AGRICULTURE

B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture

I Semester
1. Fundamentals of Agronomy APA 101 4(3+1)
2. Fundamentals of Soil Science APS 118 3(2+1)
3. Fundamentals of Horticulture APH 176 2(1+1)
4. Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology ABB 155 3(2+1)
5. Introduction to Forestry APF 179 2(1+1)
6. Comprehension & Communication Skills in English AAC 147 2(1+1)
7. Introductory Biology*/Elementary Mathematics* ARC 171/ 2(1+1)/
ARC 172 2(2+0)*
8. Rural Sociology & Educational Psychology AAC 148 2(2+0)
9. Human Values & Ethics (non gradial) ANC 166 1(1+0)**
10. Agricultural Heritage* ARC 173 1(1+0)*
11. NSS/NCC/Physical Education & Yoga Practices** ANC 167 2(0+2)**
TOTAL*R:Remedial course; **NC: Non-gradial courses 18+04*/03*+03**
Fundamentals of Agronomy 4 (3+1)
Theory: Agronomy and its scope, seeds and sowing, tillage and tilth, crop density and geometry, Crop nutrition, manures and
fertilizers, nutrient use efficiency, water resources, soil-plant-water relationship, crop water requirement, water use efficiency,
irrigation- scheduling criteria and methods, quality of irrigation water, water logging. Weeds- importance, classification, crop
weed competition, concepts of weed management-principles and methods, herbicides- classification, selectivity and
resistance, allelopathy. Growth and development of crops, factors affecting growth and development, plant ideotypes, crop
rotation and its principles, adaptation and distribution of crops, crop management technologies in problematic areas,
harvesting and threshing of crops.
Practical: Identification of crops, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and tillage implements, study of agro-climatic zones of India,
Identification of weeds in crops, Methods of herbicide and fertilizer application, Study of yield contributing characters and yield
estimation, Seed germination and viability test, Numerical exercises on fertilizer requirement, plant population, herbicides and
water requirement, Use of tillage implements-reversible plough, one way plough, harrow, leveler, seed drill, Study of soil
moisture measuring devices, Measurement of field capacity, bulk density and infiltration rate, Measurement of irrigation water.
Fundamentals of Soil Science 3 (2+1)
Theory: Soil as a natural body, Pedological and edaphological concepts of soil; Soil genesis: soil forming rocks and minerals;
weathering, processes and factors of soil formation; Soil Profile, components of soil; Soil physical properties: soil-texture,
structure, density and porosity, soil colour, consistence and plasticity; Elementary knowledge of soil taxonomy classification
and soils of India; Soil water retention, movement and availability; Soil air, composition, gaseous exchange, problem and plant
growth, Soil temperature; source, amount and flow of heat in soil; effect on plant growth, Soil reaction-pH, soil acidity and
alkalinity, buffering, effect of pH on nutrient availability; soil colloids - inorganic and organic; silicate clays: constitution and
properties; sources of charge; ion exchange, cation exchange capacity, base saturation; soil organic matter: composition,
properties and its influence on soil properties; humic substances - nature and properties; soil organisms: macro and micro
organisms, their beneficial and harmful effects; Soil pollution - behaviour of pesticides and inorganic contaminants, prevention
and mitigation of soil pollution.
Practical: Study of soil profile in field. Study of soil sampling tools, collection of representative soil sample, its processing and
storage. Study of soil forming rocks and minerals. Determination of soil density, moisture content and porosity. Determination
of soil texture by feel and Bouyoucos Methods. Studies of capillary rise phenomenon of water in soil column and water
movement in soil. Determination of soil pH and electrical conductivity. Determination of cation exchange capacity of soil. Study
of soil map. Determination of soil colour. Demonstration of heat transfer in soil. Estimation of organic matter content of soil.
Fundamentals of Horticulture (NEW) 2(1+1)
Theory: Horticulture - Its definition and branches, importance and scope; horticultural and botanical classification; climate and
soil for horticultural crops; Plant propagation-methods and propagating structures; Seed dormancy, Seed germination,
principles of orchard establishment; Principles and methods of training and pruning, juvenility and flower bud differentiation;
unfruitfulness; pollination, pollinizers and pollinators; fertilization and parthenocarpy; medicinal and aromatic plants;
importance of plant bio-regulators in horticulture. Irrigation – methods, Fertilizer application in horticultural crops.
Practical: Identification of garden tools. Identification of horticultural crops. Preparation of seed bed/nursery bed. Practice of
sexual and asexual methods of propagation including micro-propagation. Layout and planting of orchard. Training and pruning
of fruit trees. Preparation of potting mixture. Fertilizer application in different crops. Visits to commercial nurseries/orchard.
Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 3 (2+1)
Theory: Importance of Biochemistry. Properties of Water, pH and Buffer. Carbohydrate: Importance and classification.
Structures of Monosaccharides, Reducing and oxidizing properties of Monosaccharides, Mutarotation; Structure of
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Lipid: Importance and classification; Structures and properties of fatty acids; storage
lipids and membrane lipids. Proteins: Importance of proteins and classification; Structures, titration and zwitterions nature of
amino acids; Structural organization of proteins. Enzymes: General properties; Classification; Mechanism of action; Michaelis
& Menten and Line Weaver Burk equation & plots; Introduction to allosteric enzymes. Nucleic acids: Importance and
classification; Structure of Nucleotides, A, B & Z DNA; RNA: Types and Secondary & Tertiary structure. Metabolism of
carbohydrates: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Glyoxylate cycle, Electron transport chain. Metabolism of lipids: Beta oxidation,
Biosynthesis of fatty acids.
Concepts and applications of plant biotechnology: Scope, organ culture, embryo culture, cell suspension culture, callus culture,
anther culture, pollen culture and ovule culture and their applications; Micro-propagation methods; organogenesis and
embryogenesis, Synthetic seeds and their significance; Embryo rescue and its significance; somatic hybridization and cybrids;
Somaclonal variation and its use in crop improvement; cryo-preservation; Introduction to recombinant DNA methods: physical
(Gene gun method), chemical (PEG mediated) and Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer methods; Transgenics and its
importance in crop improvement; PCR techniques and its applications; RFLP, RAPD, SSR; Marker Assisted Breeding in crop
improvement; Biotechnology regulations.
Practical: Preparation of solution, pH & buffers, Qualitative tests of carbohydrates and amino acids. Quantitative estimation
of glucose/ proteins. Titration methods for estimation of amino acids/lipids, Effect of pH, temperature and substrate
concentration on enzyme action, Paper chromatography/ TLC demonstration for separation of amino acids/ Monosaccharides.
Sterilization techniques. Composition of various tissue culture media and preparation of stock solutions for MS nutrient
medium. Callus induction from various explants. Micro-propagation, hardening and acclimatization. Demonstration on isolation
of DNA. Demonstration of gel electrophoresis techniques and DNA finger printing.
Introduction to Forestry 2 (1+1)
Theory: Introduction – definitions of basic terms related to forestry, objectives of silviculture, forest classification, salient
features of Indian Forest Policies. Forest regeneration, Natural regeneration - natural regeneration from seed and vegetative
parts, coppicing, pollarding, root suckers; Artificial regeneration – objectives, choice between natural and artificial
regeneration, essential preliminary considerations. Crown classification. Tending operations – weeding, cleaning, thinning –
mechanical, ordinary, crown and advance thinning. Forest mensuration – objectives, diameter measurement, instruments
used in diameter measurement; Non instrumental methods of height measurement - shadow and single pole method;
Instrumental methods of height measurement - geometric and trigonometric principles, instruments used in height
measurement; tree stem form, form factor, form quotient, measurement of volume of felled and standing trees, age
determination of trees. Agroforestry – definitions, importance, criteria of selection of trees in agroforestry, different agroforestry
systems prevalent in the country, shifting cultivation, taungya, alley cropping, wind breaks and shelter belts, home gardens.
Cultivation practices of two important fast growing tree species of the region.
Practical: Identification of tree-species. Diameter measurements using calipers and tape, diameter measurements of forked,
buttressed, fluted and leaning trees. Height measurement of standing trees by shadow method, single pole method and
hypsometer. Volume measurement of logs using various formulae. Nursery lay out, seed sowing, vegetative propagation
techniques. Forest plantations and their management. Visits of nearby forest based industries.
Comprehension and Communication Skills in English 2 (1+1)
Theory: War Minus Shooting- The sporting Spirit. A Dilemma- A layman looks at science Raymond B. Fosdick. You and Your
English – Spoken English and broken English G.B. Shaw. Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary- Antonym, Synonym,
Homophones, Homonyms, often confused words. Exercises to Help the students in the enrichment of vocabulary based on
TOEFL and other competitive examinations. Functional grammar: Articles, Prepositions, Verb, Subject verb Agreement,
Transformation, Synthesis, Direct and Indirect Narration. Written Skills: Paragraph writing, Precise writing, Report writing and
Proposal writing. The Style: Importance of professional writing. Preparation of Curriculum Vitae and Job applications. Synopsis
Writing. Interviews: kinds, Importance and process.
Practical: Listening Comprehension: Listening to short talks lectures, speeches (scientific, commercial and general in nature).
Oral Communication: Phonetics, stress and intonation, Conversation practice. Conversation: rate of speech, clarity of voice,
speaking and Listening, politeness & Reading skills: reading dialogues, rapid reading, intensive reading, improving reading
skills. Mock Interviews: testing initiative, team spirit, leadership, intellectual ability. Group Discussions.
Agricultural Heritage (New Course) 1 (1+0)
Theory: Introduction of Indian agricultural heritage; Ancient agricultural practices, Relevance of heritage to present day
agriculture; Past and present status of agriculture and farmers in society; Journey of Indian agriculture and its development
from past to modern era; Plant production and protection through indigenous traditional knowledge; Crop voyage in India and
world; Agriculture scope; Importance of agriculture and agricultural resources available in India; Crop significance and
classifications; National agriculture setup in India; Current scenario of Indian agriculture; Indian agricultural concerns and
future prospects.
Introductory Biology 2(1+1)
Theory: Introduction to the living world, diversity and characteristics of life, origin of life, Evolution and Eugenics. Binomial
nomenclature and classification Cell and cell division. Morphology of flowing plants. Seed and seed germination. Plant
systematic- viz; Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Role of animals in agriculture.
Practical: Morphology of flowering plants – root, stem and leaf and their modifications. Inflorence, flower and fruits. Cell,
tissues & cell division. Internal structure of root, stem and leaf. Study of specimens and slides. Description of plants -
Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae.
Elementary Mathematics 2(1+1)
Theory: Straight lines : Distance formula, section formula (internal and external division), Change of axes (only origin
changed), Equation of co-ordinate axes, Equation of lines parallel to axes, Slope-intercept form of equation of line, Slope-point
form of equation of line, Two point form of equation of line, Intercept form of equation of line, Normal form of equation of line,
General form of equation of line, Point of intersection of two st. lines, Angles between two st. lines, Parallel lines, Perpendicular
lines, Angle of bisectors between two lines, Area of triangle and quadrilateral.Circle: Equation of circle whose centre and
radius is known, General equation of a circle, Equation of circle passing through three given points, Equation of circle whose
diameters is line joining two points (x1, y1) & (x2,y2), Tangent and Normal to a given circle at given point (Simple problems),
Condition of tangency of a line y = mx + c to the given circle x2 + y2 = a2.Differential Calculus : Definition of function, limit and
continuity, Simple problems on limit, Simple problems on continuity, Differentiation of xn , ex , sin x & cos x from first principle,
Derivatives of sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, Differentiation of functions of functions (Simple problem
based on it), Logarithmic differentiation (Simple problem based on it), Differentiation by substitution method and simple
problems based on it, Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric functions. Maxima and Minima of the functions of the form y=f
(x) (Simple problems based on it).
Integral Calculus: Integration of simple functions, Integration of Product of two functions, Integration by substitution method,
Definite Integral (simple problems based on it), Area under simple well-known curves (simple problems based on it).
Matrices and Determinants: Definition of Matrices, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Transpose and Inverse up to 3rd
order, Properties of determinants up to 3rd order and their evaluation.
Rural Sociology & Educational Psychology 2 (2+0)
Theory: Sociology and Rural sociology: Definition and scope, its significance in agriculture extension, Social Ecology, Rural
society, Social Groups, Social Stratification, Culture concept, Social Institution, Social Change & Development. Educational
psychology: Meaning & its importance in agriculture extension. Behavior: Cognitive, affective, psychomotor domain,
Personality, Learning, Motivation, Theories of Motivation, Intelligence.
Human Value and Ethics 1 (1+0)
Theory: Values and Ethics-An Introduction. Goal and Mission of Life. Vision of Life. Principles and Philosophy. Self
Exploration. Self Awareness. Self Satisfaction. Decision Making. Motivation. Sensitivity. Success. Selfless Service. Case
Study of Ethical Lives. Positive Spirit. Body, Mind and Soul. Attachment and Detachment. Spirituality Quotient. Examination.
National Service Scheme I
Introduction and basic components of NSS: Orientation: history, objectives, principles, symbol, badge; regular
programmes under NSS, organizational structure of NSS, code of conduct for NSS volunteers, points to be considered by
NSS volunteers awareness about health
NSS programmes and activities: Concept of regular activities, special camping, day camps, basis of adoption of
village/slums, conducting survey, analysing guiding financial patterns of scheme, youth programme/ schemes of GOI,
coordination with different agencies and maintenance of diary
Understanding youth: Definition, profile, profile, categories, issues and challenges of youth; and opportunities for youth who
is agent of the social change
Community mobilization: Mapping of community stakeholders, designing the message as per problems and their culture;
identifying methods of mobilisation involving youth-adult partnership
Social harmony and national integration: Indian history and culture, role of youth in nation building, conflict resolution and
peace-building
Volunteerism and shramdan: Indian tradition of volunteerism, its need, importance, motivation and constraints; shramdan
as part of volunteerism
Citizenship, constitution and human rights: Basic features of constitution of India, fundamental rights and duties, human
rights, consumer awareness and rights and rights to information
Family and society: Concept of family, community (PRIs and other community based organisations) and society

