8 COUNTS

!SCIENCE

G RAMMAR 3 C omple te th e t e xt w ith th e corre ct past

tense form o f th e verbs.
Past sim ple vs. pa st continuous
P e t e r a n d T e rr y 0 w e r e s i tt in g (sit) in a c a f e . T h e y
(re vie w) 1 ______________ ( n o t lo o k ) o u t o f t h e w i n d o w - t h e y
1 Look at th e picture . C omple te th e 2 ______________(t a lk). J u s t t h e n , t h e w a itr e s s
sentences w ith th e past continuous form o f th e 3 ______________(s cre a m ) a n d 4________________
verbs in th e list. ( d r o p ) t h e b o y s ’ c o ff e e o n t h e f lo o r. W h e n t h e y
se nd look pla y j re ad ! dra w j sle ep 5_________________(lo o k ) r o u n d , sh e 6
(lo o k ) o u t t o t h e s tr e e t. T h e y 7_________________(lo o k )
o u t to o a n d saw a y o u n g m an w h o 8 ___________
(g e t) o u t o f a b ig c ar. T h e w a itr e s s 9________________
(ru n ) o u t s id e a n d 10_________________ (g o ) u p t o h im .
S h e 11_________________ ( h o ld ) a p i e c e o f p a p e r. W h e n
t h e w a itr e s s 12_____________ (c o m e ) b a c k in t o t h e
c a f , sh e 13_________________ (s m ile ). S h e h a d h e r
f a v o u rit e s in g e r's a u t o g r a p h , b u t P e t e r a n d T e rr y s till
d i d n 't h a v e a n y c o ff e e .

used to HUSH
4 C omple te th e conversation with th e corre ct
forms o f u s e d to and th e verbs in th e list.
W h e n t h e t e a c h e r c a m e in t o t h e c l a s s r o o m , ...
listen | listen | play | buy | eat | we ar | write | have
0 H a rr y w a s se n d ing a t e x t m e ss a g e .

1 _________________ a p ic t u r e o n t h e b o a rd . JOSE PH W h e n y o u w e re y o u n g , d id y o u h a v e T V ?

2 J e ssic a a n d S o p h i e __________________a m a g a z in e .
G R A N D D A D N o , w e 0 u se d to liste n _____ t o t h e r a d io .
JOSEPH 1_____________________ w it h y o u r fri e n d s ?
3 S t e v e __________________
G R A N D D A D Y e s, w e p l a y e d f o o t b a ll , b u t w e d i d n 't
4 S a r a h _________________ o u t o f t h e w in d o w .
h a v e s k a t e b o a rd s , j u s t s im p l e sk a te s.
5 M a r k a n d G r a h a m _________________ f o o t b a ll.
JOSEPH W h a t a b o u t s h o p p in g ?
G R A N D D A D M y m o t h e r 2_____________________ f o o d
2 (Circle; th e corre ct words.
in s m a ll s h o p s , n o t in s u p e rm a rk e ts . S h e
0 I d id I (^ a T d o in g)s o rr\e shopping wh e n I a lw a y s h a d t o c o o k f o r us. W e
(met)I was m e e ting my frie n d Sally. 3_____________________ f a s t f o o d .
1 W h e n w e g o t / were g e ttin g to th e p arty, e v eryon e JOSEPH W h a t , n o b u rg e rs ? ! 4_____________________
d a nce d / was d a ncing. t o music?

2 It ra in e d / was ra inin g , so we d e cid e d I G R A N D D A D O f c o u rs e . W e h a d a r e c o r d p l a y e r.

were d e ciding to stay at home. JOSEPH W h a t w a s s c h o o l lik e ?

3 W hile we w a lk e d/ were w a lkin g in th e park, it G R A N D D A D W e ll, w e 5_____________________ a u n if o rm .

s ta rte d / was sta rtin g to rain. A n d w e 6_____________________ e v e r y t h in g
in o u r n o t e b o o k s - n o c o m p u t e r s t h e n .
4 I fe ll / was fa llin g asle ep while w e w atch e d /
B u t w e 7_____________________ a l o t o f fu n .
were w a tching a film on T V.
W h y a ll th e s e q u e s tio n s ?
5 H e d id n 't answ er / wasn't a nsw ering th e phon e JOSEPH I'm d o i n g a H is t o r y p ro j e c t .
because he liste n e d / was liste ning to music
G R A N D D A D A h , O K . I g u e s s I'm p a r t o f h is t o r y n o w !
w ith he adphon e s.
 8 ! SCIENCE C O U N T S

