MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

PREGY (PERSONAL ISSUES, ROUGH ADJUSTMENT, ENHANCE CONNECTIONS, GREAT

RESPONSIBILITY, YOUNG MOTHER’S ACKNOWLEDGEMENT); PHENOMENOLOGY OF

TEENAGE MOTHER OF CENTRO 3 LASAM, CAGAYAN

A Research Presented to the

College of Nursing of

Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of

Science in Nursing Research

BY:

BUHISAN, MARIA JOSEPHINE P.

BUTACAN, APRIL A.

PALLE, JULIE ANNE H.

RABANAL, LEA ABIGAIL T.

UTAYDE, CASSEY FAITH S.

S.Y. 2020-2021

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

APPROVAL SHEET

This research "PREGY (Personal Issues, Rough Adjustment, Enhance

Connections, Great Responsibility, Young Mother’s Acknowledgement};

Phenomenology of teenage mother of Centro 3, Lasam, Cagayan" was

prepared and submitted by Maria Josephine P. Buhisan, April A.

Butacan,

Julie Anne H. Palle, Lea Abigail T. Rabanal and Cassey Faith S. Utayde

in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Nursing, has been examined and is hereby recommend for

acceptance and approval.

NIÑA ANNE BERNADETTE P. PARACAD RN, MSN

Research Adviser

Approved by the tribunal at the oral examination and accepted as full

compliance on the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing with

rating of

RYAN C. FONTANILLA RN, LPT, DIH, MSN

Chairman
WENDY MAE G. LAPUZ,LPT ENGR. MIKE ALBERT M.
TEJADA
Panelist Panelist

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for

the degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing.

Date:
LOUISE VALIENTE CABLING RN,MAN,MST
Dean, College of Nursing
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

We the researchers would like to extend our warmest gratitude and

deepest appreciation to all individuals who contributed their

knowledge, guidance, and support in the preparation of this research

study.

To Ma’am Nina Anne Bernadette P. Paracad, RN, MSN, for all her

help particularly for her continuous efforts, unequalled assistance,

and useful suggestions and advice.

To Sir Ryan Fontanilla RN, MSN, for his endless support and

unconditional help in order to accomplish this study.

To our alma mater, Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines

(MCNP), particularly to all the offices involved in the success of

this research study.

To our beloved parents, for all the financial and moral support

they have given us to finish this research study.

Above all, to the Almighty God for the wisdom He had bestowed

upon us and guiding each one of us throughout the completion and

success of our study.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

DEDICATION

We humbly dedicate this study to our parents, who have always

been there to motivate and strengthen our spiritual needs as well as

to provide for us financial support while completing this

requirement.

To our research adviser, for her kind assistance and support

throughout our research.

To the faculty and staff of the Medical Colleges of Northern

Philippines, for their words of encouragement and affirmation.

Moreover, our friends who have never failed to extend their

support and trust in order for us to complete this research.

Especially, to our respondents, for their trust, cooperation, and

understanding in this endeavor.

Above all, We dedicated this study to our Heavenly Father, Jesus

Christ, for always providing us with the strength and love to overcome

all obstacles making this study possible.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE PAGE

Title Page---------------------------------------------i

Approval Sheet-----------------------------------------ii

Acknowledgement----------------------------------------iii

Dedication---------------------------------------------iv

List of Tables-----------------------------------------vii

List of Figures----------------------------------------viii

Abstract-----------------------------------------------ix

Chapter I – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction-------------------------------------------1

Theoretical Framework----------------------------------3

Research Paradigm--------------------------------------4

Statement of the Problem-------------------------------5

Significance of the Study------------------------------5

Scope and Delimitation of the Study--------------------6

Definition of Terms------------------------------------7

Chapter II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature---------------------------8

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

Chapter III – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design---------------------------------------26

Respondents of the Study------------------------------26

Data Gathering Tool-----------------------------------27

Data Gathering Procedure------------------------------27

Data Analysis-----------------------------------------28

Chapter IV – RESULT, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Presentation, Interpretation, and Analysis of Data----29

Chapter V – SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings-----------------------------------78

Conclusion--------------------------------------------79

Recommendation----------------------------------------80

APPENDICES

References

Sample Data Gathering Tool

Informed Consent

Transcripts of Data

Curriculum Vitae

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Factors Associated with Early Pregnancy------------29

Table 2: Challenges Encountered of Early Pregnancy----------39

Table 3: Coping to Challenges-------------------------------48

Table 4: Lessons Learned from Experience--------------------53

Table 5: Outcomes of Early Pregnancy------------------------64

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Research Paradigm --------------------------------4

Figure 2.1 Central Phenomenon -------------------------------72

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ABSTRACT

The study is concerned about the lived experiences of teenage

mothers in Centro 3, Lasam, Cagayan. In this study, researchers strive
to determine and explore the challenges, coping mechanisms,
motivations and impact of the teenage pregnancy during their
transition to motherhood. The researchers used resilience theory that
will support this study. The theory will help the researcher focus on
the complexity of young mothers’ experiences and circumstances of
their lives to be explored. The researchers used descriptive
phenomenological survey method. Individual Interview were conducted
with teenage mothers ages ranges from 13 to 19, during the year 2015
to present that willingly participated in the study with no severe
medical conditions and single. The researchers used Colaizzi method in
the analysis of data. The findings indicate that pressure, residing in
rural regions, not attending school, and participating in unprotected
sexual intimacy as a result of lack in parental guidance are some of
the variables linked to the prevalence of early pregnancy among the
respondents. Due to their early pregnancy, they faced several
difficulties as they transitioned into parenthood. In this study, they
were unable to independently care for the child. They lacked the
necessary skills and expertise. The study findings revealed that
adolescent moms faced several physical, psychological, mental, and
social obstacles. As a result, we, the researchers, believed that
adolescent pregnancy is a severe concern. To reduce tensions and the
chance of adolescent pregnancy early on, strengthen family ties via
family development workshops able them to understand the immediate and
long-term effect of pregnancy and parenthood.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Life experiences of a teenage mother are one of the difficult

experiences a woman can ever encountered. Teenage pregnancy is still

the major problem evolving in our society. Teenage pregnancy, also

known as adolescent pregnancy refers to pregnancy of a female who is

less than 19 years.

The World Health Organization reported that there are

approximately 12 million girls aged 15-19 years and at least 777,000

girls under 15 years give birth each year in developing regions. At

least 10 million unintended pregnancies occur each year among

adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in the developing world. World

Health Organization (2020)

Teenage pregnancy affects 5.99 percent of Filipino girls which is

the second highest rate in Southeast Asia based in the save the

children's global childhood report (2019). The Philippines has

recorded a total of 180,916 live births among adolescents aged 10-19.

This figure is equivalent to 495 live births per day in the 10-19 age

group, according to the data from the civil registration and vital

statistics system of the Philippine Statistic Autority (2019).

Teen age pregnancy is both social and a public health problem in

Lasam, Cagayan particularly in Centro 3, Lasam, Cagayan where the

highest rate of teenage mothers resided. Cases of early pregnancy and

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

unplanned pregnancy at Lasam Cagayan are alarming because the rate of

cases continues to rise. The population Comission (PopCom) has

expressed alarm over survey results showing Cagayan Valley region with

the highest percentage in teenage pregnancy in the country as the

region 2 recorded 11.2% pregnanct teenage girls in the 15-19years age

group and this has affected not only the adolescent girls but also

their spouse, family, school and the society.

The difficulties that come up with teenage pregnancy can have a

profound effect on their life. Their physical, social, mental, and

emotional health will be all affected by a sudden change in the course

of their life. Teenage mothers will have to give up many things in

order to be a parent. In addition, they will have to take on many more

responsibilities that accompany pregnancy and parenthood. All in all,

having unplanned pregnancy and becoming a parent introduce many new

responsibilities and difficulties.

The aim of this study is to know the experience of teenage

pregnancy to the life of the adolescent mothers, to know the

challenges they encountered being a teenage mother, and to identify

the coping mechanisms and motivations they used to counteract the

challenges to continue their life. This study also helped create a

better understanding on the lived experiences of teenage mothers.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Holling initially used the phrase in his 1973 book "Resilience

and Stability of Ecological Systems," which is where it first gained

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

widespread recognition. The majority of resilience studies were built

on the work of this author (Bhamra, 2011). Resilience was used to look

at the persistence of various natural states in intricate energetic

systems like socio-financial frameworks. Numerous studies or academics

have defined resilience. Resiliency is the ability to deal effectively

with traumatic experiences, overcome the negative impacts of risk

exposure, and avoid the unfavorable risk-related trajectories, as

examples (Masten & Powell, 2003). Resilience cannot occur without

effort, according to researchers. For instance, Hawley

(2000) claimed that "resilience does not exist without difficulty."

According to Mallak (1998), resilience is the capacity of an

individual to bounce back from adversity. Definitions of resilience

which emphasize on coping, relies on reducing vulnerability, resisting

and adapting to change, and returning to a desirable situation as

quickly as possible. Most of the time, resiliency consists of both

internal and external factors that shape an individual. Internal

factors include positive self-evaluation, confidence in one’s

abilities and the ability to cope (sense of humor, hopefulness,

balanced perspective, positive strategies for dealing with stress and

coping strategies) (Cooper, Long & New, 1982; Mayhew, 2009, Prince-

Embury, 2008; Short & Russell-).

In connection with the study, Resilience theory support this

study because the theory help the researcher focus on the complexity

of young mothers’ experiences and the particular settings and

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

circumstances of their lives to be explored. Thus, resiliency is any

behavioral, attributional, or enthusiastic reaction to social

challenge that's positive and advantageous for advancement (such as

seeking unused techniques, putting forward more prominent exertion, or

understanding clashes peacefully).

RESEARCH PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1) Factors
associated with
their early
pregnancy.
2) Challenges they LIVED EXPERIENCES
1. Interview
encountered as
a consequence - Phone Call OF THE TEENAGE
of their early MOTHERS OF CENTRO 3
pregnancy. 2. Data Gathering
3) Coping 3. Data Analysis LASAM, CAGAYAN
strategies to
respond to the
challenges
L
4) Lessons they
learned from
this experience.
5) Outcomes of
early pregnancy
to lives of the
participants.

FEEDBACK

Figure 1.1:

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

The Input column shows factors associated with their early

pregnancy,challenges they encountered as a consequence of their early

pregnancy,coping strategies to respond to the challenges, lessons they

learned from this experience and outcomes of early pregnancy to lives

of the participants.The process contains the procedure in gathering

the needed data and the output is the lived experiences of the teenage

mothers of centro 3 Lasam, Cagayan.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Generally, this study is to seek an understanding of the lived

experiences of teenage mothers in Centro 3, Lasam Cagayan.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions 1)

What are the factors associated with their early pregnancy? 2) What

are the challenges they have encountered as a consequence of their

early pregnancy?

3) How do they cope up to these challenges?

4) What are the lessons they learned from this experience?

5) What are the outcomes of early pregnancy to the lives of the

participants?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The results of the study will then be beneficial to the following

persons and institutions:

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

Teenage Mothers. They could gain insight about their situation and be

aware of their responsibilities as parent and be aware on coping

mechanism to counteract to their challenges

Community teenager. This study will benefit to the community of

teenagers. They will gain a deeper understanding about the reality of

teenage mothers and most importantly for them to learn about the

experiences of teenage mothers.

Future Researches. This will serve as a reference tool of those who

want to develop topics related to the lived experiences of the teenage

mother.

Researchers. This will serve as a guide for them as to how much

teenager mothers have a capacity in coping in their challenges.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study focuses on the experiences of the teenage mothers of

Centro 3, Lasam Cagayan. The study is limited by the following

constraints that will influence the acquisition of knowledge gained

about teenage pregnancy. Subjects will be included in the study if

they are teenage mothers’ ages 13-19 years of age, whom are being

pregnant in the year 2015 to 2022 and living within Centro 3, Lasam.