II Semester
1. Fundamentals of Genetics AGP 113 3(2+1)
2. Fundamentals of Entomology APE 121 4(3+1)
3. Agricultural Microbiology ABB 156 2(1+1)
4. Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics AEC 127 2(2+0)
5. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering AAE 132 2(1+1)
6. Fundamentals of Plant Pathology APP 138 4(3+1)
7. Fundamentals of Agricultural Extension Education AAC 149 3(2+1)
8. Communication Skills and Personality Development AAC 150 2(1+1)
9. Fundamentals of Crop Physiology ABB 157 2(1+1)
10. NSS/NCC/Physical Education & Yoga Practices** ANC 167 2(0+2)**
Total 24(16+8)
Agriculture II Semester

Fundamentals of Genetics 3 (2+1)

Theory: Pre and Post Mendelian concepts of heredity, Mendelian principles of heredity. Architecture of
chromosome; chromonemata, chromosome matrix, chromomeres, centromere, secondary constriction and
telomere; special types of chromosomes. Chromosomal theory of inheritance- cell cycle and cell division- mitosis
and meiosis. Probability and Chi-square. Dominance relationships, Epistatic interactions with example. Multiple
alleles, pleiotropism and pseudoalleles, Sex determination and sex linkage, sex limited and sex influenced traits,
Blood group genetics, Linkage and its estimation, crossing over mechanisms, chromosome mapping. Structural
and numerical variations in chromosome and their implications, Use of haploids, dihaploids and doubled haploids
in Genetics. Mutation, classification, Methods of inducing mutations & CIB technique, mutagenic agents and
induction of mutation. Qualitative & Quantitative traits, Polygenes and continuous variations, multiple factor
hypothesis, Cytoplasmic inheritance. Genetic disorders. Nature, structure & replication of genetic material. Protein
synthesis, Transcription and translational mechanism of genetic material, Gene concept: Gene structure, function
and regulation, Lac and Trp operons.

Fundamentals of Entomology 4 (3+1)

Part – I: History of Entomology in India. Major points related to dominance of Insecta in Animal kingdom.
Classification of phylum Arthropoda upto classes. Relationship of class Insecta with other classes of Arthropoda.
Morphology: Structure and functions of insect cuticle and molting. Body segmentation. Structure of Head, thorax
and abdomen. Structure and modifications of insect antennae, mouth parts, legs, Wing venation, modifications and
wing coupling apparatus. Structure of male and female genital organ. Metamorphosis and diapause in insects.
Types of larvae and pupae. Structure and functions of digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, nervous,
secretary (Endocrine) and reproductive system, in insects. Types of reproduction in insects. Major sensory organs
like simple and compound eyes, chemoreceptor.
Part-II: Insect Ecology: Introduction, Environment and its components. Effect of abiotic factors–temperature,
moisture, humidity, rainfall, light, atmospheric pressure and air currents. Effect of biotic factors – food competition,
natural and environmental resistance.
Part III: Categories of pests. Concept of IPM, Practices, scope and limitations of IPM. Classification of insecticides,
toxicity of insecticides and formulations of insecticides. Chemical control-importance, hazards and limitations.
Recent methods of pest control, repellents, antifeedants, hormones, attractants, gamma radiation. Insecticides Act
1968-Important provisions. Application techniques of spray fluids. Symptoms of poisoning, first aid and antidotes.
Part – IV: Systematics: Taxonomy –importance, history and development and binomial nomenclature. Definitions
of Biotype, Sub-species, Species, Genus, Family and Order. Classification of class Insecta upto Orders, basic
groups of present day insects with special emphasis to orders and families of Agricultural importance like
Orthoptera: Acrididae, Tettigonidae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae; Dictyoptera: Mantidae, Blattidae; Odonata; Isoptera:
Termitidae; Thysanoptera: Thripidae; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Cimicidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Lygaeidae,
Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, Lophophidae, Aleurodidae, Pseudococcidae; Neuroptera:
Chrysopidae; Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Papiloinidae, Noctuidae, Sphingidae, Pyralidae, Gelechiidae, Arctiidae,
Saturnidae, Bombycidae; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae, Chrysomelidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Bruchidae,
Scarabaeidae; Hymenoptera: Tenthridinidae, Apidae. Trichogrammatidae, lchneumonidae, Braconidae,
Chalcididae; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Tachinidae, Agromyziidae, Culicidae,Muscidae, Tephritidae.

Agricultural Microbiology 2 (1+1)

Theory: Introduction. Microbial world: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. Bacteria: cell structure,
chemoautotrophy, photo autotrophy, growth. Bacterial genetics: Genetic recombination- transformation,
conjugation and transduction, plasmids, transposon. Role of microbes in soil fertility and crop production: Carbon,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur cycles. Biological nitrogen fixation- symbiotic, associative and asymbiotic.
Azolla, blue green algae and mycorrhiza. Rhizosphere and phyllosphere. Microbes in human welfare: silage
production, biofertilizers, biopesticides, biofuel production and biodegradation of agro-waste.

Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics 2 (2+0)

Theory: Economics: Meaning, scope and subject matter, definitions, activities, approaches to economic analysis;
micro and macro economics, positive and normative analysis. Nature of economic theory; rationality assumption,
concept of equilibrium, economic laws as generalization of human behavior. Basic concepts: Goods and services,
desire, want, demand, utility, cost and price, wealth, capital, income and welfare. Agricultural economics: meaning,
definition, characteristics of agriculture, importance and its role in economic development. Agricultural planning
and development in the country. Demand: meaning, law of demand, demand schedule and demand curve,
determinants, utility theory; law of diminishing marginal utility, equi-marginal utility principle. Consumer’s
equilibrium and derivation of demand curve, concept of consumer surplus. Elasticity of demand: concept and
measurement of price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity. Production: process, creation of utility,
factors of production, input output relationship. Laws of returns: Law of variable proportions and law of returns to
scale. Cost: Cost concepts, short run and long run cost curves. Supply: Stock v/s supply, law of supply, supply
schedule, supply curve, determinants of supply, elasticity of supply. Market structure: meaning and types of market,
basic features of perfectly competitive and imperfect markets. Price determination under perfect competition; short
run and long run equilibrium of firm and industry, shut down and break even points. Distribution theory: meaning,
factor market and pricing of factors of production. Concepts of rent, wage, interest and profit. National income:
Meaning and importance, circular flow, concepts of national income accounting and approaches to measurement,
difficulties in measurement. Population: Importance, Malthusian and Optimum population theories, natural and
socio-economic determinants, current policies and programmes on population control. Money: Barter system of
exchange and its problems, evolution, meaning and functions of money, classification of money, money supply,
general price index, inflation and deflation. Banking: Role in modern economy, types of banks, functions of
commercial and central bank, credit creation policy. Agricultural and public finance: meaning, micro v/s macro
finance, need for agricultural finance, public revenue and public expenditure. Tax: meaning, direct and indirect
taxes, agricultural taxation, VAT. Economic systems: Concepts of economy and its functions, important features
of capitalistic, socialistic and mixed economies, elements of economic planning.

Introductory Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 2(1+1)

Theory: Introduction to Soil and Water Conservation, causes of soil erosion. Definition and agents of soil erosion,
water erosion: Forms of water erosion. Gully classification and control measures. Soil loss estimation by universal
Loss Soil Equation. Soil loss measurement techniques. Principles of erosion control: Introduction to contouring,
strip cropping. Contour bund. Graded bund and bench terracing. Grassed water ways and their design. Water
harvesting and its techniques. Wind erosion: mechanics of wind erosion, types of soil movement. Principles of wind
erosion control and its control measures.

Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 4 (3+1)

Theory: Introduction: Importance of plant diseases, scope and objectives of Plant Pathology. History of Plant
Pathology with special reference to Indian work. Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology. Pathogenesis. Causes /
factors affecting disease development: disease triangle and tetrahedron and classification of plant diseases.
Important plant pathogenic organisms, different groups: fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria,
phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, protozoa, phanerogamic parasites and nematodes with
examples of diseases caused by them. Diseases and symptoms due to abiotic causes.
Fungi: general characters, definition of fungus, somatic structures, types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues,
modifications of thallus, reproduction (asexual and sexual). Nomenclature, Binomial system of nomenclature, rules
of nomenclature, classification of fungi. Key to divisions, sub-divisions, orders and classes.
Bacteria and mollicutes: general morphological characters. Basic methods of classification and reproduction.
Viruses: nature, structure, replication and transmission. Study of phanerogamic plant parasites.
Nematodes: General morphology and reproduction, classification, symptoms and nature of damage caused by
plant nematodes (Heterodera, Meloidogyne, Anguina, Radopholus etc.)
Growth and reproduction of plant pathogens. Liberation / dispersal and survival of plant pathogens. Types of
parasitism and variability in plant pathogens. Pathogenesis. Role of enzymes, toxins and growth regulators in
disease development. Defense mechanism in plants. Epidemiology: Factors affecting disease development.
Principles and methods of plant disease management. Nature, chemical combination, classification, mode of action and
formulations of fungicides and antibiotics.

