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Physics Lecture No 22

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9 views

Physics Lecture No 22

Uploaded by

choudharyasif9999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER # 9

Electromagnetic Induction
Areas to be discussed
➢A. C. Generator

➢Transformer
MUTUAL INDUCTION
➢ The phenomenon in which a changing current in one coil
induces an emf in another coil is called the mutual induction.
➢ The mutual inductance M is the ratio of the average emf induced
in the secondary to the time rate of change of current in the
primary.

∆𝐼𝑃 𝜀𝑠
𝜀𝑠 = −𝑀 ⇒𝑀=
∆𝑡 ∆𝐼𝑃
∆𝑡
MUTUAL INDUCTION
➢ Its unit is henry (H) or 𝑉 𝑠 𝐴−1

➢ It depends upon:

▪ Number of turns of the coil

▪ Cross-sectional area of the coil

▪ Closeness of the coils

▪ Nature of core material


MUTUAL INDUCTION
➢ Its unit is henry (H) or 𝑉 𝑠 𝐴−1

➢ It depends upon:

▪ Number of turns of the coil

▪ Cross-sectional area of the coil

▪ Closeness of the coils

▪ Nature of core material


SELF INDUCTION
➢ The phenomenon in which a changing current in a coil

induces an emf in itself is called self induction.

➢ The self inductance L is the ratio of the average emf induced

in the primary to the time rate of change of current in itself.

∆𝐼 𝜀𝐿
𝜀𝐿 = −𝐿 ⇒𝐿=
∆𝑡 ∆𝐼
∆𝑡
SELF INDUCTION
➢ Its unit is henry (H) or 𝑉 𝑠 𝐴−1

➢ It is sometimes called back emf.

➢ Self inductance is the opposition to change in current.

➢ It depends upon:

▪ Number of turns of the coil

▪ Cross-sectional area of the coil

▪ Nature of core material


SELF INDUCTION
➢ Its unit is henry (H) or 𝑉 𝑠 𝐴−1

➢ It is sometimes called back emf.

➢ Self inductance is the opposition to change in current.

➢ It depends upon:

▪ Number of turns of the coil

▪ Cross-sectional area of the coil

▪ Nature of core material


ENERGY STORED IN AN INDUCTOR
➢ Energy can be stored in the magnetic field of an inductor.

➢ Inductors opposes the change in current so work done on an inductor to


pass the current through it is stored in its magnetic field.

1 1 𝐵2
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝐿𝐼2 = (𝐴𝑙)
2 2 𝜇0

1 𝐵2
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
2 𝜇0
ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATOR

➢ It is device which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

➢ It works on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.

𝜀 = 𝑁𝑤𝐴𝐵 sin 𝜃

𝜀 = 𝑁𝑤𝐴𝐵 sin 𝜔𝑡

𝜀 = 𝑁𝑤𝐴𝐵 sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑡


2𝜋
𝜀= 𝑁𝑤𝐴𝐵 sin 𝑡
𝑇
ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATOR

➢ It is device which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

➢ It works on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.

𝜀 = 𝑁𝑤𝐴𝐵 sin 𝜃

𝜀 = 𝑁𝑤𝐴𝐵 sin 𝜔𝑡

𝜀 = 𝑁𝑤𝐴𝐵 sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑡


2𝜋
𝜀= 𝑁𝑤𝐴𝐵 sin 𝑡
𝑇
ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATOR
ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATOR
TRANSFORMER
➢ It is device which convert low alternating quantity to high alternating quantity and vice
versa.
➢ It works on the principle mutual induction.
𝑉𝑆 𝑁𝑆
➢ For a transformer = = 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛/𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟.
𝑉𝑃 𝑁𝑃

➢ If 𝑁𝑆 > 𝑁𝑃 then it is called step up transformer.


➢ If 𝑁𝑆 < 𝑁𝑃 then it is called step down transformer.
𝑉𝑆 𝐼𝑃
➢ Also for a transformer =
𝑉𝑃 𝐼𝑆

➢ It is used to transmit A.C. to long distances without significant power losses.


➢ Magnetic hysteresis and eddy currents are two main types of power losses in a
transformer.
To induce an emf in a coil, the linking magnetic flux:

(a) Must decrease


(b) Must increase
(c) Must remain constant
(d) Can either increase or decrease
To induce an emf in a coil, the linking magnetic flux:

(a) Must decrease


(b) Must increase
(c) Must remain constant
(d) Can either increase or decrease
Number of turns in a coil is increased from 10 to 100. Its
inductance becomes:

(a) 10 times
(b) 100 times
(c) 1/10 times
(d) 25 times
Number of turns in a coil is increased from 10 to 100. Its
inductance becomes:

(a) 10 times
(b) 100 times
(c) 1/10 times
(d) 25 times
The average emf induced in a coil in which the current
change from 2 ampere to 4 ampere in 0.05 second is 8 V.
What is the self-inductance of the coil?

(a) 0.1 H
(b) 0.2 H
(c) 0.4 H
(d) 0.8 H
The average emf induced in a coil in which the current
change from 2 ampere to 4 ampere in 0.05 second is 8 V.
What is the self-inductance of the coil?

(a) 0.1 H
(b) 0.2 H
(c) 0.4 H
(d) 0.8 H
𝑁𝑆
= 50, Ip = 20 A, Vp = 220 V and Vs = ?
𝑁𝑃

(a) 1100 V
(b) 11000 V
(c) 500 V
(d) 1000 V
𝑁𝑆
= 50, Ip = 20 A, Vp = 220 V and Vs = ?
𝑁𝑃

(a) 1100 V
(b) 11000 V
(c) 500 V
(d) 1000 V

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