Interviewed the participants who are the teenage mothers’ ages 13 to

19, during the year 2015 to 2022 that willingly participated in the

study with no severe medical conditions and single. The schedule of

the interview is set within the respondent’s time availability so that

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

they will not be deprived of their available time, hence the

researchers will ensured that they will be always on time for

interview sessions and working within the perimeters of the duration

of interviews agreed upon to avoid anxiety on the side of the

participants. Subjects will be excluded from the study if the

participants withdraw from being interviewed and not willing to

cooperate with the study.

This study will be conducted among the teenage mothers of Centro

3, Lasam Cagayan. This study will be undertaken in Centro 3, the

district of Lasam, Cagayan among the teenage mothers.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Coping Mechanism. To face and deal with responsibilities, problems, or

difficulties, especially successfully or in a calm or adequate manner.

Experience. Practical contact with and observation of facts or events.

Motivation. The general desire or willingness of someone to do

something.

Pregnancy. A period in which a fetus develops inside a woman’s wombs

or uterus that usually last about 40 weeks or under.

Teenager. A person’s age is between 13-19 years, still studying and

living with their parents/guardians.

Teenage Pregnancy. Has long been a worldwide social and educational

concern for the different countries in the world. It has detrimental

effects for both teenage mothers such as increased chances of dropping

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out of school, increased risk of depression which leads to mental

health issue.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents literature and the findings of other related

researchers to whom the current study is related or has some

similarities. This will also include the synthesis to fully understand

the research to be done.

EXTERNAL FACTORS

According to Macleod and Durrheim (2003), teenage pregnancy is a

social problem, associated with school disruption, poor obstetric

outcomes, inadequate motherhood, poor child outcomes, and poor

relationships with relatives, partners, and peers. Difficulties,

leading to demographic concerns about population growth. Adolescents’

likelihood of having unprotected sex, pregnancy and childbirth are

strongly correlated with several risk factors. These factors included

growing up in a single-parent household, living in a poor and/or high-

poverty neighborhood, poor school attachment and performance, and low

parental education levels (Moore, Miller et al. al. 1995). Life

experiences associated with poverty, exclusion from school, prevalence

of out-of-wedlock childcare and unemployment, lack of educational

opportunities, and secure career prospects reduce the perceived costs

of early motherhood, it has been reported to lead to an increase in

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teenage pregnancies. Girls of lower socioeconomic status and early

onset of menarche have also been reported to be sexually active (Coley

and Chase-Lansdale, 1998). Based on this result, it can be argued that

socioeconomic factors may influence early sexual behavior in

teenagers, thereby increasing the likelihood of conception.

Fergusson and Woodward (2000) found that adolescents living in

vulnerable households, such as single-mother households, families with

conflicting parents, some parental separation, and living with

stepparents, were predisposing factors for teenage pregnancy. As

reported by Gyan (2013). Ferguson and Woodward, (2000). And Tatta et

al., (2003) reported that parental neglect and absenteeism caused

teenage pregnancies in Nzambani because the girls had no role models

or supervision.

Thus, Williams (1991), cited in a Ghanaian study by Gyan (2013),

found that adolescents are often engaged and dependent on peers for

information, resulting in discovering not factual information.

Similarly, teens tend to imitate their peers and may engage in

substance abuse, early risky sex, and more. Similarly, Orori and

Yusuna (2013), Mutanana and Mutara (2015), and her NCPD (2017) found

that as teens perceive and adapt to peer behavior, peer pressure can

affect her teenage years. Reported to be a contributing factor in

teenage pregnancies and substance abuse.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

In addition, early onset of sexual activity has been reported to

be associated with her teenage pregnancy (Trembly and Frigon, 2004;

Coley and ChaseLansdale, 1998). According to Mba (2003), young people

in sub-Saharan Africa start having sex as early as age 12 (girls) and

her age 13 (boys). Early initiation of sexual activity is directly

linked to reproductive health problems, including HIV infection and

other sexually transmitted diseases.

Teenage pregnancy remains a public health concern worldwide.

Worldwide, 16 million girls give birth during puberty each year, and

an estimated 3 million undergo unsafe abortions. Most teenage

pregnancies occur in developing countries, and her teens living in

socio-economically disadvantaged environments in developed countries

are at increased risk of teenage pregnancy compared to the general

population. Higher. Adolescence is considered a critical period in a

young person’s life. The onset of sexual activity and often marriage

takes place during this time. Early onset of coitus and menarche, and

delay in marriage mean longer puberty than ever before, increasing the

risk of unplanned pregnancies and early motherhood (Moore, Miller et

al. 1995).

According to Macleod (1999), there seems to be a consensus among

researchers that poor socioeconomic status is the main cause of

adolescent pregnancy. In a longitudinal study of her teenage pregnancy

and educational attainment in New Zealand by Fergusson and Woodward

(2000), girls from poorer backgrounds were more likely to have their

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

teenage mothers than girls from financially stable backgrounds. Shown

to be at high risk. Similarly, a KDHS (2014) study found that the

majority of teenage mothers are from economically disadvantaged

quartiles. On the other hand, Timaeus & Moultrie (2015), in a

longitudinal study of adolescence, childbirth, and educational

attainment in South Africa, reported that girls were from poorer

backgrounds. Actively engaged in sexual relationships with men in the

hope that they would pay their school fees. Ikamari et al.,

(2013), UNFPA (2015), Ogori and Yusuna (2013), Mutanana and Mutara

(2014), and also Gyan (2013).

In Australia, the teenage fertility rate fell from 22.1 births

per 1,000 women in 1992 to just over 15.5 births per 1,000 women in

2010. Her teen living in a low-income socio-economic area has a high

fertility rate. The consequences of early pregnancy and teenage

births, including the events leading up to these pregnancies, are

highlighted in the research literature. Family history of pregnancy,

abuse, and fatherlessness. Dropping out of school or dropping out

early is also a risk factor and consequence of early pregnancy and

childbirth.

According to Robeyns’ (2005) Sen Capability Approach (CA), lack

of economic freedom leads to lack of the most basic needs such as

education, nutrition, health, and clothing, and increases the risk of

girls falling into teenage pregnancy and becoming parents.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), teenage

girls in rural areas are at higher risk of becoming pregnant than

girls in urban areas. This is because her teenage girls in rural areas

have only primary education, while girls in urban areas have better

education. Aside from academic factors, the report also says some

girls don’t know how to avoid pregnancy, while others are shy or

embarrassed to use contraceptives.

Ehlers (2003) found that adolescent women who were poor students

with low educational attainment were more likely to become young

mothers than women of the same age who had good grades.

COPING MECHANISM

Regardless of the difficulties that adolescent mothers face, many

adapt and overcome them. Smithbattle (2005) discovered that adolescent

moms saw pregnancy as a new motivator for planning their futures for

themselves and their child in her study. Adolescent mothers' success

in educational, occupational, and parenting outcomes improves as they

adjust to challenges, culminating in their resilience (Letourneau,

Stewart, & Barnfather, 2004).In terms of subsequent research, there is

evidence that some adolescent mothers may use their teen pregnancy and

motherhood experiences as motivation to complete their education so

that they and their child can have a better future. One of these

experiences is social support, which is defined as "a coping resource

that may be called upon to promote resiliency and cope with the

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

responsibilities of new motherhood" (Letourneau, Stewart, &

Barnfather, 2004, p. 515).Spear (2004) conducted a 12-year follow-up

study with two adolescent mothers to see if their views on early

childbearing had changed since the previous study. According to the

findings, one of the participants was in the process of completing her

high school diploma. Her parents and the government both provided

financial support for her. The other person had completed high school,

was working part-time, and was receiving government assistance.

According to the findings, participants expressed regrets as well as

hope for a better future. They discussed how difficult it was to keep

intimate relationships with boyfriends and family members. Both

participants advised other young people to wait until they are

emotionally and financially prepared to start a family.Even though

having a baby as a teenager is challenging, one college participant

said that there are still options for school and college, and she used

the baby as motivation to improve her life and the life of her child

(Spear, 2004).

The teen mothers' experiences that worsen the effects on their

education, society, and economy. Success in the workplace and as a

parent may vary based on the adolescent mother's social experiences.

There are several ways to support the programs, including through

family, peers, support materials, and intervention-enabling

circumstances (Hess, Papas, & Black, 2002; Letourneau, Stewart, &

Barnfather, 2004).

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Teenage mothers may exhibit greater resiliency due to improved

social support from friends, family, school, and the community as well

as a change in their hopes and goals as they enter adulthood, leading

to more concrete educational and professional objectives

(Camarena, Minor, Melmer, & Ferrie, 1998; Smithbattle, 2007).

Based on the teen mother's experiences with social support from

family, peers, and intervention programs, the outcomes of teen mothers

that improve their outcomes in terms of educational, occupational, and

parenting success may differ. According to Camarena, Minor, Melmer,

and Ferrie (1998), those who received the most social support from

friends, family, and school were the most resilient in terms of

educational completion and occupational success.In their study of 181

African American adolescent moms in the Baltimore region, Hess, Papas,

and Black (2002) found that adolescent mothers who had supportive

relationships with their mothers and grandmothers were more likely to

be mature and able to handle the rigors of raising a baby (Beers &

Hollo, 2009; Sellers, Black, Boris, Oberlander, & Myers, 2011).

Social acceptance is the act of others indicating their desire to

include you in their relationships and groups (Leary, 2010).

In order to cope, one must take appropriate action (ie, deal with,

mitigate, alleviate, etc.). Conflicts and pressures both internal and

external that have an impact and deplete one's resources (Yahya,

2016).

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

Whether the pregnancies were anticipated or not, the majority of

adolescent moms had less time to prepare for and acclimate to

parenthood. Their capacity to handle the pressures of teenage

parenting and their lack of expertise in effective child rearing

techniques hurt their emotional health. This is due to the expectation

that stress will raise the risk of depression, anxiety, and other

emotional issues (Yahya, 2016).

In a study about coping mechanisms of expectant and parenting

mothers conducted in Zambia with 27 respondents, both adaptive and

maladaptive approaches have been described as a means of coping,

including fending off depression, helping family, friends, and other

members of the community, confessing one's sins to God, focusing on

the future of one's own and the child, and denying pregnancy or

maternity. Conclusion: Due to unfulfilled requirements related to

adolescence and childbearing, pregnant and parenting teenagers

experienced a variety of unfavorable interactions as they transitioned

from youth to adulthood and motherhood (Mumba Lombe et. al, 2018).

Social support and the emergence of a positive maternal identity

during the period of adjustment to adolescent motherhood. Future

healthcare initiatives for adolescent mothers throughout the

transitional stage should focus on fostering social support, improving

adolescent mothers' capacity to manage the physical and psychological

difficulties of young motherhood, and enhancing new moms' expertise of

infant care. Various authors (Lisa McKenna, 2019)

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

Peer-to-peer sexual health education is viewed as a suitable and

effective strategy among young people (Freudenberg and Ruglis 2007;

Howard and McCabe 1990; Key et al. 2005; Rowlands 2010), and it

frequently serves as the primary and most common source of sexual

health knowledge (Whitfield et al. 2013).To support teenage moms in

particular, it has also been suggested that informal peer support in

the form of friendship groups be invested in and promoted through

social policy (Ellis-Sloan and Tamplin 2018).

To discover the relevance and importance of spirituality in the

lives of 130 pregnant teenage women. A study of how spirituality

positively impacted her pregnancy is described. In a content analysis

of those who responded positively, the data identified six her themes

that explained the importance of beliefs or spirituality during

pregnancy. (a) Advice and Assistance. (b) protect, bless or reward;

(c) Communication with God. (d) Strength and confidence. (e) help with

difficult moral decisions; (f) General Beneficial Effects. These

findings demonstrate the importance of addressing spirituality as a

resource during pregnancy and are to further explore the importance of

spirituality during pregnancy for those who value spirituality.

