SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.

Page 1 Monday, June 03, 2024

Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 2 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 3 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 4 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 5 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 6 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 7 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 8 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 9 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 10 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 11 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 12 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 13 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 14 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 15 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 16 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 17 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 18 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 19 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 20 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 21 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 22 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 23 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 24 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 25 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 26 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 27 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 28 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 29 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 30 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 31 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 32 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 33 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 34 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 35 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 36 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 37 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 38 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 39 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 40 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 41 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 42 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 43 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 44 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 45 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 46 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 47 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 48 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 49 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 50 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 51 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 52 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 53 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 54 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 55 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 56 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 57 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 58 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 59 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 60 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 61 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 62 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 63 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 64 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 65 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 66 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 67 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 68 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 69 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 70 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 71 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 72 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 73 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 74 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 75 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 76 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 77 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 78 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 79 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 80 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 81 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 82 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 83 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 84 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 85 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 86 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 87 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 88 Monday, June 03, 2024
Printed For: ACCESS LEGAL
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
© 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law
declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &
63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------