2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electronics Technology

Research on Grid-Connected/Islanded Control Strategy of PV and Battery Storage

Systems as Emergency Power Supply of Pumping Storage Power Station

Zhaohui Kan, Zilong Li, Shuaixuan Li, Tong Dang Zhu, Ming Yi, Yunhui Huang
Zhang Wuhan University of Technology
Hubei Bailianhe Pumped Storage Co., Ltd. Wuhan, China
Huanggang, China e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract—In order to solve the problem of the insufficient isolated network of the offshore wind farm. Literature [7]-[8]
reliability of diesel engine as the emergency power supply of designed a coordinated operation control strategy for isolated
pumped storage power station, a grid-connected/islanded micro-grid of Wind Power, PV System, Diesel Generator,
control strategy of PV and battery storage systems as the and Battery Storage to ensure long-term stable operation of
emergency power supply of pumped storage power station is the isolated system.
proposed. To begin with, the control strategies of different This paper introduces a kind of PV and battery storage
operation modes of the optical storage system are introduced. systems structure, and analyzes two control strategies of
In the grid-connected operation mode, PQ control strategy is
battery storage converter and their switching: constant power
used to coordinate the output of PV and battery storage to
control, namely PQ control strategy; Constant voltage
meet the station power load demand. When faults occur in the
grid, the PV and battery storage systems switch to islanded
constant frequency control, that is V/f control strategy. In
operation mode. At this time, the battery storage system adopts grid-connected mode, PV system and battery storage system
V / F control to maintain the stability of system voltage and adopt PQ control strategy to coordinate output and meet the
frequency. The PV system still uses PQ control, and the two station power load demand. In the islanded mode, the output
coordinate to supply power for the load. The time domain power of the PV system is greatly affected by the
simulation model of PV and battery storage systems is environment and not controllable when generating power.
established and the control strategy of the converter is PQ control is always adopted during the operation. In this
simulated. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the case, the battery storage converter is controlled by V/f to
proposed grid-connected/islanded control strategy. provide stable voltage and frequency for the system, and can
be switched according to the voltage and frequency of the
Keywords-pumped storage power station; emergency power grid.
suppl; PV and battery storage systems; grid-connected/islanded
control II. SYSTEM STRUCTURE PRINCIPLE AND COORDINATED
CONTROL STRATEGY
I. INTRODUCTION PCC
At present, the domestic pumped storage power stations Grid
which have been put into operation basically use diesel MPPT PQ
engine sets as emergency power supply for station power Grid-
control control
load. However,as the diesel engine is used as emergency connected
power supply has the risks of off-line power supply,
Photov islanded station
unsuccessful start-up, environmental pollution and later DC
maintenance costs are higher. Therefore, in order to ensure oltaic AC utility
the reliability and stability of the station power load for system
Ppv
pumped storage power station, it is necessary to supplement PQ control Pload The
safe, reliable, and low maintenance cost emergency power
supply to ensure the stable operation of station power system battery V/f control library
[1]-[4]. system
With flexible control and mature technology, PV and DC
AC Central
battery storage systems is an important application direction
control
of new energy generation technology. Literature [5] studies Ppv  Pload system
and discusses the emergency power supply of storage power inverter
stations, and statistically analyzes the current emergency N station
power supply configuration of pumping power stations and Y lighting
the main influencing factors. Literature [6] studied the converter
system
configuration scheme and operation mode of the standby
Figure 1. Overall structure of PV and battery storage systems.
diesel generator set for the safe and reliable operation of the