S econd c o n d itio n a l I wish

5 • Match th e sentence halves. 8 Look at th e picture s. C omple te th e
sentences w ith th e corre ct condition a l form and
0 If I kn ew Hannah's ne w phon e number, |T ]
th e words in th e list.
1 If my com p uter was working,
da nc e astron aut | ne w | curly | strong er sing
2 I w o uld w alk to th e shopping ce ntre
3 M um w o uld take me in th e car
4 I w o uld buy some ne w je ans
5 If I w e nt to th e shopping centre,

a if it w asn't raining.
b if I asked her nicely.
I w o uld send her an email.
I wish / c o u ld d a n c e. 1 I wish
d I w o uld pro b a b ly m e e t some o f my frie nds.
e I w o uld phon e her.
f if I had more money.

6 * (jCircle) th e corre ct words.

ALA N W h a t °d id l<^oulcj)you d o if you °^ e r£ )l w ould
b e alon e in a strang e city?
BELLE 11d id n 't / w o uld n't go out. If I 2w e nt / w o uld go
o u t alon e, 13was / w ould b e scared o f g e tting
lost. 2 I wish 3 I wish
ALA N But wh a t 4d id / w ould ha pp e n if you 5g o t /
w ould g e t lost?
BELLE If I 6g o t / w o uld g e t lost, I 7sta rte d / w o uld s ta rt
to panic.
ALA N 8D/d / W ould you ask a stra ng er fo r help?
BELLE N o wa y! I 9p h o n e d / w ould phon e someone.
ALA N 110d id n 't / w o uld n't b e w orrie d if I n g o f/
w o uld g e t lost. I thin k it u was / w ould be fun!
4 I w is h . 5 I w is h .
7 C omple te th e sentences so th e y are tru e
fo r you.

0 If I m e t a famous singer, / w o u ld a s k f o r a n ______

a u to g ra p h .___________________________________ G E T IT R IG H T ! ©
1 If I could visit any place in th e w orld, I wish vs. hope
Learners sometimes overuse / wish where / ho p e
2 I w o uld b e v ery h a ppy i f .
is needed.
/ / ho p e y o u w ill b e w ith me n e xt tim e.
X / wish yo u w ill b e w ith me n e xt tim e.
3 It w o u ld b e re a lly b a d i f .
C omple te th e sentences w ith w ish or h o p e .
I __ w is h I c o u ld b e th e r e to o , b u t I ha ve t o visit
4 M y h o m e to w n w o u ld b e m ore in t e re s tin g i f .

5 If I d id n ’t live here, I

6 If I d id n't have to go to school, I

7 The w orld w o uld b e b e tte r if _

I’m goin g to g e t this finish e d by fiv e - w ell,
I _________I can, anyway.

73
V O C ABULAR Y

W ord list
D ire ction and move m e nt

a ro u n d a w a y fro m

to w a rd s b a c k w a rd s

down

up and dow n

Key words in conte xt

achievement I w o n th e ra c e a n d f o r m e, th a t wa s a gre a t
achievement
basic I'm n o t v e ry g o o d o n th e c o m p u t e r, b u t I ca n d o
th e basic things.
enormous T h a t ho us e has g o t tw e lv e b e d ro o m s - it's
enormous
id e ntify T h e y w o rk e d h a rd t o t r y a n d id e ntify th e causes
o f th e illness.
malaria S om e m o s q u ito e s c a rry malaria.
pill H e t o o k th r e e pills t o tr y t o g e t rid o f th e p a in.
pollute T h e d ir t fro m th e f a c to ry is polluting th e riv er.
prevent T h e y ha ve p u t tr a ffic lights th e r e t o tr y to prevent
a ccid e nts .
structure structure o f th e a tom.
T h e y l e a rn e d a b o u t th e
tool M y d a d's g o t lots o f tools in th e g a ra g e f o r fixin g
his c a r a n d things.
tre at H e's v e ry u n h a p p y , so ple a s e tre at him nicely.
 8 i SCIENCE C O U N T S

D ire ctio n and m ov e m e nt Science ШШШ

1 « ' Look at th e picture . C omple te th e 3 Use th e clues 1-8 to comple te th e puzzle.
sentences with th e words in th e list. W h at's th e mystery word?
around ; backwards | up | away from E C H
°R A R
dow n | tow ards j up and dow n I forw ards 5
1

