Smart Car Parking System Using

Embedded & iot

PROJECT USING DESIGN THINKING REPORT SUBMITTED IN

PROJECT USING PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

DESIGN AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN

THINKING ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING OF THE

June 2024 ANNA UNIVERSITY

Submitted by
PROJECT Nijanthan V – 722822106095
WORK Parnikabhavaharini V - 722822106101
Prajith R – 722822106105
Preethi S - 722822106110

BATCH
2022 – 2026
Under the Guidance of
Dr.S.Ramkumar M.E., Ph.d.,
Associate Professor

Department of ECE

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Sri Eshwar College of Engineering
(An Autonomous Institution – Affiliated to Anna University)
COIMBATORE – 641 202
 Sri Eshwar College of Engineering
(An Autonomous Institution – Affiliated to Anna University)
COIMBATORE – 641 202

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report titled “Smart Car Parking System using Embedded & iot ” done
using Design Thinking is the bonafide work of

Nijanthan V 722822106095

Parnikabhavahaarini V 722822106101

Prajith R 722822106105

Preethi S 722822106110

who carried out the project work under my supervision

………………………………… …………………………………
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr. N.Shanmugasundaram, Dr. D.RamKumar.,
M.E., Ph.D., M.E.,Ph.D.,
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Professor&Head, Department Assistant Professor,
of ECE, Department of ECE,
Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering
Coimbatore-641202. Coimbatore-641202.

Submitted for the End Semester practical examination – Project using Design Thinking viva-
voce held on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

……………………… ……………………..
(INTERNAL EXAMINER) (EXTERNAL EXAMINER)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success of a work depends on a team and cooperation. We take this

opportunity to express our gratitude and thanks to everyone who helped us in our
project. We would like to thank the management for excellent facilities and the
constant support provided by them to complete this project.
It is indeed our great honor bound duty to thank our beloved Chairman Mr.
R. Mohanram, for his academic interest shown towards the students. We are
indebted to our Director Mr. R. Rajaram, for motivating and providing us with all
facilities. We wish to express our sincere regards and deep sense of gratitude to Dr.
SudhaMohanram, M.E, Ph.D., Principal, for the excellent facilities and
encouragement provided during the course of the study and project.
We are indebted to Dr. N. Shanmugasundaram, M.E., Ph.D., Professor &
Head of Electronics and Communication Department, for having permitted us to
carry out this project and for giving the complete freedom to utilize the resources
of the department.
We express our sincere thanks to our project coordinator Dr. S.RamKumar,
Associate Professor/ECE, for his valuable support and encouragement given to us
for this project.
We express our sincere thanks to our project guide Dr.C.Venkataramanan
Associate Professor/ECE, for his motivation and valuable guidance given to us in
completing this project.
We solemnly express our thanks to all the teaching and non- teaching staff of
the Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, family and friends
for their valuable support which inspired us to work on this project.
 CONTENTS

ABSTRACT III
LIST OF FIGURES IV
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Importance and Relevance 1
1.3 Objectives of Smart Car Parking 2
1.4 Internet Of Things (IOT) 3
1.5 Technical Foundation 3
1.6 Implementation and Intregration 4
CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE REQUIRED 5
2.1 Compenents Required 5
2.2 NODE MCU 5
2.2.1 Specifications 6
2.2.2 General Purpose Input/Output Interface(GPIO) 6
2.3 IR Sensor 7
2.3.1 Pin Diagram 7
2.3.2 Features 7
2.3.3 Applications 8
2.4 Liquid Crystal Display 9
2.4.1 Pin Diagram 10
2.4.2 Features 10
2.4.3 Applications 11

CHAPTER 3 SOFTWARE REQUIRED 12

3.1 Software Required 12
3.2 Embedded C 12
3.2.1 Programming Embedded System 13
3.3 Arduino IDE Software 14
3.4 ThingSpeak Applications 14
3.4.1 Features 15
3.4.2 Code For ThingSpeak application connection 15
CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY 17
4.1 Block Diagram 18
4.2 Empathy Map
4.3 Value Proportion Canvas
4.2 Working Principle 19
4.3 Implementation 20
4.4 Algorithm Of the Code 21
4.3.1 Initialization Code 22
CHAPTER 5 RESULTS 32
5.1 Practical Setup 32
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 33
6.1 Conclusion 33
6.2 Future Enchancement 34
CHAPTER 7 REFERENCES 35
 ABSTRACT

The Smart Car Parking System (SCPS) is an innovative solution designed to address the challenges
associated with traditional parking systems in urban environments. With the rapid urbanization and
increasing number of vehicles on the roads, finding available parking spaces has become a major issue,
leading to congestion, pollution, and frustration among drivers. SCPS leverages advanced technologies,
including Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, and mobile applications, to optimize the parking
experience for both drivers and parking operators.