Fundamentals of Agricultural Extension Education 3 (2+1)

Theory: Education: Meaning, definition & Types; Extension Education- meaning, definition, scope and process;
objectives and principles of Extension Education; Extension Programme planning- Meaning, Process, Principles
and Steps in Programme Development. Extension systems in India: extension efforts in pre-independence era
(Sriniketan, Marthandam, Firka Development Scheme, Gurgaon Experiment, etc.) and post-independence era
(Etawah Pilot Project, Nilokheri Experiment, etc.); various extension/ agriculture development programmes
launched by ICAR/ Govt. of India (IADP, IAAP, HYVP, KVK, IVLP, ORP, ND,NATP, NAIP, etc.). New trends in
agriculture extension: privatization extension, cyber extension/ e-extension, market-led extension, farmer-led
extension, expert systems, etc. Rural Development: concept, meaning, definition; various rural development
programmes launched by Govt. of India. Community Dev.-meaning, definition, concept & principles, Philosophy of
C.D. Rural Leadership: concept and definition, types of leaders in rural context; extension administration: meaning
and concept, principles and functions. Monitoring and evaluation: concept and definition, monitoring and evaluation
of extension programmes; transfer of technology: concept and models, capacity building of extension personnel;
extension teaching methods: meaning, classification, individual, group and mass contact methods, ICT
Applications in TOT (New and Social Media), media mix strategies; communication: meaning and definition;
Principles and Functions of Communication, models and barriers to communication. Agriculture journalism;
diffusion and adoption of innovation: concept and meaning, process and stages of adoption, adopter categories.

Communication skills and Personality Development 2 (1+1)

Theory: Communication Skills: Structural and functional grammar; meaning and process of communication, verbal
and nonverbal communication; listening and note taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab
record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures. Reading and comprehension of general and technical
articles, precise writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual and group presentations, impromptu presentation,
public speaking; Group discussion. Organizing seminars and conferences.

Fundamentals of Crop Physiology 2 (1+1)

Theory: Introduction to crop physiology and its importance in Agriculture; Plant cell: an Overview; Diffusion and
osmosis; Absorption of water, transpiration and Stomatal Physiology; Mineral nutrition of Plants: Functions and
deficiency symptoms of nutrients, nutrient uptake mechanisms; Photosynthesis: Light and Dark reactions, C3, C4
and CAM plants; Respiration: Glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain; Fat Metabolism: Fatty acid
synthesis and Breakdown; Plant growth regulators: Physiological roles and agricultural uses, Physiological
aspects of growth and development of major crops: Growth analysis, Role of Physiological growth parameters in
crop productivity.
Practical: Study of plant cells, structure and distribution of stomata, imbibitions, osmosis, plasmolysis, measurement of root
pressure, rate of transpiration, Separation of photosynthetic pigments through paper chromatography, Rate of transpiration,
photosynthesis, respiration, tissue test for mineral nutrients, estimation of relative water content, Measurement of
photosynthetic CO2 assimilation by Infra Red Gas Analyser (IRGA).

III Semester
1. Crop Production Technology – I (Kharif Crops) APA 204 2(1+1)
2. Fundamentals of Plant Breeding AGP 212 3(2+1)
3. Agricultural Finance and Cooperation AEC 226 3(2+1)
4. Agri- Informatics ABB 252 2(1+1)
5. Farm Machinery and Power AAE 234 2(1+1)
6. Production Technology for Vegetables and Spices APH 276 2(1+1)
7. Environmental Studies and Disaster Management ABB 253 3(2+1)
8. Statistical Methods ABB 254 2(1+1)
9. Livestock and Poultry Management AAS 286 4(3+1)
10. NSS/NCC/Physical Education & Yoga Practices** ANC 267 2(0+2)**
Total 23(14+9)
Crop Production Technology-I (Kharif Crops) 2 (1+1)
Theory: Origin, geographical distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirements, varieties, cultural practices
and yield of Kharif crops. Cereals – rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet, pulses-pigeonpea, mungbean and
urdbean; oilseeds- groundnut, and soybean; fibre crops- cotton & Jute; forage crops-sorghum, cowpea, cluster bean and
napier.
Practical: Rice nursery preparation, transplanting of Rice, sowing of soybean, pigeonpea and mungbean. maize, groundnut
and cotton, effect of seed size on germination and seedling vigour of kharif season crops, effect of sowing depth on germination
of kharif crops, identification of weeds in kharif season crops, top dressing and foliar feeding of nutrients, study of yield
contributing characters and yield calculation of kharif season crops, study of crop varieties and important agronomic
experiments at experimental farm. study of forage experiments, morphological description of kharif season crops, visit to
research centres of related crops.
Fundamentals of Plant Breeding 3 (2+1)
Theory: Historical development, concept, nature and role of plant breeding, major achievements and future prospects;
Genetics in relation to plant breeding, modes of reproduction and apomixes, self-incompatibility and male sterility- genetic
consequences, cultivar options. Domestication, Acclimatization and Introduction; Centres of origin/diversity, components of
Genetic variation; Heritability and genetic advance; Genetic basis and breeding methods in self- pollinated crops - mass and
pure line selection, hybridization techniques and handling of segregating population; Multiline concept. Concepts of population
genetics and Hardy-Weinberg Law, Genetic basis and methods of breeding cross pollinated crops, modes of selection;
Population improvement Schemes- Ear to row method, Modified Ear to Row, recurrent selection schemes; Heterosis and
inbreeding depression, development of inbred lines and hybrids, composite and synthetic varieties; Breeding methods in
asexually propagated crops, clonal selection and hybridization; Maintenance of breeding records and data collection; Wide
hybridization and pre-breeding; Polyploidy in relation to plant breeding, mutation breeding-methods and uses; Breeding for
important biotic and abiotic stresses; Biotechnological tools-DNA markers and marker assisted selection. Participatory plant
breeding; Intellectual Property Rights, Patenting, Plant Breeders and & Farmer’s Rights.
Practical: Plant Breeder’s kit, Study of germplasm of various crops. Study of floral structure of self-pollinated and cross
pollinated crops. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in self & cross pollinated crops. Consequences of inbreeding on
genetic structure of resulting populations. Study of male sterility system. Handling of segregation populations. Methods of
calculating mean, range, variance, standard deviation, heritability. Designs used in plant breeding experiments, analysis of
Randomized Block Design. To work out the mode of pollination in a given crop and extent of natural out-crossing. Prediction
of performance of double cross hybrids.
Agricultural Finance and Cooperation
Theory: Agricultural Finance- meaning, scope and significance, credit needs and its role in Indian agriculture. Agricultural
credit: meaning, definition, need, classification. Credit analysis: 4 R’s, and 3C’s of credits. Sources of agricultural finance:
institutional and non-institutional sources, commercial banks, social control and nationalization of commercial banks, Micro
financing including KCC. Lead bank scheme, RRBs, Scale of finance and unit cost. An introduction to higher financing
institutions – RBI, NABARD, ADB, IMF, world bank, Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India. Cost of credit.
Recent development in agricultural credit. Preparation and analysis of financial statements – Balance Sheet and Income
Statement. Basic guidelines for preparation of project reports- Bank norms – SWOT analysis.
Agricultural Cooperation – Meaning, brief history of cooperative development in India, objectives, principles of cooperation,
significance of cooperatives in Indian agriculture. Agricultural Cooperation in India- credit, marketing, consumer and multi-
purpose cooperatives, farmers’ service cooperative societies, processing cooperatives, farming cooperatives, cooperative
warehousing; role of ICA, NCUI, NCDC, NAFED.
Practical: Determination of most profitable level of capital use. Optimum allocation of limited amount of capital among different
enterprise. Analysis of progress and performance of cooperatives using published data. Analysis of progress and performance
of commercial banks and RRBs using published data. Visit to a commercial bank, cooperative bank and cooperative society
to acquire firsthand knowledge of their management, schemes and procedures. Estimation of credit requirement of farm
business – A case study. Preparation and analysis of balance sheet – A case study. Preparation and analysis of income
statement – A case study. Appraisal of a loan proposal – A case study. Techno-economic parameters for preparation of
projects. Preparation of Bankable projects for various agricultural products and its value added products. Seminar on selected
topics.
Agri- Informatics
Theory: Introduction to Computers, Operating Systems, definition and types, Applications of MS-Office for document creation
& Editing, Data presentation, interpretation and graph creation, statistical analysis, mathematical expressions, Database,
concepts and types, uses of DBMS in Agriculture, World Wide Web (WWW): Concepts and components. Introduction to
computer programming languages, concepts and standard input/output operations. e-Agriculture, concepts and applications,
Use of ICT in Agriculture. Computer Models for understanding plant processes. IT application for computation of water and
nutrient requirement of crops, Computer-controlled devices (automated systems) for Agri-input management, Smartphone
Apps in Agriculture for farm advises, market price, postharvest management etc; Geospatial technology for generating
valuable agri-information. Decision support systems, concepts, components and applications in Agriculture, Agriculture Expert
System, Soil Information Systems etc for supporting Farm decisions. Preparation of contingent crop-planning using IT tools.
Practical: Study of Computer Components, accessories, practice of important DOS Commands. Introduction of different
operating systems such as windows, Unix/ Linux, Creating, Files & Folders, File Management. Use of MS-WORD and MS
Power-point for creating, editing and presenting a scientific Document. MS-EXCEL - Creating a spreadsheet, use of statistical
tools, writing expressions, creating graphs, analysis of scientific data. MS-ACCESS: Creating Database, preparing queries
and reports, demonstration of Agri-information system. Introduction to World Wide Web (WWW). Introduction of programming
languages. Hands on Crop Simulation Models (CSM) such as DSSAT/Crop-Info/CropSyst/ Wofost; Computation of water and
nutrient requirements of crop using CSM and IT tools. Introduction of Geospatial Technology for generating valuable
information for Agriculture. Hands on Decision Support System. Preparation of contingent crop planning.
Farm Machinery and Power
Theory: Status of Farm Power in India, Sources of Farm Power , I.C. engines, working principles of I C engines, comparison
of two stroke and four stroke cycle engines , Study of different components of I.C. engine, I.C. engine terminology and solved
problems, Familiarization with different systems of I.C. engines: Air cleaning, cooling, lubrication ,fuel supply and hydraulic
control system of a tractor, Familiarization with Power transmission system : clutch, gear box, differential and final drive of a
tractor , Tractor types, Cost analysis of tractor power and attached implement, Familiarization with Primary and Secondary
Tillage implement, Implement for hill agriculture, implement for intercultural operations, Familiarization with sowing and
planting equipment, calibration of a seed drill and solved examples, Familiarization with Plant Protection equipment,
Familiarization with harvesting and threshing equipment.
Practical: Study of different components of I.C. engine. To study air cleaning and cooling system of engine, Familiarization
with clutch, transmission, differential and final drive of a tractor, Familiarization with lubrication and fuel supply system of
engine, Familiarization with brake, steering, hydraulic control system of engine, Learning of tractor driving, Familiarization with
operation of power tiller, Implements for hill agriculture, Familiarization with different types of primary and secondary tillage
implements: mould plough, disc plough and disc harrow . Familiarization with seed-cum-fertilizer drills their seed metering
mechanism and calibration, planters and transplanter Familiarization with different types of sprayers and dusters
Familiarization with different inter-cultivation equipment, Familiarization with harvesting and threshing machinery.
Production Technology for Vegetables and Spices
Theory: Importance of vegetables & spices in human nutrition and national economy, kitchen gardening, brief about origin,
area, climate, soil, improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowing, sowing, transplanting techniques,
planting distance, fertilizer requirements, irrigation, weed management, harvesting and yield, physiological disorders, of
important vegetable and spices (Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli, Capsicum, Cucumber, Melons, Gourds, Pumpkin, French bean, Peas;
Cole crops such as Cabbage, Cauliflower, Knol-khol; Bulb crops such as Onion, Garlic; Root crops such as Carrot, Raddish,
Beetroot; Tuber crops such as Potato; Leafy vegetables such as Amaranth, Palak. Perennial vegetables).
Practical: Identification of vegetables & spice crops and their seeds. Nursery raising. Direct seed sowing and transplanting.
Study of morphological characters of different vegetables & spices. Fertilizers applications. Harvesting & preparation for
market. Economics of vegetables and spices cultivation.
Environmental Studies and Disaster Management
Theory: Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies Definition, scope and importance.
Natural Resources: Renewable and non-renewable resources, Natural resources and associated problems. a) Forest
resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest
and tribal people. b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over
water, dams-benefits and problems. c) Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using
mineral resources, case studies. d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing,
effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. e) Energy resources: Growing
energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. f) Land
resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. • Role of an
individual in conservation of natural resources. • Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles. Ecosystems: Concept
of an ecosystem, Structure and function of an ecosystem, Producers, consumers and decomposers, Energy flow in the
ecosystem. Ecological succession, Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. Introduction, types, characteristic
features, structure and function of the following ecosystem: a. Forest ecosystem b. Grassland ecosystem c. Desert ecosystem
d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries). Biodiversity and its conservation: Introduction,
definition, genetic, species & ecosystem diversity and biogeographical classification of India. Value of biodiversity:
consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values. Biodiversity at global, National and local levels,
India as a mega-diversity nation. Hot-sports of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-
wildlife conflicts. Endangered and endemic species of India. Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of
biodiversity. Environmental Pollution: definition, cause, effects and control measures of: a. Air pollution b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise pollution f. Thermal pollution g. Nuclear hazards. Solid Waste Management:
causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. Social
Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable development, Urban problems related to energy, Water
conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management. Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions, climate
change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. dies. Wasteland reclamation.
Consumerism and waste products. Environment Protection Act. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Water
(Prevention and control of Pollution) Act. Wildlife Protection Act. Forest Conservation Act. Issues involved in enforcement of
environmental legislation. Public awareness. Human Population and the Environment: population growth, variation among
nations, population explosion, Family Welfare Programme. Environment and human health: Human Rights, Value Education,
HIV/AIDS. Women and Child Welfare. Role of Information Technology in Environment and human health.
Disaster Management
Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, drought, cyclone, earthquakes,
landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold waves, Climatic change: global warming, Sea level rise, ozone
depletion. Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest fire,
oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, industrial waste water pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents,
sea accidents. Disaster Management- Effect to migrate natural disaster at national and global levels. International strategy for
disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster management framework; financial arrangements; role
of NGOs, community –based organizations and media. Central, state, district and local administration; Armed forces in disaster
response; Disaster response; Police and other organizations.
Practical: Pollution case studies. Case Studies- Field work: Visit to a local area to document environmental assets river/
forest/ grassland/ hill/ mountain, visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural, study of common plants,
insects, birds and study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc.
Statistical Methods
Theory: Introduction to Statistics and its Applications in Agriculture, Graphical Representation of Data, Measures of Central
Tendency & Dispersion, Definition of Probability, Addition and Multiplication Theorem (without proof). Simple Problems Based
on Probability. Binomial & Poisson Distributions, Definition of Correlation, Scatter Diagram. Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of
Correlation. Linear Regression Equations. Introduction to Test of Significance, One sample & two sample test t for Means,
Chi-Square Test of Independence of Attributes in 22 Contingency Table. Introduction to Analysis of Variance, Analysis of
One Way Classification. Introduction to Sampling Methods, Sampling versus Complete Enumeration, Simple Random
Sampling with and without replacement, Use of Random Number Tables for selection of Simple Random Sample.
Practical: Graphical Representation of Data. Measures of Central Tendency (Ungrouped data) with Calculation of Quartiles,
Deciles & Percentiles. Measures of Central Tendency (Grouped data) with Calculation of Quartiles, Deciles & Percentiles.
Measures of Dispersion (Ungrouped Data). Measures of Dispersion (Grouped Data). Moments, Measures of Skewness &
Kurtosis (Ungrouped Data). Moments, Measures of Skewness & Kurtosis (Grouped Data). Correlation & Regression Analysis.
Application of One Sample t-test. Application of Two Sample Fisher’s t-test. Chi-Square test of Goodness of Fit. Chi-Square
test of Independence of Attributes for 22 contingency table. Analysis of Variance One Way Classification. Analysis of
Variance Two Way Classification. Selection of random sample using Simple Random Sampling.
Livestock and Poultry Management
Theory: Role of livestock in the national economy. Reproduction in farm animals and poultry. Housing principles, space
requirements for different species of livestock and poultry. Management of calves, growing heifers and milch animals.
Management of sheep, goat and swine. Incubation, hatching and brooding. Management of growers and layers. Important
Indian and exotic breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and poultry. Improvement of farm animals and poultry. Digestion
in livestock and poultry. Classification of feedstuffs. Proximate principles of feed. Nutrients and their functions. Feed
ingredients for ration for livestock and poultry. Feed supplements and feed additives. Feeding of livestock and poultry.
Introduction of livestock and poultry diseases. Prevention (including vaccination schedule) and control of important diseases
of livestock and poultry.
Practical: External body parts of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and poultry. Handling and restraining of livestock.
Identification methods of farm animals and poultry. Visit to IDF and IPF to study breeds of livestock and poultry and daily
routine farm operations and farm records. Judging of cattle, buffalo and poultry. Culling of livestock and poultry. Planning and
layout of housing for different types of livestock. Computation of rations for livestock. Formulation of concentrate mixtures.
Clean milk production, milking methods. Hatchery operations, incubation and hatching equipments. Management of chicks,
growers and layers. Debeaking, dusting and vaccination. Economics of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and poultry
production.