3
4
5
6
7
8

0 I’m goin g to d o some re se a rc h fo r my science

pro je ct at school.
1 Some p e o p le are try in g to a wa y to
b uild cities und e r th e sea.
2 Did E dis o n________ th e te le phon e , or was it
som e on e else?
3 M a yb e on e da y th e y’ll fin d a _ ... .......... fo r ev ery
disease - bu t perh a ps not!
4 Some jo b s can't b e do n e by a -th e y
0 T h ere’s a snake. It's moving a r o u n d __a tre e. have to b e do n e by p e ople .
1 T h ere’s a lion. It's goin g s lo w ly____________ a 5 I thin k th e lift was a v ery im p ort a n t ................
w hit e ra bbit. It cha nged buildings comple tely.
2 T h ere’s a small w hit e mouse. It’s running 6 T od a y w e d id a n _________w ith e le ctricity.
th e tre e. 7 W h a t d o you thin k is th e most im p ort a n t scientific
3 T h ere’s a large black mouse. It’s running _________o f all time?
th e tre e . 8 O ur school’s go t a _________ , wh ere w e have o ur
4 T h ere’s a cat. It’s ru n n in g________ a dog. science class.

5 T h ere’s a kangaroo. It's ju m pin g 4 Match th e sentence halves to make

6 T h ere’s a monkey. It's swinging _ and a paragraph.
__________ on a rop e .
0 M y bro th e r loves
2 C omple te th e sentences w ith dire ction 1 H e likes to thin k th e kitch e n is
and movement phrases. 2 H e’s do n e a lot o f
0 T wo boys are pla ying in th e lift. T h e y’ve alre a dy 3 H e looks on th e Intern e t to
gon e u p a n a d o w n six times. 4 Sometimes he just
1 It’s d iffic u lt to w a lk _______________ because you 5 H e’d like to make
can’t see wh ere you're going. 6 H e thinks he’s a sort o f
2 I was scared wh en I saw th e tig e r coming 7 I wish he could find
_______________ me.
a discover ne w ways to make sandwiches,
3 I thin k he was a ngry w ith me because he just
b rese arch into how to make sandwiches,
turn e d round and w a lk e d ______ _ me,
c a machine for pu ttin g bu tte r on bre ad,
and ou t o f th e door.
d fo o d scientist, in fact,
4 The childre n w ere re ally excite d. Th ey w ere e a cure fo r my stomach ache,
ru n n in g_______________ th e room and shouting. f do in g exp erim e nts in th e kitchen,
5 It to o k tw o hours to g e t into th e e xhibition. The g his la boratory,
qu e u e m o v e d _______________ v ery slowly. h invents his own.

75
READING
1 R E M E MB E R A N D C H E C K C orre c t th e u n d e rlin e d w ord s . T h e n ch e ck y o u r a nsw ers in th e t e x t on p a g e 75
o f th e S tu d e n t's B ook.

0 Isaac Newton was walking around in his father's garden. m o t h e r 's

1 He sat near a tree and an orange fell out of the tree. __________
2 Newton then got the book about gravity. __________
3 Archimedes was an old Italian man. __________
4 O n e day he got an idea when he was in the shower.
5 He saw how the amount of water changed when he moved. __________
6 Newton saw that gravity also has an effect on the sun. __________
7 Archimedes and Newton's discoveries were not complete mistakes. ___________
2 R ead th e a rtic l e . T ic k ( / ) th e b e st titl e .