(Journal of Holistic nursing 25 (3), 151-158, 2007)

CHALLENGES

Social rejection, on the other hand, means that others have

little incentive to accept you into their friendships and communities

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

(Leary, 2010). The likelihood that an adolescent mother's life and

goals are adversely affected is reduced by an accepting and supportive

attitude towards her mother (Hermann, 2006). Dr. Aizura Syafinaz of

her UM Her Specialist Center (UMSC), a Malaysian psychiatrist, said

social community acceptance of her teenage pregnancy in Malaysia was

still very low, and She said she was lonely and that teenage pregnancy

was taboo. Rape, Sexual Abuse, and Teenage Marriage as Precedents

(UMSC, 2018).

Psychosocial effects are defined as effects caused by

environmental and/or biological factors on the social and/or

psychological aspects of an individual (Alexandra Martini de Oliveira

et al., 2013).

A study of 6,000 Canadian women in their teens to adults found

that girls aged 15 to 19 were more likely to have postnatal depression

than women aged 25 and older. It is shown to be twice as tall as her.

(Dawn Kingston et al., 2012) Teenage mothers are reported to

experience significant levels of stress leading to mental health

problems. This meant that teenage mothers were more likely to suffer

from depression. They are more prone to suicidal ideation than their

non-mother peers. , at risk of poverty, drug use and repeated

pregnancies.（Paranjothy S.、2009).

Young people who face motherhood in their teens may experience a

conflict between their new motherhood and their teenage needs. Early

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

motherhood experiences are contextual and influenced by the culture

and society in which the teen/woman lives (Moore, Miller et al. 1995).

Teenage pregnancy remains a major challenge in both developed and

developing countries. Premature and unwanted pregnancies among

adolescents have adverse health, educational, social and economic

consequences. (Joyce N. Mummer, 2019). Women are more vulnerable and

face tremendous challenges in the transition to motherhood. This is

exacerbated for young mothers, and research shows that growing mothers

experience the burden of responsibility as they become mothers.

(International Journal of Nursing Science, 2019)

According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA),

“pregnancy of girls under the age of 18 has irreversible consequences.

It is not always viewed positively when it comes to keeping oneself

away from negative perceptions, which is to maintain a positive state

of being: self introduction (Mark Hayter, 2019)

Mothers' perspectives on their experiences with the availability of

social support or services received immediately after the birth of

their children. Sudden onset of mood swings, insomnia, distress and,

most importantly, depressive symptoms are some of the challenges faced

by postpartum mothers.

Pregnant her teen and her teen mother experience stigma

associated with loneliness and isolation. Capital theory to extend the

analysis of loneliness to highlight how adolescent mothers can use

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

this loneliness or isolation to rebuild their sense of self and the

symbolic capital they lose during pregnancy. (Global Public Health)

Contemporary concepts of self-esteem emphasize individual self-

and other-acceptance, performance appraisals, social comparisons, and

individual behavioral effectiveness as important sources of

selfesteem. The discourse of self-esteem allows a person to understand

individuality and community, the pursuit of success and

selfacceptance, or the pursuit of happiness and contentment with

present destiny as future states. Here, the experience of self-esteem

is understood to be mood-based. Self-esteem provides a means of

interpreting moods that encourage or inhibit behavior in a variety of

situations. Mood is a response to positive and negative experiences.

Self-esteem is the building of a mood adapted to the culture and its

problems. This analysis examines how self-esteem connects people to

cultural focal points and explores the limits of self-esteem as a

goal.

Theorists have long believed that people's self-esteem and social

relationships influence each other. The results support the

assumptions of classical and contemporary theories about the effects

of social relationships on self-esteem and the consequences of

selfesteem on relational domains. Taken together, the results suggest

that the link between people's social relationships and self-esteem is

truly bidirectional at all developmental stages of lifespan,

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

reflecting positive feedback loops between the components. increase.

(PsycInfo database record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

A study conducted by Mpetshwa (2000) focusing on seven teenage

mothers found that community members tended to have a wide range of

negative reactions to pregnant teenagers. Some members of the

community were more shocked, while others gossiped about the teens'

parents. was even refused.

For many of her teenage parents, a variety of environmental and

behavioral risks contribute to the premature birth and upbringing of

their children. Many of these psychosocial, environmental, and

parenting factors continue to influence a teenager's ability to be

effective parents after the baby is born. This review examines these

factors in relation to teenage parenting and discusses the limited data

available on outcomes for teenage mothers and their infants. Studies

suggesting that most fathers want to be involved with their infants

despite negative social stereotypes about adolescent fathers have been

reviewed, and the influences and factors that influence paternal

involvement are examined. Understanding the dynamics of coparenting

relationships is an expanding area of research that can help

practitioners enhance and support mother-father parenting of teens.

Teenagers continue to live with their families, so teenage parenting

has a significant impact on multigenerational family structures. These

relationships support, and sometimes hinder, the growing parent's

personal and parental growth. Successful interventions and programs to

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

support youth-led families take many forms, but tend to be inclusive

and multidisciplinary, taking into account the developmental levels of

both parents and children.

Teenage pregnancy is often portrayed as a significant problem

that adversely affects young mothers and their children (Duncan 2005;

Yardley 2008; Harden et al. 2009; Macvarish 2010; Bell et al. 2014;

Ellis-Sloan 2014; ). Over the past two decades, poverty, maternal

mental health, unemployment, and poor child health have been

associated with teenage pregnancy (Social Exclusion Unit:

SEU 1999; Department for Education and Skills 2006; Mental Health

Foundation 2013). ; Public Health England 2016). Poor health and

social exclusion are projected for many of her teenage mothers in the

United Kingdom (UK). Teenage pregnancy and parenthood are associated

with stigma and stigma (Wiemann et al. 2005; Yardley 2008; Smithbattle

2013; Ellis-Sloan 2014), vulnerability to negative attitudes (Wiemann

et al. al. 2005) and Marginalization and isolation (Whitehead 2001).

Stigma and discrimination among teenage parents appears to be a

compelling social issue important to health professionals. Smithbattle

(2013) suggests that this hinders the provision and initiation of

effective care, exacerbating the challenges faced by young mothers. A

qualitative study by Ellis-Sloan (2014) examining the journey of young

women to teenage motherhood found that young mothers are aware of

their stigmatized identities and how this affects themselves. It has

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

become clear that it affects how people express themselves. The

concept of stigma originates from the work of Erving Goffman (1922–

1982) (cited in Mason-Whitehead and Mason 2007, Abrams et al. 2008).

According to Goffman (1963), stigmatizing attitudes and behavior

discredit individuals and make them less acceptable to society. ” and

is associated with undesirable traits, suggesting that stigma arises.

RELATIONSHIP OF THE FAMILY

Parents played an important role in shaping their children's

values as a result of their relationship with each other. Parents'

beliefs, feelings, principles, and behaviors can be passed on to their

children. According to Grissett's findings, improved parentchild

relationship quality significantly reduced the likelihood of female

participants being ambivalent about their pregnancy. Similarly (Mercy

and Adunola) argued that immediate family influences decisions to

remain sexually abstinent or become sexually active. They added that

the lack of relationships with parents and the lack of information

about sexual issues allowed outside forces to become sexually active.

Because most parents work to meet the needs of their families, they

rarely discuss sex education with their children.

Teenage pregnancy is typically unplanned, and as a result, people

react differently to the experience. The adolescent must deal with the

unexpected demands of adulthood, as well as the disapproval and

dissatisfaction expressed by significant others such as parents and

relatives. Several studies found that teenage mothers felt sad,

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

disappointed, shocked, and depressed after their pregnancies were

confirmed. According to a study conducted by Parekh and De la Rey

(1997), most teenagers initially denied the pregnancy before informing

their parents, who, in most cases, received the news with anger and

disappointment. The following quote from a study by Kaplan (1996)

demonstrates some of the typical reactions of parents of teenage

mothers: She asked me if I was going to keep it [baby], who the father

was, and where I was going to live. I told her that I was staying. And

she inquired, "How do you know I want you here?" I've already raised

my children

Kekesi (1997) conducted a study at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital that

focused on the social and educational backgrounds of 70 teenage

mothers who had given birth at the hospital between April and

September 1995. Structured interviews were used to collect data. The

study discovered that, while the majority of participants were able to

talk to someone, some were afraid to tell others until their families

realized they were pregnant.

Some of the participants in Mpetshwa‟s (2000) study reported

having experienced a lot of ill treatment from their family members,

especially their parents who felt betrayed by their children falling

pregnant. It is evident from the above studies that confirmation of

pregnancy in the case of a teenager triggers different negative

reactions by the teenagers and their significant others. In most cases

the teenager concerned and her family find it difficult to accept the

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

pregnancy. It is these negative responses to the pregnancy that could

lead to some health problems being experienced by the teenager.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Young people who become parents in their teens are much more

likely to have a shorter education than their peers who delay

childbearing. Young fathers do not have to go through pregnancy and

usually have less responsibility for the early care of their children.

Nevertheless, both mothers and fathers of adolescents are much less

educated than their classmates. The younger the parents were born, the

greater the academic setbacks. Furthermore, when teenage parents were

matched on academic aptitude and performance, socioeconomic status,

race, and educational expectations at age 15 with classmates who were

not parents during their teenage years, educational The adverse

effects of preterm birth on people gave birth to children. Therefore,

premature birth appears to be the direct cause of reduced schooling,

independent of other effects.

Teenage pregnancy also affects a girl’s educational and earning

potential. Many girls are forced to drop out of school, ultimately

jeopardizing their futures and economic prospects (UNFPA).

She also reported that an adolescent female who was a poor student

with low educational motivation was more likely to be a mother in her

teens than a female peer with good grades (Macleod, 1999b). Maynard

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

(1997) went further, suggesting that one third of young women drop out

of school before becoming pregnant.

Synthesis of the Review of Related Literature

The research studies and literature written by foreign and

local authors in this chapter discusses the concept and narrative

details of relevant and related information to the study. This will

help the researchers to find out the lived experiences of teenage

mother. The information from the literature gathered is also

importantant in determining the factors associated with their

pregnancy, challenges they have encountered, how they cope up, lesson

they've learned and the outcomes in their lives.

The collection of the studies above are related in the area

of importance in making decisions wisely because being a teenage

mother has a great responsibilities. It also shows lacking of

awareness in embracing the new environment of being a young mother. On

the other hand parents played the important role to cope the situation

and added knowledge in shaping their children. Teenage mothers may

exhibit greater resiliency due to strengthen social support from

parents, friends and God.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the study’s methodology, The location of

the study and the respondents. The research instrument and the data

collection process and analysis.

Research Design

The researchers used descriptive phenomenological survey method.

This method aids the studied to describe the nature of situation and

gathered information about the present condition of what is being

studied. Since this studied concerned with the Live Experiences of the

teenage mother of Centro 3 Lasam, Cagayan, it will be very appropriate

that the descriptive phenomenological survey method of research will

use.

Respondent of the Study

In our proposed study, we used snowball sampling technique in

getting our sample size by using the recruitment method wherein an

existing subject or identified subject will refered or looked for the

other subject who has the same situation or traits. The existing

subject will be the one who will connect us to the other subject. The

recruited subjects will continue to refer more subjects until we meet

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

the desired number or size of the research population in our proposed

study.

Data Gathering Tool

The data gathering method we will be used in our study is

SemiStructured Interview. The type of questionnaire that we were going

to used is the Standard Questionnaire. The questionnaire is consisting

of questions that will be answered by the respondent’s base on their

experience and perception.