IV Semester
1. Crop Production Technology –II (Rabi Crops) APA 205 2(1+1)
2. Farming System & Sustainable Agriculture APA 206 1(1+0)
3. Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, MAP and Landscaping APH 277 2(1+1)
4. Renewable Energy and Green Technology AAE 235 2(1+1)
5. Problematic Soils and their Management APS 217 2(2+0)
6. Production Technology for Fruit and Plantation Crops APH 278 2(1+1)
7. Principles of Seed Technology AST 241 3(1+2)
8. Agricultural Marketing Trade & Prices AEC 227 3(2+1)
9. Introductory Agro-meteorology & Climate Change APA 207 2(1+1)
10. Elective Course 3 credit
11. Educational Tour ANC 266 2(0+2)
12. NSS/NCC/Physical Education & Yoga Practices** ANC 267 2(0+2)**
Total 21(11+10) + 3

Agriculture IV Semester
Crop Production Technology-II (Rabi crops) 2 (1+1) Theory: Origin, geographical distribution, economic
importance, soil and climatic requirements, varieties, cultural practices and yield of Rabi crops; cereals –wheat and
barley, pulses-chickpea, lentil, peas, oilseeds-rapeseed, mustard and sunflower; sugar crops-sugarcane;
medicinal and aromatic crops-mentha, lemon grass and citronella, Forage crops-berseem, lucerne and oat.
Crop Production Technology-II (Rabi crops) Practical: Sowing methods of wheat and sugarcane, identification
of weeds in Rabi season crops, study of morphological characteristics of Rabi crops, study of yield contributing
characters of Rabi season crops, yield and juice quality analysis of sugarcane, study of important agronomic
experiments of Rabi crops at experimental farms. Study of Rabi forage experiments, oil extraction of medicinal
crops, visit to research stations of related crops.
Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture 1 (1+0) Theory: Farming System-scope, importance, and
concept, Types and systems of farming system and factors affecting types of farming, Farming system components
and their maintenance, Cropping system and pattern, multiple cropping system, Efficient cropping system and their
evaluation, Allied enterprises and their importance, Tools for determining production and efficiencies in cropping
and farming system; Sustainable agriculture-problems and its impact on agriculture, indicators of sustainability,
adaptation and mitigation, conservation agriculture strategies in agriculture, HEIA, LEIA and LEISA and its
techniques for sustainability, Integrated farming system-historical background, objectives and characteristics,
components of IFS and its advantages, Site specific development of IFS model for different agro-climatic zones,
resource use efficiency and optimization techniques, Resource cycling and flow of energy in different farming
system, farming system and environment, Visit of IFS model in different agro-climatic zones of nearby states
University/ institutes and farmers field.
Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, MAPs and Landscaping 2(1+1) Theory: Importance and
scope of ornamental crops, medicinal and aromatic plants and landscaping. Principles of landscaping. Landscape
uses of trees, shrubs and climbers. Production technology of important cut flowers like rose, gerbera, carnation,
lilium and orchids under protected conditions and gladiolus, tuberose, chrysanthemum under open conditions.
Package of practices for loose flowers like marigold and jasmine under open conditions. Production technology of
important medicinal plants like ashwagandha, asparagus, aloe, costus, Cinnamomum, periwinkle, isabgol and
aromatic plants like mint, lemongrass, citronella, palmarosa, ocimum, rose, geranium, vetiver. Processing and
value addition in ornamental crops and MAPs produce.
Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, MAPs and Landscaping Practical: Identification of
Ornamental plants. Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Nursery bed preparation and seed sowing.
Training and pruning of Ornamental plants. Planning and layout of garden. Bed preparation and planting of MAP.
Protected structures – care and maintenance. Intercultural operations in flowers and MAP. Harvesting and post
harvest handling of cut and loose flowers. Processing of MAP. Visit to commercial flower/MAP unit.
Renewable Energy and Green Technology 2 (1+1) Theory: Classification of energy sources, contribution of
these of sources in agricultural sector, Familiarization with biomass utilization for biofuel production and their
application, Familiarization with types of biogas plants and gasifiers, biogas, bioalcohol, biodiesel and biooil
production and their utilization as bioenergy resource, introduction of solar energy, collection and their application,
Familiarization with solar energy gadgets: solar cooker, solar water heater, application of solar energy: solar drying,
solar pond, solar distillation, solar photovoltaic system and their application, introduction of wind energy and their
application.
Renewable Energy and Green Technology Practical: Familiarization with renewable energy gadgets. To study
biogas plants, To study gasifier, To study the production process of biodiesel, To study briquetting machine, To
study the production process of bio-fuels. Familiarization with different solar energy gadgets. To study solar
photovoltaic system: solar light, solar pumping, solar fencing. To study solar cooker. To study solar drying system.
To study solar distillation and solar pond.
Problematic Soils and their Management 2 (2+0) Theory: Soil quality and health, Distribution of Waste land and
problem soils in India. Their categorization based on properties. Reclamation and management of Saline and sodic
soils, Acid soils, Acid Sulphate soils, Eroded and Compacted soils, Flooded soils, Polluted soils. Irrigation water –
quality and standards, utilization of saline water in agriculture. Remote sensing and GIS in diagnosis and
management of problem soils. Multipurpose tree species, bio remediation through MPTs of soils, land capability
and classification, land suitability classification. Problematic soils under different Agro-ecosystems.
Production Technology for Fruit and Plantation Crops 2 (1+1) Theory: Importance and scope of fruit and
plantation crop industry in India; Importance of rootstocks; Production technologies for the cultivation of major
fruits-mango, banana, citrus, grape, guava, litchi, papaya, sapota, apple, pear, peach, walnut, almond and; minor
fruits- date, ber, pineapple, pomegranate, jackfruit, strawberry, plantation crops-coconut, arecanut, cashew, tea,
coffee & rubber.
Production Technology for Fruit and Plantation Crops Practical: Seed propagation. Scarification and
stratification of seeds. Propagation methods for fruit and plantation crops. Description and identification of fruit.
Preparation of plant bio regulators and their uses, Important pests, diseases and physiological disorders of above
fruit and plantation crops, Visit to commercial orchards.
Principles of Seed Technology 3 (1+2) Theory: Seed and seed technology: introduction, definition and
importance. Deterioration causes of crop varieties and their control; Maintenance of genetic purity during seed
production, seed quality; Definition, Characters of good quality seed, different classes of seed. Foundation and
certified seed production of important cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fodder and vegetables. Seed certification,
phases of certification, procedure for seed certification, field inspection. Seed Act and Seed Act enforcement. Duty
and powers of seed inspector, offences and penalties. Seeds Control Order 1983, Varietal Identification through
Grow Out Test and Electrophoresis, Molecular and Biochemical test. Detection of genetically modified crops,
Transgene contamination in non-GM crops, GM crops and organic seed production.
Seed drying, processing and their steps, seed testing for quality assessment, seed treatment, its importance,
method of application and seed packing. Seed storage; general principles, stages and factors affecting seed
longevity during storage. Measures for pest and disease control during storage. Seed marketing: structure and
organization, sales generation activities, promotional media. Factors affecting seed marketing, Role of WTO and
OECD in seed marketing. Private and public sectors and their production and marketing strategies.
Principles of Seed Technology Practical: Seed production in major cereals: Wheat, Rice, Maize, Sorghum,
Bajra and Ragi. Seed production in major pulses: Urd, Mung, Pigeonpea, Lentil, Gram, Field bean, pea. Seed
production in major oilseeds: Soybean, Sunflower, Rapeseed, Groundnut and Mustard. Seed production in
important vegetable crops. Seed sampling and testing: Physical purity, germination, viability, etc. Seed and
seedling vigour test. Genetic purity test: Grow out test and electrophoresis. Seed certification: Procedure, Field
inspection, Preparation of field inspection report. Visit to seed production farms, seed testing laboratories and seed
processing plant.
Agricultural Marketing, Trade and Prices 3 (2+1) Theory: Agricultural Marketing: Concepts and definitions of
market, marketing, agricultural marketing, market structure, marketing mix and market segmentation, classification
and characteristics of agricultural markets; demand, supply and producer’s surplus of agri-commodities: nature
and determinants of demand and supply of farm products, producer’s surplus – meaning and its types, marketable
and marketed surplus, factors affecting marketable surplus of agri-commodities; product life cycle (PLC) and
competitive strategies: Meaning and stages in PLC; characteristics of PLC; strategies in different stages of PLC;
pricing and promotion strategies: pricing considerations and approaches – cost based and competition based
pricing; market promotion – advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity – their meaning and merits
& demerits; marketing process and functions: Marketing process-concentration, dispersion and equalization;
exchange functions – buying and selling; physical functions – storage, transport and processing; facilitating
functions – packaging, branding, grading, quality control and labeling (Agmark);Market functionaries and marketing
channels: Types and importance of agencies involved in agricultural marketing; meaning and definition of
marketing channel;number of channel levels; marketing channels for different farm products; Integration,
efficiency, costs and price spread: Meaning, definition and types of market integration; marketing efficiency;
marketing costs, margins and price spread; factors affecting cost of marketing; reasons for higher marketing costs
of farm commodities; ways of reducing marketing costs; Role of Govt. in agricultural marketing: Public sector
institutions- CWC, SWC, FCI, CACP & DMI – their objectives and functions; cooperative marketing in India; Risk
in marketing: Types of risk in marketing; speculation & hedging; an overview of futures trading; Agricultural prices
and policy: Meaning and functions of price; administered prices; need for agricultural price policy; Trade: Concept
of International Trade and its need, theories of absolute and comparative advantage. Present status and prospects
of international trade in agri-commodities; GATT and WTO; Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) and its implications
on Indian agriculture; IPR.
Agricultural Marketing, Trade and Prices Practical: Plotting and study of demand and supply curves and
calculation of elasticities; Study of relationship between market arrivals and prices of some selected commodities;
Computation of marketable and marketed surplus of important commodities; Study of price behaviour over time
for some selected commodities; Construction of index numbers; Visit to a local market to study various marketing
functions performed by different agencies, identification of marketing channels for selected commodity, collection
of data regarding marketing costs, margins and price spread and presentation of report in the class; Visit to market
institutions – NAFED, SWC, CWC, cooperative marketing society, etc. to study their organization and functioning;
Application of principles of comparative advantage of international trade.
Introductory Agrometeorology & Climate Change 2(1+1) Theory Meaning and scope of agricultural
meteorology; Earth atmosphere- its composition, extent and structure; Atmospheric weather variables;
Atmospheric pressure, its variation with height; Wind, types of wind, daily and seasonal variation of wind speed,
cyclone, anticyclone, land breeze and sea breeze; Nature and properties of solar radiation, solar constant,
depletion of solar radiation, short wave, longwave and thermal radiation, net radiation, albedo; Atmospheric
temperature, temperature inversion, lapse rate, daily and seasonal variations of temperature, vertical profile of
temperature, Energy balance of earth; Atmospheric humidity, concept of saturation, vapor pressure, process of
condensation, formation of dew, fog, mist, frost, cloud; Precipitation, process of precipitation, types of precipitation
such as rain, snow, sleet, and hail, cloud formation and classification; Artificial rainmaking. Monsoon- mechanism
and importance in Indian agriculture, Weather hazards - drought, floods, frost, tropical cyclones and extreme
weather conditions such as heat-wave and cold-wave. Agriculture and weather relations; Modifications of crop
microclimate, climatic normals for crop and livestock production. Weather forecasting- types of weather forecast
and their uses. Climate change, climatic variability, global warming, causes of climate change and its impact on
regional and national Agriculture.
Introductory Agrometeorology & Climate Change Practical: Visit of Agrometeorological Observatory, site
selection of observatory, exposure of instruments and weather data recording. Measurement of total, shortwave
and longwave radiation, and its estimation using Planck’s intensity law. Measurement of albedo and sunshine
duration, computation of Radiation Intensity using BSS. Measurement of maximum and minimum air temperatures,
its tabulation, trend and variation analysis. Measurement of soil temperature and computation of soil heat flux.
Determination of vapor pressure and relative humidity. Determination of dew point temperature. Measurement of
atmospheric pressure and analysis of atmospheric conditions. Measurement of wind speed and wind direction,
preparation of wind rose. Measurement, tabulation and analysis of rain. Measurement of open pan evaporation
and evapotranspiration. Computation of PET and AET.
Electives:
Weed Management 3(2+1) Theory: Introduction to weeds, characteristics of weeds their harmful and beneficial
effects on ecosystem. Classification, reproduction and dissemination of weeds. Herbicide classification, concept
of adjuvant, surfactant, herbicide formulation and their use. Introduction to mode of action of herbicides and
selectivity. Allelopathy and its application for weed management. Bio-herbicides and their application in agriculture.
Concept of herbicide mixture and utility in agriculture. Herbicide compatibility with agro-chemicals and their
application. Integration of herbicides with non chemical methods of weed management. Herbicide Resistance and
its management.
Weed Management Practical: Techniques of weed preservation. Weed identification and their losses study.
Biology of important weeds. Study of herbicide formulations and mixture of herbicide. Herbicide and agrochemicals
study. Shift of weed flora study in long term experiments. Study of methods of herbicide application, spraying
equipments. Calculations of herbicide doses and weed control efficiency and weed index.
National Service Scheme IV 2 (0+2)
Youth and crime: Sociological and psychological factors influencing youth crime, cybercrime, pear mentoring in
preventing crime and awareness for juvenile justice. Civil/self-defense: Civil defense services, aims and
objectives of civil defense; needs and training of self-defense. Resource mobilization: Writing a project proposal
of self-fund units (SFUs) and its establishment Additional life skills: Positive thinking, self-confidence and
esteem, setting life goals and working to achieve them, management of stress including time management.

V Semester
1. Principles of Integrated Pest and Disease Management APP 337 3(2+1)
2. Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management APS 316 3(2+1)
3. Pests of Crops and Stored Grain and their Management APE 322 3(2+1)
4. Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management -I APP 338 3(2+1)
5. Crop Improvement-I (Kharif Crops) AGP 312 2(1+1)
6. Entrepreneurship Development and Business Communication AAC 349 2(1+1)
7. Geo-informatics and Nano-technology and Precision Farming APA 304 2(1+1)
8. Practical Crop Production – I (Kharifcrops) APA 305 2(0+2)
9. Intellectual Property Rights ABB 352 1(1+0)
10. Elective Course 3 credit
Total 21(12+09)+ 3
Elective Courses: A student can select three elective courses out of the following and offer during 4th, 5th and 6th semesters.

S.N. Courses Course Code Credit Hours

1. Protected Cultivation AES 391 3(2+1)
2. Micro propagation Technologies AES 392 3(1+2)
3. Hi-tech. Horticulture AES 393 3(2+1)
 4. Landscaping AES 394 3(2+1)
5. System Simulation and Agro-advisory AES 395 3(2+1)
6. Agricultural Journalism AES 396 3(2+1)

Principles of Integrated Pest and Disease Management 3 (2+1)