1 Films about science in the 20th century [ ^ [ 3 Scientists in horror films

2 ‘Mad scientists' in books and films 4 From F ra n k e n ste in to The F ly

Sseen
cientists haven't always been
as very positive figures. In
In 30 % o f th e films, a 'm a d scientist'
was th e bad guy; in 39% o f th e films,
fact, the idea of the 'mad scientist' an e normous d a ng er was cre ated by
has been around for a very long scie ntific research th a t w e n t wrong;
time, and it appears in books and and th e scientist wa s th e hero in only
films to this day. 11 % o f th e m.
Back in th e 19th century, Mary Sometimes th e scientist is n't th e
Shelley wro te a story a b out a scientist bad guy - he's still a bit crazy, but
called Frankenstein w h o did an not dang erous. Take Doc in B ack to
e xp erim e nt in his la boratory because th e F uture , w h o turns a car into a
he w a nte d to show th a t he could m achine th a t can trav el in tim e . W ith
cre ate life from de ad things. He takes his crazy w h it e hair (just like Einstein)
bits o f de ad p e ople and he creates ... and big eyes, he's th e ge nius w h o
a monster, o f course, th a t starts to kill makes mistakes but tries hard and
people. The Frankenstein story has do an e xp erim e nt on tra nsporta tio n, is always nice in th e end. A nd in th e
produce d hundre ds o f film versions but it goes wro n g wh e n a fly enters TV com e dy The B ig B ang Theory, th e
- mostly horror films, a lthough th ere th e tra nsporta tio n m achine w ith him. scientists are nerds but certainly not
have be en one or tw o com e dy ones. He creates a man w ith parts o f a fly's dangerous.
This is th e idea o f science as body, and a fly w ith parts o f a man's But th e 'm a d scie ntist' idea never
som e thing really quit e dang erous. body. The slogan o f th e film wa s Be goes aw ay altoge th er. In th e 2008
Things can - a nd prob a bly w ill - go a fra id. Be very a fra id ! c artoon Igor, there's a w h ole country
wro ng because th e scientists d o n't The idea o f th e 'm a d scie ntist' was (called Malaria) th a t's run by evil
really k n o w w h a t th e y're doing. especially strong in film s in th e second scientists. A nd in th e film , th e hero,
A no th er example is th e film The Fly, h a lf o f th e 20th century. A survey Igor, builds a person from bits and
w hic h was made in 1958 and again w a s don e o f more th a n 1,000 horror pieces o f oth e r p e ople - and th ere w e
in 1986. Here, a scie ntist w a nts to film s from th e 1930s t o th e 1980s. it back to Frankenstein ag ain!

3 R e ad th e a rtic l e a g ain. M a rk th e s e nte nc e s T (tru e ), F (fa ls e) o r 4 T hin k o f a n o th e r film o r T V

DS (th e t e x t d o e s n't say). pro gra m m e w ith scie ntists in it.
A r e th e y show n as g o o d o r b a d?
0 The idea of ’mad scientists' isn’t a new one. 0 W rit e a s h o rt t e x t ( a b o u t 5 0 -1 0 0
1 All the films about Frankenstein have been horror films. w ord s).
2 The film The Fly has been made twice.
3 People were very afraid when they saw The Fly. Pro n u n d a tio n M
4 A survey was done of all the horror films from 1930 to 1980. □ The /ju:/ sound
5 Einstein h a d b ig eyes.
G o t o p a g e 120. 03
6 In B a ck to the Future, Doc doesn't get everything right. ---------------- --------- ---------------
7 In the cartoon, Igor builds a monster who kills people.
 8 I SC IEN C E C O U N TS

D E V E L O P IN G W R IT IN G

H o w t e c h n o lo g y ch a ng e s p e o p le 's liv e s
1 M a tch th e te xts w ith th e lif e -c h a n ging inv e ntions in th e list. T h ere are thre e th a t yo u d o n 't n e e d.

p e n icillin th e a e ro p la n e th e car th e lift th e syrin g e th e w h e e l

I t h i n k i t's v e ry h a rd t o im a g in e C an y o u im a g in e w h a t t h in g s I t h i n k [?] h a s c h a n g e d p e o p l e 's liv e s