Data Gathering Procedure

In this study, the researchers asked permission to the barangay

captain of Centro 3, Lasam Cagayan to conduct the research project in

the said area. Second, a request letter was made stating the purpose

of the study, the subject and the inclusive dates involved and signed

by the informants before the commencement of the interview sessions.

Third, structured one-to-one in depth interviews were conducted by

going to the chosen barangay and having personal interaction with the

selected participants. Most preferably in a quiet environment such an

home or private room in order to prevent any distractions and provided

a peaceful and comfortable place to the participants where they can

freely express their selves in answering questions. The researchers

secured appointments with the participants for each interview done. In

order to obtain completeness and reliability of information gathered,

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

interview sessions were recorded through tape recorder and

transcribed. Fourth, the data gathered is transcribed and analyzed

thoroughly based on the result. Lastly, researcher sort and made the

appropriate data collected. Analysis and interpretation of the data

followed.

Data Analysis

The researchers repeatedly read the data literally, extracted out

the useful information, coded repetitive information, and eventually

summarized this information as themes. The Colaizzi method includes 7

steps: (1) read all the contents of interviewed; (2) extracted

significant statements; (3) formulated meanings; (4) organized the

collection of meanings into clusters of themes; (5) integrated the

clusters of themes into an exhaustion description; (6) established the

fundamental structure of the phenomenon identified by an unequivocal

statement; and (7) returned to interviewees for further information.

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CHAPTER 4

RESULT, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter discusses the result, analysis and interpretation of

data. It has been categorized by themes that derived from each

respondent’s responses. This served as evidence that supports the

study.

Table 01: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY PREGNANCY

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM CLUSTER THEMES EMERGENT

CODES THEMES

Broken family Poor parent and child PERSONAL

Lack of attention relationship ISSUES
Family problem

Peer pressure Bad company

Negative friends

Financial difficulties Lack of financial support

Lack of support

Compromised Education Inability to continue

Self-doubt education

Personal issue is a theme that discusses the factors associated

with our respondent’s early pregnancy. Teenagers’ personal dilemmas

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

such as having a poor relationship with their parents, being in a bad

circle of friends, lack of financial resources, and inability to study

are the main reasons we found that has the biggest contribution in our

teenage mother’s situation.

According to Macleod and Durrheim (2003), teenage pregnancy is a

social problem, associated with school disruption, poor obstetric

outcomes, inadequate motherhood, poor child outcomes, and poor

relationships with relatives, partners, and peers. Difficulties,

leading to demographic concerns about population growth. Adolescents’

likelihood of having unprotected sex, pregnancy and childbirth are

strongly correlated with several risk factors. These factors included

growing up in a single-parent household, living in a poor and/or high-

poverty neighborhood, poor school attachment and performance, and low

parental education levels (Moore, Miller et al. al. 1995). Life

experiences associated with poverty, exclusion from school, prevalence

of out-of-wedlock childcare and unemployment, lack of educational

opportunities, and secure career prospects reduce the perceived costs

of early motherhood; it has been reported to lead to an increase in

teenage pregnancies. Girls of lower socioeconomic status and early

onset of menarche have also been reported to be sexually active (Coley

and Chase-Lansdale, 1998). Based on this result, it can be argued that

socioeconomic factors may influence early sexual behavior in

teenagers, thereby increasing the likelihood of conception.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

Poor parent and child relationship hinders parental guidance and

involvement. Families have tremendous influence as a risk factor to

teenage pregnancy. Adolescents love attention; they usually seek

attention to others especially when they are being disregarded by

their parents. Parental guidance, attention and involvement to the

child most likely develop a mutual trust between parents and children

and it is easier for parents to guide and monitor their children as

their child will not hesitate to tell their problems, doings and

whereabouts. Broken family, family problems and lack of attention

leads to poor parent and child relationships that hinders parental

guidance and support.

According to Fergusson and Woodward (2000) they found that

adolescents living in vulnerable households, such as single-mother

households, families with conflicting parents, some parental

separation, and living with stepparents, were predisposing factors for

teenage pregnancy. As reported by Gyan (2013). Ferguson and Woodward,

(2000). And Tatta et al., (2003) reported that parental neglect and

absenteeism caused teenage pregnancies in Nzambani because the girls

had no role models or supervision.

PO1:“Kuwan dahil narin sa broken

family ako tapos yung pinag
stayan ko dati sa Solana
masyadong mapang api yung tipong
magagalit sila dun sa anak nila
ako yung nasasaktan kapag nakita
nila ako ako yung sasampalin
susuntukin mga ganun tapos

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siyempre bilang teenager din

meron yung rebelde na ugali yung
umiiral sa akin pagrerebelde
hanggang sa hindi ko na naano
yung temptation nabuntis ako
dahil lang sa pagrerebelde.”
(Because I belongto a broken
family, then the one I used to
live with in Solana is very
oppressive.For example, they will
get angry with their child and I
am the one who gets hurt when
they see me, I am the one who
will be slapped, will be punched
like that then of course as a
teenager there is also
therebellious act that exists in
me I got rebelled until I can no
longer control the temptation. I
got pregnant just because of
rebellion.)
PO3: “Lack of attention from my
family and I seek too much
atensyon sa ibang tao at so yun
nga po nagka jowa na ko feeling
ko sa kanya ko nakukuha lahat ng
atensyon not knowing na I got too
far ayun po attensyon nakulangan
ako doon.” (I was always
seekingattention from my family
and when I got a boyfriend, I got
all the attention I needed from
him.)
PO8: “Siguro yung nakikita kong
dahilan kaya ako maagang nabuntis
dahil sa family problem lagi ako
pinapagalitan ng aking ama ang
baba ng tingin niya sa akin. Kaya
noon bf ko na tumutulong sakin
para tumatag hanggang sa palagi
na kami nagsasama. Hanggang sa
may nangyari na saamin.” (Maybe
the reason I see why I got
pregnant early is because of a
family problem. My father always
scolds me. He underestimated me.
So, it was my bf who helped me to
be strong until we were always

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together.Until something happened

to us.)

Having a bad company or wrong set of friends leads a teenager in

developing unwanted behavior and disruptive choices in life. Peer

pressure and negative friends is one of the factors that our study

found associated with early pregnancy. Negative friends and peer

pressure motivates teenagers to engage in sexual behavior as this type

of friends is curious in a lot of things in the world including

premarital sex. They are lack in sexual knowledge and guidance, and

all they know is that sexual intercourse is something done by lovers.

They are promoting early dating and premarital sex but they are not

aware of it’s consequences.

Thus, Williams (1991), cited in a Ghanaian study by Gyan (2013),

found that adolescents are often engaged and dependent on peers for

information, resulting in discovering not factual information.

Similarly, teens tend to imitate their peers and may engage in

substance abuse, early risky sex, and more. Similarly, Orori and

Yusuna (2013), Mutanana and Mutara (2015), and her NCPD (2017) found

that as teens perceive and adapt to peer behavior, peer pressure can

affect her teenage years. Reported to be a contributing factor in

teenage pregnancies and substance abuse.

PO2: “Barkada dahil

naimpluwensyahan ako sa kanila.”
(My friends because of bad
influence.)
PO4: “Dahil sa barkada, tapos
family problem, tapos own problem

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

yung pagiging emotional mo ganon

then mga school activities din
po. Sa barkada po yun po yung
tinutkso tukso ka nila doon po
nagsisimula.” (It is because of
my friends family problems,
dealing with my own problems like
being emotional and school
activities too. It all started
when my friends were teasing me.)
PO6: “Barkada a iti kasta isu
ajay nabarkada nak idi syempre
boyfriend dim ammu ti anya ti
kasta na. Agnimun inum ka kasjay
agsigarilyo adjay ti way nan apay
nga kwa, nabarkada. Gamin idi
nawalay kami ag ob-overnight kami
agijay gamin idi iti kasta mi isu
nga kasta siguro napaaga nga
naging ina.” (I was in a group of
friends with our boyfriends then
I didn’t notice that. I’ve
already lost. I became too much.
We used to drink alcohol, smoke,
we go wherever we want, and
overnight sleep at friend’s house
I think that’s the reason why I
got pregnant early.)

Lack of financial support is also associated with early pregnancy

as poverty pushes teenagers to compromise their education and comfort

just to provide their needs or self sustaining. As teenagers having

difficulties in looking for financial support, they don’t have the

chance to continue their studies and end up having a family at a very

young age. Lack of financial support or difficulties are one of the

factors our respondents claimed that triggers them to engage in early

pregnancy.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

According to Macleod (1999), there seems to be a consensus among

researchers that poor socioeconomic status is the main cause of

adolescent pregnancy. In a longitudinal study of her teenage pregnancy

and educational attainment in New Zealand by Fergusson and Woodward

(2000), girls from poorer backgrounds were more likely to have their

teenage mothers than girls from financially stable backgrounds. Shown

to be at high risk. Similarly, a KDHS (2014) study found that the

majority of teenage mothers are from economically disadvantaged

quartiles. On the other hand, Timaeus & Moultrie (2015), in a

longitudinal study of adolescence, childbirth, and educational

attainment in South Africa, reported that girls were from poorer

backgrounds. Actively engaged in sexual relationships with men in the

hope that they would pay their school fees. Ikamari et al.,

(2013), UNFPA (2015), Ogori and Yusuna (2013), Mutanana and Mutara

(2014), and also Gyan (2013).

According to Robeyns’ (2005) Sen Capability Approach (CA), lack

of economic freedom leads to lack of the most basic needs such as

education, nutrition, health, and clothing, and increases the risk of

girls falling into teenage pregnancy and becoming parents.

PO1: “ako at tsaka yung partner

ko e is medyo mahirap. Naghihirap
kami kasi siyempre ako, wala kong
natapos yung partner ko grade 12
nayun diko pa alam kung makakapag
graduate, pero ngayon nasa
tuguegarao na siya nagwowork sana
nga lang makaaho kami kahit

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

papano. Si baby naman sa awa ng

diyos hindi nagkakasakit. Okay
naman masayang pamilya minsan nga
lang nagkakaproblema dahil lang
sa pinansiyal na support kasi
nagdadiaper yung baby ko tapos
madami rin kaming binabayaran na
bills kasi nga sa family nga po.
Ayun ang hirap hanapan ng kuwan
mga pinansyal kasi wala akong
trabaho yung partner ko naman no
10,25 ang swelduhan sa trabaho
kaya hirap hanapan ng
pagkukuhanan talaga ng pang
gastos.” (My family, my baby, me
and my partner are having
difficulties. We are having
difficulties because of course I
didn’t finish my studies, while
my partner is a grade 12 student
and I still don't know if he can
graduate, but now he's in
Tuguegarao and he's working
hoping we can get up somehow. The
baby, by the mercy of God, does
not get sick. It's okay, a happy
family but sometimes we're having
a problem because of financial
support, my baby uses diapers and
then we also pay a lot of bills
for the family. That's how hard
it is to find financial resources
because I don't have a job and my
partner receives his salary every
10th and 25th of the month and it
is really hard to find resources
to pay the expenses.) P03: “My
family is fine masaya naman kami
at kunteto ngunit wala nga lang
kami kapabilidad ng buhayin
ngayon ang sarili naming mga anak
kasi nag aaral pa po kami. Naka
depende kami ngayon sa mga
parents namin at sa mga iskolar,
kargo kami ng magulang ko.” (My
family is OK. We are happy that
we are contented but right now we
do not have the capability to

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

take care of our children because

we are still studying. We are
currently depending on our
parents and our scholarship; I
have 2 children already.)
PO8: “Kapag tungkol naman po sa
pinansyal sa buhay medyo
nagkakaproblema po kami kasi
napoproblemahan po kami sa
pambili ng gatas para sa baby
naming. Farmer at nagsasideline
rin po sa construction yung asawa
ko.” (About our financial status,
we are encountering problems
related to finances, we are
having difficulties in buying
milk formula for our baby. My
husband works as a farmer and at
the same time he works as a
construction worker too.)