Theory: Categories of insect pests and diseases, IPM: Introduction, history, importance, concepts, principles and tools of
IPM. Economic importance of insect pests, diseases and pest risk analysis. Methods of detection and diagnosis of insect pest
and diseases. Calculation and dynamics of economic injury level and importance of Economic threshold level. Methods of
control: Host plant resistance, cultural, mechanical, physical, legislative, biological and chemical control. Ecological
management of crop environment. Introduction to conventional pesticides for the insect pests and disease management.
Survey surveillance and forecasting of Insect pestand diseases. Development and validation of IPM module. Implementation
and impact of IPM (IPM module for Insect pest and disease. Safety issues in pesticide uses. Political, social and legal
implication of IPM. Case histories of important IPM programmes. Case histories of important IPM programmes.
Practical: Methods of diagnosis and detection of various insect pests, and plant diseases, Methods of insect pests and plant
disease measurement, Assessment of crop yield losses, calculations based on economics of IPM,Identification of biocontrol
agents, different predators and natural enemies. Mass multiplication of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, Trichogramma, NPV etc.
Identification and nature of damage of important insect pests and diseases and their management. Crop (agro-ecosystem)
dynamics of a selected insect pest and diseases. Plan & assess preventive strategies (IPM module) and decision making.
crop monitoring attacked by insect, pestand diseases . Awareness campaign at farmers fields.
Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management 3 (2+1)
Theory: Introduction and importance of organic manures, properties and methods of preparation of bulky and concentrated
manures. Green/leaf manuring. Fertilizer recommendation approaches. Integrated nutrient management.
Chemical fertilizers: classification, composition and properties of major nitrogenous, phosphatic, potassic fertilizers, secondary
& micronutrient fertilizers, Complex fertilizers, nano fertilizers Soil amendments, Fertilizer Storage, Fertilizer Control Order.
History of soil fertility and plant nutrition. criteria of essentiality. role, deficiency and toxicity symptoms of essential plant
nutrients, Mechanisms of nutrient transport to plants, factors affecting nutrient availability to plants. Chemistry of soil nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and micronutrients. Soil fertility evaluation, Soil testing. Critical levels
of different nutrients in soil. Forms of nutrients in soil, plant analysis, rapid plant tissue tests. Indicator plants. Methods of
fertilizer recommendations to crops. Factor influencing nutrient use efficiency (NUE), methods of application under rainfed and
irrigated conditions.
Practical: Introduction of analytical instruments and their principles, calibration and applications, Colorimetry and flame
photometry. Estimation of soil organic carbon, Estimation of alkaline hydrolysable N in soils. Estimation of soil extractable P
in soils. Estimation of exchangeable K; Ca and Mg in soils . Estimation of soil extractable S in soils.. Estimation of DTPA
extractable Zn in soils. Estimation of N in plants. Estimation of P in plants. Estimation of K in plants. Estimation of S in plants.
Pests of Crops and Stored Grains and their Management 3(2+1)
Theory: General account on nature and type of damage by different arthropods pests. Scientific name, order, family, host
range, distribution, biology and bionomics, nature of damage, and management of major pests and scientific name, order,
family, host range, distribution, nature of damage and control practice other important arthropod pests of various field crop,
vegetable crop, fruit crop, plantation crops, ornamental crops, spices and condiments. Factors affecting losses of stored grain
and role of physical, biological, mechanical and chemical factors in deterioration of grain. Insect pests, mites, rodents, birds
and microorganisms associated with stored grain and their management. Storage structure and methods of grain storage and
fundamental principles of grain store management.
Practical: Identification of different types of damage. Identification and study of life cycle and seasonal history of various
insect pests attacking crops and their produce: (a) Field Crops; (b) Vegetable Crops; (c) Fruit Crops; (d) Plantation, gardens,
Narcotics, spices & condiments. Identification of insect pests and Mites associated with stored grain. Determination of insect
infestation by different methods. Assessment of losses due to insects. Calculations on the doses of insecticides application
technique. Fumigation of grain store / godown. Identification of rodents and rodent control operations in godowns. Identification
of birds and bird control operations in godowns. Determination of moisture content of grain. Methods of grain sampling under
storage condition. Visit to Indian Storage Management and Research Institute, Hapur and Quality Laboratory, Department of
Food., Delhi. Visit to nearest FCI godowns
Diseases of Field & Horticultural Crops & their Management-I 3 (2+1)
Theory: Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of major diseases of following crops: Field Crops: Rice: blast,
brown spot, bacterial blight, sheath blight, false smut, khaira and tungro; Maize: stalk rots, downy mildew, leaf spots; Sorghum:
smuts, grain mold and anthracnose, Bajra :downy mildew and ergot; Groundnut: early and late leaf spots, wilt; Soybean:
Rhizoctonia blight, bacterial spot, seed and seedling rot and mosaic; Pigeonpea: Phytophthora blight, wilt and sterility mosaic;
Finger millet: Blast and leaf spot; black & green gram: Cercospora leaf spot and anthracnose, web blight and yellow mosaic;
Castor: Phytophthora blight; Tobacco: black shank, black root rot and mosaic. Horticultural Crops: Guava: wilt and
anthracnose; Banana: Panama wilt, bacterial wilt, Sigatoka and bunchy top; Papaya: foot rot, leaf curl and mosaic,
Pomegranate: bacterial blight; Cruciferous vegetables: Alternaria leaf spot and black rot; Brinjal: Phomopsis blight and fruit
rot and Sclerotinia blight; Tomato: damping off, wilt, early and late blight, buck eye rot and leaf curl and mosaic; Okra: Yellow
Vein Mosaic; Beans: anthracnose and bacterial blight; Ginger: soft rot; Colocasia: Phytophthora blight; Coconut: wilt and bud
rot; Tea: blister blight; Coffee: rust
Practical: Identification and histopathological studies of selected diseases of field and horticultural crops covered in theory.
Field visit for the diagnosis of field problems. Collection and preservation of plant diseased specimens for Herbarium; Note:
Students should submit 50 pressed and well-mounted specimens.
1. Crop Improvement – I (Kharif) 2 (1+1)
Theory: Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cereals; pulses; oilseeds; fibres; fodders and cash
crops; vegetable and horticultural crops; Plant genetic resources, its utilization and conservation, study of genetics of
qualitative and quantitative characters; Important concepts of breeding self pollinated, cross pollinated and vegetatively
propagated crops; Major breeding objectives and procedures including conventional and modern innovative approaches for
development of hybrids and varieties for yield, adaptability, stability, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and quality (physical,
chemical, nutritional); Hybrid seed production technology in Maize, Rice, Sorghum, Pearl millet and Pigeonpea, etc. Ideotype
concept and climate resilient crop varieties for future.
Practical: Floral biology, emasculation and hybridization techniques in different crop species; viz., Rice, Jute, Maize,
Sorghum, Pearl millet, Ragi, Pigeonpea, Urdbean, Mungbean, Soybean, Groundnut, Seasame, Caster, Cotton, Cowpea,
Tobacco, Brinjal, Okra and Cucurbitaceous crops. Maintenance breeding of different kharif crops. Handling of germplasm and
segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods; Study of field techniques
for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Kharif crops; Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability;
Layout of field experiments; Study of quality characters, donor parents for different characters; Visit to seed production plots;
Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops.
Entrepreneurship Development and Business Communication 2 (1+1)
Theory: Concept of Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship Development, Characteristics of entrepreneurs; SWOT Analysis &
achievement motivation, Government policy and programs and institutions for entrepreneurship development, Impact of
economic reforms on Agribusiness/ Agrienterprises, Entrepreneurial Development Process; Business Leadership Skills;
Developing organizational skill (controlling, supervising, problem solving, monitoring & evaluation), Developing Managerial
skills, Business Leadership Skills (Communication, direction and motivation Skills), Problem solving skill, Supply chain
management and Total quality management, Project Planning Formulation and report preparation; Financing of enterprise,
Opportunities for agri-entrepreneurship and rural enterprise.
Practical: Assessing entrepreneurial traits, problem solving skills, managerial skills and achievement motivation, exercise in
creativity, time audit through planning, monitoring and supervision, identification and selection of business idea, preparation
of business plan and proposal writing, visit to entrepreneurship development institute and entrepreneurs.
Geoinformatics, Nano-technology and Precision Farming 2(1+1)
Theory: Precision agriculture: concepts and techniques; their issues and concerns for Indian agriculture; Geo-informatics-
definition, concepts, tool and techniques; their use in Precision Agriculture. Crop discrimination and Yield monitoring, soil
mapping; fertilizer recommendation using geospatial technologies; Spatial data and their management in GIS; Remote sensing
concepts and application in agriculture; Image processing and interpretation; Global positioning system (GPS), components
and its functions; Introduction to crop Simulation Models and their uses for optimization of Agricultural Inputs; STCR approach
for precision agriculture; Nanotechnology, definition, concepts and techniques, brief introduction about nanoscale effects,
nano-particles, nano-pesticides, nano-fertilizers, nano-sensors, Use of nanotechnology in seed, water, fertilizer, plant
