**************************************************************************

USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC UFGS-35 73 13 (November 2018)

------------------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-35 73 13 (January 2008)

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

References are in agreement with UMRL dated October 2023

**************************************************************************

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 35 - WATERWAY AND MARINE CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 35 73 13

EMBANKMENT FOR EARTH AND ROCKFILL DAMS

11/18

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 UNIT PRICES

1.1.1 Compacted Fill, [Impervious][Pervious][Random]
1.1.1.1 Payment
1.1.1.2 Measurement of Fill Material
1.1.1.3 Unit of Measure
1.1.2 Backfill, [Impervious][Pervious][Random]
1.1.2.1 Payment
1.1.2.2 Measurement
1.1.2.3 Unit of Measure
1.1.3 Filter [Sand][Gravel][Rock]
1.1.3.1 Payment
1.1.3.2 Measurement
1.1.3.3 Unit of Measure
1.1.4 Rock Fill
1.1.4.1 Payment
1.1.4.2 Measurement
1.1.4.3 Unit of Measure
1.1.5 Additional Rolling for Compaction
1.1.5.1 Payment
1.1.5.2 Measurement
1.1.5.3 Unit of Measure
1.1.6 Instrumentation [Piezometer][Settlement Gage][Survey Marker]
1.1.6.1 Payment
1.1.6.2 Measurement
1.1.6.3 Unit of Measure
1.2 REFERENCES
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 Embankment
1.3.2 Compacted Fill
1.3.3 Uncompacted Fill
1.3.4 Backfill
1.3.5 Filter Materials

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 1
 1.3.6 Rock Fill
1.3.7 Unsatisfactory Materials
1.3.8 Unsatisfactory vs Satisfactory
1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.4.1 Haul Roads
1.4.2 Stockpiling from [Approved Borrow Sources][Required
Excavations]
1.5 SUBMITTALS

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS
2.1.1 General
2.1.2 Impervious Fill
2.1.3 Random Fill
2.1.4 Pervious Fill
2.1.5 Uncompacted Fill
2.1.6 Backfill
2.1.7 Filter Drainage Layers
2.1.8 Rock Fill
2.1.8.1 Rock

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 CONSTRUCTION
3.1.1 Lines and Grades
3.1.2 Conduct on the Work
3.2 PREPARATION OF FOUNDATION, PARTIAL FILL SURFACES AND ABUTMENTS
3.2.1 Earth
3.2.2 Rock
3.2.3 Foundation Inspection and Mapping Procedures
3.2.4 Foundation Condition Evaluation
3.2.5 Excavation and Foundation Mapping
3.2.6 Equipment for Foundation Excavation and Mapping
3.3 PLACEMENT
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Frozen Material
3.3.3 Rate of Placement
3.3.4 Impervious Fill
3.3.5 Random Fill
3.3.6 Pervious Fill
3.3.7 Filter Drainage Layers
3.3.8 Rockfill
3.3.9 Spreading
3.4 MOISTURE CONTROL
3.4.1 Impervious Sections
3.4.2 Random Sections
3.4.3 Pervious Section
3.4.4 Filter Drainage Layers
3.4.5 Rock Fill
3.5 COMPACTION
3.5.1 Equipment
3.5.1.1 Tamping Rollers
3.5.1.1.1 Towed
3.5.1.1.2 Self-propelled
3.5.1.2 Vibratory Rollers
3.5.1.3 Rubber-tired Rollers
3.5.1.4 Power Tampers
3.5.2 Impervious Fill

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 2
 3.5.3 Pervious Fill
3.5.4 Additional Rolling for Compaction
3.5.5 Filter and Transition Drainage Layers
3.5.6 Rock Fill
3.6 BACKFILL
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Placement
3.7 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
3.7.1 Materials Testing
3.7.1.1 Soil Classification Tests
3.7.1.2 Cohesive Material Testing
3.7.1.3 Moisture Density Relationships
3.7.1.4 Water (Moisture) Content Tests
3.7.1.5 In-place Density Testing for Cohesive Materials
3.7.1.6 Cohesionless Material Testing
3.7.1.6.1 Compaction Tests
3.7.1.6.2 In-place Density Tests
3.7.1.6.3 Water (Moisture) Content Tests
3.7.1.6.4 Additional Testing
3.7.1.7 Materials
3.7.1.8 Fill Placement
3.7.1.9 Grade and Cross Section
3.7.1.10 Testing by the Government
3.7.1.11 Reporting
3.8 SLIDES
3.9 PIEZOMETERS, SETTLEMENT GAGES AND SURFACE REFERENCE MARKS
3.9.1 Government Installed Piezometers
3.9.2 Location and Installation of Settlement Gages
3.9.3 Surface Reference Marks

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 3
 **************************************************************************
USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC UFGS-35 73 13 (November 2018)

------------------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-35 73 13 (January 2008)

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

References are in agreement with UMRL dated October 2023

**************************************************************************

SECTION 35 73 13

EMBANKMENT FOR EARTH AND ROCKFILL DAMS

11/18

**************************************************************************
NOTES: This guide specification covers the
requirements for preparing the embankment and
blanket foundations and placing and compacting all
permanent fills and backfills for earth and rock
fill dams. This section was originally developed
for USACE Civil Works projects.

Adhere to UFC 1-300-02 Unified Facilities Guide

Specifications (UFGS) Format Standard when editing
this guide specification or preparing new project
specification sections. Edit this guide
specification for project specific requirements by
adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed
items, choose applicable item(s) or insert
appropriate information.

This guide specification has removed paragraphs for

related construction activities that have their own
UFGS Guide Specifications. These include Section
31 00 00 EARTHWORK, Section 31 66 10 ROCK FOUNDATION
PREPARATION and Section 31 11 00 CLEARING AND
GRUBBING among others. Those Guide Specifications
should be included and referenced as is appropriate..

REMOVE INFORMATION AND REQUIREMENTS NOT REQUIRED IN

RESPECTIVE PROJECT, WHETHER OR NOT BRACKETS ARE
PRESENT.

Comments, suggestions and recommended changes for

this guide specification are welcome and should be
submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR).
**************************************************************************

PART 1 GENERAL

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This guide specification provides for
furnishing all plant, labor, and equipment, and
performing all operations in connection with the

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 4
 placement of embankment materials for earthen or
rockfill dams.

The requirements for rock as prescribed herein are

intended to be used on embankments involving rock
fill sections. Where rock for slope protection is
specified, Section 35 31 19 STONE, CHANNEL.
SHORELINE/COASTAL PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURES should
be used.
**************************************************************************

This specification provides for furnishing all materials, labor, and

equipment, and performing all operations in connection with the placement
of embankment materials for construction of the [earthen][rockfill] dam.

1.1 UNIT PRICES

**************************************************************************
NOTE: If Section 01 20 00 PRICE AND PAYMENT
PROCEDURES is included in the project
specifications, this paragraph title (UNIT PRICES)
should be deleted from this section and the
remaining appropriately edited subparagraphs below
should be inserted into Section 01 20 00 as
appropriate.
**************************************************************************

1.1.1 Compacted Fill, [Impervious][Pervious][Random]

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Include separate paragraphs for each type of
compacted fill material that will be required for
the construction of the dam, and select the
appropriate bracketed description for each.
**************************************************************************

1.1.1.1 Payment

Payment will be made for costs associated with placement of compacted

[impervious] [pervious] [random] fill embankment; spreading, harrowing,
moisture control, compacting, removing objectionable materials; and all
other incidental work required for the construction, protection, and
maintenance of the dam embankment. [This payment is separate to any
payment for excavating and transporting of material as specified in
Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.] Payment for preparation of foundations to
receive compacted [impervious] [pervious] [random] fill will be made in
accordance with Section 31 66 10 ROCK FOUNDATION PREPARATION.

1.1.1.2 Measurement of Fill Material

Compacted [impervious][pervious][random] fill will be measured for payment

in place based upon the established limit lines and the payment lines
shown on the plans or as otherwise established. Limit lines will be
established by the volume between the foundation lines as determined on
the basis of a survey made from excavation [including the cut-off trench]
and[ accomplishment of foundation preparation (except scarifying)] and the
lines, grades and slopes of the accepted embankment.

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 5
1.1.1.3 Unit of Measure

Unit of measure: cubic meter yard.

1.1.2 Backfill, [Impervious][Pervious][Random]

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Include separate paragraphs for each type of
backfill material that will be required for the
construction of the dam, and select the appropriate
bracketed description for each.
**************************************************************************

1.1.2.1 Payment

Payment will be made for costs associated with preparation of contacting

surfaces, including the spreading, compacting, moisture control, and all
other operations incidental to the placement of [impervious] [pervious]
[random] backfill. [This payment is in addition to any payment for
excavating and transporting of the material as specified in Section
31 00 00 EARTHWORK.] Payment for preparation of rock foundations to
receive [impervious] [pervious] [random] backfill will be done in
accordance with Section 31 66 10 ROCK FOUNDATION PREPARATION.

1.1.2.2 Measurement

Backfill, [impervious][pervious][random], will be measured for payment in

place based upon the established limit lines and the payment lines
indicated on the cross sections shown on the plans or as otherwise
established. Limit lines will be established by the volume between the
foundation lines as determined on the basis of a survey made from
excavation [and accomplishment of foundation preparation (except
scarifying) ]and the lines, grades and slopes of the accepted embankment.

1.1.2.3 Unit of Measure

Unit of measure: cubic meter yard.