The core of SCPS is a network of IoT sensors installed in parking spaces, which detect the occupancy status
of each space in real time. This information is transmitted to a central server, where it is processed and
analyzed. Users can access this information through a mobile application, which provides real-time updates
on available parking spaces, navigation assistance to the nearest vacant spot, and the ability to make
automated payments.

SCPS also offers benefits for parking operators, enabling them to optimize space utilization, improve
operational efficiency, and increase revenue. Integration with other systems, such as traffic management
and public transportation, further enhances the system's capabilities and contributes to smarter urban
planning.

Overall, SCPS represents a significant advancement in urban mobility solutions, offering a more efficient,
convenient, and sustainable parking experience for drivers while supporting the broader goals of smart city
initiatives.
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 2.1 Node MCU 5

Fig 2.2 IR Sensor 7

Fig 2.3 Liquid Crystal Display 8

Fig 4.1 Block Diagram 16

Fig 4.2 Value Proportion Canva 17

Fig 5.1 Practical Setup 28

 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW OF SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM:

In recent years, the rapid growth of urban populations and the corresponding increase in the number of
vehicles have intensified the challenges associated with parking in cities. Traditional parking systems,
characterized by manual processes and limited technological integration, often result in inefficiencies such
as long search times for available spaces, traffic congestion, and increased environmental pollution. To
address these issues, Smart Car Parking Systems have emerged as an innovative solution that leverages
advanced technologies to create a more efficient, user-friendly, and sustainable parking environment.

Smart Car Parking Systems utilize a combination of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, real-time data
processing, user-centric mobile applications to streamline the parking experience. These systems are
designed to provide real-time information about parking space availability, guide drivers to the nearest
vacant spots, facilitate automated payment processes, and enhance overall security within parking facilities.

This chapter introduces the concept of Smart Car Parking Systems, highlighting their importance, key
features, potential benefits. The subsequent sections will delve into the specific components and
functionalities that make these systems a pivotal advancement in urban mobility solutions .

1.2 IMPORTANCE AND RELEVANCE:

The primary components of a Smart Car Parking System include IoT sensors that detect the occupancy
status of parking spaces, a central data processing unit that analyzes and processes this data in real-time,
and a mobile application that provides users with up-to-date information and services. IoT sensors are
typically installed in each parking space to monitor whether the space is occupied or vacant. This data is
then transmitted to the central processing unit, which updates the status of all parking spaces in real-time.
The mobile application allows users to view available parking spaces, receive navigation assistance, and
make automated payments.

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The benefits of Smart Car Parking Systems are multifaceted. For drivers, these systems significantly reduce
the time and effort required to find available parking, thereby reducing stress and improving the overall
parking experience. For parking operators, the systems enhance operational efficiency by optimizing space
utilization and reducing the need for manual oversight. Additionally, the environmental benefits are
considerable, as reduced search times for parking lead to lower vehicle emissions and decreased traffic
congestion.

Overall, Smart Car Parking Systems represent a significant advancement in urban mobility solutions,
addressing the pressing need for efficient, sustainable, and user-friendly parking solutions in modern cities.
By leveraging advanced technologies, these systems not only improve the parking experience for drivers
but also contribute to the broader goals of environmental sustainability and urban efficiency.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM :

The objectives of Smart Car Parking Systems are multifaceted, aiming to address the various challenges
associated with traditional parking methods. Primarily, these systems seek to enhance the efficiency and
convenience of the parking process for drivers by providing real-time information on parking space
availability, reducing the time and effort spent searching for parking. Additionally, they aim to streamline
operations for parking lot operators through the use of automated payment systems and data analytics,
which help optimize space utilization and increase revenue. Environmental sustainability is another key
objective, as these systems contribute to reduced vehicle emissions and lower fuel consumption by
minimizing search times, thereby helping to alleviate urban traffic congestion. Furthermore, Smart Car
Parking Systems strive to improve the overall safety and security within parking facilities through the
integration of surveillance cameras and security features. Ultimately, these systems are designed to support
the development of smarter, more efficient urban environments that benefit drivers, operators, and the
broader community.