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 The object of this paper is PV and battery storage systems, controlled by V/f. The battery storage system is equivalent
whose structure is shown in Fig. 1. The system consists of to a voltage source and outputs the given voltage and
PV array, battery storage system, station power load, frequency through closed-loop control. V/f control adopts
converter and grid. Among them, station power load double closed loop structure of outer voltage loop and inner
includes station utility system, the library system, central current loop.
control system, station lighting system,etc.
As can be seen from Fig. 1, in order to realize the
coordinated operation of the PV and battery storage systems, − ud id + ud
the output power Ppv of the PV system and station power + idref − + ud*
load Pload are detected. When Ppv > Pload occurs, the station udref PI + PI
power load is all provided by the PV system, and the excess  Liq −
active power of the PV system is transferred to the battery uqref iqref + uq
storage system for charging. When Ppv < Pload, all the power PI +
+ − PI +− i
of the PV system is transferred to the station power load, uq + uq*
and the insufficient power demand is provided by the
q  Lid
battery storage.
Voltage controller Current controller
III. GRID-CONNECTED/ISLANDED CONTROL STRATEGY
Figure 3. Control strategy structure.
OF SYSTEM
Similar to PQ control, the reference voltage d-axis
A. Grid-Connected Control Strategy
component udref is set as the base amplitude, and the q-axis
The control structure of power outer loop and grid- component udref is set as 0.The differences between the ud
connected current inner ring is adopted. and uq values obtained from the actual measured load side
voltage through coordinate changes are adjusted by the PI
controller to obtain the reference values idref and iqref of the
Pref
id + ud capacitance current axis d and q, respectively. Finally, the
2 idref − + ud* reference voltage components ud* and uq* in the internal axis
+ PI coordinate system of the inverter are obtained through the PI
3
ud  Liq − controller and the feedforward decoupling link to realize the
Qref 2 iqref + uq control of the inverter.
− PI +
3 +− i + uq* C. Grid-Connected/Islanded Switch Control Strategy
q  Lid Since PV system always adopts PQ control in grid-
connected operation and islanded, only the switch of battery
Power controller Current controller storage system grid-connected/islanded control is
Figure 2. Grid-connected control strategy structure. considered.

The power outer ring needs to collect the grid voltage U start
and grid current I in real time, and then get the PV inverter
instantaneous measured value of power through calculation. P/Q control
The difference between them and the given value Pref and Grid-connected
troubleshooting operation mode battery storage
Qref is divided by usd to get the given value idref and iqref of inverter P/Q
the current inner ring. Grid-connected power is obtained control
through dq coordinate transformation to obtain current id
N
and iq, which are different from idref and iqref. Through PI f ref − f  0.2 Hz
link and feedforward decoupling link, the inverter is
controlled. The voltage reference values ud* and uq* are Y

obtained. After the inverse transformation of coordinates N

islanded U N − U  7%U
and the SPWM modulation module, the driving signal of
IGBT can be obtained, so as to ensure that the inverter
Y
delivers power to the grid at a given power value. battery storage
PV inverter
inverter P/Q
P/Q control
B. Islanded Control Strategy control

When PV and battery storage systems is islanded, the Figure 4. Grid-connected/islanded switching control flow.
voltage and frequency in the PV and battery storage systems
must be stable. Therefore, the battery storage converter is According to the documents of GB/T12325-2008"allows
the power quality of power supply voltage deviation"

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regulation, which is 10 kV and below power grid to allow
1000 Ir

Irradiance (W//m2)
the three-phase voltage deviation value is 7% of the rated
voltage, frequency deviation should be allowed to meet 800
GB/T15945-2008"power quality of power system frequency
deviation" regulation, allowing frequency deviation is 0.2
600
Hz, as the frequency of the detected lines or voltage exceeds 400
the allowed range, system switch to islanded; When the fault
is eliminated and the voltage frequency returns to the 200
normal range, the PV and battery storage systems is 0
reconnected to the grid. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (sec)
i1
i2 L R1 Figure 6. Irradiance changes of PV array.
udc
100
U abc I abc 80
C

PLL 60

P (kW)

abc
 ref dq SPWM 40
udref uqref
Voltage 20
control Current dq
control abc 0
Power
control 0 1 2 3
Pref Qref Time(sec)

Figure 5. Grid-connected/islanded switching control strategy of the Figure 7. Active power change of PV system output.
battery storage system.
104
As shown in the Fig. 5 above, during grid-connected 6
operation, phase information required for coordinate 4
transformation is provided by the PLL. Meanwhile, PQ
control strategy of power control of the outer loop and 2
P (W)

current control of the inner loop is adopted. When a fault is 0

detected in the grid, the frequency is switched to the given
-2
50Hz to ensure the stable frequency of the system, and the
corresponding power control of the outer loop is switched to -4
the V/f control strategy of voltage control. The inner -6
current loop does not need to be changed during the 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
switching of the shunt. Time(sec)
Figure 8. Active power change of battery storage system output.
IV. THE SIMULATION ANALYSIS
The grid-connected current of PV inverter and battery
On the basis of theoretical analysis, the PV and battery storage converter is shown blow.
storage systems is modeled, and Simulink simulation It can be seen from Fig. 9-11 that the output current of
software is used to simulate the PV and battery storage PV inverter and battery storage converter changes with the
systems as shown in Fig. 1. change of irradiance, and both of them jointly maintain the
A. Grid-Connected Control Strategy Simulation stability of current at the grid point. Before 0.8s, the PV
The irradiance change of the PV array is set as shown in output power is greater than the station power load, the
Fig. 6, the station power load is set to 50kW, and the output battery storage is charged. At 0.8s, the PV output power is
power of the PV system and battery storage system is less than the station power load, and the phase of the output
changed as shown in the figure below. current of the battery storage inverter is changed. The
battery storage changing from charging state to discharge
state to supply power to the load. It changed again around
2.5s.

