MATHEMATICS

MATERIAL FOR GRADE 12

Trigonometry

QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1

In the diagram below, ABC is an isosceles triangle. D lies on BC.

AB= 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

AD= 𝐷𝐶 = 𝑏 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝐵̂ = 𝜃.

a a
b

𝜃
B C
D b
1.1 ̂ C in terms of 𝜃.
Determine, without reasons, the size of A𝐷 (2)

1.2 Prove that:

𝑎2
cos 2𝜃 = −1
2𝑏 2
(4)

1.3 Hence, determine the value of 𝜃 if 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = 2

(Rounded off to two decimal digits.) (3)

[9]
QUESTION 2

Simplify the following without using a calculator.

2.1 cos 56° cos 26° + cos 146° sin(−26°) (4)

tan(180  x) cos(360  x) (6)

sin( x  180) cos(90  x)  cos(720  x) cos( x)
2.2

cos 2 x  cos2 x  3 sin 2 x 1

Prove the identity :  (5)
2.3 2  2 sin x
2
cos2 x

[15]
QUESTION 3

Consider the function f(x) = sin2x for x  [90 ; 90 ]

1
f

-90° -75° - 60° -45° -30° -15° 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° x

-1

-2

3.1 Write down the period of f. (1)

3.2 Sketch the graph of g ( x)  cos(x 15) for x [  90 ; 90 ] on the

diagram sheet provided for this sub-question. (5)

3.3 Solve the equation: sin 2 x  cos(x 15) for x [  90 ; 90 ] (7)

3.4 Find the values of x for which f(x) < g(x). (3)

[16]
QUESTION 4

4.1.1 Simplify the following expression to a single trigonometric function:

2 sin(180°+𝑥)sin(90°+𝑥)
(5)
𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥

4.1.2 For which value(s) of x, x∈ [0°; 360°] is the expression in 4.1 undefined? (3)
𝑐𝑜𝑠347°. 𝑠𝑖𝑛193°
4.2 Evaluate, without using a calculator: (5)
𝑡𝑎𝑛315° . 𝑐𝑜𝑠64°

𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
4.3 Prove the following identity: = 2cos2x−1 (5)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

[18]
 QUESTION 5

The graphs of f(x) = −2cosx and g(x) = sin(x +30°) for x 𝜖 [−90°; 180°] are drawn in the
diagram below.
y

-2cos(x)
1 Q
sin(x+30)

x
-90 -60 -30 30 60 90 120 150 180

g(x) = sin(x+30°)
P -1

-2 f(x) = -2cosx

5.1 Determine the period of g. (1)

5.2 Calculate the x-coordinates of P and Q, the points where f and g intersect. (7)

5.3 Determine the x-values, x 𝜖 [−90°; 180°], for which:

5.3.1 g(x) ≤ f(x) (3)

5.3.2 f ꞌ(x).g(x) > 0 [14]

QUESTION 6

AB is a vertical tower of p units high.

D and C are in the same horizontal plane as B, the foot of the tower.
The angle of elevation of A from D is x. B𝐷̂ 𝐶 = y and D𝐶̂ B = 𝜃.
The distance between D and C is k units.

6.1.1 Express p in terms of DB and x. (2)

𝑘𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
6.1.2 Hence prove that: p = (5)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

6.2 Find BC to the nearest meter if x = 51,7°, y = 62,5°, 𝑝 = 80 m and k = 95 m. (4)

[11]
QUESTION 7

In the diagram below, P (–15; m) is a point in the third quadrant and 17cos β + 15 = 0.

β
O x

.P (–15 ; m)

7.1 WITHOUT USING A CALCULATOR, determine the value of the following:

7.1.1 m (3)

7.1.2 sin β + tan β (3)

7.1.3 cos 2β (3)

7.2 Simplify:

sin(180  x). cos( x  180 ). tan(360  x)

sin(  x). cos(450  x) (7)

sin x  sin 2 x
7.3 Consider the identity:  tan x
1  cos x  cos 2 x
7.3.1 Prove the identity. (5)

7.3.2 Determine the values of x for which this identity is undefined. (4)
[25]
QUESTION 8

Consider: f(x) = cos 2x and g(x) = sin (x – 60°)

8.1 Use the grid provided to sketch the graphs of f and g for x  [90 ; 180]
on the same set of axes. Show clearly all the intercepts on the axes and the coordinates of
the turning points. (6)

8.2 Use your graphs to determine the value(s) of x for which g(x) > 0. (3)
[9]

QUESTION 9


In the diagram, ∆ABC is given with BC = 10 units, B = 30° and sin(B + C) = 0,8.