1.1.3 Filter [Sand][Gravel][Rock]

**************************************************************************
NOTE: If several classes of material are to be used
to include transition zones or a multi-stage filter,
a separate pay item should be included for each
class.
**************************************************************************

1.1.3.1 Payment

Payment will be made for costs associated with obtaining filter [sand]
[gravel] [rock], [transportation to the site (whether from required
excavation, borrow, or commercial source),] mixing the materials to the
required gradation, spreading, moisture control, compacting, removing
objectionable materials, and all other incidental work required for the
construction, protection, and maintenance of the filter. This payment is
in addition to any payment for excavation (from required excavation or
borrow) of the material as specified in Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 6
1.1.3.2 Measurement

Filter [sand][gravel][rock] will be measured for payment in place based

upon the established limit lines and the payment lines indicated on the
cross sections shown on the plans or as otherwise established. Limit
lines will be established by the volume between the foundation lines as
determined on the basis of a survey made from excavation and
[accomplishment of foundation preparation (except scarifying)] and the
lines, grades and slopes of the accepted embankment.

1.1.3.3 Unit of Measure

Unit of measure: cubic meter yard.

1.1.4 Rock Fill

**************************************************************************
NOTE: If several classes of rock fill material are
used, a separate pay item should be included for
each class of material.
**************************************************************************

1.1.4.1 Payment

Payment will be made for costs associated with rock fill, including all
operations with excavation, quarrying, stockpiling, hauling, placing,
moisture conditioning, removing objectionable material, and all other
operations incidental to the placement of the rock fill.

1.1.4.2 Measurement

Rock fill will be measured for payment in place based upon the established
limit lines and the payment lines indicated on the cross sections shown on
the plans or as otherwise established. Limit lines will be established by
the volume between the foundation lines as determined on the basis of a
survey made from excavation [and accomplishment of foundation preparation
(except scarifying) ]and the lines, grades and slopes of the accepted
embankment.

1.1.4.3 Unit of Measure

Unit of measure: cubic meter yard.

[1.1.5 Additional Rolling for Compaction

**************************************************************************
NOTE: If an end result (production) specification
is used for compaction in section COMPACTION, delete
this item.
**************************************************************************

1.1.5.1 Payment

Payment will be made for costs associated with additional rolling for
compaction.

1.1.5.2 Measurement

**************************************************************************

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 7
 NOTE: Delete the bracketed reference to Section
35 73 13 if this paragraph is not moved to Section
01 20 00.
**************************************************************************

Additional rolling for compaction will be measured for payment on the

basis of the number of roller hours the compaction equipment is operated
in accomplishing the compaction specified in [Section 35 73 13 EMBANKMENT
FOR EARTH DAMS, ]paragraph COMPACTION.

1.1.5.3 Unit of Measure

Unit of measure: hour.

]1.1.6 Instrumentation [Piezometer][Settlement Gage][Survey Marker]

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The installation of instrumentation is not
strictly speaking an activity of construction of an
embankment dam. This activity should be placed
within its own specification division as an item of
SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION. There is presently no UFGS
guide specification for this item. The
specification writer should consider the use of a
section for SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION, and if so, delete
the following paragraphs.

Include paragraphs for all types of instruments as

may be utilized.
**************************************************************************

1.1.6.1 Payment

Payment will be made for costs associated with furnishing, installing,

[monitoring] and maintaining the [piezometers] [settlement gages] [survey
markers] during construction as specified[ in Section 35 73 13 EMBANKMENT
FOR EARTH DAMS] during construction, including measurements required to be
made by the Contractor.

1.1.6.2 Measurement

[Piezometers] [Settlement gages] [Survey markers] to be installed will be

measured for payment on the basis of the number specified[ in Section
35 73 13 EMBANKMENT FOR EARTH DAMS].

1.1.6.3 Unit of Measure

Unit of measure: each.

1.2 REFERENCES

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the
publications cited in the text of the guide
specification. The publications are referred to in
the text by basic designation only and listed in
this paragraph by organization, designation, date,
and title.

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 8
 Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
when you add a Reference Identifier (RID) outside of
the Section's Reference Article to automatically
place the reference in the Reference Article. Also
use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.

References not used in the text will automatically

be deleted from this section of the project
specification when you choose to reconcile
references in the publish print process.
**************************************************************************

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the

extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C33/C33M (2023) Standard Specification for Concrete

Aggregates

ASTM C136/C136M (2019) Standard Test Method for Sieve

Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ASTM D422 (1963; R 2007; E 2014; E 2014)

Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

ASTM D698 (2012; E 2014; E 2015) Laboratory

Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using
Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/cu. ft.
(600 kN-m/cu. m.))

ASTM D1140 (2017) Standard Test Methods for

Determining the Amount of Material Finer
than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Soils by
Washing

ASTM D1556/D1556M (2015; E 2016) Standard Test Method for

Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place
by Sand-Cone Method

ASTM D1557 (2012; E 2015) Standard Test Methods for

Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of
Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000
ft-lbf/ft3) (2700 kN-m/m3)

ASTM D2167 (2015) Density and Unit Weight of Soil in

Place by the Rubber Balloon Method

ASTM D2216 (2019) Standard Test Methods for

Laboratory Determination of Water
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass

ASTM D2487 (2017; E 2020) Standard Practice for

Classification of Soils for Engineering
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification
System)

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 9
 ASTM D2937 (2017; E 2017; E 2018) Standard Test
Method for Density of Soil in Place by the
Drive-Cylinder Method

ASTM D4253 (2016; E 2019) Standard Test Methods for

Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of
Soils Using a Vibratory Table

ASTM D4254 (2016) Standard Test Methods for Minimum

Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and
Calculation of Relative Density

ASTM D4318 (2017; E 2018) Standard Test Methods for

Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
Plasticity Index of Soils

ASTM D4643 (2017) Standard Test Method for

Determination of Water Content of Soil and
Rock by Microwave Oven Heating

ASTM D5195 (2014) Density of Soil and Rock In-Place

at Depths Below the Surface by Nuclear
Methods

ASTM D6938 (2017a) Standard Test Method for In-Place

Density and Water Content of Soil and
Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow
Depth)

1.3 DEFINITIONS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Add applicable definitions as appropriate for
the project.
**************************************************************************

1.3.1 Embankment

Embankment, as used in these specifications, is defined as the earth [and

rock ]fill portions of the dam structure and includes all types of earth
[and rock ]fill and filter materials for the dam [and cut-off trench, ]and
all other specified or directed earth and rock fills within the limits of
the dam[, excepting those stone and filter materials used for slope
protection in accordance with Section 35 31 19 STONE, CHANNEL,
SHORELINE/COASTAL PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURES].

1.3.2 Compacted Fill

Compacted fill includes all fill, except backfill and rock fill, deposited
in layers and compacted by rolling or tamping. The types of compacted
earth fill are:

a. Impervious fill for the [cut-off trench][, horizontal and inclined

impervious blankets,][ and ]impervious section of the embankment;

b. Random fill where indicated on the plans;

c. Pervious fill forming the upstream and downstream sections of the

embankment or where indicated on the plans, and

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 10
 d. Filter drainage layers forming the horizontal [and/or vertical or
inclined] pervious drainage blankets.

1.3.3 Uncompacted Fill

All fill, deposited in layers but not compacted except by the controlled
movement of hauling and spreading equipment.

1.3.4 Backfill

Backfill, as used in these specifications, is defined as that excavation

refill which cannot be placed around or adjacent to a structure until the
structure is completed and reached a specified concrete strength, requires
special compaction efforts, and is defined by limits indicated on the
plans and specifications.

1.3.5 Filter Materials

Filter materials are defined as material used as drainage or transition

zones between various types of fill and backfill (impervious, pervious,
random, and rock fill).

1.3.6 Rock Fill

Those portions of the embankment where rock is used as embankment fill.

1.3.7 Unsatisfactory Materials

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Unsatisfactory material will be defined in
accordance with ASTM D2487. This paragraph should
be edited as appropriate to delete inapplicable
materials.
**************************************************************************

[Materials which do not comply with the requirements for satisfactory

materials are unsatisfactory.] [Materials unsatisfactory for use as fill
and backfill are those earth and earth mixtures that classify by ASTM D2487
as [CH], [MH], OL, OH, and PT. In addition all topsoil, organics, roots
and other organic matter, biodegradable materials, debris, trash, rubble
and contaminated soil is unsatisfactory for use as embankment, backfill or
engineered fills. Unsatisfactory materials or processes are not in
compliance with these specifications.] Notify the Contracting Officer
when encountering any contaminated materials.

1.3.8 Unsatisfactory vs Satisfactory

The use of the terms satisfactory and unsatisfactory in this section is in

reference to the Contract requirements. Satisfactory materials or
processes are in full compliance with these specifications and
unsatisfactory materials or processes are not in compliance with these
specifications.

1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1.4.1 Haul Roads

**************************************************************************

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 11
 NOTES: Where roads are to be used by other
Contractors, the limits of responsibility should be
stated in the specifications.

With reference to the coverage in this paragraph, it

has been found advantageous to establish a project
traffic pattern for jobs of considerable scope and
to indicate on the plans acceptable haul road
locations and to specify maximum grades and minimum
road widths which are considered suitable. Where
project operations are varied and the use of haul
roads by other Contractors is required, the
specifications should so indicate. Detailed
requirements for haul roads should be based upon the
anticipated length of time the roads will be in use,
traffic load and probable types of hauling equipment
applicable to the specific project. This paragraph
should be modified as necessary to clarify the
requirements of the particular project.
**************************************************************************

Haul roads must be [located as indicated and][located and] constructed as

approved. Design haul roads to maintain the intended traffic, to be free
draining and maintain good condition throughout the contract period,
unless otherwise directed. Remove haul roads within the area of contact
between the embankment and its foundation and abutments and treat the area
as specified in paragraph PREPARATION OF FOUNDATION, PARTIAL FILL SURFACE,
AND ABUTMENTS.