protection for scaling-up farm productivity.
Practical: Introduction to GIS software, spatial data creation and editing. Introduction to image processing software. Visual
and digital interpretation of remote sensing images. Generation of spectral profiles of different objects. Supervised and
unsupervised classification and acreage estimation. Multispectral remote sensing for soil mapping. Creation of thematic layers
of soil fertility based on GIS. Creation of productivity and management zones. Fertilizers recommendations based of VRT and
STCR techniques. Crop stress (biotic/abiotic) monitoring using geospatial technology. Use of GPS for agricultural survey.
Formulation, characterization and applications of nanoparticles in agriculture. Projects formulation and execution related to
precision farming.
Practical Crop Production-I (Kharif Crops) 2 (0+2)
Crop planning, raising field crops in multiple cropping systems: Field preparation, seed, treatment, nursery raising,
sowing, nutrient, water and weed management and management of insect-pests diseases of crops, harvesting, threshing,
drying winnowing, storage and marketing of produce. The emphasis will be given to seed production, mechanization, resource
conservation and integrated nutrient, insect-pest and disease management technologies. Preparation of balance sheet
including cost of cultivation, net returns per student as well as per team of 8-10 students
Intellectual Property Rights 1 (1+0)
Introduction and meaning of intellectual property, brief introduction to GATT, WTO, TRIPs and WIPO, Treaties for IPR
protection: Madrid protocol, Berne Convention, Budapest treaty, etc. Types of Intellectual Property and legislations covering
IPR in India:-Patents, Copyrights, Trademark, Industrial design, Geographical indications, Integrated circuits, Trade secrets.
Patents Act 1970 and Patent system in India, patentability, process and product patent, filing of patent, patent specification,
patent claims, Patent opposition and revocation, infringement, Compulsory licensing, Patent Cooperation Treaty, Patent
search and patent database. Origin and history including a brief introduction to UPOV for protection of plant varieties,
Protection of plant varieties under UPOV and PPV&FR Act of India, Plant breeders rights, Registration of plant varieties under
PPV&FR Act 2001, breeders, researcher and farmers rights. Traditional knowledge-meaning and rights of TK holders.
Convention on Biological Diversity, International treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (ITPGRFA). Indian
Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and its salient features, access and benefit sharing.
ELECTIVE COURSES
Landscaping 3(2+1)
Theory: Importance and scope of landscaping. Principles of landscaping, garden styles and types, terrace gardening, vertical
gardening, garden components, adornments, lawn making, rockery, water garden, walk-paths, bridges, other constructed
features etc. gardens for special purposes. Trees: selection, propagation, planting schemes, canopy management, shrubs
and herbaceous perennials: selection, propagation, planting schemes, architecture. Climber and creepers: importance,
selection, propagation, planting, Annuals: selection, propagation, planting scheme, Other garden plants: palms, ferns, grasses
and cacti succulents. Pot plants: selection, arrangement, management. Bio-aesthetic planning: definition, need, planning;
landscaping of urban and rural areas, Peri-urban landscaping, Landscaping of schools, public places like bus station, railway
station, townships, river banks, hospitals, play grounds, airports, industries, institutions. Bonsai: principles and management,
lawn: establishment and maintenance. CAD application.
Practical: Identification of trees, shrubs, annuals, pot plants; Propagation of trees, shrubs and annuals, care and maintenance
of plants, potting and repotting, identification of tools and implements used in landscape design, training and pruning of plants
for special effects, lawn establishment and maintenance, layout of formal gardens, informal gardens, special type of gardens
(sunken garden, terrace garden, rock garden) and designing of conservatory and lathe house. Use of computer software, visit
to important gardens/ parks/ institutes.
Protected Cultivation 3(2+1)
Theory: Protected cultivation- importance and scope, Status of protected cultivation in India and World types of protected
structure based on site and climate. Cladding material involved in greenhouse/ poly house. Greenhouse design, environment
control, artificial lights, Automation. Soil preparation and management, Substrate management. Types of benches and
containers. Irrigation and fertigation management. Propagation and production of quality planting material of horticultural
crops. Greenhouse cultivation of important horticultural crops – rose, carnation, chrysanthemum, gerbera, orchid, anthurium,
lilium, tulip, tomato, bell pepper, cucumber, strawberry, pot plants, etc. Cultivation of economically important medicinal and
aromatic plants. Off-season production of flowers and vegetables. Insect pest and disease management.
Practical: Raising of seedlings and saplings under protected conditions, use of protrays in quality planting material production,
Bed preparation and planting of crop for production, Inter cultural operations, Soil EC and pH measurement, Regulation of
irrigation and fertilizers through drip, fogging ad misting.
Micro propagation Technologies 3(1+2)
Theory: Introduction, History, Advantages and limitations; Types of cultures (seed, embryo, organ, callus, cell), Stages of
micropropagation, Axillary bud proliferation (Shoot tip and meristem culture, bud culture),Organogenesis (callus and direct
organ formation), Somatic embryogenesis, cell suspension cultures, Production of secondary metabolites , Somaclonal
variation, Cryopreservation
Practical: Identification and use of equipments in tissue culture Laboratory, Nutrition media composition, sterilization
techniques for media, containers and small instruments, sterilization techniques for explants, Preparation of stocks and
working solution, Preparation of working medium, Culturing of explants :Seeds, shoot tip and single node, Callus induction,
Induction of somatic embryos regeneration of whole plants from different explants, Hardening procedures.
Hi-tech. Horticulture 3(2+1)
Theory: Introduction & importance; Nursery management and mechanization; micro propagation of horticultural crops;
Modern field preparation and planting methods, Protected cultivation: advantages, controlled conditions, method and
techniques, Micro irrigation systems and its components; EC, pH based fertilizer scheduling, canopy management, high
density orcharding, Components of precision farming: Remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS), Differential
Geo-positioning System (DGPS), Variable Rate applicator (VRA), application of precision farming in horticultural crops (fruits,
vegetables and ornamental crops); mechanized harvesting of produce.
Practical: Types of polyhouses and shade net houses, Intercultural operations, tools and equipments identification and
application, Micro propagation, Nursery-protrays, micro-irrigation, EC, pH based fertilizer scheduling, canopy management,
visit to hi-tech orchard/nursery.
System Simulation and Agroadvisory 3(2+1)
Theory: System Approach for representing soil-plant-atmospheric continuum, system boundaries, Crop models, concepts &
techniques, types of crop models, data requirements, relational diagrams. Evaluation of crop responses to weather elements;
Elementary crop growth models; calibration, validation, verification and sensitivity analysis.Potential and achievable crop
production- concept and modelling techniques for their estimation. Crop production in moisture and nutrients limited conditions;
components of soil water and nutrients balance. Weather forecasting, types, methods, tools & techniques, forecast verification;
Value added weather forecast, ITK for weather forecast and its validity; Crop-Weather Calendars; Preparation of agro-advisory
bulletin based on weather forecast. Use of crop simulation model for preparation of Agro-advisory and its effective
dissemination.
Practical: Preparation of crop weather calendars. Preparation of agro-advisories based on weather forecast using various
approaches and synoptic charts. Working with statistical and simulation models for crop growth. Potential & achievable
production; yield forecasting, insect & disease forecasting models. Simulation with limitations of water and nutrient
management options. Sensitivity analysis of varying weather and crop management practices. Use of statistical approaches
in data analysis and preparation of historical, past and present meteorological data for medium range weather forecast.
Feedback from farmers about the agroadvisory.
Agricultural Journalism 3(2+1)
Theory: Agricultural Journalism: The nature and scope of agricultural journalism characteristics and training of the agricultural
journalist, how agricultural journalism is similar to and different from other types of journalism. Newspapers and magazines as
communication media: Characteristics; kinds and functions of newspapers and magazines, characteristics of newspaper and
magazine readers. Form and content of newspapers and magazines: Style and language of newspapers and magazines,
parts of newspapers and magazines. The agricultural story: Types of agricultural stories, subject matter of the agricultural
story, structure of the agricultural story. Gathering agricultural information: Sources of agricultural information, interviews,
coverage of events, abstracting from research and scientific materials, wire services, other agricultural news sources. Writing
the story: Organizing the material, treatment of the story, writing the news lead and the body, readability measures. Illustrating
agricultural stories: Use of photographs, use of artwork (graphs, charts, maps, etc.), writing the captions. Editorial mechanics:
Copy reading, headline and title writing, proofreading, lay outing.
Practical: Practice in interviewing. Covering agricultural events. Abstracting stories from research and scientific materials and
from wire services. Writing different types of agricultural stories. Selecting pictures and artwork for the agricultural story.
Practice in editing, copy reading, headline and title writing, proofreading, layouting. Testing copy with a readability formula.
Visit to a publishing office.