Lack of financial support and self doubt is interconnected with

the cluster theme Inability to continue study. As teenagers who are in

low socioeconomic status set aside their education because of poverty

and low confidence to self. Inability of a teenager to attend school

prevents them to be educated on sexual practices and its outcome. It

also makes teenagers vulnerable to teenage pregnancy and has a high

probability that they would also end up raising their child into

poverty as they don’t have proper education that is vital in looking

for a decent job to live. Teenagers also experienced discrimination

and bullying which prevent them to attend school.

According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), teenage

girls in rural areas are at higher risk of becoming pregnant than

girls in urban areas. This is because teenage girls in rural areas

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

have only primary education, while girls in urban areas have better

education. Aside from academic factors, the report also says some

girls don’t know how to avoid pregnancy, while others are shy or

embarrassed to use contraceptives.

Ehlers (2003) found that adolescent women who were poor students

with low educational attainment were more likely to become young

mothers than women of the same age who had good grades.

PO4: “Noong una ate mahirap po,

mahirap sabihin sa mga tao, sa
school kasi yun yung takot na ma
judge ka yung mga rumors tapos
pwede ka nilang I bully ganon
mahirap din po yun mag o
overthink ka then na overcome ko
din po yun noong nag open po ako
sa teacher namin then yung
teacher po namin nag explain sa
mga classmates ko at yun okay na
din po pero may mga rumors pa
rin, may mga nambu bully pa rin.”
(I had struggles at the
beginning, it is not easy to tell
people my situation especially in
school because I’m scared I will
be judge by others and rumors are
spreading all over then students
have the chances to bully me,
another is I’m over thinking that
is why it is really hard but
eventually I overcome it, I open
my situation to my teacher and
she helped me to let my classmate
understand what I’m going
through, eventually it turn ok
but there were still rumors and
some bullying but I still
continue my studies.)
PO5: “Nasa middle class lang po
kami, hindi naman po kami

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

nagigipit.Meron pong tumutulong

samin, both parents po. Isang
beses lang po ako nagbuntis. Nag
stop po muna ako ako ng isang
taon pero itutuloy ko po.”
(Simple, we’re in the middle
class, and not short of money.
Someone is helping us, our both
parents. I only got pregnanct
once. I stopped going to school
for a year but I will continue.)
PO8: “Mahirap mag aral po ngayon
kasi modyul hindi ko kayang
pagsabayin kasi nag aalaga ako ng
bata. Hindi ko alam kung
kakayanin ko mag-aral.” (It is
hard to study now, we are having
our modules and I can’t do it at
the same time because I need to
take care of my baby. I don’t
know if I still can continue my
studies.)

Table 02: CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED AS A CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY PREGNANCY

STATEMENT OF THE CLUSTER THEMES EMERGENT

PROBLEM CODES THEMES

Taking care Managing difficulties as a ROUGH

Postpartum depression teenage mother ADJUSTMENT
Adjustment
Financial problem

Criticism Defying family and community

Separation criticism

Reasons for Rough Adjustment; In fact, a mother's ability to be a

mother is determined by how well she takes care of her child, meeting

all of their physical requirements and wants as well as providing the

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

necessary emotional and psychosocial support. The big life shift of

motherhood, a woman must balance personal wants at this time with

general concerns about her child's welfare. The optimal time to become

pregnant is when the woman is physically, emotionally, spiritually,

and financially ready, and it is obvious that adolescent mothers are

not. New mothers need to make many adjustments, including

physiological, sociological, and financial ones. The burden of

motherhood is placed on the teen at the height of her adolescent

enjoyment. The teen is then pressured to mature for the sake of her

child because she is still unprepared for the significant role she

will have to play.

Whether the pregnancies were anticipated or not, the majority of

adolescent moms had less time to prepare for and acclimate to

parenthood. Their capacity to handle the pressures of teenage

parenting and their lack of expertise in effective child rearing

techniques hurt their emotional health. This is due to the expectation

that stress will raise the risk of depression, anxiety, and other

emotional issues (Yahya, 2016).Women are more vulnerable and face

tremendous challenges in the transition to motherhood. This is

exacerbated for young mothers, and research shows that growing mothers

experience the burden of responsibility as they become mothers.

(International Journal of Nursing Science, 2019)

It's difficult work being a parent. It's even tougher to raise a

child in your teens. Among the most difficult things most individuals

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

will ever do in their lifetime are raising a child, beginning a job,

discovering who they are, and going to school. Can you even begin to

conceive experiencing each of these simultaneously? Do these folks

receive the support they require when it comes to providing for the

virtually constant feeding, bathing, and caring of children? If you're

a teen parent, you could have to deal with some unique difficulties,

such as trying to finish school while caring for a child, your

financial situation, the possibility that you'll have postpartum

depression, and your ability to adjust. If these adolescent mothers

are well-equipped with the knowledge necessary to properly care for

their newborn, Being a mother to a newborn is quite difficult since

the baby has many demands that must be satisfied for healthy

development. The mother must attend to the infant's needs in order for

the baby to develop healthily, including regular feedings, diaper

changes, immunizations, newborn screenings, and reacting to the baby's

cries. Ineffectiveness was one of the biggest issues teenage mothers

had to deal with. They are dependent on others because they lack the

knowledge and abilities necessary for a successful parental role. Many

teen mothers lacked the knowledge necessary to assume responsibility

for caring for themselves and their children. A teen woman's life may

change as a result of an unintended pregnancy. Teen moms have to deal

with adolescence and adjust to the responsibilities and demands of

parenting all at once, which is why they develop mental health

problems, particularly postpartum. This places her in a position where

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

she is responsible not only for herself but also for the life of

another human being. Financial problem might go beyond simply not

being able to cover the ongoing costs of raising a kid. Many teenage

moms are unable to complete their schooling, which lowers their

potential lifetime income. Additionally, for a variety of reasons,

their offspring frequently does poorly academically as well and may

experience financial hardship as they grow older. However, teen

motherhood is not a death sentence, just like any other form of

adolescent risk-taking, and it is possible for teen mothers to

overcome financial obstacles. Teenage mothers face difficulties in

their abilities to adjust to their new parental position.

Young people who face motherhood in their teens may experience a

conflict between their new motherhood and their teenage needs. Early

motherhood experiences are contextual and influenced by the culture

and society in which the teen/woman lives (Moore, Miller et al. 1995).

Teenage pregnancy remains a major challenge in both developed and

developing countries. Premature and unwanted pregnancies among

adolescents have adverse health, educational, social and economic

consequences. (Joyce N. Mummer, 2019).

PO1: “Ano yung pag aalaga kay

baby simula sa noong panganganak
kasi walang nakagabay na parents
sakin yung mama ko nasa abroad
yung tipong magpapaligo ka kay
baby wala si mama walang matanda
sa tabi ko. Yung ako lang tapos
yung pagpupuyat sa gabi
pagpapadede yung kapag

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

nagkakasakit si baby parang isa

lang yung nakikita ng biyenan mo
kasalanan mo ganun. tapos Basta
kapag may sakit si baby laging
hindi mawawala sa sitwasyon na
ikaw yung nasisisi kapag
nagkakasakit yung anak mo yung
lang.” (Taking care of my baby
since birth because there are no
parents to guide me, my mother is
in abroad, the experience where
you bathe the baby and there is
no mother to assist me. There is
no adult beside me. I'm the only
one who wakes up at night, feeds
the baby. when the baby gets
sick, it's like my mother -in law
sees only one thing, it's my
fault like that then Just when
the baby is sick you always don't
get lost in the situation where
you are the one to blame when
your child gets sick.)
PO2: “Pag-aalaga ng bata syempre
ang hirap mag alaga lalo na pag
bata pa siya hindi niya alam
sabihin kung ano masakit sa
kaniya.”(Taking care of a child
of course, it is hard especially
that they don't know how to
describe how they feel when they
get sick.)
PO4: “Yung pag-aalaga po ng baby,
yung time mo sa baby tapos time
mo as a housewife, then time mo
sa partner ang hirap po mag
budget ng time kasi minsan
umiiyak na yung bata nasusunog na
pala yung niluluto mo ganon tapos
pag gabi rin pag may tae po siya
ang hirap pong bumangon.” (Taking
care of my baby, I need to divide
my time for being a housewife and
time for the baby too. It’s
really hard to manage the time
especially when my baby is crying
and then you have to look into
the overcooked rice. And also

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

when the baby pooped during the

night and I have to wake up, it’s
really hard.) PO8: “Mga hamon na
dumating sakin bilang isang
batang ina di ko alam kung pano
mag alaga, mag-paligo ng bata,
damitan tapos mayroong isa pa na
pinakahamon na walang wala kaming
pangbili ng gatas wala kaming
kapera pera noon yun yung mga
hamon na dumating sa amin.” (The
challenge that I encountered
being a teenage mother is I dont
know how to take care of the
baby, bathing the baby, and even
putting the clothes, another
struggle in our life that time is
we don’t have money to buy
formula milk for our baby.)
PO4: “Sa panganay ko po ay pinaka
hamon sakin noon is postpartum
depression I think kasi masyado
ako kung nag ooverthink,mabilis
ako kung magalit, mabilis akong
magselos sa maliliit na bagay
pati po sa biyenan ko yung parang
simple lang na pagkuha sa anak ko
pakiramdam ko kinukuha nila yung
oras ko para sa anak ko dun ko
napagtanto na hindi na normal
yung pinagdadaanan ko na parang
may mali kaya nag research ako na
nag research at yun pala nasa Im
under na pala ako ng postpartum
depression at naging pala away
rin ako noon.” (I experienced
postpartum depression with my
eldest. I was constantly
overthinking. I just angry
easily, jealous and when my
mother in law took the baby I
felt like the time that I am
spending with my baby is not
enough. I realized that it wasn't
right so is researched and found
out I am experiencing postpartum
depression.) PO6: “Nu kasanu ka
nga talaga kasanu ngata ti

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

pangalak ti kastuy pang araw-araw

kasjay. Single mother nak pay.
Satingin ko haan pay suna handa
agkaroon ti anak/pamilya idi.
Syak lang tumagtagayod ti anak
ko. Ti pinagalga medyo nalag an
met.” (Where I can get the daily
needs. I am also a single mother.
I think my exboyfriend is not yet
ready to have a child/family. I’m
the only one supporting my child
and in terms of taking care of my
child it’s a bit easy.)
PO7: “Dim ammo nu pangalam ti
pang gatas mo kasjay, kin tapos
ket kasla ajay mabain ka met ti
nagannak mo nga Siyempre umasasa
nak, kin siyempre nu pinasok mo
ajay nga stado a ke dapat ready
kan kin agpamilya ka garuden
siyrempre hanmo kuma iaasa ti
nagannak mon ajay ti nagrigat.”
(That is when you do not know
where you will get money to
provide milk to your child.
Another is I’m ashamed of my
parents because I’m depending on
them. And of course if you chose
to enter this kind of situation
you must be ready already to
provide for your own family and
you must not depend on your
family anymore because you
already have your own family to
provide.) PO5: “Yun po, uhm
mahirap pong mag adjust kasi mga
puyat mga sleepless nights po
ganunn.” (That it is hard to
adjust, because of the sleepless
nights.)

Teens everywhere have to deal with a variety of difficult choices

and issues, thus the second cluster is Defying family and community

criticism since it feels like everyone is against them and that they

are on their own. Families and the community at large reacted to the

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

pregnancy in a variety of ways, from anger and disappointment to

abandonment, the quiet treatment, acceptance, and forgiveness. Teenage

pregnancy is typically unanticipated, and as a result, different

people react to it. The teen must adjust to the sudden demands of

adulthood and, in some situations, may also have to deal with the

rejection and discontent of close family members, friends, and

classmates. While some partners of adolescent mothers were content and

supportive during their pregnancies, others were in denial and

rejected them and the child.