Submit a Plan of Operations for approval thirty days prior to commencement

of haul road construction or placing embankment and backfill, whichever is
earlier, for accomplishing all embankment and backfill construction and
for the location and construction of haul roads.

1.4.2 Stockpiling from [Approved Borrow Sources][Required Excavations]

When the excavation from [approved borrow sources][or required

excavations] progresses at a faster rate than placement in the fill is
being accomplished, stockpile excavated material at approved locations
adjacent to the work until its use is authorized. No payment will be made
for such stockpiling nor for the reloading and hauling of this material to
its final position in the embankment.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Review Submittal Description (SD) definitions
in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES and edit
the following list, and corresponding submittal
items in the text, to reflect only the submittals
required for the project. The Guide Specification
technical editors have classified those items that
require Government approval, due to their complexity
or criticality, with a "G." Generally, other
submittal items can be reviewed by the Contractor's
Quality Control System. Only add a “G” to an item
if the submittal is sufficiently important or
complex in context of the project.

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 12
 For Army projects, fill in the empty brackets
following the "G" classification, with a code of up
to three characters to indicate the approving
authority. Codes for Army projects using the
Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for
Architect-Engineer; "DO" for District Office
(Engineering Division or other organization in the
District Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for
Resident Office; and "PO" for Project Office. Codes
following the "G" typically are not used for Navy
and Air Force projects.

The "S" classification indicates submittals required

as proof of compliance for sustainability Guiding
Principles Validation or Third Party Certification
and as described in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES.

Choose the first bracketed item for Navy and Air

Force projects, or choose the second bracketed item
for Army projects.
**************************************************************************

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" or "S"

classification. Submittals not having a "G" or "S" classification are
[for Contractor Quality Control approval.][for information only. When
used, a code following the "G" classification identifies the office that
will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Plan of Operations; G, DO

30 days prior to commencement of haul road construction or placing

embankment and backfill, whichever is earlier, submit for approval
a Plan of Operations for accomplishing all embankment and backfill
construction and for the location and construction of haul roads.
This plan must include, but not be limited to, the proposed
sequence of construction for embankment and backfill items, and
methods and types of equipment to be utilized for all embankment
and backfill operations, including transporting, placing, and
compaction. Also include the names and addresses of the
commercial testing labs which will perform the soil testing and
inspection and describe how all required soils testing will be
performed in this plan.

Embankment and Backfill Materials; G, DO

At least 30 days prior to delivery of any Contractor-furnished

material to the site of the work, submit soil classification test
results, moisture-density curves, gradation curves, and laboratory
results of the required tests of the proposed material.

SD-06 Test Reports

Foundation Inspection; G, DO

Provide a foundation inspection report, certified by a registered

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 13
 Professional Geotechnical Engineer or Geologist, documenting the
inspection. The report must include, at a minimum, a description
of each geologic stratum encountered along the slopes and
excavation bottom, laboratory testing results if any tests were
performed, and other pertinent information. The report's main
body must be a color copy submitted to the Government within four
calendar days of completion of the inspection by the Contractor's
geologist. Include figures, tables and photographs as necessary.

Measurement of Fill Material; G, RO

Submit a copy of the records of each compliance survey the next

work day following the survey.

Testing; G, RO

Within 24 hours of conclusion of physical tests, three copies of

test results, including calibration curves and results of
calibration tests.

SD-07 Certificates

Testing; G, RO

Qualifications of the [USACE validated] [validate] commercial

testing laboratory or the Contractor's validated testing
facilities.

Nuclear Density; G, RO

Use nuclear density testing equipment in accordance with ASTM D6938.

In addition, the following conditions are applicable:

a. Prior to using the nuclear density testing equipment on the

site, submit to the Contracting Officer a certification that the
operator has completed a training course approved by the nuclear
density testing equipment manufacturer, the most recent data sheet
from the manufacturer's calibration, and a copy of the most recent
statistical check of the standard count precision.

b. Provide nuclear density testing equipment capable of extending

a probe a minimum of 12 inches down into a hole.

c. Field density reports must include the laboratory density

reports applicable to the field data presented.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This paragraph may be modified to specify
soils for various types of fill in accordance with
the Unified Soil Classification System. When this
is done, the optional sentence should be selected.
**************************************************************************

[ Classification of soils will be in accordance with ASTM D2487.]

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 14
2.1.1 General

The origin of any fill material in no way determines where it may be used
in the embankment. Obtain materials for embankment fills from required
excavations, from the borrow areas indicated, or from off-site commercial
sources as required. The intention is to use the most suitable materials
obtainable from these sources. Material to be wasted will be specifically
designated at the time the material is excavated. Materials containing
brush, roots, sod, organics or other perishable materials will not be
considered suitable. The suitability of the materials are subject to
approval and their disposition in the embankment will be as directed.
Excavate in the borrow areas in the location determined by the Contracting
Officer, whenever such control is necessary to obtain the type of material
required for the embankment. Use borrow pits in accordance with Section
31 00 00 EARTHWORK paragraph SELECTION OF BORROW MATERIAL and paragraph
OPENING AND DRAINAGE OF EXCAVATION AND BORROW PITS. Mixing of materials
during the excavating process at the borrow area may be required.

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The designer may choose to limit the
definition of impervious with restriction on liquid
limit, plasticity index, or fines content. If so,
those restrictions should be added to paragraph
2.1.2.
**************************************************************************

2.1.2 Impervious Fill

Provide material for compacted impervious fill consisting of [GC SC ML CL

MH CH clays, silty clays, or clayey silts ] classified as cohesive
materials in accordance with ASTM D4318, ASTM C136/C136M and ASTM D1140
obtained from the designated borrow areas [or required excavation] [or
off-site commercial sources].

2.1.3 Random Fill

Provide material for compacted random fill consisting of any or all types
of satisfactory material which are suitable for use in the dam embankment.

2.1.4 Pervious Fill

Material for compacted pervious fill must be clean, free draining sand or
sand and gravel obtained from natural deposits [within borrow areas and
from designated excavations][ or ][from sources designated]. Provide
particles of material that are free from any objectionable coating and not
more than [_____] percent of the material, by weight, and passing a 0.075
mm No. 200 sieve.

2.1.5 Uncompacted Fill

Except as otherwise [indicated or ]required, material for uncompacted fill

may consist of any or all types of material available from required
excavations and designated borrow areas with the exception of material
that is considered unsatisfactory as defined in Unsatisfactory Materials.

2.1.6 Backfill

Provide backfill consisting of material of a type and quality conforming

to that specified for the contiguous embankment fill material, unless

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 15
 otherwise directed.

2.1.7 Filter Drainage Layers

Filter materials must meet the quality requirements of ASTM C33/C33M

concrete aggregate except as stated herein. Filter materials must consist
of sand, gravel, or crushed stone composed of tough, durable, angular
particles; must be free from thin, flat and elongated pieces, and must
contain no organic matter or soft, friable particles. The material must
be washed with clean water such that the final product has no visible
soil, soil slurry, or objectionable coatings.

Gradation of the material must be determined in accordance with ASTM D2487,

ASTM D422, ASTM D1140, and ASTM D4318. All points on individual grading
curves obtained from representative samples of filter material must lie
between the boundary limits as defined by smooth curves drawn through the
tabulated grading limits plotted on a mechanical analysis diagram. The
individual grading curves within these limits must not exhibit abrupt
changes in slope denoting skip grading, scalping of certain sizes or other
irregularities which would be detrimental to the proper functioning of the
filter; and will be well-graded between the limits specified below:.

SIEVE SIZE PERCENT BY WEIGHT PASSING

[_____] [_____]

[_____] [_____]

[_____] [_____]

2.1.8 Rock Fill

2.1.8.1 Rock

Stone classed as "rock" must be sound; well graded and free draining.[
The presence of rock meeting the requirements of slope protection, Section
35 31 19 STONE, CHANNEL, SHORELINE/COASTAL PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURES, will
not be objectionable.] Obtain rock from required excavation[ and from
already existing stockpiles][ and from designated quarries]. Shales,
mudstone and other rock and excavated material unsuitable for use as rock
fill, will be wasted in designated spoil areas.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 CONSTRUCTION

3.1.1 Lines and Grades

**************************************************************************
NOTE: If settlement of the foundation is expected
during construction, install settlement gages as
detailed in 3.9.2 and 1.1.11.
**************************************************************************

Construct the embankment to the lines, grades and cross sections

indicated, unless otherwise directed. The Government reserves the right
to increase or decrease the foundation widths or the embankment slopes or
make such other changes in the embankment sections as may be deemed
necessary to produce a safe structure. Increases in height of section,

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 16
 made to compensate for shrinkage or consolidation of the embankment
material or foundation during construction of the embankment, will not
exceed five percent of the height above the foundation indicated without
the approval of the Contracting Officer. The end slopes and side slopes
of partial fill sections must not be steeper than[ one vertical on [_____]
horizontal][ those shown].

3.1.2 Conduct on the Work

Maintain and protect the embankment in a satisfactory condition at all

times until final completion and acceptance of all work under the
contract. At all times protect pervious fills, filters, and drainage
layers from erosion, runoff, and contamination from different soils or
other materials. These materials must be uncontaminated for minimum
dimensions shown on the plans. Minimize equipment travel on these zones to
prevent segregation, contamination, and breakdown of materials.

