UCSP 11 - 3RD QUARTER 3.

BIOLOGICAL OR PHYSICAL
L1: IDENTITY, CULTURE, AND ANTHROPOLOGY
- origins of humans as well as the
interplay between social factors and
SOCIETY the processes of human evolution,
adaptation, and variation.
DARLENE MARIE PALANCA - 11SF (STEM)
4. LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY
- language and discourse and how they
IDENTITY reflect and shape different aspects of
● is the distinctive characteristic that defines an individual or is human society and culture.
shared by those belonging to a particular group.
● It is continuously shaped and reshaped through the passage 5. ARCHAEOLOGY
of time as well as the overall context of one's life cycle, - deals with prehistoric societies by
including his or her activities within the society and studying their tools and environment.
interaction with other people
SOCIOLOGY - defined by Anthony Giddens as "the study
ARE YOUR IDENTITIES IMPORTANT? of human social life, groups, and society"
- Sociologists examine and present new
➔ Identities are important because they shape both individual
insights and perspectives on the different
and group behavior as well as people's views about other elements and aspects of society such as
people and society. Learning about one's self, culture, and culture, gender, race, and ethnicity, social
society entails knowledge about various identities and how movements, class, forms of social
these shape people's view and behavior. stratification, crime, other organizations and
institutions. It also seeks to explain the
bases of social order and social change.
- Improvements in social policy and welfare
CULTURE rely on research performed by sociologists.
● society's way of life, provides the basis for forging identities.
● Aside from what is generally regarded as Filipino culture, - Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Karl
there are other subcultures that exist in the Philippines, Marx, Max Weber, Auguste Comte
depending on geographical origin, religion, and class among
others. POLITICAL - focuses on the fundamental values of:
SCIENCE Equality, freedom, justice
SOCIETY - Its processes are linked to dynamics of:
Dynamics of conflict, resolution,
● refers to a group of people living in a community.
cooperation
- systematic study of politics, which Andrew
Heywood describes as "the activity through
SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND POLITICAL CHANGE which people make, preserve, and amend,
➔ People's individual and collective identities have oftentimes the general rules under which they live".
transformed social order and paved the way for lasting
change. Rapidly-advancing technology also has profound - The works of Greek philosophers are
influential in the field of political science.
implications for sociocultural and political change.
- Plato, Aristotle, Niccolo, Machiavelli,
➔ The phenomenon of international migration has also Jean-Jacques Rousseau Baron de
changed Filipino identities and beliefs. Montesquieu, Thomas Hobbes, John
➔ International migration is creating social, cultural and political Locke
changes both here and abroad.
○ Anthropology - Political scientists analyze a wide array of
topics including systems of governance,
○ Sociology
political theories, the lawmaking process
○ Political Science
political behavior and ethics, policies, and
their implications, political organization,
and the electoral process.
★ SOCIAL SCIENCES
- The disciplines under which identity, culture, society, and
politics are studied.
- comprised of a wide array of academic disciplines that
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
study the overall functions of society as well as the
➔ examines how the government functions and how decisions
interactions among it's individual members and
institutions and policies are made.

POLITICAL ECONOMY
Anthropology - ANTHROPOS - “man” ➔ evaluates the interplay between economics, politics, and law
- LOGOS - “study” “inquiry” and its implications to the various institutionS within society.
- systematic study of the biological, cultural,
and social aspects of man. COMPARATIVE POLITICS
- Anthropologists have diverse fields of study ➔ compares domestic politics and governance systems across
and areas of interest. different sovereign states.
- Franz Boas, Alfred Koeber, Clifford Geertz,
Margaret Mead

5 TYPES: ★ Human 1350g, Chimpanzee 400g, Orangulan 400g, Macaque

1. SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY 100g
2. CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
3. BIOLOGICAL OR PHYSICAL
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
ANTHROPOLOGY
➔ How are identities important in relation to yourself, other people,
4. LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY
5. ARCHAEOLOGY and society?
➔ How do social, cultural, and political changes influence the
1. SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY formation of individual and group identities?
- How social patterns and practices and ➔ How can knowledge and understanding of identities help us
cultural variations develop across interact effectively with others?
different societies.

2. CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
- cultural variation across different
societies and examines the need to
understand each culture in its own
context.
UCSP 11 - 3RD QUARTER ● Though individual societies have varying histories,
experiences, identities, and organizations, all of them
L2: UNDERSTANDING CULTURE have 4 vital cultural components:
AND SOCIETY Symbols Refer to things that convey meaning
DARLENE MARIE PALANCA - 11SF (STEM) or represent an idea

Language Set of symbols that enables

➔ SOCIETY members of society to communicate
- A group of individuals sharing a common culture, verbally and nonverbally
geographical location and government.
- The classic definition of society is based on E.B. Values Shared ideas, norms, and principles
Tylor’s concept states that society is “that complex that provide members of society the
whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, standards that pertain to what is
attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, right or wrong, good or bad,
and everything that a person learns and shares as a desirable or undesirable
member of society.”
Norms Shared rules of conduct that
● A society is characterized by the presence of the determine specific behavior among
following 6 elements: society members
a. Social solidarity
b. Shared identity and culture ○ There are various categories of
c. A common language norms according to their social
d. A large population and the ability to sustain importance
succeeding generations of members; a. Folkways are norms that may
e. Definite geographical area; and be violated without serious
f. Political, economic, and social organization consequences
b. Mores are norms with moral
● Social scientists have also identified five (5) major connotations
types of societies according to how they changed c. Laws are norms that are
and developed over time. legally enacted and enforced
1. Hunting and gathering (first) d. Taboo are forbidden or
2. Horticultural and pastoral societies disapproved of; placed under
3. Agricultural societies a social prohibition or ban.
4. Industrial societies ★ Understand it in a
5. Post industrialist societies situational manner. Taboo is
an extra side notes during
discussion