Teenage pregnancy is typically unplanned, and as a result, people

react differently to the experience. The adolescent must deal with the

unexpected demands of adulthood, as well as the disapproval and

dissatisfaction expressed by significant others such as parents and

relatives. Several studies found that teenage mothers felt sad,

disappointed, shocked, and depressed after their pregnancies were

confirmed. According to a study conducted by Parekh and De la Rey

(1997), most teenagers initially denied the pregnancy before informing

their parents, who, in most cases, received the news with anger and

disappointment. The following quote from a study by Kaplan (1996)

demonstrates some of the typical reactions of parents of teenage

mothers: She asked me if I was going to keep it [baby], who the father

was, and where I was going to live. I told her that I was staying. And

she inquired, "How do you know I want you here?" I've already raised

my children. Some of the participants in Mpetshwa‟s (2000) study

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

reported having experienced a lot of ill treatment from their family

members, especially their parents who felt betrayed by their children

falling pregnant. It is evident from the above studies that

confirmation of pregnancy in the case of a teenager triggers different

negative reactions by the teenagers and their significant others. In

most cases the teenager concerned and her family find it difficult to

accept the pregnancy. It is these negative responses to the pregnancy

that could lead toSocial rejection, on the other hand, means that

others have little incentive to accept you into their friendships and

communities (Leary, 2010). The likelihood that an adolescent mother's

life and goals are adversely affected is reduced by an accepting and

supportive attitude towards her mother (Hermann, 2006).

PO6: “Maysa pay nga pagsubok ko

idi nagsina kami kin boyfriend
ko, nagrigat lalo nu kasinsina yo
ket adda sigud na. ajay ti hanko
matanggap idi. Ngem idi pinanawan
na kami ket agmaysa bulan tay
anak ko agasem man ajay.”
(Another challenge is when I get
separated from my partner, it is
hard especially when we were just
separated and he already has
another woman. I cannot accept
that during that time. He left
when my child was nearly a month
old.)
PO7: “Siyempre sa tutuusin ket
anya la maibagbaga dagiti
kaklasmeyt mi idi barkada kon
nagsyaat met atuyen hanko met.
Panpanunutek met idi ke
napatpateg jay anak ko. Baba yak

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

lattan idin ta siyempre kunak

garud ke han kayo kuma met
agdildillaw ta han yo met ammo nu
inya iti masakbayan yo kasjay ti
inbagak kanyada. Su ajay bay
bayak lattan idin nu ana maibag
baga da.” (There are the side
comments of my friends and
classmates about me, but I just
thought about my child thet she
is more important. I just let
them say whatever they want to
say, and I just said that maybe
they must not say something like
that because we don’t know the
future. I just ignore their
words.

Table 03: COPING TO CHALLENGES

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM CLUSTER THEMES EMERGENT THEMES

CODES

Family support Plenty support system ENHANCE

Caring friends and CONNECTIONS
classmates
Good communication
Facing it whole-
Heartedly
Concerned siblings
Parental guidance

Pray to god Strengthening faith

Have faith

Pregnancy is a very important time for women who need social and

emotional support. Especially when a woman gets pregnant in her

teenage years when her overall development is immature, a time when

women are very vulnerable. Improving the connection with God and their

family and friends is a coping mechanism for respondents. They rely on

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

them to help them deal with their situation and coordinate the

necessary actions. Social support reduces stressors and improves the

emotional and physical health of pregnant women.

In order to manage the stresses of adolescent growth and maternal

responsibilities, many adolescent moms may benefit from social aid

(Hess, Papas, & Black, 2002). Social support has been demonstrated to

improve parents' health while also assisting parents in coping with

the demands of parenthood (Letourneau, Stewart, & Barnfather, 2004).

To discover the relevance and importance of spirituality in the lives

of 130 pregnant teenage women. A study of how spirituality positively

impacted her pregnancy is described. In a content analysis of those

who responded positively, the data identified six her themes that

explained the importance of beliefs or spirituality during pregnancy.

(a) Advice and Assistance. (b) protect, bless or reward; (c)

Communication with God. (d) Strength and confidence. (e) help with

difficult moral decisions; (f) General Beneficial Effects. These

findings demonstrate the importance of addressing spirituality as a

resource during pregnancy and are to further explore the importance of

spirituality during pregnancy for those who value spirituality.

(Journal of Holistic nursing 25 (3),

151-158, 2007)
This cluster theme explains that one of the coping mechanisms of

the respondents during their transition to motherhood was relying on

their family and friends. They shared their thoughts and how they felt

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

and listened to the advice they gave to them. With this kind of coping

mechanism they are relieved from anxiety and stress that may later

have an impact on them and to their children.

There is evidence that some adolescent mothers may use their teen

pregnancy and motherhood experiences as motivation to complete their

education so that they and their child can have a better future. One

of these experiences is social support, which is defined as "a coping

resource that may be called upon to promote resiliency and cope with

the responsibilities of new motherhood" (Letourneau, Stewart, &

Barnfather, 2004, p. 515). There are several ways to support the

programs, including through family, peers, support materials, and

intervention-enabling circumstances (Hess, Papas, & Black, 2002;

Letourneau, Stewart, & Barnfather, 2004). Social support has been

demonstrated to improve parents' health while also assisting parents

in coping with the demands of parenthood (Letourneau, Stewart, &

Barnfather, 2004). Teenage mothers may exhibit greater resiliency due

to improved social support from friends, family, school, and the

community as well as a change in their hopes and goals as they enter

adulthood, leading to more concrete educational and professional

objectives (Camarena, Minor, Melmer, & Ferrie, 1998;

Smithbattle, 2007).

PO3: “With the help of my

classmates and friends ko naman
po naovercome ko naman po yung
silent battle ko.”(My friends and
classmates helped me get through

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

that.) PO5: “uhm, hinarap ko po

ito ng buo, kasama narin po iyong
mga sinasabi/advice ng mga
magulang at kaibigan.”(I faced it
wholeheartedly, together with my
parents and friend’s advices.)
PO8: “Tinulungan ako ng aking
magulang tinuruan kung paano mag
alaga tapos di naman ako
pinapabayaan ng aking magulang at
lumapit ako sa Diyos at nagdasal
ako na tulungan mo po ako para
harapin ang mga pagsubok sa buhay
bilang isang pagiging ina.”(My
parents taught me to take care of
my baby, they did not neglect me
and ask help from above, I prayed
to God to help me overcome all
the struggles of being a teenage
mother.)

Seeking spiritual support was the other way of coping mechanism

by the respondents. As they adapt to the world of motherhood, they

face criticism and judgments. Asking support and guidance to God was

their way to deal with their problems and to lessen the stress and

pressure they feel.

In a study about coping mechanisms of expectant and parenting

mothers conducted in Zambia with 27 respondents, both adaptive and

maladaptive approaches have been described as a means of coping,

including fending off depression, helping family, friends, and other

members of the community, confessing one's sins to God, focusing on

the future of one's own and the child, and denying pregnancy or

maternity. Conclusion: Due to unfulfilled requirements related to

adolescence and childbearing, pregnant and parenting teenagers

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

experienced a variety of unfavorable interactions as they transitioned

from youth to adulthood and motherhood (Mumba Lombe et. al, 2018).

PO1: “Ano lang kay God, siyempre

nagpre pray lang po kay God
nilalagay ko lang lahat ng hamon kay
God tapos si baby. Si baby yung
nagiging lakas ko kapag sobrang
pagod nako sukong suko nako si baby
nalang. Parang yung minsan gabi gabi
umiiyak ako gusto ko nalang na gusto
ko nalang mawala. Pero naiisip ko
may baby pala ako e. araw araw may
depression ako pero nilalabanan ko
kasi may baby ako yun po.” (Of
course, I just prayed to God, I just
put all the challenges to God and
then the baby. My baby is my
strength, when I'm so very tired, I
just think of my baby. It's like
when sometimes I cry every night, I
just want to disappear. But I always
think I have a baby. I have
depression every day but I fight it
because I have a baby. that's all.)
PO2: “Pray lang, sige lang sa hamon
ng buhay dahil hindi mo naman ito
matatakasan alangan naman na
ipalaglag ko blessing yun. Tsaka sa
tulong po ng mga magulang ko sila
yung tumulong sa akin noong buntis
ako.” (Keep on praying. That's how
life is, just go on with life's
challenges because you can’t escape
it. I didn't want to abort because
for me he/she is a blessing. I am
grateful my parents are there for me
when I was pregnant.)
PO7: “Agkarkararag nak lang kasjay,
nga italek ko latta kanyanan nga
hanna kami baybayan uray nagsina
kami ajay ama ti anak kon ket
inkarkararag ko lattan nga hanna
kami baybay an. Adda met da mamang
nga sumop suporta nu agkurkurang
kasjay.”(I’m just praying, having
faith in our Lord that he will not
let us suffer even though I got
separated from the father of my
child I still pray to the lord to
look into us. And I still have my

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

supportive parents in time of

crisis.)

Table 04: LESSONS LEARNED FROM EXPERIENCES

STATEMENT OF THE CLUSTER THEMES EMERGENT THEMES

PROBLEM CODES

Giving birth and Transition to motherhood GREAT

labor RESPONSIBILITY
Giving birth
Pregnancy

Bullying Bullying and social

Discrimination discrimination

Obey parents Strengthening communication

Approach parents in with love ones
any problems
Do not seek attention
to others
Prioritize studies

Think before you act Hardship of teenage

Don't rebel parenting
Avoid early marriage
Maternal difficulties

Teenage mothers have faced many challenges and struggles in their

lives, and they have learned that being a mother is not easy.

Parenting as a teenager comes with great responsibilities, including

properly caring for your baby, dealing with people's critical

attitudes, and completing education. Our respondents stated that they

learned finishing school or prioritizing college is essential,

strengthening relationships with parents, learning to be responsible

and making decisions were very important.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

Teenage Pregnancy remains a major challenge in both developed and

developing countries. Premature and unwanted pregnancies among

adolescents have adverse health, educational, social and economic

consequences. (Joyce N. Mummer, 2019)

Social rejection, on the other hand, means that others have

little incentive to accept you into their friendships and communities

(Leary, 2010). The likelihood that an adolescent mother's life and

goals are adversely affected is reduced by an accepting and supportive

attitude towards her mother (Hermann, 2006).

According to (Mercy and Adunola) argued that immediate family

influences decisions to remain sexually abstinent or become sexually

active. They added that the lack of relationships with parents and the

lack of information about sexual issues allowed outside forces to

become sexually active. Because most parents work to meet the needs of

their families, they rarely discuss sex education with their children.

Adolescents transition to teenage motherhood,The first stage is

confirmed pregnancy to childbirth. Experiencing fear,

denial, shock,Difficulties from labor and guilt, but some of them feel

happy when they hear their baby's first cry.

According to the International Journal of Nursing Science, 2019

Women are more vulnerable and face tremendous challenges in the

transition to motherhood. This is exacerbated for young mothers, and

54
MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

research shows that growing mothers experience the burden of

responsibility as they become mothers.