If in the opinion of the Contracting Officer the hauling equipment causes

horizontal shears or slickensides, rutting, quaking, heaving, cracking or
excessive deformation of the embankment, limit the type, load or travel
speed of the hauling equipment on the embankment. Replace any embankment
material rendered unsuitable after being placed in the embankment and
before final acceptance of the work in a satisfactory manner and no
additional payment will be made therefor. Excavate and remove from the
embankment any material which the Contracting Officer considers
objectionable, dispose of such material, and refill the excavated area as
directed, all at no cost to the Government. Do not place unsatisfactory
materials in the embankment. The Contractor may be required to remove,
without additional payment, any embankment material placed outside of
prescribed slope lines.

3.2 PREPARATION OF FOUNDATION, PARTIAL FILL SURFACES AND ABUTMENTS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: General preparation of the foundation for dam
construction should be addressed in Section 31 66 10
ROCK FOUNDATION PREPARATION. The following
paragraphs may be deleted or modified as appropriate
to provide explicit direction to preparation of
surfaces for placement of embankment fill.
**************************************************************************

3.2.1 Earth

After excavation or stripping of the embankment foundation[ and excavation

of the cut-off trench] to the extent indicated or otherwise required,
break down the sides of stump holes, test pits, and other similar cavities
or depressions where so directed to flatten out the slopes, and scarify
the sides of the cut or hole to provide bond between the foundation
material and the fill.[ Scarify the slopes and bottom of the cut-off
trench as directed.] Unless otherwise directed, fill each depression with
either pervious, random, or impervious[, or rockfill] material dependent
upon the type of material which is to be placed immediately above the
foundation. Place the fill in layers; moisten and compact in accordance
with the applicable provisions of paragraphs PLACEMENT, MOISTURE CONTROL,
and COMPACTION. Spread materials which cannot be compacted by roller
equipment because of inadequate clearances in [_____]-mm-inch layers and
compact with power tampers to an extent equal to that of the contiguous
embankment fill material. After filling of depressions[ and cut-off

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 17
 trench] and immediately prior to placement of compacted fill in any
section of the embankment, loosen the foundation of such section
thoroughly by scarifying, plowing, discing or harrowing to a minimum depth
of [_____] mm [_____] inches, and adjust the moisture content to the
amount specified in paragraph MOISTURE CONTROL for the appropriate type of
material, except in areas where this requirement is waived by the
Contracting Officer. After removal of roots or other debris turned up in
the process of loosening, compact the entire surface of the embankment
foundation area [by [_____] complete coverages of the compaction equipment
as specified for the appropriate type of fill in accordance with paragraph
COMPACTION.] [compacted to a density of [_____] percent in accordance with
paragraph COMPACTION.][ Proof roll foundation areas in accordance with
Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK paragraph PROOF ROLLING.]

Prior to placement of compacted fill on or against the surfaces of any

partial fill section, remove all soft or loose material, all material
containing cracks or gullies, and all material that does not conform with
the specified zoning of the embankment. Loosen the remaining surface of
the partial fill by scarifying, plowing, discing or harrowing to a minimum
depth of 150 mm 6 inches, and adjust the moisture content as specified in
paragraph MOISTURE CONTROL for the appropriate type of material. Compact
the surface of the partial fill section upon which fill is to be placed as
specified in paragraph COMPACTION for the appropriate type of fill. No
separate payment will be made for loosening and rolling the foundation
area, the abutment area, or the surfaces of partial fill sections, but
include the entire cost in the applicable contract price for fill.

3.2.2 Rock

Claen all rock surfaces upon which or against which embankment materials
are to be placed in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section
31 00 00 EARTHWORK and Section 31 66 10 ROCK FOUNDATION PREPARATION.[
Prior to the placement of embankment material upon or against a rock
surface, fill all open joints and cracks in that surface with mortar to
the depths cleaned. Fill those portions of such rock surfaces where, in
the opinion of the Contracting Officer, the compaction of the embankment
materials cannot be accomplished satisfactorily with power tampers or
other specified compaction equipment with mortar or concrete as directed
to the extent necessary to permit satisfactory use of the compaction
equipment. Do no leave a thin coat of mortar on smooth, intact rock
surfaces. Remove large rock overhangs and protrusions by pre-splitting or
line drilling techniques in such a manner as to minimize damage to the
underlying rock, or the spaces beneath overhangs and fill around
protrusions with consolidated concrete so that satisfactory compaction of
embankment materials can be accomplished. Provide vertical surfaces that
are no more than [_____] meters [_____] feet in height, and provide
benches of sufficient width as necessary so that the average slope of any
rock face is not steeper than [_____] vertical on [_____] horizontal.
Provide mortar and concrete, including forming as necessary, conforming
with the applicable provisions of Section [03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE][03 30 00 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE][_____].]

[3.2.3 Foundation Inspection and Mapping Procedures

Foundation means any area of the excavation to receive concrete, backfill,

or embankment, including the entire excavation bottom and side slopes.

Inspections to determine the adequacy of the foundations will be performed

by the Contracting Officer in all foundation areas between completion of

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 18
 the surface preparation and placement of Embankment Fill, Filter Material,
Mud Mat, or concrete. The Contractor will cooperate to the extent
necessary to assist in the inspection. This will include having equipment
and personnel available to assist excavating, compacting, proof rolling,
cleaning, etc. The Contractor must coordinate his schedule for foundation
preparation and final cleanup with the Contracting Officer to ensure that
the cleanup and inspection proceed in an orderly manner.

][3.2.4 Foundation Condition Evaluation

[ Government will perform foundation condition inspection of the completed

foundation after final cleanup, dental treatment (if required) and
mapping/documentation are complete. Notify the Contracting Officer at
least seven days before foundation cleanup will be completed and ready for
inspection by the Government. Maintain the foundation in a cleaned
condition for a period of at least [_____] [days] [hours] for Government
foundation inspection. The [____] [days][hours] for Government evaluation
starts after the Contracting Officer receives notification from the
Contractor that the foundation is completed and ready for mapping and
inspection. Government will evaluate excavation surfaces to receive
backfill or structures. As used in this Section, evaluation means
inspection, testing, mapping, exploratory test pits, interpretation, and
decision making. Government will perform inspection of excavated
foundation subgrade and cut slopes at each site to obtain a geologic
record.

][Proof roll the earth foundation by a fully loaded dump truck or approved
roller to detect and eliminate soft spots in the foundation.

][During inspection, following cleanup for geologic mapping, if the

Contracting Officer determines that additional excavation is required to
improve foundation conditions, perform additional excavation as directed.
Clean the areas of additional excavation. The Government will map and
inspect the surfaces of additional excavation.

]][3.2.5 Excavation and Foundation Mapping

Foundation mapping will be performed by Government personnel throughout

excavation, foundation cleanup, and foundation acceptance inspection.
Permit and facilitate safe access to the excavation by Government
personnel for geologic mapping, sampling, inspection, and testing of
surfaces exposed during construction.

a. Keep traffic and equipment away from test areas during testing to
ensure personnel safety and to prevent ground vibrations;

b. Keep traffic and equipment away from personnel performing mapping to

ensure personnel safety;

c. Provide support, such as excavating equipment, to permit proper

inspection.

Foundation mapping will require excavated surfaces to be closely inspected

and documented. The Government will require surfaces to be cleaned by the
Contractor to facilitate mapping. Cleaning will require cutting of fresh
surface on the excavation bottom and on excavated slopes, and excavation
of test pits on excavated slopes and excavation bottom. The Contractor
must provide Government personnel access to the excavation bottom for a
period of [_____] [days] [hours] after final cleanup and foundation

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 19
 preparation, and before dental treatment. During excavation and
foundation mapping, remove any temporary ramps covering side slopes such
that the excavation side slopes can be documented and mapped by the
Government. The Contractor must provide equipment to perform test pits as
deemed necessary by the Government geologist and engineers performing the
excavation mapping.

][3.2.6 Equipment for Foundation Excavation and Mapping

The Contractor must have on site and make available to Government

personnel performing mapping and inspection the following equipment with
equipment operators to aid in performing excavations for test pits,
sampling, inspection and cutting fresh surfaces for inspection and mapping:

a. Excavating equipment - Backhoe with smooth edge bucket and bulldozer.

b. Proof roller - Fully loaded dump truck.

c. Hand tools - Shovels, bars, picks, wedges, and brooms.

d. Water jet - A water jet consists of a high flow nozzle with a supply
hose connected to a suitable source of water. Provide a system
capable of delivering up to 24 gpm. The flow rate must be
controllable at the nozzle.

]3.3 PLACEMENT

3.3.1 General

Do not place fill on any part of the embankment foundation until such
areas have been inspected and approved by the Contracting Officer in
writing. The gradation and distribution of materials throughout the
compacted earth fill section of the dam must be such that the embankment
will be free from lenses, pockets, streaks, and layers of material
differing substantially in texture or gradation from surrounding material
of the same classification. Dump successive loads of material at
locations on the fill as directed or approved. Do not place fill upon a
frozen surface, nor incorporate snow, ice, or frozen earth in the
embankment. Fill will not be placed on or against any dry surface, but
against a surface that is moist or damp.

3.3.2 Frozen Material

Do not place embankment on frozen material, or on material which has been

subjected to freeze-thaw action. This prohibition encompasses natural
ground, all prepared subgrades, whether in an excavation or on an
embankment, and all layers of previously placed and compacted earth fill
upon which successive layers of embankment fill will be placed. Remove
all material that freezes or has been subjected to freeze-thaw action
during the construction work, or during periods of temporary shutdowns,
such as, but not limited to, nights, holidays, weekends, or winter
shutdowns or earthwork operations, to a depth that is acceptable to the
Contracting Officer and replace with new material. Alternatively, the
material must be thawed, dried, reworked, and recompacted to the specified
criteria before additional material is placed. The Contracting Officer
will determine when placement of fill must cease due to cold weather.
Embankment material containing frozen clumps of soil, snow, or ice is not
acceptable.

