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ASSIGNMENT

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145 views8 pages

ASSIGNMENT

Uploaded by

Memphis Emma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURE AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

SC 442 ASSIGNMENT

NAME: MHOSOLE, EMMANUEL M


REG NO: 2019-04-07130
QN 1
A prestressed concrete pile of cross-section 250x250 mm contains 60 pre-tensioned wires
each of 2 mm diameter, uniformly distributed over the section. The wires are initially
tensioned on the prestressing bed with a total force of 300 kN. If Young’s modulus of
elasticity of steel and concrete is 210 and 32 GPa, respectively,
a) Calculate the respective stresses in steel and concrete immediately after the transfer of
prestress assuming that up to that point, only loss of stress is due to elastic deformation.
b) Calculate the respective stresses in steel and concrete if the concrete undergoes a further
shortening due to shrinkage of 200x10-6, while there is a relaxation of 5% of steel stress due
to creep, Assuming a creep coefficient of 1.6.
c) Find the greatest tensile stress which can occur in a pile, 20 long when lifted at the two
points 4.0m from each end.

SOLUTION
Data Given Below
➢ Pile dimension = 250mm x 250mm
➢ No. of 2mm diameter pre-tensioned wires = 60
➢ Total force (P) = 300KN
➢ Es=210 KN/mm2
➢ Ec = 32 kN/mm²
➢ Pile length = 20m

NOW,
Area of steel,
2 𝜋×22
As = 𝜋𝑑 ⁄4 = = 3.14
4

For 60 wires As = 60 x 3.14 = 188.4 mm²

∴ 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟏𝟖𝟖. 𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Initial stress in wires,
𝑃
= 𝐴𝑠
300000
= 188.4

= 1592.35 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝑬𝒔 𝟐𝟏𝟎
∝𝒆 = = = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟔
𝑬𝒄 𝟑𝟐

𝑃 300 × 103
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = =
𝐴𝑐 250 × 250
= 𝟒. 𝟖 𝑵/𝒎𝒎𝟐

NOW,

Loss due to elastic deformation = ∝𝑒 × 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒

= 6.56 × 4.8

= 31.48 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
Stress in steel =1522.35-31.48
=1560.86 N/mm²
1560.86x188.4
Force in steel after loss = 1000

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 294.06 𝐾𝑁


294.06 x 103
Stress in concrete = 250𝑥250

∴ 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 = 𝟒. 𝟕𝑵/𝒎𝒎𝟐


NOW,
Loss due to creep = 1.6 x 4.7 × 6.56
=49.33N/mm²

Loss due to shrinkage = 200 × 10−6 × 210 x103


= 42 N/mm²
5
Relaxation Loss = 100 × x1560.86

= 78.04 N/mm²
Total Loss= 49.33 +42+78·04 = 169.37 N/mm²
Total loss of stress in steel = 31.48+169.37 = 200.85N/mm²

∴ Final stress in steel = 1592.35-200.85 = 1391.5 N/mm2

NOW,
Total Force = 1391.5x188.4.x10-3
Total Force(P) = 262.158KN
262.158 x 103
Stress in concrete = 250𝑥250

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟗𝑵/𝒎𝒎𝟐

NOW,
Self Weight = 250 × 250 × 24 × 10−6
= 1.5 KN/m
Bending Moment at 4m,
1.5 x 42
= = 12 KN/m
2

250 x 2503
I= 12
= 33.55 x107 mm4

NOW,
Stress,

6 250
𝑀𝑦 12 × 10 x 2
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝐼 33.55 x107
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4.6 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

Tensile stress in concrete= 4.19-4.6 = 0.41 N/mm²

∴Tensile stress in concrete = -0.41N/mm²


QN2
Assume a pile does not allow cracking after prestressed, the size of the pile, size of wires and
initial prestressing force is not known, establish the following considering Young’s modulus
of elasticity as in Q.1 and losses in Q.1(b).
a) The prestress force,
b) Eccentricity and
c) Size of tendons or wire to be used

SOLUTION
Question 2
Given data:
• Cross-section dimensions: 300 mm x 300 mm
• P/A (N/mm²): 10^9
• Loss factor: 87%
• ftt (N/mm²): -1
• ftc (N/mm²): 16
• fst (N/mm²): 0
• fsc (N/mm²): 13.33
• b (mm): 510
• d (mm): 510
• L (m): 20
• Density (kN/m³): 24
• Live load (kN/m): 0
• Permanent load (kN/m): 5
Solution
1. Section properties:
• Depth (d) = 300 mm
• Width (b) = 300 mm
• Area (A) = 90,000 mm²
• Section modulus (Z) = 4.50 x 10^6 mm³
2. Self weight (kN/m) = 2.16 kN/m
3. Moment:
• Tensile moment (Mt) = 108 kNm
• Compressive moment (Ms) = 358 kNm
Equations for the four lines:

ftt ftc fst fsc

1/A 1.11111E-05 1.11111E-05 9.66667E-06 9.66667E-06

1/Zb 2.22E-07 2.22E-07 -1.93E-07 1.93E-07

(ftt-Mt/Zb) (N/mm²) -25.00 40.00 79.56 -66.23

m -8.89E-09 5.56E-09 -2.43E-09 -2.92E-09

c -4.44444E-07 2.77778E-07 1.21508E-07 -1.45966E-07

Using the provided equations for the four lines and the given data, we can analyze the
stresses in the structure.
For ftt line:
• Slope (m) = -8.89E-09
• Intercept (c) = -4.44444E-07
For ftc line:
• Slope (m) = 5.56E-09
• Intercept (c) = 2.77778E-07
For fst line:
• Slope (m) = -2.43E-09
• Intercept (c) = 1.21508E-07
For fsc line:
• Slope (m) = -2.92E-09
• Intercept (c) = -1.45966E-07
1/P Vs e
200

150
1/P*10^6 (10^6/N)

100

50

-350 -250 -150 -50 50 150


-50

-100
e (mm)

ftt ftc fsc fst

Figure 1 Magnel Diagram Graph

From the graph above


(a)Pmin =1/ 36.45 x 10-6
P min=27.43KN
(b) emax = 100mm
(c) Considering the Calculated minimum prestressing force (Pmin) of 27.43 kN
Required tendon cross-sectional area (A_t):
Assuming an ultimate tensile strength (f_u) of 1860 N/mm²
Assume diameter of cold drawn wires 8mm
A_t = π × (d / 2)²
A_t = π × (8 / 2)²
A_t ≈ 50.27 mm²
Maximum force that the 8 mm diameter wire can provide:
Pmax = A_t × f_u
Pmax = 50.27 mm² × 1800 N/mm²
Pmax ≈ 90.49 kN
Since the maximum force that the 8 mm diameter cold-drawn wire can provide (90.49 kN) is
significantly greater than the required minimum prestressing force (27.43 kN), using an 8 mm
diameter wire is suitable.

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