w h a t lif e w o u ld b e lik e w it h o u t w o u ld b e lik e i f [? ] d i d n 't e x is t? a l o t - a n d n o t a lw a y s in a g o o d w a y.
[? ]. L if e in t h e c o u n tr y m ig h t n o t E v e ry o n e 's lif e w o u ld b e h a rd e r. N ow t h a t w e 'v e g o t i t , p e o p l e f e e l
b e t o o d if f e r e n t , b u t in c it i e s i t T h e w o rk o f d o c to rs a n d h o s p it a ls fr e e r a n d t h e y c a n g o t o a l o t o f
c e rt a in ly w o u ld b e . w o u ld b e a l o t m ore d i f f i c u l t , t o o . p la c e s m uc h m ore e a s ily . I t u s e d t o
B e fo r e w e h a d [? ] , p e o p l e h a d t o I re a d o n c e t h a t t h e d is c o v e ry o f b e v e ry e x p e n s iv e , b u t p ric e s h a v e
w a lk a l o t m ore t h a n t h e y d o n o w [? ] w a s a k in d o f a c c id e n t. A lm o s t g o n e d o w n a l o t in t h e l a s t t w e n t y
- up a n d d o w n , o f c o urs e , a n d a h u n d r e d y e a rs a g o , a s c i e n t is t o r t h i r t y y e a rs .
c a rry in g lo t s o f t h in g s . W it h o u t in B rit a in fo u n d s o m e th in g I f w e d i d n 't h a v e [? ], t h in g s lik e t h e
i t , w e w o u ld n 't h a v e to w e rs a n d s u rp ris in g in his l a b o r a t o r y a nd fo o d w e e a t in m a n y c o u n tri e s w o u ld
r e a lly t a l l b u ild in g s lik e y o u se e o t h e r p e o p l e d is c o v e r e d h o w b e d if f e r e n t . B e c a us e o f [? ], n o w y o u
in e v e ry c i t y in t h e w o rld . H ow t o t u r n i t i n t o t h i s r e a lly , r e a lly c a n g e t fis h , f r u i t o r o t h e r t h in g s
w o u ld y o u c a rry a ll y o u r s h o p p in g i m p o r t a n t m e d ic in e . I t h e lp s fro m o n e c o u n tr y t o a n o th e r in a
t o y o u r h o m e i f y o u h a d t o w a lk p e o p l e w h o a re s ic k fro m m a n y v e ry s h o rt t im e - a d a y o r Less. So
up t o t h e f i f t h flo o r? A n d i t d if f e r e n t t h in g s , a n d i t's u s e d a ll in B rit a in , f o r e x a m p l e , w e c a n h a v e
w o u ld n 't b e e a s y t o b u ild p la c e s o v e r t h e w o rld . fr e s h p in e a p p l e f o r b r e a k f a s t, a nd
lik e a ir p o r t s , e it h e r. H o w w o u ld A lo n g tim e a g o , p e o p l e d i d n 't t h a t u s e d t o b e im p o s s ib l e .
p e o p l e go up a n d d o w n in s id e us e t o h a v e [? ]. N ow lif e is m uch B u t [?] m a k e s a l o t o f n o is e a nd
w it h a ll t h e ir h e a v y s u itc a s e s ? b e t t e r b e c a u s e w e 'v e g o t i t . cre a t e s p o llu t io n . M a yb e t h in g s w o u ld
I t h i n k [? ] is o n e o f t h e m o s t b e b e t t e r w it h o u t fr e s h p in e a p p l e o r
i m p o r t a n t in v e n t io n s o f a ll tim e . h o lid a y s in f a r a w a y c o u n tri e s .

2 Read th e t e x t a gain. Find e x ample s o f ... 3 W rit e a s h ort t e x t a b o u t an in v e ntio n or

dis co v ery th a t y o u th in k is re a lly im p o rt a n t
1 th e s e cond c o n d itio n a l: th in g s w o u ld be very
(1 0 0-1 5 0 w ords).
d iff e re n t,_________________________________
• C hoos e w h a t t o w rit e a b o u t - m a yb e o n e o f th e
o th e r thin gs in E xercise 1? O r th e m o b ile phon e ?
T h e co m p ut e r? T h e camera?
2 use d to: people d id n 't use to have it , • W h a t can yo u can say a b o u t h o w life us e d t o b e
b e fo r e w e h a d this thing?
• W h a t can y o u say a b o u t w h a t life w o u ld b e lik e if
w e still d id n 't ha ve it?
3 com p ara tiv e s: more d iffic u lt.
• W h a t com p arisons can y o u make?

You can tr y to w rit e y o u r t e x t w ith o u t sa ying

w h a t y o u're w ritin g a b o u t. T he n giv e y o u r t e x t to
a p a rtn e r. C an th e y say w h a t y o u r t e x t is a bout?

77
LIS T E N IN G
1 O lH Listen to tw o conversations. Match th em w ith th e corre ct picture.

2 L a i » Listen again and answer th e questions.

C O N V E R S A TI O N 1
0 W hos e vase d id th e girl's bro th e r bre ak? He broke h is frie n d $ m o th e rs vase,
1 W h o d id her bro th e r t e ll a b out th e brok e n vase? ________________________ ___ __
2 W h y w o uld John perh a ps not d o th e same thing? ___________________________________ _

C O N V E R S A TI O N 2
3 W h y is th e girl so happy? ____________________________________
4 W h y isn't th e b o y v ery enthusiastic? --------------------------------------------------------
5 W h a t w o uld h a pp e n if som e on e said, 'It wasn't a go a l1? ____________________________