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 20
3.3.3 Rate of Placement

**************************************************************************
NOTE: If construction of the embankment involves a
closure section, the following considerations should
be taken into account and specified by the designer,
if required.

Placement of rock fill in the closure section may be

delayed until completion of the compacted fill to
elevation [_____] meters feet m.s.l. The rate of
placement of materials in the embankment closure
section will be such that this section will be
completed to elevation [_____] meters feet m.s.l.
within a period of [_____] calendar days from the
authorized date of diversion, but in no event will
the rate of placement in this section be faster than
required to construct the embankment to elevation
[_____] meters feet m.s.l. within [_____] days from
the beginning of fill operations. Subsequent to
completion of the embankment closure section to
elevation [_____] meters feet m.s.l. and prior to
the beginning of topping operations a period of
[_____] calendar days will elapse, unless this
provision is waived in writing by the Contracting
Officer at the time of construction.

Rate of placement of clay fill materials should be

governed by the potential for development of high
pore pressures in the fill that could lead to
instability of the embankment slopes. Appropriate
paragraphs should be included to identify elevations
where placement may need to cease until pore
pressures have dissipated sufficiently to prevent
slides or failure of the embankment.
**************************************************************************

Unless otherwise directed, maintain the embankment at approximately the

same level regardless of the number of types of materials being placed,[
except place rock fills and the adjoining filter blankets with sufficient
lag to prevent mixture of embankment and filter blanket and/or rock
materials].

3.3.4 Impervious Fill

Place impervious fill in the impervious section of the embankment as shown

on the plans[, cut-off trench,][ and impervious blanket].

3.3.5 Random Fill

Place random fill in the random sections of the embankment as shown on the
plans.

Except as specified below, limits of random sections shown indicate the

maximum extent of random material. In general, place the finer grained
random material toward the impervious section or blanket and place the
coarser-grained random material toward the outer edge of the random
section so that a transition in permeability is effected from the

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 21
 impervious section to the [pervious section][outer portions of the
embankment].

3.3.6 Pervious Fill

Place pervious fill in the pervious sections of the embankment as shown on

the plans.

3.3.7 Filter Drainage Layers

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Where there are vertical or inclined filters
and horizontal filters, a different tolerance may be
indicated for each.
**************************************************************************

Place [sand filters][, gravel filters,][ and ][sand and gravel filters] in
the embankment in the manner described and to the lines and grades
indicated. Tolerance of plus or minus [_____] mm inches will be allowed.

3.3.8 Rockfill

Construct the [upstream][,][ and ][downstream][ and rock drain] sections

of the embankment of quarry run sizes of durable rock dumped and bulldozed
into place in not greater than [_____] mm foot lifts to the lines and
grades shown, or as staked in the field, and in such manner as to produce
a reasonably well graded mass with no objectionable pockets of small
stones or clusters of larger stones. A tolerance of plus 300 mm 12 inches
and minus 150 mm 6 inches from the slope lines and grades shown will be
allowed in the finished surfaces of the rock fills, except that the
extreme minus tolerance must not be continuous over an area greater than
20 square meters 200 square feet. Break all bridging in rock fills as
well as all slabs and slabby rock. Stone having a length to thickness
ratio greater than 3:1 are considered flat, elongated, or flat and
elongated and will be rejected. Special care must be exercised in placing
rock fill in all areas within 1 m 3 feet of structures to avoid damage to
such structures.

3.3.9 Spreading

After dumping, spread the materials by bulldozers or other approved means

in approximately horizontal layers over the entire fill areas. Unless
otherwise directed, the thickness of these layers before compaction with
tamping type rollers must not be more than [_____] mm inches for
impervious materials, nor more than [_____] mm inches for other embankment
materials, except backfill which must be spread in accordance with
paragraph BACKFILL. Unless otherwise directed, the thickness of layers
before compaction with rubber-tired rollers must not be more than [_____]
mm inches for impervious materials, nor more than [_____] mm inches for
other embankment materials except backfill. Spread pervious fill and
filters in layers not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness. As soon
as practicable after commencement of construction of any section of the
embankment, raise or crown the [central portion thereof][area adjacent to
the inclined or vertical filter drain] with grades not to exceed [_____]
percent so that the surface of the fill will drain freely and maintain
throughout construction. Filter material placement should lead the
placement of adjacent material to avoid contamination of the filter
material. If the compacted surface of any layer of material, exclusive of
filter material[ and rock fill], is determined to be too smooth to bond

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 22
 properly with the succeeding layers, loosen it by harrowing, or by any
other approved method, before the succeeding layer is placed. At all
times during the dumping and spreading processes, maintain a force of men
adequate to remove all roots and debris from all embankment materials and
all stones of greater than [_____] mm inches in maximum dimension from
impervious materials and greater than [_____] mm inches in maximum
dimension from pervious materials, except filters. Remove stone, roots,
and debris from the embankment and dispose of in an approved manner.
Maintain the entire surface of any section of the embankment under
construction in such condition that construction equipment can travel on
any part of any one section. Remove ruts in the surface of any layer by
scarifying before placing and compacting additional material.

3.4 MOISTURE CONTROL

Provide materials in each layer of the fill containing the amount of

moisture, within the limits, specified below or as directed, necessary to
obtain the specified compaction. Rework material that is not within the
specified limits after compaction regardless of density.

3.4.1 Impervious Sections

**************************************************************************
NOTE: It is preferable to moisture condition the
impervious fill material either at the excavation
site, borrow site, or another area that is not on
the embankment itself.
**************************************************************************

The moisture content after compaction must be uniform throughout any one
layer of impervious materials placed. The moisture content after
compaction as determined by ASTM D2216 must be within the limits of
[_____] percentage points above optimum and [_____] percentage points
below optimum moisture content.

Process material such that the moisture content is within [_____] percent
of the specified range prior to placing the material on the embankment.
This may require material processing either at the borrow/excavation site
or other location near the embankment. Harrowing, or other approved
methods may be required ensure a uniform distribution of moisture.

Accurately control the amount of water applied on a layer of fill such

that free water does not appear on the surface during spreading and
rolling. Should too much water be added to any part of the embankment, so
that the material is too wet to obtain the specified compaction, the
rolling on that section of the embankment will be delayed until the
moisture content of the material is reduced to an amount within the
specified limits. Material that is too wet may be worked by discing or
harrowing, if necessary, until the moisture content is reduced to an
amount within the specified limits. Wet material may also be blended with
drier material to produce a product that meets the moisture requirements
of this specification.

If, in the opinion of the Contracting Officer, the top or contact surfaces
of the partial fill section become too dry to permit suitable bond with
the succeeding lift, the Contractor will be required to moisture condition
the materials on the fill. The Contractor will loosen the dried materials
by scarifying or discing to such depths as may be directed by the COR,
dampen the loosened material to an acceptable moisture content, and

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 23
 compact this layer in accordance with the applicable requirements of
paragraph COMPACTION, subparagraph IMPERVIOUS FILL.

3.4.2 Random Sections

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The designer should determine if specified
control of the moisture content of the random
portions of the embankment is important. In many
cases, the density is the only consideration and the
random sections may be specified to achieve a
certain density regardless of moisture content.
**************************************************************************

The upper and lower limits of moisture content, and the moisture control
procedures for random materials must be [the same as that specified for
impervious material, or pervious material, dependent upon which of these
types it most nearly resembles][such that the specified density can be
achieved].

3.4.3 Pervious Section

Wet pervious material by sprinkling after spreading on the embankment and

[maintain the moisture content of each layer at the optimum for
compaction] [keep each layer in an approximately saturated condition]
during rolling. Prewetting of pervious material at the sources of
excavation or borrow will not be required. Sprinkle with hoses connected
to header pipes along the faces of the embankment, by water trucks with
pressure spray bars, or by any other approved method. All connections in
the water supply system, including the hose connections to the header
pipes, must be watertight. Do not direct jets at the embankment with such
force that the finer materials will be washed out. Provide capacities of
pumps and sizes of header pipes sufficient to supply the required amount
of water at all times.

3.4.4 Filter Drainage Layers

Moisture control of graded gravel filter and bedding layers will not be
required and sluicing will not be permitted. Moisture control of filters
containing a predominate amount of sand particles will be as required to
achieve the density specified in paragraph COMPACTION.

3.4.5 Rock Fill

[No moisture control will be necessary on rock fills. ][The moisture

content of the rock fill must be reasonably uniform throughout each layer
of material placed prior to and during compaction. Add water in an amount
equal to [15][_____] percent of the volume of the fill to the material on
the embankment prior to compaction by uniform spraying from a water
truck. The required water amount may be modified based on results of a
test fill, as approved by the Contracting Officer.]

3.5 COMPACTION

3.5.1 Equipment

**************************************************************************
NOTES: In determining the use of a method
specification versus an end-result (production)

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 24
specification, the following should be considered:

a. The use of a method specification involving

restrictions on material type, lift thickness,
moisture content, and a specified number of passes
with approved compaction equipment, a test fill
should be required at the start of embankment work,
to include foundation preparation. This will allow
for the evaluation of the results achieved for
particular efforts prior to the beginning of
production work.

b. If the designer chooses an end-result

(production) specification which would specify
material type, lift thickness, moisture content, and
in-place density, the requirements of COMPACTION
EQUIPMENT and ADDITIONAL ROLLING FOR COMPACTION may
be either removed or tailored to fit the project
requirements.