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1.4 INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) :

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology that plays a crucial role in the development and
implementation of Smart Car Parking Systems. IoT refers to a network of interconnected devices that
communicate and exchange data with each other via the internet. In the context of smart parking, IoT
devices such as sensors are installed in parking spaces to monitor their occupancy status. These sensors
detect whether a parking spot is occupied or vacant and transmit this information in real-time to a central
data processing unit. This data is then analyzed and used to provide drivers with up-to-date information
about available parking spaces through a mobile application. The integration of IoT in smart parking
systems enhances operational efficiency by enabling real-time monitoring and management of parking
spaces, reducing the time drivers spend searching for parking, and optimizing space utilization.
Additionally, IoT technology facilitates automated payment processes and improves security within parking
facilities through the use of surveillance and monitoring devices. Overall, IoT is a fundamental component
of Smart Car Parking Systems, enabling the seamless connectivity and data exchange necessary for creating
efficient, user-friendly, and sustainable urban parking solutions.

1.5 TECHNOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS :

The technological foundations of Smart Car Parking Systems are diverse and interconnected, forming a
sophisticated ecosystem that revolutionizes traditional parking management. At the core of these systems is
the Internet of Things (IoT), which employs a network of sensors to monitor the occupancy status of
parking spaces in real time. These sensors transmit data to a central processing unit, where it is analyzed
using advanced data analytics techniques. This analysis provides valuable insights into parking space
availability, enabling the system to guide drivers to vacant spots efficiently.. Cloud computing and storage
are instrumental in managing the vast amounts of data generated by IoT sensors, ensuring scalability and
accessibility of information. Integration with other systems, such as traffic management and public
transportation, enhances the efficiency of smart parking systems and contributes to broader smart city
initiatives. Security and surveillance measures, including camera systems and access control mechanisms,
ensure the safety of parking facilities and the data transmitted and stored by the system. Together, these
technological foundations enable Smart Car Parking Systems to optimize space utilization, reduce traffic
congestion, and improve the overall parking experience for drivers, operators, and cities.

3
1.6 IMPLEMENTATION AND INTERGRATION :

Implementation and integration are crucial aspects of deploying a Smart Car Parking System, involving the
seamless incorporation of various technologies and processes to create a functional and efficient system.
The implementation process typically begins with the installation of IoT sensors in parking spaces to detect
occupancy status. These sensors are connected to a central processing unit, which collects and analyzes the
data in real time. Mobile applications are developed to provide users with access to this information,
enabling them to find available parking spaces, receive navigation assistance, and make payments.

The implementation and integration process also involve considerations for scalability, security, and
sustainability. Scalability ensures that the system can handle increasing numbers of users and parking
spaces. Security measures, such as data encryption and access control, protect the system from
unauthorized access and ensure the privacy of user data. Sustainability considerations focus on minimizing
the environmental impact of the system, such as reducing energy consumption and emissions.

Overall, successful implementation and integration of a Smart Car Parking System require careful planning,
coordination, and collaboration between various stakeholders, including government agencies, technology
providers, and parking operators. When done effectively, these systems can significantly improve urban
mobility, reduce congestion, and enhance the overall quality of life in cities

4
 CHAPTER-2
HARDWARE
REQUIRED
2.1 COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

● NodeMCU ESP8266
● IR Sensor
● 16X2 LCD Screen
● Connecting jumper wires
● Sample Cars

2.1 NODE MCU:

Fig:2.1

The NodeMCU ESP8266 is a versatile microcontroller board ideal for IoT applications, including smart car
parking systems. Equipped with a Wi-Fi microchip and full TCP/IP stack, it allows seamless connectivity
to the internet, making it perfect for remote monitoring and control. The ESP8266 can be programmed
using the Arduino IDE or Lua script, offering flexibility in development. In a smart car parking system, the
NodeMCU ESP8266 can interface with various sensors, such as ultrasonic sensors to detect car presence,
and communicate data to a central server. This enables real-time updates on parking availability, automated

5
 billing, and efficient space management, significantly enhancing user convenience and operational
efficiency.