D IA L O G U E TRAIN T O T i
1 Put th e conversations in th e corre ct ord er. Using crit e ria
C O N V E R S A TI O N 1 1 Look at th e inve ntions on page 77 again. Some
_ A w w w .h e lpyoure nglis h.n e t p e ople were asked which th e y thin k is th e best.
_ A I know - b u t I'm much b e tt e r now! I used to Match th e beginnings and ends o f th e ir answers.
sp e nd hours studyin g at hom e - b u t th e n I
fo u n d a gre at we bsite .
0 It's p e nicillin, because 0
1 It's th e plane, because
7 A Hey, look! I go t 79 p er ce nt in th e English test.
A W h y not? 2 It's th e car, because

__ O h, yes - I know th a t one. I used to use it a lot. 3 It’s th e lift, because

But not any more. 4 It's th e syringe, because
» Because I fo u n d a b e tte r one. A n d look - I go t 5 It's th e wh e el, because
92 p e r ce nt in th e English test!
a you can't give some m edicine s w ith o u t it.
[ | S e v e nty-nin e p e r cent? That's gre at. But you
used to b e re a lly b a d at English. b p e o p le d o n't have to use stairs any more,
c oth er things (like cars) d e p e n d on it.
O h, yes? W h at's it called?
d you d o n't have to walk or use bicycles o r horses
C O N V E R S A TI O N 2 any more.
A So he do e sn't w ork th e re any more? e it helps p e o p le w ho have b a d illnesses,
7 A I can't go o u t to night. I’m w orking on a f it lets p e o p le tra vel all ov er th e world .
pre s e nta tion a b o u t e xp erim e nts on animals.
2 W rite thre e inve ntions or discoveries th a t you
__ A Y our da d? Why?
think may be th e best. Say why.
__ A Y our d a d w ork e d in a la b ora tory like that?
__ Because he used to w ork in a la b ora tory wh ere 1 It's ______________ , b e c a us e________________ 2
th e y te ste d things on animals.
| | No, he le ft a fter a year. N o w he works in a p e t 2 I t ' s ______________ , because
shop - he loves it!
]] Yes, b u t he h ate d it. H e used to com e hom e 3 It's ______________ , because
re ally angry. W e used to ke e p v ery qu ie t!
| | A nim al testing? Really? You should ta lk to my
d a d, the n.
H e lp w it h re a d in g : sc a nning a t e x t
• W h e n y o u scan a t e xt, y o u lo o k f o r sp e cific in form a tio n - a pric e , a ye ar, a pla c e , a na me, e tc. - w ith o u t try in g t o re a d
th e w h o l e t e x t o r u n d e rs t a n d w h a t it's all a b o u t. W h e n y o u scan a t e xt, it ’s im p o rt a n t th a t y o u m ov e y o u r eyes q u ic k ly
d o w n th e pa ge .
• S c anning is a v e ry us e ful t e c h n iq u e if y o u ha ve littl e tim e a v a ila ble a n d o n ly n e e d c ert a in pre cis e in form a tio n fro m a te xt.

T ip : s c a n ning a t e x t
• T o scan a t e x t succe ssfully, y o u firs t o f all n e e d t o k n o w e x a ctly w h a t y o u 'r e lo o k in g for. If, f<
re a d in g a t e x t a b o u t an in v e n tio n a n d w a n t t o fin d o u t w h e n it's fro m , y o u k n o w th a t th e a nsw er v. ill b e a ye ar,
so y o u ’re lo o k in g f o r a n um b er.
• T h e n t r y t o fin d q u ic k ly w h e r e in t h e t e x t th e in form a tio n can b e fo u n d . D o n 't re a d th e t e x t w o rd f o r w o rd -
m ov e y o u r ey es q u ic k ly v e rtic a lly (u p a n d d o w n ) a n d h o riz o n t a lly (across) th e p a g e u n til y o u ’v e fo u n d th e pla c e
in th e t e x t w h e re th e in fo rm a tio n
• O n c e y o u'v e
D o n 't g o t o o fa st n o w - it's

1 L ook a t th e grid to see w h a t in form a tio n is missing. Scan th e t e x t fo r th e missing in form a tio n
a nd c o m ple t e th e grid .