PO1: "Noong naipanganak ko yung

baby noong narinig ko yung unang
iyak niya yon hindi ko
makakalimutan.” (Giving birth, I
labored for 9 hours and it was
very painful. I just wanted to
lie down; I also wanted to lie on
the cold floor. Then when I gave
birth to the baby when I heard
his first cry that is the moment
I will never forget.)
PO3: "Ang hindi ko makakalimutan
is ano ay yung araw na nagpa
ultrasound na ko at naconfirm ko
nga nabuntis na ko then kahit na
pumasok ako tulala ako sa school
at bigla bigla nalang iiyak tapos
the guilt is too much kaya hindi
ko rin alam kung anong gagawin ko
tapos nasira rin po yung
relationship ko with my mother
ilang buwan niya rin akong hindi
kinausap tapos si papa tinakwil
niya ko sa bahay since noong
nalaman na buntis ako nag stay na
po ako sa mga in laws ko hanggang
ngayon pero ok na po kami ngayon
ng mga magulang ko.”(The day I
won't forget is the day that I
got an ultrasound and confirmed
that I am pregnant. Even though I
went to school I was absent
minded and always cried. I didn't
know what to do. My mother didn't
talk to me for months. My father
didn't permit me to go home so I
stayed at my mother in law's
house but now we are OK with each
other.)
PO6: “Adjay lang talaga kwa jay
aglabor ka lang talaga adjay kuma
kayam mu nga aramiden isu lang
kayat mu nga aramiden kasjay nu
madim kaya madim lattan kasjay

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

lang, makasangit dim ammu nu anya

ububraem nu idi aglabor nakon
kayat ku ulyen idi kwa idin tapnu
maikkat lang sakit na adjay lang
talaga ti pinaka memorable ku
kasta nga talaga. Ay sobra ti
kastak sobra met ti ayat ku a ta
syempre dinaladalam iti 9 months
tapos finally makitam met lang
masilayam met langen adjay
kinarkargam iti 9 months kasla ka
pay ma kwaan nu makitam iti anak
mu.”(The most memorable
experience during my pregnancy is
laboring, those things that I can
do that's the only things I will
do. If I can't do it. I wouldnt
do it. It's tearful when you dont
know what to do. When I
experience labor I want to climb
everywhere to get rid of the pain
and when I deliver my baby I am
very happy because I carried it
in my womb for 9 months and
finally I saw her.)
PO8: "Hindi ko rin po makalimutan
yung paglabas ng baby ko kasi yun
yung una na di ko maipaliwanag
yung nararamdaman ko. Hindi ko
mapaliwanag kung masaya ba ko mix
emotion.”(I can't forget when my
baby came out because that was
the first time I couldn't explain
my feelings. I can't explain if
I'm happy, mix emotion.)

Teenage pregnancy is defined not only as an experience of

physical body changes but also as the embodiment of social norms,

discourses, conflict, and moral judgment. There is growing concern

about the psychosocial challenges that adolescent mothers face. Many

of them have been bullied and discriminated against by society, family

and friends.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

According to Mpetshwa findings, focusing on seven teenage mothers

found that community members tended to have a wide range of negative

reactions to pregnant teenagers. Some members of the community were

more shocked, while others gossiped about the teens' parents. was even

refused. For many of her teenage parents, a variety of environmental

and behavioral risks contribute to the upbringing of their children.

PO4: “Unang una po si yung

pambubully, yun lang naman po.
Hindi naman po nahirapan
manganak, hindi wala rin po akong
pinaglihian, mainit din po ulo ko
pero minsan minsan lang
po.”(First of all, when I deal
with bullying, that's all. I
didnt have any difficulties when
I delivered my baby, and also
during my pregnancy but once in a
while I'm cranky.)
PO5: “Marami po, pero iyong
minsan po napapadaan kami sa
labas, halos lahat ng tao
nakatingin sa amin. Minsan din
po, may nakasalubong din kaming
mga teachers namin noon. Pero
never kong ikinahiya iyong
nangyari sa amin.” (A lot, but
one time when we passed by
outside, most of the people there
were staring at us.
Sometimes, we bump into our old
teachers but I am never ashamed
of what happened to us.)
PO8: “Siguro yung pangungutya ng
mga tao. Yung pinagtsitsimisan
parang hindi nagaral yung
ginagawa ko. Nakipagligawan o bf
lang ganun."(Maybe it's people's
ridicule. They gossip about ita
like I didn't study. dating or
just having boyfriend like that.)

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

This focuses on the important changes arising in the context of

pregnancy and motherhood. The teenage mothers realized that it is

important to communicate their needs and problems to their parents,

prioritize studies and don't seek attention from others. Most of them

also learned that obeying their parents prevents them from getting

into the wrong course of life.

Parents played an important role in shaping their children's

values as a result of their relationship with each other. Parents'

beliefs, feelings, principles, and behaviors can be passed on to their

children. improved parent-child relationship quality significantly

reduced the likelihood of female participants being ambivalent about

their pregnancy. (Grissete)

PO2:"Sundin ang mga

magulang"(Always trust and follow
your parents)
PO3:“Kung kailangan mo ng
atensyon ng parents mo ng ganun
katindi, siguro kailangan mo lang
silang i approach knowing parents
kasi ngayong alam ko na ngayong
magulang na ko mahirap talagang
hatiin ang oras mo para sa sarili
mo, para sa anak mo, pagkita ng
pera and lalo na sakin sa pag
aaral kaya kung kailangan mo ng
ganung katinding oras at atensyon
ng pamilya mo I approach sila and
huwag mong hanapin yung atensyon
na hindi nila naibibigay kasi sa
sooner or later ay pagsisihan mo
yun. May mga bagay kang
makakalimutan, at may mga bagay
na hindi mo magagawa dahil dun.”
(If you want the attention of
your parents, just approach them

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

and tell them how you feel

because now I know that managing
time for yourself and your
children is very hard especially
when you are trying to earn money
and trying to study, just
approach your parents. Don't seek
the attention you crave from them
into others because in the end
you will regret it. There are
things you will forget and things
you cannot do because of it.)
PO4: "Ang gusto ko lang sabihin
sa mga kabataan ngayon is mag-
aral muna sila. Mas maganda pag
yung parents nila sundin nila
yung sinasabi ng parents nila
kasi makakabuti talaga yun hindi
dahil strict sila magrerebelde
kana hindi yun tama kasi gusto
lang naman ng parents natin na
makakabuti yung kaya sila
nagiging strict sa atin kasi para
sa atin din yun tapos masasabi ko
pa mag focus muna na lang muna
sila sa pag aaral kahit maraming
boys dyan na nagpapakilig sa
kanila or nag se set ng
commitment hayaan na muna nila
yon kasi yung love makakapag-
antay for the right time.”(I
wanted to tell all youth that
they should prioritize their
studies first. To obey their
parents because parents know what
is best for their children, if
they are strict it’s not right to
be rebellious, it is because they
only want what is best for us.
They should focus first in their
studies and don’t mind the boys
or even their words of
commitment, ignore them because
love can wait for the right
time.)
PO6: “Ti maibagak lang ket mayat
ti agbalasang nu ma ipapas mu. Ti
kayat ku lang met nga I share ket

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

agbasa nga masayaat tapnu iti

kasta ket matungtong tayo iti
kayat tayo ta haan tayu nga
magrigrigat narigat nga agbirok
ti trabahu lalo nu di ka
nakagradwar narigat ti awan adal
na lalo nu agpamilya kan syempre
nu haan ka nakaadal awan met
nasayaat nga trabahu I share ku
lang nga agbasa nga nasayaat
tapnu ti kasta kht maka graduar
makaala ti napintas nga trabaho
tapnu han marigatan t biag.”(All
I can say is that it's good to be
a maiden, especially when you
enjoy it. I just want to share or
give a lesson to everyone that
you must study hard so that you
can achieve what you want in life
and it will not be difficult to
find a job. It's hard if you’re
not graduated, especially if you
have your own family because if
you don't graduate there's no
good job either. Again, study
hard so that it is easy for you
to have a good job.)
PO8: "Mag-aral muna kayo habang
may pagasa kayong makapagaral
para balang araw makakahanap kayo
ng magandang trabaho para sa
inyong pamilya. Sabi nga nila
think before you click.” (Study
first while you still have the
chance to continue your studies
so that in the future you will
get into nice job for your
family. As they say think first
before you click.)

It focuses on lessons learned from their experiences. Struggling

as parents, they faced the consequences of what they had done,

including new roles, increased expenses, heavy responsibilities, and

maternal difficulties. They recommend that young people who make

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

studying a priority, think about their actions, DO not rebel and rush

in love.

Young people who face motherhood in their teens may experience a

conflict between their new motherhood and their teenage needs. Early

motherhood experiences are contextual and influenced by the culture

and society in which the teen/woman lives (Moore, Miller et al. 1995).

Teenage pregnancy also affects a girl’s educational and earning

potential. Many girls are forced to drop out of school, ultimately

jeopardizing their futures and economic prospects (UNFPA).

PO1: “Yung ano wag hahayaan na

yung pagrerebelde yung nangunguna
ang dapat isipin na lang muna
nila isipin muna natin yung bawat
kilos may consequences. isang
maling kilos mo lang mabigat na
consequences yung kapalit niya
kaya bilang teenage mom gusto ko
sa mga teenagers ngayon lalo na’t
siyempre napag daanan ko rin yung
pagiging marupok ganon nalang wag
nalang puro ano iniisip. "(Don’t
let rebellion take the lead, they
should just think first, let's
think first that every action has
consequences. just a wrong move
of yours a serious consequence is
the change, so as a teenage mom,
I like teenagers now to know,
especially since of course I’ve
also gone through being fragile,
so just don’t focus on
rashness and incontinence.)
PO2: "huwag mag asawa ng maaga
kasi mahirap ito lalo na kung
walang ka pang sapat na kaalaman
para mag-alaga ng bata at wala
rin sapat ng pera na pangtustos
sa anak"(Don't get married early.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

Life is hard; taking care of a

baby is not an easy thing
especially when you do not have
enough knowledge and money to buy
everything, she/he needs.)
PO4: “Yung una po natutunan ko,
hindi pala madaling ang magkaroon
ng family at the age of 18 ganon
or less then lalo na pag wala
yung mama mo dito na tutulong sa
iyo yung kayo kayo lang mahirap
talaga doon mo ma re realize na
mahirap magpalaki ng bata,
mahirap magkaroon ng pamilya,
mahirap kung saan kikitain ang
pera, mahirap as in mahirap na
mahirap. Hmmm, Ultimo self mo
hindi mo siya maalagaan, hindi
kana rin makapag suklay puro na
lang sa baby, sa family, sa
gawaing bahay. "(First is, it’s
not easy to have your own family
at the age of 18 or even younger
especially when your mother is
not around to help or guide you.
It is really hard when you do it
by yourself. At that point you
will realize that it is not easy
to raise a child, it’s hard to
have your family when you’re not
ready, it’s not easy to find
money, and it’s really hard. You
can’t even take care of yourself
already, not even to brush your
own hair, all your time and
attention is focused only on the
baby.) PO5: “Marami po akong mga
aral na natutunan, pero ito
nalang po iyong sasabihin ko.
Mahirap po maging isang batang
ina, pero at the same time
napakasaya kasi nakikita mo iyong
anak mo na bunga ng pagkakamali
mo. Uhm maraming mga pagsubok ang
mapagdadaanan mo, pero worth it
lahat ng iyon kasi may anak ka sa
tabi mo na alam mong nagmamahal
sayo. Hindi ko naman sinasabi na

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

mag asawa na kayo, pero iba din

talaga kapag nakapag tapos kana
mas magandang mag aral muna bago
mag asawa.” (I have learned a
lot, but this is all I'm going to
share/say. It is hard to be a
young mother/teenage mother, but
at the same time it is very happy
because you can see your baby
which is the result of your
mistake. You will face a lot of
challenges, but it is all worth
it. Because you have your baby
next to you, which you know loves
you very much. I'm not saying
that you must get married now,
because it is still different if
you already finished your
studies, it is still the best to
study first before getting
married/having your own family.)
PO7: “Ajay lang, ajay dapat nu
agaramid da ti desisyon ket
hanlang nga mamin sangapulo da
nga panunuten dapat mamin
sangaribo. Kin maysa nga banag
nu, once nga inaramid mo takderam
han mo nga ipaikkat dapat
takderan da. Kin maysa handa kuma
paylang agay ayat ti pirme kasi
nu once nga mainlove ka ti pirme
hanka makaadal nu kasjay. Dapat
ket agibati ka latta ti sarilim
tapnu hanka maibusan pagdating ti
panahon kasjay lang.” (If they
will make a decision in life,
they should not just think ten
times, but they should think for
a thousand times rather. And
another thing, once you’ve done
something, take a stand on it. Do
not try to get rid of your
problems in a convenient way,
instead be responsible and take a
stand. Last thing doesn’t fall in
love too much. Because once you
fall in love deeply, you will not
be able to finish your studies.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

You must learn how to spare love

for yourself, for you not to feel
empty when the time comes.)