With reference to the use of compaction equipment in

this paragraph, the following precautions should be
noted:

a.The following paragraphs are provided as examples

of the information that should be provided within
the specifications to describe the selection of
equipment to perform construction. Specifications
should be written to ensure that the type of
compaction equipment will be used which, in the
judgment of the designer and Contracting Officer, is
best suited to obtain the desired compaction of the
material being utilized. Consideration must be given
to soil type, lift thickness and placement
location. A requirement should be included in the
specifications for the performance evaluation of
each type of compaction equipment conforming with
the specifications and intended for use by the
Contractor at an early stage of embankment
construction. This equipment evaluation should be
accomplished through analysis of test fill areas
that are carefully constructed under representative
working conditions with materials and moisture
contents as specified. Test fill areas may either
be separate or part of the permanent work, and for
clarity to prospective bidders, payment under a
separate item is recommended to equitably cover
costs of required variations in equipment coverages,
possible changes in equipment loading or foot sizes,
as well as intensified field soils testing.

b. For tamping rollers that are either towed or

self-propelled, with drums capable of being
ballasted with fluid, the provision for a pressure
relief valve and safety head should be included.
Over-pressurization of fluid ballasted compaction
drums to the level of a safety hazard has been rare,
but has occurred on several occasions at locations
of high elevation and temperature.

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 25
 c. In compacting materials consisting of shales,
sandstones, weathered rock and similar random
materials, consideration should be given to
specifying sheepfoot-type tamping equipment that has
been modified by replacing the standard feet with
"chisel" point tamper feet generally referred to as
"shale breakers". The end areas of these modified
tamper feet tend to break up weathered rock to
prevent the bridling effect sometimes created by
large rock particles.

d. For compaction of sand and gravel fills or

filter and drainage layers, equipment
characteristics for both a large and small vibratory
roller have been provided for optional selection by
the designer, depending upon location, selected lift
thickness, gradation, grain shape, and durability
properties of the materials. The smaller roller
should be specified for materials which exhibit
degradation under compaction. Other options, based
on construction experience may also be exercised.
For example, it has been found that improved
trafficability can often be achieved when compacting
clean, fine grained, uniform sands by specifying a
drum driven self-propelled vibratory roller.
**************************************************************************

Provide compaction equipment conforming to the following requirements and

use as prescribed in subsequent paragraphs.

3.5.1.1 Tamping Rollers

3.5.1.1.1 Towed

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Towed rollers are generally obsolete and
seldom used in modern construction. The
specification writer should delete this section
unless there is an expectation that towed roller
will be used.
**************************************************************************

Provide tamping rollers consisting of two or more non-vibratory roller

drums mounted side-by-side in a suitable frame and towed by either a
crawler-type or rubber tired tractor having sufficient power to pull the
roller satisfactorily when the drums are fully ballasted. Each drum must
be free to pivot about an axis parallel to the direction of travel.
Control rollers operating in tandem sets in a manner such that the prints
produced by the tamping feet of the tandem units are staggered. Each drum
of a roller must have an outside diameter of not less than [_____] m
[_____] feet and must be not less than [_____] m [_____] feet in length.
The space between two adjacent drums, when on a level surface, must not be
less than [_____] m [_____] feet nor more than [_____] m [_____] feet.
[Equip each drum ballasted with fluid with at least one pressure-relief
valve and with at least one safety head. The safety head must be equal to
union-type safety heads equipped with rupture discs suitable for rupturing
pressures between 350 and 500 kPa50 and 75 psi. The pressure relief valve
is a manually operated valve and must be opened periodically. Instruct

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 26
 personnel responsible for opening pressure-relief valves periodically to
ascertain that valve openings are free from plugging to assure that any
pressure developed in roller drums is released at each inspection.]
Provide at least one tamping foot for each [_____] square mm[_____] square
feet of drum surface. The length of each tamping foot from the outside
surface of the drum must be not more than [_____] mm [_____] inches and
must be maintained at not less than [_____] mm [_____] inches. The
bearing surface of each tamping foot must be flat with a surface area not
less than [_____] mm [_____] inches nor more than [_____] mm [_____] inches.
During the operation of rolling, the spaces between the tamping feet must
be maintained clear of materials which would impair the effectiveness of
the tamping rollers. The weight of a roller when fully loaded must be not
less than [_____] N/m[_____] pounds per foot of drum length, and the
weight of a roller empty must be not more than [_____] N/m[_____] pounds
per foot of drum length. The bearing surface, tamping foot size, the drum
loading, and the operation of the rollers must be as required to obtain
the desired compaction. If more than one roller is used on any one layer
of fill, all rollers so used must be of the same type and essentially of
the same dimensions. Draw rollers by crawler-type or rubber-tired
tractors at a speed not to exceed [_____] km/h[_____] mph. Discontinue
the use of rubber-tired towing equipment if the tires leave ruts that
prevent uniform compaction by the tamping roller, and the substitution of
crawler-type towing equipment may be directed.

3.5.1.1.2 Self-propelled

The use of self-propelled non-vibratory tamping rollers conforming with

the following specification will be permitted, and their design and
operation will be subject to approval, and subject to the right, at any
time during the prosecution of the work, to direct such modifications to
the tamping feet or variations in roller drum weight where applicable, as
may be found necessary to secure optimum compaction of the earth fill
materials. If use of self-propelled tamping rollers causes shearing of
the fill, laminations in the fill, or results in inadequate compaction,
the Contracting Officer may direct that such rollers be removed from the
fill and that appropriate towed tamping rollers be used. Two-or
three-drum side-by-side units that are either in drive position or drawn
by separate power equipment must have a clearance between adjacent drums
not less than [_____] mm[_____] inches nor more than [_____] mm[_____]
inches. Two-drum or four-drum equipment separated by cab and differential
and arranged in tandem must have its static weight equally distributed to
all compaction drums and must have the tandem drums positioned such that
the prints of the tamping feet produced by the tandem drums are
staggered. The surface on which the tamping feet are mounted must have a
minimum outside diameter of [_____] mm[_____] feet and at least one
tamping foot for each [_____] square mm[_____] square feet of drum
surface. The distance between the centers of any two adjacent tamping
feet must be not less than [_____] mm[_____] inches. The length of each
tamping foot from the outside mounting surface of the drum must be not
more than [_____] mm[_____] inches and must be maintained at not less than
[_____] mm [_____] inches. The bearing surface of each tamping foot must
be flat and have a surface area not less than [_____] square mm[_____]
square inches nor more than [_____] square mm[_____] square inches.
Cupped recesses within the bearing surface of each tamping foot will be
permitted but must not exceed [_____] mm[_____] inches in depth. During
rolling operations, keep the spaces between the tamping feet clear of
materials which would impair the effectiveness of the tamping roller. The
weight of all roller drums during compaction of fill materials must be
maintained uniform and with the weight per foot of drum length not less

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 27
 than [_____] N[_____] pounds. [For self-propelled rollers with drums
capable of being ballasted with fluid, equip each drum with at least one
pressure-relief valve and with at least one safety head. The safety head
must be equal to union type safety heads equipped with rupture discs
suitable for rupturing pressures between 350 and 500 kPa50 and 75 psi.
The pressure relief valve is a manually operated valve and must be opened
periodically. Instruct personnel responsible for opening pressure-relief
valves periodically to ascertain that valve openings are free from
plugging to assure that any pressure developed in roller drums is released
at each inspection.] For self-propelled rollers in which steering is
accomplished through the use of rubber-tired wheels, the tire pressure
must not exceed [_____] kPa[_____] psi. Discontinue use of the compactor
if the tires leave ruts that prevent uniform compaction by the tamping
roller and the substitution of appropriate towed tamping rollers may be
directed. When a self-propelled roller is provided with a dozer blade, do
not count coverages made with the blade in operation as compaction
coverages. Operate self-propelled rollers at a speed not to exceed
[_____] km/h[_____] mph.

3.5.1.2 Vibratory Rollers

Equip vibratory rollers for compacting rock fills, pervious sand and
gravel fills, or filter and transition drainage layers with a smooth steel
compaction drum and operate at a frequency of vibration during compaction
operations between 1100 and 1500 vibrations per minute (vpm). Provide
vibratory rollers that are either towed or self-propelled and that have an
unsprung drum weight that is a minimum of 60 percent of the rollers'
static weight. Provide towed rollers that have at least 90 percent of
their weight transmitted to the ground through the compaction drum when
the roller is standing in a level position hitched to the towing vehicle.
Rollers for compacting rock fill, [sand and gravel fills, or filter and
drainage layers] must have a minimum static weight of [_____] kN [_____]
pounds, a minimum dynamic force of [_____] kN [_____] pounds when
operating at 1400 vpm, and an applied force not less than [_____] kN/m
[_____] pounds per foot of compaction drum length. [Rollers for
compacting sand and gravel fills or filter and drainage layers must have a
minimum static weight of [_____] kN [_____] pounds, a minimum dynamic
force of [_____] kN [_____] pounds when operating at 1400 vpm, and an
applied force not less than [_____] kN [_____] pounds nor greater than
[_____] kN/m [_____] pounds per foot of compaction drum length.] The
level of amplitude and vibration frequency during compaction will be
maintained uniform throughout the embankment zone within which it is
operating. Operate rollers at speeds not to exceed [_____] km/h [_____]
mph.

3.5.1.3 Rubber-tired Rollers

Provide rubber-tired rollers that have a minimum of four wheels equipped

with pneumatic tires. The tires must be of such size and ply to maintain
tire pressures between [_____] and [_____] kPa [_____] and [_____] psi for
a [_____] kN [_____] pound wheel load during rolling operations. Locate
the roller wheels abreast and design so that each wheel will carry
approximately equal load in traversing uneven ground. The spacing of the
wheels will be such that the distance between the nearest edges of
adjacent tires will be greater than 50 percent of the tire width of a
single tire at the operating pressure for a [_____] kN [_____] pound wheel
load. Provide the roller with a body suitable for ballast loading such
that the load per wheel may be varied, from [_____] to [_____] kN [_____]
to [_____] pounds. Tow roller at speeds not to exceed [_____] km/h

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 28
 [_____] mph. The character and efficiency of this equipment will be
subject to approval.