-------------— — — i m___
Y e ar o f b ir t h : 0 J 7 3 A ... Place o f b ir t h : 1

Y e ar he st a rt e d e x p e rim e n tin g w ith ste am e n g in e s :2 _________

Y e ar a nd d a y o f th e w e e k w h e n he b u ilt th e m o d e rn Y e ar he sold his firs t ste am e n g in e :5

ste am e ngin e : 3_ ... . . . ,4

Y e ar he s to p p e d w ork in g : 6 Y e ar he d i e d : 7_________
------—--- ;-----E
----l--------------------------- ------------------------------------

W h e n Ja m e s W a tt w as b o rn in 1 7 3 6 in G reen o ck , O n a Sunday a fte rn o o n in 1 7 6 5 , w hile th e in ventor

E n g la n d , sim ple steam engines w ere alread y used to is go in g fo r a w a lk , he h ad an id ea. H e th o u g h t th a t
pu m p w a te r o u t o f c o a l m in es. T h ese pum ps w eren ’t he co u ld m ak e the steam engine m u ch m o re p o w erfu l
invented by W a tt, o f c o u rs e , an d n o b o d y kn ow s w h o : m ad e a seco n d co n ta in e r w h ere th e co o lin g cou ld
first m ad e th em . H o w ev er, W a tt is usu ally called the : p lace an d th e steam cou ld be co n d en sed , w hile the
in ven tor o f th e ‘m o d e rn ’ steam engine. cylin d er w as k ep t a t th e sam e tem p eratu re all-th e tim e.
T h e sto ry begins w ith yo u n g W a tt, sitting by the T h e n e x t m o rn in g , he built a p ro to ty p e an d w as
fireplace in th e little c o tta g e he g rew up in. H e loved .» very hap py w h en he saw th a t it w o rk ed . W a tt had
w atch in g the ste a m rising fro m his p a re n ts’ boiling tea invented a m u ch m o re efficient steam engine.
k ettle in th eir c o tta g e , an d th is w as th e b eginn ing o f Sh ortly a fte rw a rd s, Ja m e s W a tt an d M a tth e w
lifelong fascin atio n w ith steam . B o u lto n s ta rte d a business to g eth er an d beg an selling
In 1 7 6 3 , som eb od y b ro u g h t him a m odel o f T h e : W a tt steam engine in 1 7 7 5 . W a tt’s engines w ere
N e w co m e n ’s steam -p u m p in g engine th a t w as broken used in the c o a l m ines, but th ey w ere m u ch b etter th an
an d d id n ’t w o rk an y m o re. H e asked W a tt if he cou ld ie ones used w h en he w as a boy. H is engines w ere also
try an d rep air th e m ach in e. used for tra n s p o rta tio n an d in th e te x tile in du stry.
W a tt w as e x c ite d , an d it didn’t tak e h im long to W a tt w as very successful as a b u sin essm an , and
g et th e m odel go in g. H e w as fascin ated by it, but w h en he retired in 1 8 0 0 , h e’d b eco m e a w ealth y m an .
so o n n o ticed th a t it w asted a lot o f en ergy b ecau se th e H e died in A u g u st 1 8 1 9 .
cylin d er w as used b o th fo r heatin g an d for co o lin g . F o r
w eek s, he ca rrie d o u t lots o f ex p erim en ts.
 C O N S O L ID A T I O N
LIS T E N IN G 4 C orrect th e sentences.

1 Listen to th e conversation. T ick ( / ) 0 M y sister do e sn't like science, and so d o I.

A, or C. M y s is t e r d o e s n 't lik e scie nce , a n d n e ith e r do /.

1 W h a t is th e w e ath er like as th e y are talking? 1 if I knew th e answer, I to ld you.

2 He's re a d this book, isn’t he?

3 I wish my sister is nicer to me. 4

2 The bo y says th a t spring is alre a dy starting. H ow 4 I wish I can go o u t tonig ht, b u t I've g o t hom e work.
do es he know?

V O C ABULAR Y
5 C omple te th e crossword.

3 W h e re do es th e girl thin k th e y could have a party? V

H
3 4
2I
s
5

6
7 8
2 Listen again. M ark th e sentences T (tru e)
or F (false).
9

0 It's summer. m
1 The bo y w o uld like to stop wint er ha pp ening. □ 10
2 The bo y likes to he ar birds singing.
3 The bo y thinks th e y could have a p a rty at D ow n
th e e nd o f th e month. 0 I thin k w e ’re goin g to move l a t e r ... year.
4 You can g e t tw e n ty p e o p le into th e flat. 3 I saw this big dog. It was running ... me. I was so
scared.
5 The girl's pare nts have a big gard e n.
4 I'll com e and see you th e ... a fter tom orrow .
6 H e’s a little late, b u t he'll b e here ... to o long.
G RAMMAR 8 W e ’re goin g to ... a DJ fo r th e party.
3 C omple te th e sentences. Use one word. A cross

0 I go running e v ery morning, and s o __ de es__ my 1 It’s a ... p a rty - it ’s all a b out sport.

frie n d Monica . 2 W h o ... th e tele phon e ?

