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Principle of On Load Tap Changer - Electrical Concepts

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15 views5 pages

Principle of On Load Tap Changer - Electrical Concepts

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Venkatesh
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A tap changer designed to operate while the Transformer is charged is


called On Load Tap Changer (OLTC). On Load Tap Changer, OLTC is
Make Before Break type which ensures that no sparking will take place
while operating OLTC. On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) is used for short
period or daily voltage regulation. During the operation of On Load Tap
Changer, OLTC following two things shall be taken care:

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The main circuit shall not be opened else heavy sparking will take One Month Free
place.

No part of tapped winding shall be shorted.


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The above figure shows the elementary form of On Load tap Changer,
OLTC. As shown in the figure the center tapped Reactor C prevents the
tapped winding from getting short circuited. The Transformer tappings are
connected to the segments 1 to 5. Two fingers A and B are movable and
connected with the Centre Tapped Reactor through switches x and y and
make contact with any one of the segment 1 to 5 under normal operation.

As clear from the figure, both the fingers A and B are connected with
segment 1 and switches x and y are closed, thereby whole winding is in
circuit. As both the fingers are connected with the segment 1, half of the
current will flow from the lower part of the Center tapped Reactor C and half
of the current will flow from upper part. As the Reactor is wound in the
same direction, therefore mmf because of upper half of the current and
lower half of the current will cancel out in Reactor. Therefore Reactor will
be behave like non inductive and will not offer any impedance. Therefore,
the voltage drop in the center tapped Reactor will be very small.

Now to change the tapping of the Transformer, following sequence of


operation will take place one by one. The steps to be taken for changing
the tap are shown in figure below.
Step1: Open Switch y

The entire current now will flow through switch x and lower half of the
Reactor C. It therefore becomes highly inductive and there will be a large
voltage drop across it. Reactor C shall be designed to withstand full load
current momentarily.

Step2: Move Finger B

As the Switch y is open therefore finger B is not carrying any current and
can be moved to segment 2 without any sparking.

Step3: Close Switch y

Now close Switch y. Now the Transformer winding between tap 1 and 2
get connected through the Reactor C. As the impedance offered by the
Reactor is high for current flowing only in one direction, the circulating
current through the Reactor, finger A and finger B will be very less. In this
manner the Reactor prevents the tapped winding from getting short
circuited.

Step4: Open Switch x

Now the entire current will flow from the upper half portion of the Reactor
causing a high voltage drop across it.

Step5: Move Finger A


As the Switch x is open therefore finger A is not carrying any current and
can be moved to segment 2 without any sparking.

In this way, the winding between segment 1 and 2 is completely cut out. If
further change in voltage is required, above sequence of operation is
repeated.

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0 Thoughts On “Principle Of On Load Tap Changer”

— Kalyan Biswas

says:
December 16, 2017 at 7:19 pm

helpfull

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