2.1.1 SPECIFICATIONS:

NodeMCU ESP8266 is a pivotal component in a smart car parking system due to its impressive
specifications. It features a powerful ESP8266 microcontroller with a 32-bit RISC CPU running at 80 MHz,
ensuring efficient processing capabilities. The integrated Wi-Fi module supports 802.11 b/g/n standards,
enabling seamless wireless communication for real-time data transmission and remote monitoring. With 4
MB of flash memory, the NodeMCU can store and manage substantial amounts of data, including sensor
readings and user information. Its GPIO pins are versatile, allowing easy interfacing with various sensors
such as ultrasonic and infrared sensors to detect vehicle presence. Additionally, the board supports multiple
communication protocols, including UART, SPI, and I2C, facilitating integration with other hardware
components like RFID readers and LED indicators. The NodeMCU’s compatibility with the Arduino IDE
simplifies programming and development, making it an ideal choice for implementing a reliable, efficient,
and scalable smart car parking system.

2.1.2 GENERAL PURPOSE INPUT/OUTPUT INTERFACE (GPIO):-

The General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) interface on the NodeMCU ESP8266 plays a crucial role in a
smart car parking system. The NodeMCU features multiple GPIO pins that can be programmed to function
as either input or output, providing flexibility in interfacing with various hardware components. These
GPIO pins are used to connect sensors, such as ultrasonic and infrared sensors, which detect the presence of
vehicles in parking spaces. Additionally, the GPIO pins can control LED indicators to display parking
availability and manage relay modules for operating entry and exit barriers. The versatility of the GPIO
interface ensures that the NodeMCU can handle multiple tasks simultaneously, enabling a seamless and
efficient smart car parking system. By leveraging the GPIO pins, the NodeMCU can gather data from
sensors, process it in real-time, and communicate with the central server, ensuring smooth operation and
accurate monitoring of the parking facility.

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2.2 IR SENSOR:

Fig:2.2

2.2.1 PIN DIAGRAM:

 Vcc (Power Supply): Connect to 3.3V to 5V power supply.

 GND (Ground): Connect to the ground of the circuit.

 OUT (Digital Output): Provides a digital signal (HIGH/LOW) depending on the IR light received.

 OUT (Analog Output): Provides an analog signal corresponding to the intensity of the IR light received
(this pin is optional and may not be present in all modules).

2.2.2 FEATURES:

In a smart car parking system, IR sensors offer several crucial features that enhance efficiency and
accuracy. These sensors excel in vehicle detection through proximity sensing, where they emit infrared
light and measure the reflection to determine the presence of a vehicle. This capability ensures reliable
identification of occupied and vacant parking spaces. IR sensors are effective within a range of a few
centimeters to several meters, making them ideal for monitoring individual parking spots. Additionally,

7
 they are cost-effective and easy to install, contributing to the overall affordability and scalability of the
parking system. Their ability to function in various lighting conditions, including low light or nighttime,
ensures consistent performance around the clock. The integration of IR sensors in a smart car parking
system facilitates real-time monitoring and management of parking spaces, significantly improving user
convenience and operational efficiency.

2.2.3 APPLICATIONS:

IR sensors in a smart car parking system are employed in several key applications, enhancing the system's
functionality and efficiency. Firstly, they are used for vehicle detection, accurately identifying occupied and
vacant parking spaces by sensing the presence of vehicles through reflected infrared light. This real-time
data enables efficient space management and helps drivers locate available parking spots quickly. Secondly,
IR sensors facilitate automated barrier control by detecting approaching vehicles and triggering the opening
or closing of entry and exit barriers. This automation streamlines traffic flow and enhances security.
Additionally, IR sensors are used in parking guidance systems to direct drivers to available spaces, reducing
search time and congestion. Their ability to operate effectively in various lighting conditions, including low
light, ensures reliable performance at all times. Overall, the integration of IR sensors in a smart car parking
system improves user experience, optimizes space utilization, and enhances the operational efficiency of
the parking facility.

2.3 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY:

8
 Fig:2.3

2.3.1 PIN DIAGRAM:

 An I2C LCD module typically has 4 pins: GND, VCC, SDA, and SCL.
 GND (Ground): Connects to the ground pin of the Arduino.
 VCC (Voltage Common Collector): Connects to the 5V pin of the Arduino.
 SDA (Serial Data Line): Connects to the Arduino's data line for I2C communication.
 SCL (Serial Clock Line): Connects to the Arduino's clock line for I2C communication.

2.3.2 FEATURES:

In a smart car parking system, LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) offer several key features that enhance user
experience and system functionality. LCD screens provide a clear and high-visibility display, ensuring that
information such as the number of available parking spots, directions to vacant spaces, and entry/exit
statuses are easily readable to drivers. Their high resolution ensures that text and graphics are displayed
sharply and clearly, even from a distance.

