Victorian Certificate of Education

Year

CHEMISTRY

Written examination

11 DATA BOOK

Instructions
This data book is provided for your reference.
A question and answer book is provided with this data book.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic
devices into the examination room.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2017

 1. Periodic table of the elements

1 2
H He
1.0 4.0
hydrogen helium

3 4 atomic number 79 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be Au symbol of element B C N O F Ne
6.9 9.0 relative atomic mass 197.0 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2
lithium beryllium gold name of element boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
23.0 24.3 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.8 58.9 58.7 63.5 65.4 69.7 72.6 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 96.0 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon

55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba 57–71 Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 lanthanoids 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (210) (210) (222)
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon

87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116
117 118
Fr Ra 89–103 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
(223) (226) actinoids (261) (262) (266) (264) (267) (268) (271) (272) (285) (280) (289) (289) (292)
(294) (294)
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
138.9 140.1 140.9 144.2 (145) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.1 175.0
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
(227) 232.0 231.0 238.0 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium

The value in brackets indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope.

TURN OVER
CHEMISTRY DATA BOOK
CHEMISTRY DATA BOOK 4

2. Electrochemical series
Reaction Standard electrode potential
(E0) in volts at 25 °C

F2(g) + 2e– ⇌ 2F–(aq) +2.87

H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ 2H2O(l) +1.77

Au+(aq) + e– ⇌ Au(s) +1.68

Cl2(g) + 2e– ⇌ 2Cl–(aq) +1.36

O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e– ⇌ 2H2O(1) +1.23

Br2(l) + 2e– ⇌ 2Br–(aq) +1.09

Ag+(aq) + e– ⇌ Ag(s) +0.80

Fe3+(aq) + e– ⇌ Fe2+(aq) +0.77

O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ H2O2(aq) +0.68

I2(s) + 2e– ⇌ 2I–(aq) +0.54

O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e– ⇌ 4OH–(aq) +0.40

Cu2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Cu(s) +0.34

Sn4+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Sn2+(aq) +0.15

S(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ H2S(g) +0.14

2H+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ H2(g) 0.00

Pb2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Pb(s) –0.13

Sn2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Sn(s) –0.14

Ni2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Ni(s) –0.25

Co2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Co(s) –0.28

Cd2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Cd(s) –0.40

Fe2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Fe(s) –0.44

Zn2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Zn(s) –0.76

2H2O(l) + 2e– ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH–(aq) –0.83

Mn2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Mn(s) –1.18

Al3+(aq) + 3e– ⇌ Al(s) –1.66

Mg2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Mg(s) –2.37

Na+(aq) + e– ⇌ Na(s) –2.71

Ca2+(aq) + 2e– ⇌ Ca(s) –2.87

K+(aq) + e– ⇌ K(s) –2.93

Li+(aq) + e– ⇌ Li(s) –3.04

 5 CHEMISTRY DATA BOOK

3. Chemical relationships
Name Formula

m V
number of moles of a substance =n = ; n cV ; n =
M Vm

universal gas equation pV = nRT

VIt
calibration factor (CF) for bomb calorimetry CF =
∆T

heat energy released in the combustion of a fuel q = mc∆T

q
enthalpy of combustion ∆H =
n

electric charge Q = It

Q
number of moles of electrons n (e − ) =
F

molar mass of desired product 1000

% atom economy ×
molar mass of all reactants 1

actual yield 100

% yield ×
theoretical yield 1

4. Physical constants and standard values

Name Symbol Value

Avogadro constant NA or L 6.02 × 1023 mol–1

charge on one electron (elementary charge) e –1.60 × 10–19 C

Faraday constant F 96 500 C mol–1

molar gas constant R 8.31 J mol–1 K–1

molar volume of an ideal gas at SLC Vm 24.8 L mol–1

(25 °C and 100 kPa)

specific heat capacity of water c 4.18 kJ kg–1 K–1 or 4.18 J g–1 K–1

density of water at 25 °C d 997 kg m–3 or 0.997 g mL–1

TURN OVER
CHEMISTRY DATA BOOK 6

5. Unit conversions
Measured value Conversion

0 °C 273 K

100 kPa 750 mm Hg or 0.987 atm

1 litre (L) 1 dm3 or 1 × 10–3 m3 or 1 × 103 cm3 or 1 × 103 mL

6. Metric (including SI) prefixes

Metric Scientific notation Multiplying factor
(including SI)
prefixes

giga (G) 109 1 000 000 000

mega (M) 106 1 000 000

kilo (k) 103 1000

deci (d) 10–1 0.1

centi (c) 10–2 0.01

milli (m) 10–3 0.001

micro (μ) 10–6 0.000001

nano (n) 10–9 0.000000001

pico (p) 10–12 0.000000000001

7. Acid-base indicators
Name pH range Colour change from
lower pH to higher pH in range
thymol blue (1st change) 1.2–2.8 red → yellow

methyl orange 3.1– 4.4 red → yellow

bromophenol blue 3.0– 4.6 yellow → blue

methyl red 4.4– 6.2 red → yellow

bromothymol blue 6.0–7.6 yellow → blue

phenol red 6.8–8.4 yellow → red

thymol blue (2nd change) 8.0–9.6 yellow → blue

phenolphthalein 8.3–10.0 colourless → pink

Heinemann Chemistry 1 Enhanced, 4th Edition

Appendix 6, p391