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 500 output, and the battery storage changes from charging to
discharging, which together with the PV power supplies the
250 station power load.

5
I (A)

10
0 3

-250 2

P(W)
-500
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 1
Time(sec)
Figure 9. Output current of PV inverter. 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time(sec)
200
Figure 12. Active power change of the station power load.

100 4
10
8
I (A)

0
4
-100
P(W)
0

-200 -4
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time(sec)
-8
Figure 10. Output current of battery storage inverter. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time(sec)
600
Figure 13. Active power change of battery storage system output.
400
300
200 200
I (A)

0 100
U(V)

-200 0
-100
-400
-200
-600
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 -300
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time(sec) Time(sec)
Figure 11. Junction current. Figure 14. Three-phase voltage variation.
FF T analysis

B. Islanded Control Strategy Simulation Fundamental (50Hz) = 209.9 , THD= 0.67%

0.1
Mag (% of Fundamental)

Under the operation condition of the islanded, let the 0.08

initial station power load be 120kw, cut out 60kW at 0.5s,
0.06
cut-in 50kW at 1.5s, and the PV output is 100kW.At this
point, the battery storage converter is controlled by V/f. 0.04
As can be seen from the Figs. 12-13, before 0.5s, the PV 0.02
output was always lower than the station power load, so it
0
was necessary to combine battery storage to supply power to 0 200 400 600 800 1000
the station power load. When the 60kW load is removed at Frequency (Hz)

0.5s, the excess power will charge the battery storage when Figure 15. Voltage spectrum diagram.
the PV output is greater than the station power load,
corresponding to the part of the battery storage output curve Figs. 14-17 show the load voltage, current and
in the Fig. below zero. At 1.5s, the load is cut-in 50kW, at spectrum diagram. It can be seen that the load voltage
which point the station power load is greater than the PV fluctuates when the load is cut-in and cut out, and then

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quickly returns to stability. The load current decreases when 1000
the load is cut out, and increases when the load is cut in. The
500
total harmonic distortion rate of voltage and current is
0.67%.

I(A)
0

600 -500
400
-1000
200 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
I(A)

0 Time(sec)
-200 Figure 20. Load current variation.
-400
Let the two-phase grounding short-circuit fault occur at
-600 the grid side at 1s, and the fault disappears at 2s, as shown in
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time(sec) Fig. 18. The output power of the PV system is shown in Fig.
Figure 16. Change of three-phase current. 6, and the station power load is set to 100kW.
As can be seen from the Figs. 19-20, when the power
FF T an alysis

Fundamental (50Hz) = 340.4 , THD= 0.67% grid fails, the optical storage system quickly switches to
islanded. After 0.1s, the system runs stably in islanded. After
Mag (% of Fundamental)

0.1

0.08 the fault disappeared, the system switched to the grid-

connected operation mode without obvious fluctuation.
0.06

0.04 V. CONCLUSION
0.02 In this paper, PV and battery storage systems is proposed
0 as the emergency power supply of the pumping storage
0 200 400
Frequency (Hz)
600 800 1000 power station and grid-connected/islanded control strategy.
Through simulation and analysis of the system voltage and
Figure 17. Current spectrum diagram. power waveform under different operating modes, the
following conclusions are drawn:
C. Grid-Connected/Islanded Control Strategy Simulation Under the grid-connected condition, the battery storage
system can coordinate with the PV system to supply power
to the station power load. Under the condition of islanded,
the V/f control of the battery storage converter can provide
stable voltage and frequency for the station power load.
When faults occur in the grid, the control strategy should
U(V)

be switched quickly to ensure the stable voltage of the

pumping storage power station and the reliable operation of
the station power load.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by the Science and Technology
Figure 18. Voltage changes on the grid side. Project of State Grid Xinyuan Company LTD. under Grant
SGXY-2019F02-2-131.
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