One of the significant advantages of LCDs in this application is their ability to display real-time
information. They can dynamically update the display based on data received from sensors and the central
server, providing drivers with up-to-date information on parking availability and guidance to the nearest
available spot. This feature helps reduce the time spent searching for parking and improves overall traffic
flow within the parking facility.

Another important aspect of LCDs is their energy efficiency. LCD screens consume relatively low power
compared to other display technologies, making them suitable for continuous operation in a smart parking
system without significantly increasing energy costs. Overall, the features of LCDs make them an excellent
choice for displaying critical information in a smart car parking system, enhancing user convenience and
system efficiency.

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2.3.3 APPLIACTIONS:

A 16×2 LCD has two registers like a data register and command register. The RS (register select) is mainly
used to change from one register to another. When the register set is ‘0’, then it is known as a command
register. Similarly, when the register set is ‘1’, then it is known as a data register.

i) Command Register:-

The main function of the command register is to store the instructions of command which are given to the
display. So that predefined tasks can be performed such as clearing the display, initializing, set the cursor
place, and display control. Here commands processing can occur within the register.

ii) Data Register:-

The main function of the data register is to store the information which is to be exhibited on the LCD
screen. Here, the ASCII value of the character is the information which is to be exhibited on the LCD
screen of LCD. Whenever we send the information to LCD, it transmits to the data register, and then the
process will be starting there. When register set =1, then the data register will be selected.

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 CHAPTER – 3

SOFTWARE REQUIRED

3.1 SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

● Embedded C
● Arduino IDE
● Installation in Blynk Application

3.2 EMBEDDED C:

Embedded C is one of the most popular and most commonly used Programming Languages in the
development of Embedded Systems. So, in this article, we will see some of the Basics of Embedded
C Program and the Programming Structure of Embedded C.

Embedded C is perhaps the most popular language among Embedded Programmers for
programming Embedded Systems. There are many popular programming languages like Assembly,
BASIC, C++, Python etc. that are often used for developing Embedded Systems but Embedded C
remains popular due to its efficiency, less development time and portability.

Before digging in to the basics of Embedded C Program, we will first take a look at what an
Embedded System is and the importance of Programming Language in Embedded Systems.An
Embedded System can be best described as a system which has both the hardware and software and
is designed to do a specific task.

3.2.1 PROGRAMMING EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

As mentioned earlier, Embedded Systems consists of both Hardware and Software. If we consider a
simple Embedded System, the main Hardware Module is the Processor. The Processor is the heart

11
the Embedded System and it can be anything like a Microprocessor, Microcontroller, DSP, CPLD
(Complex Programmable Logic Device) or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).All these
devices have one thing in common: they are programmable i.e., we can write a program (which is
the software part of the Embedded System) to define how the device actually works.

Embedded Software or Program allow Hardware to monitor external events (Inputs / Sensors) and
control external devices (Outputs) accordingly. During this process, the program for an Embedded
System may have to directly manipulate the internal architecture of the Embedded Hardware
(usually the processor) such as Timers, Serial Communications Interface, Interrupt Handling, and
I/O Ports etc.

From the above statement, it is clear that the Software part of an Embedded System is equally
important as the Hardware part. There is no point in having advanced Hardware Components with
poorly written programs (Software).There are many programming languages that are used for
Embedded Systems like Assembly (low-level Programming Language), C, C++, JAVA (high-level
programming languages), Visual Basic, JAVA Script (Application level Programming Languages),
etc.

In the process of making a better embedded system, the programming of the system plays a vital
role and hence, the selection of the Programming Language is very important.

3.3 ARDUINO IDE SOFTWARE:

Arduino is a prototype platform (open-source) based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It

consists of a circuit board, which can be programmed (referred to as a microcontroller) and a
ready-made software called Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), which is used to
write and upload the computer code to the physical board.

● Step 1: Install the Arduino Software (IDE)

● Step 2: Get an Uno R3 and USB cable
● Step 3: Connect the board

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3.4 ThingSpeak APPLICATION:
A smart car parking system using ThingSpeak can revolutionize urban parking management by leveraging
IoT technology. By integrating sensors in parking spaces, the system can monitor the availability of each
spot in real-time. These sensors send data to ThingSpeak, where it is collected, analyzed, and visualized.
Users can access this data through a web or mobile application to find available parking spots quickly and
efficiently. The system can also provide analytics to city planners and parking lot operators, helping
optimize space usage and reduce congestion. This smart solution not only enhances the parking experience
for drivers but also contributes to better traffic management and urban planning.