3.5.1.4 Power Tampers

Perform compaction of material, in areas where it is impracticable to use

a roller or tractor, as provided in paragraph EARTHWORK, by the use of
approved power tampers.

3.5.2 Impervious Fill

After a layer of impervious fill material has been dumped and spread,
harrow it if required, to break up and blend the fill materials, to remove
laminations, ruts or smooth surfaces to enhance bonding between layers.
Perform harrowing to the full depth of the layer.

When the moisture content and the condition of the layer is satisfactory,
compact the lift [to at least [_____] percent of maximum dry density as
determined by ASTM D698, prior to placement of the next layer.
Determination of in-place density must be in accordance with
ASTM D1556/D1556M and ASTM D6938.][by [not less than ][[_____] complete
coverages of the tampering roller][[_____] complete coverages of the
rubber-tired roller].][ Provide complete coverage consisting of the
coverage of the entire lift to be compacted with the roller specified.][
A complete coverage must consist of the application of compactive effort
to the entire lift to be compacted with a single roller drum having the
characteristics as specified in paragraph SELF-PROPELLED. The use of
four-drum self-propelled equipment that is laterally separated by
operator's cab and differential may be used; however, two complete
coverages of the lift to be compacted will be achieved by a subsequent
offset trip of the roller for coverage of the previously uncompacted
central portion of the roller path.] Place portions of the fill which are
not accessible to the roller [_____] mm inch layers loose measurement and
compacted with power tampers to a degree equal to that obtained on the
other portions of the compacted fill by rolling as specified in accordance
with paragraph BACKFILL. Dumping, spreading, sprinkling, and compacting
may be performed at the same time at different points along a section when
there is sufficient area to permit these operations to proceed
simultaneously.

3.5.3 Pervious Fill

After each layer of pervious material has been dumped and spread, and the
moisture content is in accordance with the provisions of paragraph
PERVIOUS SECTION, compact the entire surface of the layer [to an average
of [_____] percent minimum relative density][by not less than [_____]
complete coverages of [the rubber-tired roller][the vibratory roller]].

[3.5.4 Additional Rolling for Compaction

If, in the opinion of the Contracting Officer, the desired compaction of

any portion of the embankment is not achieved by the minimum number of
coverages specified, make additional complete coverages over the surface
area of such designated portion until the desired compaction has been
obtained.

]3.5.5 Filter and Transition Drainage Layers

**************************************************************************

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 29
 NOTE: The following paragraph for Transition Layers
does not include bedding for riprap slope
protection, which should be provided under Section
35 31 19 STONE, CHANNEL, SHORELINE/COASTAL
PROTECTION.
**************************************************************************

Accomplish compaction of filter soil using the compaction equipment

described in subparagraph VIBRATORY ROLLERS of paragraph COMPACTION
above. The roller must make a minimum of two (2) passes, acting in
vibratory mode, across the initial lift of filter material. Upon
completion of these first 2 passes, check the density of the filter
material. Make additional passes of the vibratory roller until a relative
density between [_____] and [_____] percent is attained based on the
maximum dry density obtained in accordance with ASTM D4253 and minimum dry
density as determined by ASTM D4254. The number of passes required to
achieve a relative density of [_____] percent must be the minimum required
number of passes on subsequent lifts of filter material. Compaction
equipment must be clean and free from other fill types or debris and must
not result in contamination of the filter material. Slightly sope
adjacent lifts of other fill types to drain away from the filter
material. Remove and replace any contaminated filter material at no
additional cost. Placement methods must not result in segregation of the
filter material (such as but not limited to placement via conveyor of
chute).

3.5.6 Rock Fill

After the rock fill has been dumped and spread to the thickness specified,
compact the entire surface of the layer by not less than [_____] complete
coverages of the vibratory roller specified in paragraph VIBRATORY
ROLLERS. Provide a complete coverage consisting of the entire coverage of
the area with one trip of the equipment specified. Each trip of the
roller must overlap the adjacent trip not less than [_____] mm feet.

3.6 BACKFILL

3.6.1 General

Do not place embankment fill, filter soil or backfill against a concrete

structure until the top of the structure has been completely placed, and
has reached 80 percent of its design strength. Bring fill up in lifts
evenly on both sides of structure and headwall structures with no more
than [_____] m[_____] feet difference in elevation on opposing sides of
the structure.

Subsequent to the concrete structure attaining 80 percent of design

strength, backfill operations may be initiated but no rolling or hauling
equipment will be permitted to pass over the structure, or within [_____]
mm [_____] feet of any part of the structure. During this period,
backfill may be placed against the sides of the structure and to a minimum
thickness of [_____] mm [_____] feet over the top of the structure, if
compaction is accomplished by power tampers as specified in paragraph
POWER TAMPERS. Before passage of hauling and rolling equipment over the
top of the conduit or other structure will be permitted, the depth of fill
over the concrete must be sufficient to permit such passage without
inducing harmful stresses or vibrations in the structure.

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 30
3.6.2 Placement

Place backfill in [_____] mm inch layers and thoroughly compact. Unless

otherwise directed, the placing and compacting of all backfill material
and the control of its moisture content must conform to the applicable
provisions of paragraphs PLACEMENT, MOISTURE CONTROL, and COMPACTION.
Keep fill in back of wing walls at approximately the same elevations as
that of the backfill, gravel blankets, riprap, or derrick stone on the
opposite side of the wall until placement has reached the maximum
elevation of the materials to be placed on the toe of the wall. Keep
drainage openings through walls open at all times.

3.7 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

**************************************************************************
NOTE: FAR Part 46.312 establishes a requirement for
Contractor Quality Control (CQC) in construction
contracts and ER 1180-1-6 requires that a CQC
section based on Section 01 45 00 QUALITY CONTROL be
included in contracts of $1,000,000 or more. Use of
Section 01 45 00 for contracts of less than
$1,000,000 is discretionary. This part of the
specifications must be consistent with the CQC
section.

Use caution when applying nuclear gages for in-place

density measurement of cohesive and cohesionless
soils. Soils consisting of mica, halloysite, some
other chemical composition, or oversize rocks and
large voids would affect the measurement accuracy of
wet density. Sand Cone or similar field density
tests should be performed periodically at the same
location as Nuclear Tests to assure nuclear testing
is providing accurate information.

Specifier may desire the use of a tabular format for

frequency of testing of materials.
**************************************************************************

Establish and maintain field quality control for embankment and backfill
operations to assure compliance with contract requirements and maintain
detailed records of field quality control for all operations including but
not limited to the following:

3.7.1 Materials Testing

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Types of tests and frequency of testing
should be detailed below. Types of tests and
frequency of testing will be dependent upon the
types of materials utilized, configuration of
foundation and embankment, placement and compaction
procedures required, moisture control requirements
etc. Testing requirements are material type
specific rather than embankment fill type specific.
It is desirable to present the testing frequency and
type in tabular form.
**************************************************************************

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 31
 Perform sufficient testing to ensure that the fill is being constructed as
specified. The testing program specified below will be considered the
minimum acceptable frequency of testing. This does not relieve the
Contractor from the responsibility of performing additional testing, if
required to ensure compliance with these specifications.

[3.7.1.1 Soil Classification Tests

Soil classification tests will be performed in accordance with ASTM D2487.

One initial classification test will be required for each different
classification of material to be utilized as embankment fill or backfill.
As prescribed in ASTM D2487, grain size analyses in accordance with
ASTM D422 and Atterberg limits in accordance with ASTM D4318 will be
performed on each different classification. Submit additional tests for
every [_____] cubic mcubic yards of embankment or backfill material. Soil
classification tests will be performed on foundation material as required
to determine the acceptability of the in-situ soils. Additional tests
will be required if noticeable changes in the material occur.

]3.7.1.2 Cohesive Material Testing

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Edit the following to comply with the method
selected to determine the optimum properties (i.e.,
density and moisture content, LL, PL, PI).
**************************************************************************

3.7.1.3 Moisture Density Relationships

The moisture-density relations for each different classification of

cohesive material utilized will be determined in accordance with [_____] [
ASTM D698], [Method A] [Method B] [Method C].[ Prior to placing any fill
material containing cohesive material, a minimum of [_____] five-point
[_____] compaction test will be performed on representative samples of the
material to be used as fill.] During fill placement a minimum of one
additional moisture-density test will be performed for every [_____] cubic
mcubic yard placed. Additional tests will be required each time a new
material is encountered.[ The moisture-density curves will be compiled to
form a family of curves which will be utilized to estimate optimum
properties (maximum dry density and optimum moisture content) to be used
with field density test.]

3.7.1.4 Water (Moisture) Content Tests

Determination of water content will be performed in accordance with

ASTM D2216.[ ASTM D4643 may be used when rapid moisture content results
are needed. All rapid results obtained by ASTM D4643 will be confirmed by
a test on a duplicate sample performed in accordance with ASTM D2216. In
the event of disagreement between the results, ASTM D2216 will govern.]
One water content test will be performed for each [_____] cubic mcubic
yards of material placed [or each lift of material whichever is less].[
These tests will be in addition to the water content tests performed in
conjunction with in-place density tests.] Backfill and fills not meeting
the required specifications for water content will be retested after
corrective measures have been applied.