C
10 30°
B

Determine the length of AC, WITHOUT USING A CALCULATOR. [5]

QUESTION 10

10.1 If sin 31° = p, determine the following, without using a calculator, in terms of p:

10.1.1 sin 149° (2)

10.1.2 cos (–59°) (2)

10.1.3 cos 62° (2)

10.2 Simplify the following expression to a single trigonometric ratio:

tan(180    ). sin 2 (90    )  cos(  180 ). sin  (6)

sin 2 x  sin x
10.3 Consider:  tan x
cos 2 x  cos x  1

10.3.1 Prove the identity. (5)

10.3.2 Determine the values of x, where x  [180° ; 360°], for which the above
identity will be invalid. (2)
[19]
QUESTION 11

11.1 Determine the general solution of : sin (x + 30°) = cos 3x. (6)

11.2 In the diagram below, the graph of f (x) = sin (x + 30°) is drawn for the interval
x  [–30° ; 150°].

y
1
f

x
–30° 0° 30° 60° 90° 120° 150°

–1

11.2.1 On the same system of axes sketch the graph of g, where g(x) = cos 3x, (3)
for the interval x  [–30° ; 150°].

11.2.2 Write down the period of g. (1)

11.2.3 For which values of x will f ( x)  g ( x) in the interval x  (–30° ; 150°)? (3)
[13]
QUESTION 12

In the diagram below, A, B and C are in the same horizontal plane. P is a point
vertically above A. The angle of elevation from B to P is .
AĈB  β , AB̂C  θ and BC = 20 units.


B 

C
20

12.1 Write AP in terms of AB and . (2)

20 sin β tan α
12.2 Prove that AP  (3)
sin (θ  β)

12.3 Given that AB = AC, determine AP in terms of  and  in its simplest form. (3)
[8]
QUESTION 13

2
If 900 < A < 3600 and tan A = , determine without the use of a calculator.
3
13.1

13.1 sin A (3)

1

13.1. cos 2A – sin 2A (4)

2

13.2 Given that sin x = t, express the following in terms of t, without the use of
calculator.

13.2. cos (x – 900) (2)

1

13.2. sin 2x (3)

2

[12]
QUESTION 14

cos 2 208
Calculate without the use of a calculator:
tan118. sin 124
14.1 (6)

14.2 Calculate the general solution of 𝜃 where sin 𝜃 ≠ 0 and

1 − cos 2𝜃 = 8 sin 𝜃. sin 2𝜃 (6)

[12]
QUESTION 15

The graph of ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑎 tan 𝑥 ; for 𝑥 ∈ [−180°; 180°], 𝑥 ≠ −90°, is sketched below.

15.1 Determine the value of a. (2)

)

15.2 If 𝑓(𝑥) = cos(𝑥 + 45°), sketch the graph of f for 𝑥 ∈ [−180°; 180°], on the
diagram provided in your ANSWER BOOK. (4)

15.3 How many solutions does the equation ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) have in the
domain [−180°; 180°]?
(1)

[7]
QUESTION 16

Triangle PQS represents a certain area of a park. R is a point on line PS such that
QR divides the area of the park into two triangular parts, as shown below.
3𝑥
PQ = PR = 𝑥 units, RS = units and RQ = √3x units.
2

S Q
1 2
√3 𝑥
3𝑥
2 1 𝑥
2
R
𝑥

16.1 Calculate the size of ̂

P. (4)

16.2 Determine the area of triangle QRS in terms of x. (5)

[9]
QUESTION 17

17.1  
In the diagram below, P 2 3 ;  2 is a point in the Cartesian plane, with reflex angle
QÔP  α . Q is the point on the x – axis so that OP̂Q  90 o

O x
β Q

Calculate without measuring:

17.1.1 β . (3)

17.1.2 the length of OP. (2)

17.1.3 the co-ordinates of Q. (3)

17.2 If cos α  3 sin α  k sin α  β  .

Calculate the values of k and β . (5)

[13]
QUESTION 18

18.1 On the same system of axes, sketch the graphs of f (x) = 3 cos x and
1
g (x) = tan x for –180° ≤ x ≤ 360°. Clearly show the intercepts with the axes
2
and all turning points. (5)

Use the graphs in 18.1 to answer the following questions.

18.2 Determine the period of g. (1)

18.3 Determine the co-ordinates of the turning points of f on the given interval. (2)

18.4 For which values of x will both functions increase as x increases for –180° ≤ x ≤360°?
(2)

18.5 If the y–axis is moved 45o to the left, then write down the new equation of f
in the form y = ….. (1)
[11]
QUESTION 19

19.1 Determine the general solution of:

cos 54o. cos x + sin 54o. sin x = sin 2x (5)

19.2 ABCD is a trapezium with AD || BC, BÂD = 90o and BĈD  150 o .
CD is produced to E. F is point on AD such that BFE is a straight line, and CB̂E  α
.
The angle of elevation of E from A is θ , BC = x and CE = 18 – 3x.