5 I was scared o f th e d o g so I ran ... from it.
1 I wish you ___ ____ here - b u t you are n’t!
7 She’s a scientist - she d o e s ... into ne w materials
2 W h e n I was young er, I ____________ to thin k th ere
fo r building.
w ere monsters und er my b e d!
9 O ur p a rty is on th e 18th, tw o we eks from . . . .
3 A I re ally d o n't like cold showers.
10 I'm w ritin g a ... list for th e p a rty - I'm inviting lots
____________d o I! o f p e ople !
4 You can’t come? That's a shame. I re ally wish you

80
 U NIT S 7 8c 8

D IA L O G U E
6 C om ple te th e conv ers ation. Use th e phrases in
th e list.
forg o tt e n a b o u t j In o th e r words, | That's a shame
ro u n d and ro u n d | th a nk goodn e ss | lucky you
W h a t d o yo u re ckon | th ere's n o thin g w ro n g with

H A YL E Y Hi, M a x. Listen, I w a nt to say s orry fo r

y e sterd a y. I d id n 't me an t o g e t angry.
I'm s orry I said thos e things.
MAX O h, th a t's O K , H ayley. I've
0 fo rg o t t e n a b o u t it alre a dy.
HA YLE Y Really? 1__________________ , y o u're O K
w ith it?
O ne of the greatest successes ever in science fiction
MAX Sure. I th in k w e should still b e frie nds. is the TV series Star Trek. The person who got the
2___________________ ? idea for the story was Gene Roddenberry, and the very
HA YLE Y I th in k th a t's brilli a n t. T hanks! A n d I promis e first episode went on air in 1966. The series features a
1w o n’t spe ak to yo u lik e th a t again. spaceship - the Starship Enterprise - that has gone out
into space on a mission to explore [A] and to make contact
MAX W e ll, yo u k n o w , 3 __________
with other civilisations. At the time, it was probably the
g e ttin g a ngry. I me an, it h a pp e ns to
best science fiction on TV or in the movies, and the series
e v eryon e . But som etim e s p e o p le say things
th e y d o n 't re a lly mean.
was remarkable because members of the crew of the
Enterprise included women and people of different races,
HA YLE Y Yes, yo u're rig h t o f cours e. A n d hon e stly,
something that TV [B] didn't show very often.
I d o n 't g e t a n gry like th a t v e ry oft e n -
Some years after the original series finished, a new series
called Star Trek: The Next Generation was created, with
MAX W e ll, 5 __________________! I wish I could
Patrick Stewart as Jean-Luc Picard, the captain of the
say th e same.
Enterprise - a quite different figure from the original
H A YL E Y O h? D o yo u o ft e n g e t angry? Captain Kirk, [ ].
MAX Yeah, I g e t a n gry a lot, a nd I g e t b a d
Star Trek is about 50 years old, but it still has an incredible
th o u g h ts t h a t g o 6____________________
cult following. There are 'Trekkie' conventions in many
insid e my he ad. O h, anyway, let's n o t ta lk
places every year. Among the Enterprise's enemies were
a b o u t th a t. Let's g o g e t som e coffe e .
the Klingons, from the planet Klingon, and a whole
H A YL E Y I'm s orry , I c a n't. I’v e g o t t o g o hom e. Klingon language has been developed. People learn it [D],
MAX 7 ... . . But O K , a n oth e r day. There are references to the show in many books, plays and
See yo u to m orro w , H ayley. TV programmes. In The Big Bang Theory, for example, some
of the characters know every episode by heart.

R E A D IN G And it's also interesting to observe that some things that

were fiction [E] are not fiction any more. Mobile phones
7 Read th e article . M atch th e missing sentences and sliding doors, for example, seemed incredible in the
w ith th e spaces A - E . early episodes, but now they are part of our everyday lives.
0 a nd m e e t t o sp e ak it 0
1 w h e n S tar Trek in clu d e d th e m □
2 in th e 1960s a nd 1970s □ W R IT IN G
3 th e d e e p e st p arts o f o u t e r space □ 8 W rit e a s h ort t e x t (a b o ut 120-150 w ords) a b o ut
4 pla y e d b y W illia m Sha tn er □ a science fictio n b oo k, film or T V progra mm e
th a t you re a lly lik e or re a lly dislik e . Includ e th e
fo llo w in g inform a tion:
• w h a t th e b o o k / film / T V pro gra m m e is c alle d
• w h a t it is a b o u t
• w h a t you like / dislik e a b o u t it

81