3.4.1 FEATURES:

● Similar API & UI for all supported hardware & devices

● Connection to the cloud using:
o WiFi
o Bluetooth and BLE
o Ethernet
o USB (Serial)
o GSM
● Set of easy-to-use Widgets
● Direct pin manipulation with no code writing
● Easy to integrate and add new functionality using virtual pins
● History data monitoring via SuperChart widget
● Device-to-Device communication using Bridge Widget
● Sending emails, tweets, push notifications, etc.

Hardware:
The hardware for a smart car parking system using ThingSpeak includes essential components such as
sensors, microcontrollers, communication modules, and power supplies. Ultrasonic or infrared sensors are
installed in each parking space to detect vehicle presence. Microcontrollers like Arduino or
ESP8266/ESP32 process the sensor data and handle its transmission. Communication modules, typically

13
Wi-Fi or GSM/GPRS, enable the data to be sent to ThingSpeak over the internet. A reliable power supply is
crucial, often provided by batteries or solar panels for outdoor installations. This setup allows real-time
monitoring and data transmission, enabling efficient parking management through the ThingSpeak
platform.

3.4.2 CODE FOR NODEMCU AND ThingSpeak APPLICATION CONNECTION:-

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>

const char* ssid = "YOUR_SSID"; // Replace with your WiFi SSID

const char* password = "YOUR_PASSWORD"; // Replace with your WiFi password

const char* apiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"; // Replace with your ThingSpeak Write API Key const char*
server = "http://api.thingspeak.com";

void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); WiFi.begin(ssid, password); Serial.print("Connecting to ");

Serial.print(ssid); // Wait for the connection to establish while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

delay(500);

Serial.print(".");

Serial.println("Connected to WiFi");

void loop()

14
if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) { HTTPClient http;

String url = String(server) + "/update?api_key=" + apiKey + "&field1=25.3&field2=60.5"; http.begin(url);

// Specify the URL

int httpCode = http.GET(); // Make the request if (httpCode > 0) {

String payload = http.getString(); // Get the response payload Serial.println("HTTP Response code: " +
String(httpCode)); Serial.println("Response: " + payload);

} else {

Serial.println("Error on HTTP request");

http.end(); // Free the resources

delay(20000); // Wait 20 seconds to send the next data

} else {

Serial.println("WiFi Disconnected");

15
 CHAPTER-4

METHODOLOGY

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig 4.1

4.2 EMPATHY MAP:

16
 4.3 VALUE PROPORTION CANVAS:

Fig 4.2

4.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE:

The smart car parking system depicted in the block diagram operates by leveraging IR sensors, a
NodeMCU microcontroller, and an LCD display to efficiently manage parking space availability. When a
car approaches the parking lot, it is first detected by an IR sensor at the entry point. This sensor sends a
signal to the NodeMCU, which processes the data and updates the LCD display to indicate the current
status of the parking spots, showing whether they are occupied or available.

Upon a car's entry into a specific parking space, a second IR sensor detects its presence. This information is
again sent to the NodeMCU, which updates the status on the LCD display, ensuring real-time tracking of
each parking space. The NodeMCU also communicates with ThingSpeak, an IoT platform, via its built-in
Wi-Fi module. This enables the system to send real-time data to ThingSpeak for remote monitoring and
data analysis, providing an overview of the parking lot's occupancy status.

The NodeMCU's ability to connect to the internet allows for continuous data logging and analysis, helping
parking lot operators to optimize space usage and manage traffic flow efficiently. The system not only

17
assists drivers in finding available parking spots quickly but also aids in reducing congestion and enhancing
overall parking management. By visualizing data on ThingSpeak, operators can gain insights into peak
usage times and make informed decisions about parking policies and infrastructure improvements.

4.3 IMPLEMENTATION:

Implementing a smart car parking system using NodeMCU, IR sensors, and an LCD involves several steps.
First, you need to set up the hardware components. Place IR sensors at each parking space to detect the
presence of a car. Connect the IR sensors to the NodeMCU board. Then, connect an LCD to the NodeMCU
to display the status of each parking space.

Next, write the firmware for the NodeMCU. Use the NodeMCU's GPIO pins to read the sensor values and
update the LCD display accordingly. You'll need to define the logic for detecting when a car enters or
leaves a parking space based on the sensor readings.

Additionally, you can use the NodeMCU's Wi-Fi capabilities to send the parking space status to a server or
a mobile app for remote monitoring. This way, users can check the availability of parking spaces in real-
time.