18 – 3x
A θ
F D

 150o
B x C

AB cos θ
19.2.1 Show that: BE = (5)
sin α  θ 

9 3x 2
19.2.2 Show that the area of Δ BCE = x (3)
2 4

19.2.3 Determine, without the use of a calculator, the value of x for which the
area of ΔBCE will be maximum. (3)

19.2.4 Calculate the length of BE if x = 3. (3)

[19]
QUESTION 20

The graphs below represent the functions of f and g.

f(x) = sin2x and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑐sin𝑑𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [0°; 180°]

20.1 Determine the value(s) of x, for 𝑥 ∈ [0°; 180°] where:

20.1.1 𝑔(𝑥) – 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 (1)

20.1.2 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0 (2)

20.1.3 𝑔(𝑥). 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 (3)

20.2 𝑓 in the graph drawn above undergoes transformations to result in 𝑔 and h as given
below. Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑑 if

20.2.1 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑐sin𝑑𝑥 (2)

20.2.2 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑎cos(𝑥 − 𝑏) (2)

[10]
QUESTION 21

THIS QUESTION HAS TO BE ANSWERED WITHOUT THE USE OF A

CALCULATOR:
sin140°.tan(−315°)
21.1 Simplify fully: 6.1.1 (5)
cos230°.sin420°

sin15°.cos15°
6.1.2 (5)
cos(45°−𝑥)cos𝑥−sin(45°−𝑥)sin𝑥

21.2.1 Express cos 2 𝐴 in terms of cos2A (2)

√√3+2
21.2.2 Hence show that cos15° = (4)
2

21.3 Calculate 𝑥 when sin2𝑥 = cos(−3𝑥) for 𝑥 ∈ [−90°; 90°] (6)

[22]

QUESTION 22

Quadrilateral ABCD is drawn with AB = BC = 10cm, AC = 10√3 cm , CD = 19,27 cm and

̂ D = 74,47°.
CA

22.1 Calculate the size of ABˆ C . (3)

22.2 Determine whether ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. Justify your answer with the
necessary calculations and reasons. (5)
[8]
QUESTION 23
cos(180  x) . tan(360  x) . sin 2 (90  x)
23.1 Determine the value of  sin 2 x (6)
sin(180  x)

23.2 23.2.1 Prove the identity: cos (A – B) – cos (A + B) = 2sin A sin B (3)

23.2.2 Hence calculate, without using a calculator, the value of

cos 15° – cos 75° (4)

23.3 Find the value of tan θ, if the distance between A (cos θ; sin θ) and B (6; 7)
is 86. (4)
[17]

QUESTION 24

1
Consider : f(x) = cos(x – 45°) and g(x) = tan x for x [180 ; 180]
2

24.1 Use the grid provided to draw sketch graphs of f and g on the same set of axes
for x [180 ; 180] . Show clearly all the intercepts on the axes,
the coordinates of the turning points and the asymptotes. (6)

24.2 Use your graphs to answer the following questions for x [180 ; 180]

24.2.1 Write down the solutions of cos (x – 45°) = 0 (2)

24.2.2 Write down the equations of asymptote(s) of g. (2)

24.2.3 Write down the range of f. (1)

1
24.2.4 How many solutions exist for the equation cos(x – 45°) = tan x ? (1)
2

24.2.5 For what value(s) of x is f(x). g(x) > 0 (3)

[15]
QUESTION 25

In the diagram below, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral with DC = 6 units, AD = 10 units

 
A
A D C  100 and C A B  40 .
40°

10

D 100°
6 B

C
Calculate the following, correct to ONE decimal place:

25.1 The length of BC (6)

25.2 The area of ∆ABC (3)

[9]
QUESTION 26

26.1 If sin 34° = 𝑝, determine the value of each of the following in terms of 𝑝,
WITHOUT USING A CALCULATOR.

26.1.1 sin 214° (2)

26.1.2 cos 34° . cos(− 22°) + cos56°. sin 338° (4)

26.1.3 cos 68° (2)

26.2 Determine the value of each of the following expressions:

cos(90  2 ). sin 
26.2.1 (6)
sin (180   ). cos(720   )
2

1 1
26.2.2 2
 (4)
sin 2 x tan 2 2 x

[18]
QUESTION 27

In the diagram, the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = −sin 2𝑥 is drawn for the interval 𝑥 𝜖 [−90°; 180°].

y
1

x
-90° -60° -30° 0 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180°

-1

27.1 Draw the graph of 𝑔, where 𝑔(𝑥) = cos(𝑥 − 60°), on the same system of axes for
the interval 𝑥 𝜖 [−90°; 180°] in the ANSWER BOOK.
(3)

27.2 Determine the general solution of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥). (5)

27.3 Use your graphs to solve 𝑥 if 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 𝑔(𝑥) for 𝑥 𝜖 [−90°; 180°] (3)

27.4 If the graph of f is shifted 30° left, give the equation of the new graph which is
formed.
(2)

27.5 What transformation must the graph of g undergo to form the graph of h, where
h(x) = sin x?
(2)
QUESTION 28

In the diagram below, D, B and C are points in the same horizontal plane. AC is a vertical pole
and the length of the cable from D to the top of the pole, A, is 𝑝 meters. AC ⊥ CD. AD̂ C= θ ;

̂ B = (90° − 𝜃) and CB
DC ̂ D = 2𝜃.

90° − 𝜃

2𝜃
D B
28.1 Prove that:

p cos
BD 
2 sin  (5)

28.2 Calculate the height of the flagpole AC if  = 30° and 𝑝 = 3 meters. (2)

28.3 ̂ B = 70°
Calculate the length of the cable AB if it is further given that AD (5)

[12]