3.7.1.5 In-place Density Testing for Cohesive Materials

**************************************************************************

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 32
 NOTE: The designer should pick the method or
methods of In-place density which are acceptable.
If uncompacted fill is specified density control may
not be required.

Use caution when applying nuclear gages for in-place

density measurement of cohesive and cohesionless
soils. Soils consisting of certain chemical
composition, or oversize rocks and large voids would
affect the measurement accuracy of wet density.
**************************************************************************

The in-place density of the cohesive materials will be determined in

accordance with [ASTM D1556/D1556M] [, ASTM D2167] [, ASTM D6938] [,
ASTM D2937] [, or ] [ASTM D5195]. At least one (1) in-place density test
will be performed on [each lift of material or] every [_____] cubic mcubic
yards of completed fill whichever is more frequent with the horizontal
locations randomly staggered in the fill.[ At each field density test
location, soil samples will be obtained and one [one-point] [two-point]
compaction test, one moisture content, [one grain size analysis,] [ and
one Atterberg limits test,] [if applicable,] will be performed on the
sample.][ The results of the [one-point] [two-point] compaction test and
the moisture content test will be utilized to obtain the optimum
properties to compare to the results of the in-place density test.][ For
use with the family of curves to determine the optimum properties of the
material a [one-point] [two-point] compaction tests will be performed in
conjunction with each in-place density. A portion of the soil from the
in-place field density test and soil obtained immediately adjacent to the
field density test location will be used for a [one-point] [two-point]
compaction test. The minus 19 mm 3/4-inch portion of the soil will be
subjected to [_____] compactive effort using a [150 mm][6-inch][_____]
compaction mold in accordance with the procedures presented in ASTM
D[_____] [ASTM D698] [ASTM D1557]]. Fill not meeting the required
specifications for in-place density will be retested after additional
compaction has been completed.[ When nuclear method is used for in-place
density testing according to ASTM D6938, the first test and every tenth
test thereafter for each material type will include a sand cone
correlation test in accordance with ASTM D1556/D1556M. The sand cone test
will be performed adjacent to the location of the nuclear test, will
include a nominal 150 mm6 inch diameter sand cone, and will include a
minimum wet soil weight of 2.7 kg 6 pounds extracted from the hole.
Nuclear density testing equipment will not be used during rain. The
density correlations will be submitted with test results. Each
transmittal including density test data will include a summary of all
density correlations for the job neatly prepared on a summary sheet
including at a minimum:

a. Test Identification Number.

b. Test location.
Station.
Coordinates.
c. Elevation of Lift.
d. Lift number (if appropriate).
e. Photo number (if appropriate).
f. Meter serial number and operators initials.
g. Standard count for each test.
h. Material type.
i. Probe depth.
j. Moisture content by each test method and the deviation.

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 33
 k. Wet density by each test method and the deviation.
l. Pass/Fail.
m. Retest.
n. Comments.]

[3.7.1.6 Cohesionless Material Testing

3.7.1.6.1 Compaction Tests

Run not less than one relative density test for every [3,000] [_____]
cubic m[3,900] [_____] cubic yards of cohesionless fill in accordance with
ASTM D4253 and ASTM D4254.

[3.7.1.6.2 In-place Density Tests

The in-place density of the cohesionless materials will be determined in

accordance with [ASTM D1556/D1556M] [, ASTM D2167] [, ASTM D6938] [,
ASTM D2937] [, or] [ASTM D5195]. Run not less than one (1) field in-place
density test on [each lift of material or] every [shift][day] [_____]
cubic m cubic yards of completed embankment fill or backfill whichever is
less. Horizontal locations will be randomly staggered in the fill. When
nuclear method is used for in-place density testing according to ASTM D6938,
the first test and every tenth test thereafter for each material type will
include a sand cone correlation test in accordance with ASTM D1556/D1556M.
The sand cone test will be performed adjacent to the location of the
nuclear test, and will include a nominal 150 mm6 inch diameter sand cone,
and will include a minimum wet soil weight of 2.7 kg6 pounds extracted
from the hole. The density correlations will be submitted with test
results. Each transmittal including density test data will include a
summary of all density correlations for the job neatly prepared on a
summary sheet including at a minimum:

a. Test Identification Number.

b. Test location.
Station.
Coordinates.
c. Elevation of Lift.
d. Lift number (if appropriate).
e. Photo number (if appropriate).
f. Meter serial number and operators initials.
g. Standard count for each test.
h. Material type.
i. Probe depth.
j. Moisture content by each test method and the deviation.
k. Wet density by each test method and the deviation.

][3.7.1.6.3 Water (Moisture) Content Tests

Determination of water content will be performed in accordance with

ASTM D2216.[ ASTM D4643 may be used when rapid moisture content results
are needed. All rapid results obtained by ASTM D4643 will be confirmed by
a test on a duplicate sample performed in accordance with ASTM D2216. In
the event of disagreement between the results, ASTM D2216 will govern.]
One water content test will be performed for each [_____] cubic mcubic
yards of material placed[ or each lift of material whichever is less].[
These tests will be in addition to the water content tests performed in
conjunction with in-place density tests.] Backfill and fills not meeting
the required specifications for water content will be retested after
corrective measures have been applied.

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 34
][3.7.1.6.4 Additional Testing

The Contracting Officer may request additional tests if there is reason to

doubt the adequacy of the compaction, or special compaction procedures are
being used, or materials change, or if the Contracting Officer determines
that the Contractor's testing is inadequate, or the Contractor is
concentrating backfill and fill operations in a relatively small area.

]]3.7.1.7 Materials

Suitability of embankment and backfill materials.

3.7.1.8 Fill Placement

Layout, maintaining existing drainage, moisture control, thickness of

layers, removal of oversized material, spreading and compaction for
embankment and backfill.

3.7.1.9 Grade and Cross Section

Surveys to verify that the dimensions, slopes, lines and grades conform to
those shown on the drawings.[ Surveys to monitor settlement gages to
measure foundation settlement.] [ Surveys to locate core boring locations
and elevations to determine foundation settlement.]

3.7.1.10 Testing by the Government

During the life of this contract, the Government [or its Contractors] will
perform quality assurance tests. Make available to the Government [or its
Contractors] the equipment to perform these test.

3.7.1.11 Reporting

On a daily basis, furnish the inspection records and all material testing
results, [the quantity of fill placed,] as well as the records of
corrective action taken, in accordance with Section 01 45 00 QUALITY
CONTROL.

3.8 SLIDES

In the event of slides, in any part of the embankment prior to final

acceptance of the work, remove material from the slide area, as directed,
and rebuild such portion of the embankment. In case it is determined that
the slide was caused through the fault of the Contractor, perform the
removal and disposal of material and the rebuilding of the embankment
without cost to the Government; otherwise this work will be paid for at
the applicable contract unit prices for borrow excavation and compacted
fill or backfill.

3.9 PIEZOMETERS, SETTLEMENT GAGES AND SURFACE REFERENCE MARKS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The installation of instrumentation is not
strictly speaking an activity of construction of an
embankment dam. This activity should be placed
within its own specification division as an item of
SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION. There is presently no UFGS
guide specification for this item. The

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 35
 specification writer should consider the use of a
section for SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION, and if so, delete
the following paragraphs.

Include paragraphs for all types of instruments to

be utilized.
**************************************************************************

[3.9.1 Government Installed Piezometers

A number of piezometers will be installed on the embankment foundations by

the Government with its own forces. Connections and extensions of riser
pipes must be made by the Contractor with materials furnished by the
Contractor. Determine the elevation of the top of the riser pipe
immediately before and immediately after each extension is added to the
pipe. Keep the top of such pipes at least 600 mm 2 feet above the
embankment surface. During construction, place a mound of fill around the
riser pipes and compact to the same density and moisture content as the
surrounding fill material. Conduct the required operations in such a
manner that the devices will not be damaged. Place suitable markers and
guard posts around the gages for protection. No separate payment will be
made for such protection or for special measures required in connection
with the installation of these devices; include all costs in the contract
prices bid for related items of work.

][3.9.2 Location and Installation of Settlement Gages

Furnish and install settlement gages for determining foundation and

embankment settlement during construction. Provide type, arrangement and
location of gages as shown. The areas in which adjustment in quantities
will be made as a result of foundation settlement are as indicated on the
plans. Place the base plate on a level surface of well compacted
foundation material. Determine the elevations of the base plates before
placing fill material and again within 48 hours after completion of the
embankment. Determine the elevation of the stem immediately before and
immediately after each extension is added. These elevations will be
verified by the Contracting Officer. Carefully install the stem plumb.
Extend the stem in increments as the embankment rises with the top of the
stem at a minimum of 600 mm 2 feet above the surface of the embankment.
Conduct these operations in such a manner that the gages will not be
damaged. Place suitable guard posts around the gages for protection.
Compact fill around the stem to the same density and moisture content as
the surrounding material. Restore or replace any settlement gage damaged
or destroyed due to fault or negligence at no additional cost to the
Government. No additional payment will be made for compaction of fill
around and over the settlement gages or for interference with the
Contractor's operations resulting from the settlement gage installations.

][3.9.3 Surface Reference Marks

Furnish and install surface reference marks as shown. Furnish the

horizontal and vertical location of each reference mark with respect to
established bench marks at the time of installation, and every [_____]
calendar days thereafter until completion of the contract. Conduct these
operations in such a manner that the reference marks will not be disturbed
or damaged. Replace or repair any reference mark disturbed or damaged due
to negligence on the Contractor's part and furnish the correct horizontal
and vertical locations the Contractor's expense.

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 36
] -- End of Section --

SECTION 35 73 13 Page 37