged to make use of other mediums,
techniques and printing options to save the only place we live in.

Supplementary Materials

The supplementary materials are provided to deepen your understanding on

what have been presented in this module. It is not necessary to complete this in
one sitting, but you could always go back to explore more the world of mediums,
techniques and printing used in the past and present.

• National Museum of the Philippines Virtual Exhibition

In this section, you are about to enrich your knowledge about paintings by exploring the
various paintings virtually.

The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) is promoting the British Council in the
Philippines regarding the "Together Apart – Art world voices that connect us now, a
new and exciting virtual exhibition and learning resource." This is a new and exciting
virtual exhibition in partnership with the National Museum of the Philippines.
Together Apart serves as an archive of the campaign through Platform, which aimed
to show unity with the global art world at the beginning of the pandemic earlier this
year. The exhibit is available for online public viewing from 19 August to 19 November
2020.

Let us visit the virtual exhibition here!

How can you participate?

1. Visit the exhibition Together Apart (press CTRL found on your keyboard + point the
cursor to this hyperlink and if you could already see the hand, click it).

Click this to visit the virtual exhibit.

 You may now begin the exhibit.

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Click < > to proceed in order to see the whole exhibit.

Sample paintings in the exhibit…

2. Don’t forget to sign their guestbook by clicking this hyperlink.

• Mediums and Techniques

The following are very short videos and helpful links that you could watch at
your most convenient time to give you an idea how these mediums and
techniques come to life.

Encaustic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS4xTlFZlcY
Tempera: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIueunmWQjs
Fresco: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cej4Ggq5nQI
Water Color: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCu7QfeZpPg
Oil: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PahP1JZb79Q
Acrylic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slTDzDDWYTw
Mosaic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvX1vorZgF4
Stained Glass: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DizlMDqVshg
Tapestry: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjpCch3dbAM
Drawing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_853jdOgaCQ
Velvet Painting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktB-MsPJYPo

Wet-on-Wet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZC-78LUmoQ
Chiaroscuro: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2yA47eyj9Q
Sfumato: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFy9qs3Ls-g
 Repoussoir: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5E6aTzId7Q

• Print Making and Other Print Making Process

The following are very short videos and helpful links that you could watch
during your spare time to catch a glimpse on how these various ways of print
making and other print making processes could be done.

Relief printing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIwypc8ekCA

Intaglio printing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xLdprHxMqI
Lithography: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNZb7CXUjs0
Screen printing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIVK9w324WA
Engraving: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqG7iFR5Og8
COURSE MODULE

Sand painting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cH97VAM0KAw

Photography: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O31OZgnCoAw
Digital prints: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-Auj6z08vY
Foil imaging: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyfaCRPsU8g
Tarpaulin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSozScf4hsk

For your Activity, Quiz, and PIT, kindly ask your Art Appreciation instructor for further
instructions.

Photo Appropriation: My Own Version

I came up with this idea…

The Scream The Ice Cream

Edvard Isaac Pimentel
Munch Photography
20” x 16” Marcos Bridge,
Oil, Tampera, Cagayan de Oro
Pastel & City
Crayon March 11, 2020
on Card
Board
1893

The following rubric from iRubric will serve as the basis of your grade. It is used
as a guide and a set of criteria in grading an output. This would also help you
to meet the expectations in grading this alternative quiz.

Please feel free to ask if you have some clarifications.

Tip! Target the Proficient Level because that is the highest score.

Concept of Art (x3) (5) = 15

Craftsmanship/Skill (x3) (5) = 15
Composition (x2) (5) = 10
Total 50
COURSE MODULE

References

Sonsona, et al. (n.d.) Art Appreciation: Perception and Expression. PanAsia Book
Exchange Inc. Philippines.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-on-wet

http://bit.do/repoussoirtechnique