VI Semester
1. Rainfed Agriculture & Watershed Management APA 307 2(1+1)
2. Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture AAE 332 2(1+1)
3. Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management-II APP 339 3(2+1)
4. Post-harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits and Vegetables APH 376 2(1+1)
5. Management of Beneficial Insects APE 323 2(1+1)
6. Crop Improvement-II (Rabi crops) AGP 313 2(1+1)
7. Practical Crop Production –II (Rabi crops) APA 306 2(0+2)
8. Principles of Organic Farming APA 308 2(1+1)
9. Farm Management, Production & Resource Economics AEC 328 2(1+1)
10. Principles of Food Science and Nutrition AFS 381 2(2+0)
11. Elective Course 3 credits
Total 21 (11 + 10)+ 3
Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management – (New) 2(1+1)
Theory
Rainfed agriculture: Introduction, types, History of rainfed agriculture and watershed in India; Problems
and prospects of rainfed agriculture in India ; Soil and climatic conditions prevalent in rainfed areas; Soil
and water conservation techniques, Drought: types, effect of water deficit on physio- morphological
characteristics of the plants, Crop adaptation and mitigation to drought; Water harvesting: importance, its
techniques, Efficient utilization of water through soil and crop management practices,Management of
crops in rainfed areas, Contingent crop planning for aberrant weather conditions, Concept, objective,
principles and components of watershed management, factors affecting watershed management.
Practical
Studies on climate classification, studies on rainfall pattern in rainfed areas of the country and pattern of
onset and withdrawal of monsoons. Studies on cropping pattern of different rainfed areas in the country
and demarcation of rainfed area on map of India. Interpretation of meteorological data and scheduling of
supplemental irrigation on the basis of evapo-transpiration demand of crops. Critical analysis of rainfall
and possible drought period in the country, effective rainfall and its calculation. Studies on cultural
practices for mitigating moisture stress. Characterization and delineation of model watershed. Field
demonstration on soil & moisture conservation measures. Field demonstration on construction of water
harvesting structures. Visit to rainfed research station/watershed.
Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture 2 (1+1)
Theory
Green house technology: Introduction, Types of Green Houses; Plant response to Green house
environment, Planning and design of greenhouses, Design criteria of green house for cooling and heating
purposes. Green house equipments, materials of construction for traditional and low cost green houses.
Irrigation systems used in greenhouses, typical applications, passive solar green house, hot air green
house heating systems, green house drying. Cost estimation and economic analysis.
Important Engineering properties such as physical, thermal and aero & hydrodynamic properties of
cereals, pulses and oilseed, their application in PHT equipment design and operation. Drying and
dehydration; moisture measurement, EMC, drying theory, various drying method, commercial grain dryer
(deep bed dryer, flat bed dryer, tray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, recirculatory dryer and solar dryer). Material
handling equipment; conveyer and elevators, their principle, working and selection.
Practical
Study of different type of green houses based on shape. Determine the rate of air exchange in an active
summer winter cooling system. Determination of drying rate of agricultural products inside green house.
Study of green house equipments. Visit to various Post Harvest Laboratories. Determination of Moisture
content of various grains by oven drying & infrared moisture methods. Determination of engineering
properties (shape and size, bulk density and porosity of biomaterials). Determination of Moisture content
of various grains by moisture meter. Field visit to seed processing plant.
Diseases of Field & Horticultural Crops & their Management-II 3(2+1)
Theory
Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of following diseases:
Field Crops:
Wheat: rusts, loose smut, karnal bunt, powdery mildew, alternaria blight, and ear cockle;
Sugarcane: red rot, smut, wilt, grassy shoot, ratoon stunting and Pokkah Boeng;
Sunflower: Sclerotinia stem rot and Alternaria blight; Mustard: Alternaria blight, white rust, downy mildew
and Sclerotinia stem rot; Gram: wilt, grey mould and Ascochyta blight; Lentil: rust and wilt; Cotton:
anthracnose, vascular wilt, and black arm; Pea: downy mildew, powdery mildew and rust.
Horticultural Crops:
Mango: anthracnose, malformation, bacterial blight and powdery mildew; Citrus: canker and gummosis;
Grape vine: downy mildew, Powdery mildew and anthracnose; Apple: scab, powdery mildew, fire blight
and crown gall; Peach: leaf curl.
Strawberry: leaf spot Potato: early and late blight, black scurf, leaf roll, and mosaic;
Cucurbits: downy mildew, powdery mildew, wilt; Onion and garlic: purple blotch, and Stemphylium blight;
Chillies: anthracnose and fruit rot, wilt and leaf curl; Turmeric: leaf spot Coriander: stem gall Marigold:
Botrytis blight; Rose: dieback, powdery mildew and black leaf spot.
Practical
Identification and histopathological studies of selected diseases of field and horticultural crops covered
in theory. Field visit for the diagnosis of field problems. Collection and preservation of plant diseased
specimens for herbarium.
Note: Students should submit 50 pressed and well-mountedspecimens.
Post-harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits and Vegetables 2(1+1)
Theory
Importance of post-harvest processing of fruits and vegetables, extent and possible causes of post
harvest losses; Pre-harvest factors affecting postharvest quality, maturity, ripening and changes
occurring during ripening; Respiration and factors affecting respiration rate; Harvesting and field handling;
Storage (ZECC, cold storage, CA, MA, and hypobaric); Value addition concept; Principles and methods
of preservation; Intermediate moisture food- Jam, jelly, marmalade, preserve, candy – Concepts and
Standards; Fermented and non-fermented beverages. Tomato products- Concepts and Standards;
Drying/ Dehydration of fruits and vegetables – Concept and methods, osmotic drying. Canning -–
Concepts and Standards, packaging of products.
Practical
Applications of different types of packaging, containers for shelf life extension. Effect of temperature on
shelf life and quality of produce. Demonstration of chilling and freezing injury in vegetables and fruits.
Extraction and preservation of pulps and juices. Preparation of jam, jelly, RTS, nectar, squash,
osmotically dried products, fruit bar and candy and tomato products, canned products. Quality evaluation
of products -- physico-chemical and sensory. Visit to processing unit/ industry.
Management of Beneficial Insects 2 (1+1)
Theory
Importance of beneficial Insects, Beekeeping and pollinators, bee biology, commercial methods of
rearing, equipment used, seasonal management, bee enemies and disease. Bee pasturage, bee foraging
and communication. Insect pests and diseases of honey bee. Role of pollinators in cross pollinated plants.
Types of silkworm, voltinism and biology of silkworm. Mulberry cultivation, mulberry varieties and
methods of harvesting and preservation of leaves. Rearing, mounting and harvesting of cocoons. Pest
and diseases of silkworm, management, rearing appliances of mulberry silkworm and methods of
disinfection.
Species of lac insect, morphology, biology, host plant, lac production – seed lac, button lac, shellac, lac-
products. Identification of major parasitoids and predators commonly being used in biological control.
Insect orders bearing predators and parasitoids used in pest control and their mass multiplication
techniques. Important species of pollinator, weed killers and scavengers with their importance.
Practical
Honey bee species, castes of bees. Beekeeping appliances and seasonal management, bee enemies
and disease. Bee pasturage, bee foraging and communication. Types of silkworm, voltinism and biology
of silkworm. Mulberry cultivation, mulberry varieties and methods of harvesting and preservation of
leaves. Species of lac insect, host plant identification. Identification of other important pollinators, weed
killers and scavengers. Visit to research and training institutions devoted to beekeeping, sericulture, lac
culture and natural enemies. Identification and techniques for mass multiplication of natural enemies.
Crop Improvement – II (Rabi) 2 (1+1)
Theory
Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cereals; pulses; oilseeds; fodder crops
and cash crops; vegetable and horticultural crops; Plant genetic resources, its utilization and
conservation; study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters; Major breeding objectives and
procedures including conventional and modern innovative approaches for development of hybrids and
varieties for yield, adaptability, stability, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and quality (physical, chemical,
nutritional); Hybrid seed production technology of rabi crops. Ideotype concept and climate resilient crop
varieties for future.
Practical
Floral biology, emasculation and hybridization techniques in different crop species namely Wheat, Oat,
Barley, Chickpea, Lentil, Field pea, Rajma, Horse gram, Rapeseed Mustard, Sunflower, Safflower,
Potato, Berseem. Sugarcane, Tomato, Chilli, Onion; Handling of germplasm and segregating populations
by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods; Study of field techniques for
seed production and hybrid seeds production in Rabi crops; Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding
depression and heritability; Layout of field experiments; Study of quality characters, study of donor
parents for different characters; Visit to seed production plots; Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops
Practical Crop Production-II (Rabi Crops) 2 (0+2)
Practical
Crop planning, raising field crops in multiple cropping systems: Field preparation, seed, treatment,
nursery raising, sowing, nutrient, water and weed management and management of insect-pests
diseases of crops, harvesting, threshing, drying winnowing, storage and marketing of produce. The
emphasis will be given to seed production, mechanization, resource conservation and integrated nutrient,
insect-pest and disease management technologies. Preparation of balance sheet including cost of
cultivation, net returns per student as well as per team of 8-10 students.

