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Tutorial 8

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Tutorial 8

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m-ms2212103072
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DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA

STQM1223 LINEAR ALGEBRA

TUTORIAL 8: LINEAR TRANSFORMATION, KERNEL, RANGE and TRANSFORMATION MATRICES

1. Using basis to obtain a linear transformation.


a) Given that 𝑇: ℝ2 → ℝ, 𝑇(5,3) = 3 dan 𝑇(2,1) = 2 and {(5,3), (2,1)} is a basis of ℝ2 . Find
𝑇(1,1) and subsequently 𝑇(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 ) for any (𝑢1 , 𝑢2 ) ∈ ℝ2 .
b) Given 𝑇: ℝ3 → ℝ2 in Example 5.11, obtain 𝑇(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 ) for any (𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 ) ∈ ℝ3 . Use
𝑇(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 ) to calculate 𝑇(1,2,3).

2. Using answers from the Tutorial 7, find the kernel and range of the transformations. Determine
if the function is 1-1 and/or onto using the kernel and range.

a) 𝑇1 : ℝ2 → ℝ2 , 𝑇1 (𝑦, 𝑥) = (2𝑥, 𝑦)
b) 𝑇2 : ℝ → ℝ2 , 𝑇2 (𝑥) = (𝑥, 3𝑥)
c) 𝑇3 : 𝑃2 → 𝑃2 , 𝑇3 (𝑝(𝑥)) = 𝑝(𝑥 − 1)
d) 𝑇4 : 𝑃1 → 𝑃2 , 𝑇4 (𝑝(𝑥)) = 𝑥𝑝(𝑥)
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎11 𝑎12
e) 𝑇5 : 𝑀2x2 → 𝑀2x2 , 𝑇5 ([𝑎 𝑎 ]) = [𝑎 𝑎 ]
21 22 21 22 + 𝑎12
f) 𝑇6 : 𝑀2x2 → ℝ, 𝑇6 (𝐴) = tr(𝐴), see Topic 1 for the definition of trace.
g) 𝑇1 ∘ 𝑇2 dan 𝑇2 ∘ 𝑇1
h) 𝑇3 ∘ 𝑇4 dan 𝑇4 ∘ 𝑇3
i) 𝑇6 ∘ 𝑇5 dan 𝑇5 ∘ 𝑇6
j) 𝑇6 ∘ 𝑇2 dan 𝑇2 ∘ 𝑇6

Note that: Standard bases will be written as 𝐵𝑉 and 𝐵𝑊 for 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊.

For Example 𝑇2 : 𝑃1 → ℝ2 has standard bases 𝐵𝑉 = {1, 𝑥} and 𝐵𝑊 = {(1,0), (0,1)}.

3. Consider linear transformations 𝑇𝑖 : 𝑉 → 𝑊, 𝑖 = 1, 2 … 6 as follows.


i. Determine the standard matrix [𝑇𝑖 ]
ii. Determine the kernel and range of 𝑇𝑖
iii. If 𝑇𝑖 is one-to-one, find the inverse 𝑇𝑖−1 : Jul(𝑇𝑖 ) → 𝑉.
iv. Determine the transformation matrix [𝑇𝑖 ]𝐵𝑉 ,𝑄
v. For linear operators obtain transformation matrices [𝑇𝑖 ]𝑄,𝐵𝑊 and [𝑇𝑖 ]𝑄,𝑄

a) 𝑇1 : ℝ2 → ℝ2 , 𝑇1 (𝑦, 𝑥) = (2𝑥, 𝑦), 𝑄 = {(1,0), (0, −1)}


b) 𝑇2 : ℝ → ℝ2 , 𝑇2 (𝑥) = (𝑥, 3𝑥), 𝑄 = {(1,1), (1,0)}
c) 𝑇3 : 𝑃2 → 𝑃2 , 𝑇3 (𝑝(𝑥)) = 𝑝(𝑥 − 1), 𝑄 = {1,1 + 𝑥, 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 }
d) 𝑇4 : 𝑃1 → 𝑃2 , 𝑇4 (𝑝(𝑥)) = 𝑥𝑝(𝑥), 𝑄 = {1,1 + 𝑥, 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 }
e) 𝑇5 = 𝑇1 ∘ 𝑇2 , 𝑄 = {(1,1), (1,0)}
f) 𝑇6 = 𝑇3 ∘ 𝑇4 , 𝑄 = {1,1 + 𝑥, 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 }

4. Given the standard matrix 𝐴 = [𝑇] for linear transformation 𝑇.

i. Obtain the linear transformation 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊 from the standard matrix [𝑇] = 𝐴.


ii. Determine the transformation matrix [𝑇]𝐵𝑉 ,𝑄
iii. Determine the transformation matrix [𝑇]𝑄,𝐵𝑉
iv. Determine the transformation matrix [𝑇]𝑄,𝑄

0 1
a) 𝐴 = [ ] , 𝑉 = 𝑊 = ℝ2 , 𝑄 = {(1,0), (0, −1)}
1 0
0 1
b) 𝐴=[ ] , 𝑉 = 𝑊 = 𝑃1 , 𝑄 = {1, −𝑥}
1 0
1 1
c) 𝐴=[ ] , 𝑉 = 𝑊 = ℝ2 , 𝑄 = {(1,1), (0, −1)}
1 0
1 1
d) 𝐴=[ ] , 𝑉 = 𝑊 = 𝑃1 , 𝑄 = {1 + 𝑥, −𝑥}
1 0
1 0 1
e) 𝐴 = [0 1 1] , 𝑉 = 𝑊 = ℝ3 , 𝑄 = {(1,0,0), (0, −1,0), (0,0,2)}
1 1 0
1 0 1
f) 𝐴 = [0 1 1] , 𝑉 = 𝑊 = 𝑃2 , 𝑄 = {1, −𝑥, 2𝑥 2 }
1 1 0

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