Chapter 02

Java Data Types and

Taking Inputs
MIT11053, Fundamentals of Programming
By:
Prof. S. Sabraz Nawaz
Professor in MIT
Department of MIT, SEUSL
 Topics Covered

• Statements
• Variables
• Data Types
• Arithmetic Calculations
• Taking Input from User

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 Statements

• A Statement is the simplest task you can accomplish in Java.

int othrs=5;
System.out.println("netsalary= "+netsal);

You need to put a semi colon ; at the

end of a statement.
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 Variables

• Variables are locations in memory where values can be

stored

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 Variable Name

• Variable is a location in memory

• Each location in memory has a memory
address, which is a number
o This long number is inconvenient to use when
we want to access the memory location
• We give a human understandable name to
refer to this number
o e.g. age, quantity
• The compiler and the interpreter maps this
name to the memory address number

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 Value of a Variable

• At a given time one value can be stored under the variable

quantity

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 Variable Type

• You need to specify what type of data is to be stored. e.g.

int, char
• This is because we must instruct how much memory
should be reserved by the program to store the value of a
variable
• The amount of memory needed depends on the maximum
of the value we need to store in the variable.

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 Variable Type…

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 Java Data Types
• Java supports eight primitive data types.
• These are built into the language itself.
• Consists of Numeric Types, char type and Boolean type.
• Remember String is not a primitive data type in Java
o String is a class in Java, thus it is handled as a data type derived from
a class.
• In Java we write classes and class can be a data type
o Eg: If you write a class called Student you can use it as the Student
data type

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 Data Types

Name Range Storage Size

byte –27 (-128) to 27–1 (127) 8-bit signed

short –215 (-32768) to 215–1 (32767) 16-bit signed

int –231 (-2147483648) to 231–1 (2147483647) 32-bit signed

long –263 to 263–1 64-bit signed

(i.e., -9223372036854775808
to 9223372036854775807)
float Negative range: 32-bit IEEE 754
-3.4028235E+38 to -1.4E-45
Positive range:
1.4E-45 to 3.4028235E+38
double Negative range: 64-bit IEEE 754
-1.7976931348623157E+308 to
-4.9E-324
Positive range:
4.9E-324 to 1.7976931348623157E+308

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 Declaring Variables

int x; // Declare x to be an
// integer variable;
double radius; // Declare radius to
// be a double variable;
char a; // Declare a to be a
// character variable;

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 Declaring Variables

public static void main (String args[]) {

int count;
String title;
boolean isAsleep;
...
}

Variables are usually defined at the

beginning. However this need not always
be the case.
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 Declaring Variables

int x, y, z;
String firstName, lastName;

Multiple variables can be defined under

one type

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 Declaring Variables

• Once declared the variable need to be initialized

o Initialization – Specify the value we want to store in the variable

int myAge;
myAge = 43;
String myName;
myName = “SaNa";

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 Declaring and Initializing
in One Step
• int x = 1;
• double d = 1.4;

int age=19; int age;

…
age = 19;
You can also initialize variables as
the declaration is done.
The above statements are identical.
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 Variable Names

int age;
float $money;
char my_char;
long _no;
String name7;
A Variable Name should start with an
Alphabetical letter or $, or _ symbol
The other characters can include numbers
But you cannot use symbols like @, #, etc
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 Variable Names

int my age;
float @money;
char 6my_char;
long no*;

The above names are incorrect.

You cannot have spaces and other
special symbols.

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 Variable Names

int qty;
String firstName;
float basicSal, netSal;

It’s best if you can give suitable

(short but meaningful) variable names.

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 Numeric Operators

Name Meaning Example Result

+ Addition 34 + 1 35

- Subtraction 34.0 – 0.1 33.9

* Multiplication 300 * 30 9000

/ Division 1.0 / 2.0 0.5

% Remainder 20 % 3 2

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 How to Evaluate an Expression
• Though Java has its own way to evaluate an expression behind the
scene, the result of a Java expression and its corresponding
arithmetic expression are the same. Therefore, you can safely apply
the arithmetic rule for evaluating a Java expression.
3 + 4 * 4 + 5 * (4 + 3) - 1
(1) inside parentheses first
3 + 4 * 4 + 5 * 7 – 1
(2) multiplication
3 + 16 + 5 * 7 – 1
(3) multiplication
3 + 16 + 35 – 1
(4) addition
19 + 35 – 1
(5) addition
54 - 1
(6) subtraction
53

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 The String Type

The char type only represents one character. To represent a string

of characters, use the data type called String. For example,

String message = "Welcome to Java";

String is actually a predefined class in the Java library just like the
System class. The String type is not a primitive type. It is known
as a reference type. Any Java class can be used as a reference type
for a variable.

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 String Concatenation

// Three strings are concatenated

String message = "Welcome " + "to " + "Java";

// String Chapter is concatenated with number 2

String s = "Chapter" + 2; // s becomes Chapter2

// String Supplement is concatenated with character B

String s1 = "Supplement" + 'B'; // s1 becomes SupplementB

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 Taking User Inputs

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 Using Scanner Class

• The Scanner class is a class in java.util, which allows the user

to read values of various types.
• The Scanner looks for tokens in the input. A token is a series of
characters that ends with what Java calls whitespace. A
whitespace character can be a blank, a tab character, a carriage
return, or the end of the file.

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 Using Scanner Class
Method Returns
int nextInt() Returns the next token as an int.

long nextLong() Returns the next token as a long.

float nextFloat() Returns the next token as a float.

double nextDouble() Returns the next token as a double.

Finds and returns the next complete token from this

String next() scanner and returns it as a string; a token is usually
ended by whitespace such as a blank or line break.

String nextLine() Returns the rest of the current line, excluding any line
separator at the end.

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 Using Scanner Class

01

02

03

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 Exercise

• A university pays its Academic Staff

o Academic Allowance 39% of Basic Salary
o Research Allowance 45% of Basic Salary
o Cost of Living Allowance 7,550/=.
• And deducts UPF 8% of the Basic Salary.
• Write a Java program to input the Basic Salary.
Calculate the above and display them all with
Net Salary

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 Shortcut Assignment Operators

Operator Example Equivalent

+= i += 8 i = i + 8
-= f -= 8.0 f = f - 8.0
*= i *= 8 i = i * 8
/= i /= 8 i = i / 8
%= i %= 8 i = i % 8

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 Numeric Type Conversion

Consider the following statements:

byte i = 100;
long k = i * 3 + 4;
double d = i * 3.1 + k / 2;

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 Conversion Rules

When performing a binary operation involving two operands

of different types, Java automatically converts the operand
based on the following rules:

1. If one of the operands is double, the other is converted into

double.
2. Otherwise, if one of the operands is float, the other is converted
into float.
3. Otherwise, if one of the operands is long, the other is converted
into long.
4. Otherwise, both operands are converted into int.

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 Type Casting

Implicit casting
double d = 3; (type widening)

Explicit casting
int i = (int)3.0; (type narrowing)
int i = (int)3.9; (Fraction part is
truncated)
range increases

byte, short, int, long, float, double

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 Exercises

1. Write a Java program that takes three marks of an exam and displays the
total and the average.
2. Write a program to input how many notes, coins of denominations of
1000/=, 500/=, 200/=, 100/= 50/=,20/=,10/=,5/=, 2/= and 1/= are
available. Print the total amount

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End of Lecture