Principles of Organic Farming 2(1+1)

Theory
Organic farming, principles and its scope in India; Initiatives taken by Government (central/state), NGOs
and other organizations for promotion of organic agriculture; Organic ecosystem and their concepts;
Organic nutrient resources and its fortification; Restrictions to nutrient use in organic farming; Choice of
crops and varieties in organic farming; Fundamentals of insect, pest, disease and weed management
under organic mode of production; Operational structure of NPOP; Certification process and standards
of organic farming; Processing, leveling, economic considerations and viability, marketing and export
potential of organic products.
Practical
Visit of organic farms to study the various components and their utilization; Preparation of enrich compost,
vermicompost, bio-fertilizers/bio-inoculants and their quality analysis; Indigenous technology knowledge
(ITK) for nutrient, insect, pest disease and weed management; Cost of organic production system; Post
harvest management; Quality aspect, grading, packaging and handling.
Farm Management, Production and Resource Economics 2 (1+1)
Theory
Meaning and concept of farm management, objectives and relationship with other sciences. Meaning and
definition of farms, its types and characteristics, factor determining types and size of farms.Principles of
farm management: concept of production function and its type, use of production function in decision-
making on a farm, factor-product, factor-factor and product-product relationship, law of equi-marginal/or
principles of opportunity cost and law of comparative advantage. Meaning and concept of cost, types of
costs and their interrelationship, importance of cost in managing farm business and estimation of gross
farm income, net farm income, family labor income and farm business income. Farm business analysis:
meaning and concept of farm income and profitability, technical and economic efficiency measures in
crop and livestock enterprises. Importance of farm records and accounts in managing a farm, various
types of farm records needed to maintain on farm, farm inventory, balance sheet, profit and loss accounts.
Meaning and importance of farm planning and budgeting, partial and complete budgeting, steps in farm
planning and budgeting-linear programming, appraisal of farm resources, selection of crops and
livestock’s enterprises. Concept of risk and uncertainty occurs in agriculture production, nature and
sources of risks and its management strategies, Crop/livestock/machinery insurance – weather based
crop insurance, features, determinants of compensation. Concepts of resource economics, differences
between NRE and agricultural economics, unique properties of natural resources. Positive and negative
externalities in agriculture, Inefficiency and welfare loss, solutions, Important issues in economics and
management of common property resources of land, water, pasture and forest resources etc.
Practical
Preparation of farm layout. Determination of cost of fencing of a farm. Computation of depreciation cost
of farm assets. Application of equi-marginal returns/opportunity cost principle in allocation of farm
resources. Determination of most profitable level of inputs use in a farm production process.
Determination of least cost combination of inputs. Selection of most profitable enterprise combination.
Application of cost principles including CACP concepts in the estimation of cost of crop and livestock
enterprises. Preparation of farm plan and budget, farm records and accounts and profit & loss accounts.
Collection and analysis of data on various resources in India.
Principles of Food Science and Nutrition 2 (2+0)
Theory
Concepts of Food Science (definitions, measurements, density, phase change, pH, osmosis, surface
tension, colloidal systems etc.); Food composition and chemistry (water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
vitamins, minerals, flavours, colours, miscellaneous bioactives, important reactions); Food microbiology
(bacteria, yeast, moulds, spoilage of fresh & processed foods, Production of fermented foods);
Principles and methods of food processing and preservation (use of heat, low temperature, chemicals,
radiation, drying etc.); Food and nutrition, Malnutrition (over and under nutrition), nutritional disorders;
Energy metabolism (carbohydrate, fat, proteins); Balanced/ modified diets, Menu planning, New trends
in food science and nutrition.

VII Semester
VII Semester
SN. Rural Agricultural Work Experience and Agro-industrial Attachment
(RAWE & AIA)
Activities No. of Credit
weeks Hours
1 General orientation & On campus training by different 1
faculties
2 Village attachment 8 14
Unit attachment in Univ./ College. KVK/ Research Station 5
Attachment
3 Plant clinic 2 02
Agro-Industrial Attachment 3 04
4 Project Report Preparation, Presentation and Evaluation 1
Total weeks for RAWE & AIA 20 20
 Agro- Industrial Attachment: The students would be attached with the agro-industries for a
period of 3 weeks to get an experience of the industrial environment and working.
RAWE Component-I
Village Attachment Training Programme

Sl. No. Activity Duration

1 Orientation and Survey of Village 1 week
2 Agronomical Interventions 1 week
3 Plant Protection Interventions 1 week
4 Soil Improvement Interventions 1 week
(Soil sampling and testing)
5 Fruit and Vegetable production interventions 1 week
6 Food Processing and Storage interventions
7 Animal Production Interventions 1 week
8 Extension and Transfer of Technology activities 1 week

RAWE Component –II

Agro Industrial Attachment
• Students shall be placed in Agro-and Cottage industries and Commodities Boards for 03 weeks.
• Industries include Seed/Sapling production, Pesticides-insecticides, Post harvest-processing-value
addition, Agri-finance institutions, etc.
Activities and Tasks during Agro-Industrial Attachment Programme
 Acquaintance with industry and staff
 Study of structure, functioning, objective and mandates of the industry
 Study of various processing units and hands-on trainings under supervision of industry staff
 Ethics of industry
 Employment generated by the industry
 Contribution of the industry promoting environment
 Learning business network including outlets of the industry
 Skill development in all crucial tasks of the industry
 Documentation of the activities and task performed by the students
 Performance evaluation, appraisal and ranking of students
Modules for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship: A student has to register 20 credits opting
for two modules of (0+10) credits each (total 20 credits) from the package of modules in the VIII
semester.
Sr. Title of the module Credits
1. Production Technology for Bioagents and Biofertilizer 0+10
2. Seed Production and Technology 0+10
3. Mushroom Cultivation Technology 0+10
4. Soil, Plant, Water and Seed Testing 0+10
 5. Commercial Beekeeping 0+10
6. Poultry Production Technology 0+10
7. Commercial Horticulture 0+10
8. Floriculture and Landscaping 0+10
9. Food Processing 0+10
10. Agriculture Waste Management 0+10
11. Organic Production Technology 0+10
12. Commercial Sericulture 0+10

NOTE: In addition to above ELP modules other important modules may be given to the students
by SAUs
Evaluation of Experiential Learning Programme/ HOT
Sl.No. Parameters Max. Marks
1. Project Planning and Writing 10
2. Presentation 10
3. Regularity 10
4. Monthly Assessment 10
5. Output delivery 10
6. Technical Skill Development 10
7. Entrepreneurship Skills 10
8. Business networking skills 10
9. Report Writing Skills 10
10. Final Presentation 10

Total 100

SN. Rural Agricultural Work Experience and Agro-industrial Attachment (RAWE &AIA)
Activities No. of weeks Credit Hours
1 General orientation & On campus training by different faculties 1
2 Village attachment 8 14
Unit attachment in Univ./ College. KVK/ Research Station Attachment 5
3 Plant clinic 2 02
Agro-Industrial Attachment 3 04
4 Project Report Preparation, Presentation and Evaluation 1
Total weeks for RAWE & AIA 20 20
Modules for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship: A student has to register 20 credits opting for two
modules of (0+10) credits each (total 20 credits) from the package of modules in the VIII semester.
 Sr. Title of the module Credits Course Code
13. Production Technology for Bio-agents and Bio-fertilizer 0+10 AEL 406
14. Seed Production and Technology 0+10 AEL 407
15. Mushroom Cultivation Technology 0+10 AEL 408
16. Soil, Plant, Water and Seed Testing 0+10 AEL 409
17. Commercial Beekeeping 0+10 AEL 410
18. Poultry Production Technology 0+10 AEL 411
19. Commercial Horticulture 0+10 AEL 412
20. Floriculture and Landscaping 0+10 AEL 413
21. Food Processing 0+10 AEL 414
22. Agriculture Waste Management 0+10 AEL 415
23. Organic Production Technology 0+10 AEL 416
24. Commercial Sericulture 0+10 AEL 417
NOTE: In addition to above ELP modules other important modules may be given to the students by SAUs
Elective Courses: A student can select three elective courses out of the following and offer during 4th, 5th and 6th
semesters.
S.N. Courses Credit Hours Course Code
7. Agribusiness Management 3(2+1) AES 291
8. Agrochemicals 3(2+1) AES 292
9. Commercial Plant Breeding 3(1+2) AES 293
10. Landscaping 3(2+1) AES 294
11. Food Safety and Standards 3(2+1) AES 295
12. Bio-pesticides & Bio-fertilizers 3(2+1) AES 296
13. Protected Cultivation 3(2+1) AES 391
14. Micro propagation Technologies 3(1+2) AES 392
15. Hi-tech. Horticulture 3(2+1) AES 393
16. Weed Management 3(2+1) AES 394
17. System Simulation and Agro-advisory 3(2+1) AES 395
18. Agricultural Journalism 3(2+1) AES 396
Total Credit Hours= Remedial Courses 04/03*
Non-Gradial Courses 03**
Core courses 18(12+6)/24(16+8)/23(14+9)/ 21(11+10)/ 21(12+9)/
21(11+10)
Elective Courses 9
RAWE 20
Experiential Learning 20
Total 180/181+03