Scribd
Upload
30 views

Polarization He Ne

Uploaded by

CHARIN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views

Polarization He Ne

Uploaded by

CHARIN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Experiment No.

Aim: To study the Faraday Effect using He-Ne Laser.

Apparatus Required:
Helium- Neon Laser, axial electromagnet with power supply, polariser and analysers with angle
measuring scale, special Faraday Effect glass, and laser detector with digital meter.

Theory of Faraday Effect:


When a transparent medium is permeated by an external magnetic field, the plane of polarization
of a plane polarized light beam passing through the medium is rotated if the direction of incident light is
parallel to the lines of force of the magnetic field. This is called the Faraday Effect.

The amount of rotation Φ observed for any given substance is found by experiment to be
proportional to the field strength and to the length of the medium. Then the rotation is given by:

Φ = VH l

where,

H is the strength of magnetic field in gauss

L is the length of the sample (medium) in cm.

V is the verdet’s constant.

The Verdet constant V also depends on the wave length of light used. In order to demonstrate
the Faraday Effect experimentally, plane polarized light is passed through a Flint glass SF6 cylinder,
supported between the drilled pole pieces of an electromagnet. An analyser arranged beyond the glass
cylinder has its polarization plane crossed with respect to that of the polarizer so that the field of view
of the face of glass cylinder projected on the translucent screen appears dark. When a current flows
through the coils of the electromagnet, a magnetic field is produced, permeating the glass cylinder in
the direction of irradiation.The electromagnet, a magnetic field is produced, permeating the glass
cylinder in the direction of irradiation.The rotation now occurring in the plane of oscillation of the
light is indicated by resulting the analyser to maximum extinction of the translucent screen image.
Procedure:

1. Switch on the laser power supply, the Electromagnet power supply keeping electromagnetic current
to a zero level, Switch on the laser power meter.
2. Make sure everything is in optical alignment. The laser, the Faraday Effect crystal places in the
electromagnet, the analyzers and the laser power meter are in straight line. The setup will be Laser
->electromagnet with sample->Analyzers->Laser detector with power meter. The laser beam after going
through the Faraday Effect glass inside the magnet should pass through the optical analyzer and fall onto
the window of the laser detector. The laser power meter should show some value of laser power.
3. Rotate the analyzer to get the highest value of laser power in the power meter. Note down the angular
reading of the analyzer
4. Now increase the current of the electromagnet to the value given in the calibration chart (you can note
down the reading of the magnetic field from the calibration table). The laser power meter reading should
change.
5. Rotate the analyzer to again get the maximum value of laser power. Note down this circular reading
of the analyzer. Every time the electromagnetic current is changed and magnetic field is
increased/decreased the Faraday Effect glass changes the orientation of the polarization of the light,
which can be measured by the analyzer.
6. Repeat this process of increasing the magnetic field and measuring the angle of maximum intensity
by the analyzer for as many current readings as given in the magnetic field calibration table.
7. Repeat the same procedure when decreasing the magnetic field.
8. The magnetic field and the rotation of polarization will have a relationship.
9. Calculate the value of the Verdet's Constant

The relation between the angle of rotation of the polarization and the magnetic field in a
transparent material is:
Polarization rotation due to the Faraday Effect
Β=vBd
where,
β is the angle of rotation (in radians)
B is the magnetic flux density in the direction of propagation (in teslas)
d is the length of the path (in meters) where the light and magnetic field interact
v is the Verdet constant for the material. This empirical proportionality constant (in units of
radians per tesla per meter) varies with wavelength and temperature and is tabulated for various
materials.

You might also like