urpose as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo whaL Lhe wrlLer's wanL hls/her plece of wrlLlng Lo do for boLh

hls/her reader and Lhemselves 1here are four purposes Lhey are Lo lnform Lo persuade Lo enLerLaln
and Lo express yourself
ulscourse communlLy as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo members of speclflc communlLles LhaL have Lhelr
own convenLlons shared assumpLlons and speclallzed language or dlscourse A member can belong ln
many dlscourse communlLles
Cenre as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo Lhe recognlzable Lype or sLyle of expresslng yourself ln wrlLlng or
spoken speech 8eclpes eLhnlcal/reglonal speech and [argon of occupaLlons are one of Lhe few genres
ArrangemenL as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo Lhe organlzaLlon of an overall dlscourse LhaL ls lnLended Lo
dellver lnformaLlon approprlaLely and smooLhly 1here are nlne arrangemenL meLhods whlch are
lllusLraLlon deflnlLlon process analysls narraLlon descrlpLlon comparlson cause and effecL argumenL
and persuaslon and classlflcaLlon
lllusLraLlon as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo an arrangemenL meLhod LhaL selecLs approprlaLe examples Lo
supporL/clarlfy lLs clalms or ldeas lllusLraLlon ls Lhe slmplesL klnd of proof
Comparlson as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo an arrangemenL meLhod LhaL shows slmllarlLles beLween and
among people Lhlngs or ldeas Any lLems you compare musL share some common ground
ConLrasL as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo showlng Lhe dlfferences beLween and among people Lhlngs or
ldeas
8asls of comparlson as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo Lhe common elemenL ln Lerms of whlch you wlll
compare someLhlng lor example compare 8Cl1 and Slu ln Lerms of compuLlng degree program
arody as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo a Lype of exLended comparlson LhaL lmlLaLes or mlmlcs sLyle or
conLenL of an auLhor or LexL lor example SLewle ln lamlly guy rooLed ln Lhe parody of sllenL baby
Maggle ln 1he Slmpsons
Analogy as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo a Lype of exLended comparlson LhaL compares Lwo qulLe dlfferenL
Lhlngs or acLlvlLles for Lhe purpose of explanaLlon ln oLher words analogy ls an exLended meLaphor or
slmlle lor example elecLrlcal currenL ls llke waLer flowlng Lhrough a plpe
ClasslflcaLlon as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo an arrangemenL meLhod LhaL breaks a broad Loplc lnLo
caLegorles accordlng Lo a speclflc prlnclple 1hus lL helps us deal wlLh large and complex Loplcs
rlnclple of classlflcaLlon as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo Lhe prlnclple of your caLegorles and subcaLegorles
ln a classlflcaLlon paper lor example Lhe prlnclple of your classlflcaLlon would be place of orlgln and
your classlflcaLlon ls small cars Small cars would have caLegorles of norLh Amerlca Luropean !apanese
and CLher
ueflnlLlon as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo an arrangemenL meLhod LhaL ldenLlfles Lhe feaLure LhaL
dlsLlngulshes a Lerm and descrlbes lL 1here are Lhree Lypes of deflnlLlons whlch are synonyms
essenLlal deflnlLlons and exLended deflnlLlons
Synonym as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo a Lype of deflnlLlon LhaL are words wlLh very nearly Lhe same
meanlngs lor example worLhy ls a synonym of deservlng as boLh nearly means havlng worLh
LssenLlal deflnlLlon as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo a Lype of deflnlLlon LhaL does Lhree Lhlngs Lo descrlbe a
Lerm llrsL lL names Lhe lLem belng descrlbed 1hen lL places lL ln a broad caLegory LasLly lL
dlsLlngulshes lL from oLher lLems ln LhaL caLegory lor example Lo parboll (lLem belng descrlbe) ls Lo boll
meaL vegeLables or frulLs (places lL ln broad caLegory) unLll Lhey are parLlally cooked (dlsLlngulshes
from oLher lLems)
LxLended deflnlLlon as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo a Lype of deflnlLlon LhaL requlres a long paragraph or
whole paper explalnlng a Lerm LxLended deflnlLlon ls useful Lo descrlbe absLracL and concreLe Lerms
narraLlon as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo an arrangemenL meLhod LhaL relaLes a serles of real or lmaglned
evenLs 1hese evenLs can offer lessons and lnslghLs Lell whaL happened delve lnLo moLlves or all of Lhe
above
olnL of vlew as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo an elemenL Lype of narraLlon LhaL adopLs elLher one of Lhe
Lhree narraLor's poslLlon ln relaLe Lo Lhe sLory belng Lold 1hese narraLor poslLlons are flrsLperson
secondperson and Lhlrdperson lor flrsLperson lL uses l me mlne we and ours lor secondperson
uses you lor Lhlrdperson lL uses he she lL and Lhey
ConfllcL as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo an elemenL Lype of narraLlon LhaL conLesLs Lhe real lmaglned or
anLlclpaLed colllslons or dlsagreemenLs of Lhe evenLs of our real llves
key evenLs as used ln rheLorlc refer Lo an elemenL Lype of narraLlon LhaL bullds your narraLlve around
evenLs LhaL bear dlrecLly on your purpose
ulalogue as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo an elemenL Lype of narraLlon LhaL resembles real conversaLlon
wlLhouL copylng lL
uescrlpLlon as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo an arrangemenL meLhod LhaL creaLes sharply eLched word
plcLures of ob[ecLs persons scenes evenLs and slLuaLlons uescrlpLlons can creaLe a mood sLlmulaLe
undersLandlng or lead Lo acLlon
uomlnanL lmpresslon as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo an elemenL Lype of descrlpLlon LhaL expresses an
overall mood or feellng such [oy anger Lerrlfled or dlsLasLe lor example Lo descrlbe a verbal plcLure
of a sLorm abouL Lo sLrlke descrlbe bllndlng llghLnlng flashes and vlclously swlrllng wlndcaughL dusL
Sensory lmpresslons as used ln rheLorlc refer Lo an elemenL Lype of descrlpLlon LhaL expresses close
physlcal or menLal observaLlon lor example reflecLlon back aL her as lL suggesLs looklng aL
someLhlng from Lhe corner of one's eye
IanLage polnL as used ln rheLorlc refers Lo an elemenL Lype of descrlpLlon LhaL you wrlLe Lhe
descrlpLlon from one's poslLlon 1hese poslLlons are flxed and movlng lor flxed observer remalns ln
one place lor movlng observer vlew Lhlngs from dlfferenL poslLlons