In addition to the basic functionality of detecting and displaying parking space availability, a smart car
parking system can be enhanced with features such as reservation and payment systems. Users can reserve
a parking space in advance through a mobile app or website. The system can then allocate the reserved
space and update the display accordingly.

Payment integration allows users to pay for parking directly through the app or website, making the process
seamless and efficient. The system can also provide notifications to users, such as reminders when their
parking time is about to expire or alerts when a reserved space becomes available.

Furthermore, data collected by the system, such as parking space usage and payment history, can be
analyzed to optimize parking space allocation and improve overall efficiency. This data can also be used for
future planning and decision-making regarding parking infrastructure.

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 Overall, a smart car parking system using NodeMCU, IR sensors, and an LCD, when integrated with
advanced features and capabilities, can greatly enhance the parking experience for users and improve the
management of parking spaces.

4.4 ALGORITHM OF THE CODE:

To implement a smart car parking system using NodeMCU, IR sensors, and an LCD, you can follow this
algorithm:

1. Initialize the NodeMCU, IR sensors, and LCD.

2. Set up the IR sensors to detect the presence of a car in each parking space.

3. Continuously monitor the IR sensors to detect changes in car presence.

4. Update the LCD display to show the current status of each parking space (occupied or vacant).

5. Optionally, implement features such as reservation and payment systems.

6. If a reservation system is implemented, update the LCD display to show reserved spaces.

7. If a payment system is implemented, handle payment processing and update the LCD display accordingly.

8. Optionally, integrate Wi-Fi capabilities to send parking space status to a server or mobile app for remote
monitoring.

9. Analyze collected data to optimize parking space allocation and improve efficiency.

10. Implement notifications for users, such as reminders and alerts.

This algorithm provides a basic outline for implementing a smart car parking system. Additional steps and
features can be added based on specific requirements and functionalities desired for the system.

19
4.4.1 INITIALIZATION OF CODE FOR TAKING INPUTS FROM THE
SENSORS AND DISPLAYING:

Arduino Code:

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

#include <Wire.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

int s1, s2, s3=0;

int ir=0;

const char* ssid = "wifi002";

const char* password = "12345678";

const char* host = "iotproject2024.000webhostapp.com";

const char* streamId = "....................";

const char* privateKey = "....................";

#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>

#include "DHT.h"

#define DHTPIN D3 // Digital pin connected to the DHT sensor

#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

int count1=0;

int count11=0;

String stat="";

20
int flg=0;

int flag=0;

int btrate=0;

int flg1=0;

int flag1=0;

int btrate1=0;

int ldr=A0;

int spo=0;

int gs=D2;

int gasv=0;

int delayMS=0;

int tp;

float mv;

int cel;

int sm=0;

int hum=0;

int ws=0;

int pump=10;

void setup(void)

//ESP.wdtDisable();

// Your code here

//ESP.wdtEnable(WDTO_8S);

21
 Serial.begin(115200);

pinMode(D6,INPUT);

pinMode(D7,INPUT);

pinMode(D5,INPUT);

//Use predefined PINS consts

Wire.begin(D2, D1);

lcd.init();

lcd.home();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Car Parking");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Monitoring System");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Wifi");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Connecting");

delay(2000);

Serial.println();

Serial.println();

Serial.print("Connecting to ");

22
 Serial.println(ssid);

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

delay(500);

Serial.print("hello");

Serial.println("car");

Serial.println("WiFi connected");

Serial.println("IP address: ");

Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Wifi");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Connected");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("S1: S2: ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("S3: ");

delay(2000);

23
void loop(void)

slot();

delay(1000);

Serial.print("connecting to ");

Serial.println(host);

// Use WiFiClient class to create TCP connections

WiFiClient client;

const int httpPort = 80;

if (!client.connect(host, httpPort)) {

Serial.println("connection failed");

return;

String url = "GET http://iotproject2024.000webhostapp.com/car_parking/update.php?s1="; // Getting info

from my online database through my online website

url+=s1;

url+="&s2=";

url+=s2;

url+="&s3=";

url+=s3;

url+="&s4=";

url+=0;

url+=" HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: iotproject2024.000webhostapp.com\r\n\r\n";

24
url += "\r\n\r\n";

Serial.print("Requesting URL: ");

Serial.println(url);

// This will send the request to the server

client.print(url);

unsigned long timeout = millis();

while (client.available() == 0) {

if (millis() - timeout > 5000) {

Serial.println(">>> Client Timeout !");

client.stop();

return;