➔ CULTURE
● The process of culture and identity formation within
- One of the important bases that define and influence
society is facilitated through socialization and
a society
enculturation
- Refers to the set of beliefs, ideas, values, practices,
a. Socialization - refers to the lifelong process
knowledge, history and shared experiences, attitudes,
of forging identity through social interaction
as well as materials objects and possessions
b. Enculturation - refers to the process by
accumulated over time and shared by the members
which an individual learns or acquires the
of society
important aspects of his or her society’s
- There are 2 primary categories of culture:
culture
1. Material Culture
- Money, tools/weapons, clothes, artifacts,
ornaments, art, monument, or buildings ★ It is important to understand that culture is dynamic
2. Nonmaterial Culture - characterized by constant change, activity, or progress.
- Languages and words, dress codes,
etiquette, rituals, business and social
● There are elements of culture that have remained
transactions, religion, laws, punishments,
through the ages but there are also some aspects
values, and ethics
that have adapted to the realities of the present
context.
● The community stories and other types of narratives
shared within societies are collectively called as
● Context refers to particular circumstances of a certain
folklore.
culture and is defined by location, weather, time
● Folklore, which comes in the form of myths, legends,
period and other factors.
folktales (kuwentong bayan), proverbs, and riddles,
embodies the history, beliefs, ideas, values and
practices that define a society.
 MELVILLE further clarifies the enculturation process
HERSKOVITS by saying that in early stages of human
growth, the individual unconsciously
UCSP 11 - 3RD QUARTER internalizes his or her culture; but in the
conscious stage during his or her later
L3: SOCIALIZATION AND years, the process already involves
innovations and inquiry on the part of the
ENCULTURATION individual.
DARLENE MARIE PALANCA - 11SF (STEM)

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
JOHN LOCKE
● a British Enlightenment philosopher FAMILY the primary agent of socialization of an
● tabula rasa - “born empty” individual upon birth throughout infancy,
● “the human mind is nothing but a blank slate” and up to childhood.

➔ Throughout a person’s life, simple ideas are integrated with SCHOOL have a critical and active role in socialization,
more complex ones, and these define his or her political, as their various academic and social
economic, and social affairs. activities mold students’ beliefs, values, and
attitudes.
SOCIALIZATION 1. Public School
- refers to the lifelong process of social interaction 2. Private School
through which people acquire their identities and 3. Technical- Vocational Schools
necessary survival skills in society 4. Alternative Schools
- considered the central process of social life, and a
process of member-recruitment and replacement. A. SECTARIAN
A. POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION - affiliated/associated with the
- a process which enables the development of Church or has a certain
citizens function effectively within a religious/political/belief system
particular political system (usually private school)
B. NON-SECTARIAN
ASPECTS OF SOCIALIZATION - Is NOT affiliated/associated
with the Church or does NOT
SOCIAL CONTEXT refers to the particular circumstances have a certain
of a society and consists of its culture,
religious/political/belief system
language, and the social structures
that define social class, ethnicity, and (Ex. public school)
gender
PEER refers to people who share the same
CONTENT refers to ideas, beliefs, behavior and GROUP interests or characteristics such as age and
other information that are passed on social background.
by members of society to the
individual MASS includes forms of communication such as
MEDIA books, magazines, newspapers, other print
PROCESS refers to the methods of interaction materials, radio, television, and movies.
that enable the content to be given to
the person undergoing socialization RELIGION A.RELIGION
AND STATE - exerts a great influence on the views
RESULTS refer to the outcomes of socialization, of a person, legitimizes accepted
and are evident when individuals social practices, provides stability to
begin to practice the behaviors, society, and can even be sources of
attitudes, and values that society social change.
considers necessary for them to
function effectively as its members. B.STATE
- participates in socialization through
laws and other regulations that
SELF-IDENTITY reinforce appropriate behavior, and
➔ A significant result of socialization is self-identity, help form values and attitudes of the
which refers to the establishment of a unique sense citizens.
of identity and an awareness of how it relates to their
society and world
★ Acculturation
ENCULTURATION - opposite of enculturation
- refers to the process by which an individual learns or - Learning other cultures (adapting)
acquires the important aspects of his or her society’s
culture ★ Assimilation
★ (learn our own culture) - You are learning other cultures but rejecting
your own
MARGARET an American anthropologist, one must
MEAD undergo a process of learning a culture “in
all its uniqueness and particularity”.

E. ADAMSON “both a conscious and unconscious

HOEBEL conditioning process by a person, as a child
and adult achieves competence in his
culture, internalizes his culture, and
becomes thoroughly enculturated.”