// Read all the lines of the reply from server and print them to Serial

while(client.available()){

char a=client.read();

Serial.print(a);

/*

if(a=='*')

a=client.read();

Serial.print(a);

if(a=='a')

25
{

a=client.read();

Serial.print(a);

if(a=='1')

digitalWrite(D8,LOW);

if(a=='0')

digitalWrite(D8,HIGH);

}*/

//String line = client.readStringUntil('\r');

//Serial.print(line);

Serial.print(a);

void slot()

s1 = digitalRead(D5);

26
s2 = digitalRead(D6);

s3 = digitalRead(D7);

if(s1==1)

lcd.setCursor(3,0);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(3,0);

lcd.print("NA");

else

lcd.setCursor(3,0);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(3,0);

lcd.print("AV");

if(s2==1)

lcd.setCursor(11,0);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(11,0);

lcd.print("NA");

27
else

lcd.setCursor(11,0);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(11,0);

lcd.print("AV");

if(s3==1)

lcd.setCursor(3,1);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(3,1);

lcd.print("NA");

else

lcd.setCursor(3,1);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(3,1);

lcd.print("AV");

28
 CHAPTER 5

RESULTS

5.1 PRACTICAL SETUP:

Fig 5.1f

Fig 5.1

29
 CHAPTER-6

CONCLUSION

6.1 CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, a smart car parking system implemented using NodeMCU, IR sensors, and an LCD can
greatly improve the efficiency and convenience of managing parking spaces. By continuously monitoring
the presence of cars in each space and updating the display accordingly, the system provides real-time
information to users about parking space availability.

By integrating features such as reservation and payment systems, the system can further enhance the user
experience, allowing for easy and convenient parking space allocation and payment. Additionally, by
analyzing collected data, the system can optimize parking space allocation and improve overall efficiency.

Overall, a smart car parking system using NodeMCU, IR sensors, and an LCD, when integrated with
advanced features and capabilities, can significantly improve the parking experience for users and
streamline the management of parking spaces.

6.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT:

Future enhancements for a smart car parking system using NodeMCU, IR sensors, and an LCD could
include:

1. License Plate Recognition: Implementing a system to recognize license plates can automate the process of
identifying vehicles and managing parking space allocation.

2. Advanced Payment Options: Integrating more payment options such as mobile wallets and contactless
payments can further improve the convenience for users.
30
3. Integration with Navigation Apps: Integrating the parking system with popular navigation apps can help
users easily find and navigate to available parking spaces.

4. Predictive Analytics: Using data analytics to predict parking space availability based on historical data and
current trends can help optimize parking space allocation.

5. Smart Parking Guidance: Implementing a guidance system to direct drivers to available parking spaces
using signage or mobile apps can improve the overall parking experience.

6. Environmental Monitoring: Integrating sensors to monitor environmental conditions such as air quality
and temperature can provide additional value to users and city planners.

7. Integration with Public Transportation: Integrating the parking system with public transportation
services can encourage more sustainable transportation options.

8. Dynamic Pricing: Implementing a dynamic pricing system based on demand can help optimize parking
space usage and generate additional revenue.

9. Accessibility Features: Implementing features to make the parking system more accessible for people with
disabilities can improve inclusivity.

10. Security Enhancements: Adding security features such as surveillance cameras and secure access control
can improve the safety of the parking facility.

These enhancements can further improve the efficiency, convenience, and user experience of a smart car
parking system, making it more beneficial for both users and operators.

31
32
 CHAPTER-7

REFERENCES
1. https://webbylab.com/blog/iot-based-smart-parking-system-step-by-step-guide-on-how-to-create-your-own-iot-
solution/ Food Monitoring System Using IOT D.Venkata Lakshmi , N.Harshitha , S.V.R.Chaitanya , K.Madhu
Babu

2. https://www.mokosmart.com/smart-parking-system-using-iot/ A SMART IOT FOOD QUALITY MONITORING

SYSTEM OTIENO VALARY TERRY (TLE/19/16),MR. KENNEDY OWORI

3. https://www.intuz.com/blog/iot-in-smart-parking-management-benefits-challenges Track: IoT Framework For Smart

Food Monitoring System by Amrita Srivastava, Ankita Gulati

4. https://nevonprojects.com/iot-car-parking-system/ IOT BASED ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

MONITORING SYSTEM FOR A CONTAINER

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34