Table 05: OUTCOMES OF EARLY PREGNANCY

STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM CODES CLUSTER THEMES EMERGENT THEMES

Good mother Acceptance of YOUNG MOTHER'S

Full time mother parenting role ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Social appearance and Personal concept of

behavior self
Flexible
Hardworking

Motherhood is a vital and crucial component in every woman's life

and is seen as being essential to a woman's identity. But It has been

determined that teenage motherhood, which occurs at a crucial

developmental moment in teens' lives, has negative social and health

effects. However, as was evident from our respondents' interviews,

they recognized their obligations and accepted the costs of their

acts. Nevertheless, they chose to take a stand in the most important

life decisions because they had a positive perspective of themselves

and acknowledged their parental responsibilities. Thus this theme

explains that teenage mothers after giving birth still have a positive

perception of themselves.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

They are proud to describe themselves, accept their flaws and

face all their consequences, they believe that they are unique, and

did not feel that they are less human even at the young age they

became a mother.

Future healthcare interventions for adolescent mothers during the

transitional period should aim to provide social support and the

increased ability of adolescent mothers to manage the physical and

psychological challenges of young motherhood and enhance new mothers'

knowledge about caring for babies. (Lisa McKenna, et. al, 2019)

Contemporary conceptions of self-esteem emphasize the person’s

acceptance by self and others, the evaluation of performance, social

comparison, and the efficacy of individual action as the important

roots of self-esteem. The discourse of self-esteem enables the

person’s understanding of individuality versus community, striving for

success versus self-acceptance, or the quest for happiness as a future

state versus contentment with one’s present lot.

In terms of subsequent research, there is evidence that some

adolescent mothers may use their teen pregnancy and motherhood

experiences as motivation to complete their education so that they and

their child can have a better future. One of these experiences is

social support, which is defined as "a coping resource that may be

called upon to promote resiliency and cope with the responsibilities

of new motherhood" (Letourneau, Stewart, & Barnfather, 2004, p.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

515). Spear (2004) conducted a 12-year follow-up study with two

adolescent mothers to see if their views on early childbearing had

changed since the previous study.

Acceptance of a parenting role is one of the most difficult

decisions a teenage mother can make. The changes that they have to

sacrifice in order to play their new role as a parent. Young mothers

had the difficulty meeting all their responsibili-ties and transition

in becoming a mother; hence they are still incapable and unstable

emotionally, mentally and physically. But behind all these

difficulties, they accepted their parenting role, embraced motherhood

and took actions in nurturing their little one, as was shown in the

responses of our respondents they took responsibility for their

actions.

One of these experiences is social support, which is defined as

"a coping resource that may be called upon to promote resiliency and

cope with the responsibilities of new motherhood" (Letourneau,

Stewart, & Barnfather, 2004, p. 515). There are several ways to

support the programs, including through family, peers, support

materials, and intervention-enabling circumstances (Hess, Papas, &

Black, 2002; Letourneau, Stewart, & Barnfather, 2004). Social support

has been demonstrated to improve parents' health while also assisting

parents in coping with the demands of parenthood (Letourneau, Stewart,

& Barnfather, 2004). Teenage mothers may exhibit greater resiliency

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

due to improved social support from friends, family, school, and the

community as well as a change in their hopes and goals as they enter

adulthood, leading to more concrete educational and professional

objectives (Camarena, Minor, Melmer, & Ferrie, 1998; Smithbattle,

2007).

PO1: “Maano akong mother ano to…

mabait akong mother, ako ay
maalalahanin sa aking 1 year old
na anak. siya ay baby boy” (In
terms of being a mother, I am a
caring mother. I have a baby boy
and he is already One year old.)
PO2: “Uhm sa ngayon po isa akong
full time mom and kasama ko po
iyong boyfriend ko sa
pagtataguyod sa aming kaisa isang
anak. Uhm upang mas maalagaan
siya ng mabuti napag desisyonan
kong huminto muna sa pagaaral
pero papasok narin po ako this
next school year.” (For now, I'm
a full time mom and I'm with my
boyfriend in supporting our only
child. I decided to stop studying
for a while to take care of my
baby, but I will continue my
studies this next school year.)
PO6: “Bilang isang batang ina
masasabi kong mahirap kasi
napapabayaan ko ang aking sarili
pati nga ang pagligo di ko magawa
pati ang pagsusuklay. Hindi ko
naayos ang aking sarili gigising
ako sa hating gabi para magtimpla
ng gatas ng baby ko at gigising
ako ng maaga sobrang hirap talaga
maging isang maagang ina pero
worth it kasi naalis ang pagod
kapag nakikita ko ang aking anak.
Ugali ko bilang isa ina ay Mabuti
naman po ako, kulot po, mataba,
matangkad, mabait naman po ako.”

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

(As a teenage mother, it is

really hard because you are
neglecting yourself already, you
dont have time to take a bath and
brush my hair. I can’t fix
myself, and I need to wake up in
the middle of the night to make
milk for my baby, then I still
need to wake up early. It is
really hard to become a mother,
but it's all worth it when I look
at my child because he removes
all my tiredness. As a mother I’m
a good one, I have curly hair,
fat, tall, and kind too.)

Positive self view is an important aspect in becoming a good

teenage parent, knowing their good traits and characteristics are

helpful in becoming young mothers. These personal concepts of

themselves are vital to boost their self esteem and eventually their

confidence, which help them to become a good mother and accept their

role as teenage mothers. The young mothers talked positively about

having children and discussed how it had changed their lives. Given

that they now had a child to care for which helped them in becoming

good mothers and gave them the motivation to change direction and

think about pursuing their studies and keep going in life, but needed

to do something new for a good future for their children. They

understood that when their kids grew older, they were still young

enough to pursue more study or different career paths.

Early motherhood experiences are contextual and influenced by the

culture and society in which the teen/woman lives (Moore, Miller et

al. 1995).Contemporary conceptions of self-esteem emphasize the

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

person’s acceptance by self and others, the evaluation of performance,

social comparison, and the efficacy of individual action as the

important roots of self-esteem. The discourse of self-esteem enables

the person’s understanding of individuality versus community, striving

for success versus self-acceptance, or the quest for happiness as a

future state versus contentment with one’s present lot.

P01: “Sa panlabas na anyo ano ako

payat, medyo maitim, tapos hindi
ako masyadong mapag ayos sa
sarili ko. Tapos sa panloob naman
mabait ako, minsan lang
nagsusungit din. Maano akong
mother ano to... mabait akong
mother.” (In terms of my external
appearance, I am skinny, slightly
tanned and I’m not fond of
grooming myself too much and then
in terms of internal
characteristics, I am kind but
sometimes I am a snob too. In
terms of being a mother, I am a
caring mother. I have a baby boy
and he is already One year old.)
PO2: “Noon mahirap dahil bata pa
kami wala pa kami sa tamang edad
para mag trabaho sa ngayon naman
hindi ko kasama ang anak ko.”
(That's when we were younger we
weren't at the right age to work,
right now I wasn't with my son.)
PO3: “Pag appearance po, singkit
uhmm chinita, tapos medyo mahaba
yung buhok, slim tapos sa ugali
po medyo mabait depende sa taong
kausap ko tapos parang regular
lady lang din po.” (In my
appearance, Chinky, my hair is
slightly long, and slim. Then in
my behavior I'm kind depending on
the people I talked to. Then

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

similar to the regular/normal

lady.) PO4: “Nangisit, naggaget,
madiskarte, maasahan kasjay lang
ken kwa met kasjay lang ading…”
(I have a dark skin complexion,
I'm diligent, good when it comes
to strategy and a reliable
person.) PO5: “Nasingpet, medyo
mataray, nagaget, napudaw,
bassit.” (I am kind, a bit brat,
and hardworking. I’m a petite and
have a fair skin complexion.)
PO6: “Bilang isang batang ina
masasabi kong mahirap kasi
napapabayaan ko ang aking sarili
pati nga ang pagligo di ko magawa
pati ang pagsusuklay. Hindi ko
naayos ang aking sarili gigising
ako sa hating gabi para magtimpla
ng gatas ng baby ko at gigising
ako ng maaga sobrang hirap talaga
maging isang maagang ina pero
worth it kasi naalis ang pagod
kapag nakikita ko ang aking anak.
Ugali ko bilang isa ina ay Mabuti
naman po ako, kulot po, mataba,
matangkad, mabait naman po ako.”
(As a teenage mother, it is
really hard because you are
neglecting yourself already, you
dont have time to take a bath and
even brush my hair. I can’t fix
myself, and I need to wake up in
the middle of the night to make
milk for my baby, then I still
need to wake up early. It is
really hard to become a mother,
but it's all worth it when I look
at my child because he removes
all my tiredness. As a mother I’m
a good one, I have curly hair,
fat, tall, and kind too.)

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

Figure 2.1: CENTRAL PHENOMENON “PREGY”(Personal issues, Rough

adjustment, Enhance connections, Great responsibility, Young mother’s
acknowledgement)

Through careful analysis of the research results, it was found

that the teenage mothers of Centro 3, Lasam Cagayan, dealt with

different personal issues in their lives that influence them to engage

in early sexual activity. Teenagers’ personal dilemma such as having a

poor relationship with their parents, being in a bad circle of

friends, lack of financial resources, and inability to study are the

main reasons we found that has the biggest contribution in our teenage

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

mother’s situation. Poor parent and child relationship has a great

contribution to the early pregnancy of our respondents in this study.

Teenagers is the most vulnerable age group as adolescence is very

curious and didn’t hesitate to try new things, without guidance and

good communication with their parents they are vulnerable to peer

influence. Parental guidance and involvement prevent the likelihood

of becoming a teenage mother. Most of our respondents found comfort

from their friends which taught them to engage in a certain thing

without their parent’s awareness. Lack of parental guidance and

financial support makes teenagers more susceptible to dropping out

from school thus preventing them in achieving their dreams.

Variety of physical, psychological, emotional and social

challenges was experienced by the respondents. Teen mothers are less

likely to complete school after an early pregnancy. A woman must

balance personal desires with general concerns about her child's

welfare during the major life transition of motherhood. The best time

to become pregnant is when a woman is physically, emotionally,

spiritually, and financially prepared, which adolescent mothers are

clearly not. Many adjustments must be made by new mothers, including

physiological, sociological, and financial ones. Because a teen

pregnancy is usually unplanned, people react differently to the

experience. Teen moms forced to confront their enormous

responsibilities as a young parent have stripped them of their social

lives, being a teen mom can be difficult and a number of participants

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

talked about being criticized by society. Early motherhood is often

marred by feelings of loss and not getting a good job. The adolescent

must deal with adulthood's unexpected demands, as well as the

disapproval and dissatisfaction expressed by significant others such

as parents and relatives.

One of respondents' coping mechanisms during the transition to

motherhood was to rely on family and friends. They share their

thoughts and feelings and listen to the advice they give. As shown on

the figure above teenage mothers rely on their loved ones for support.

Their family serves as their source of strength to continue their

lives. They strengthen their faith as God gave our respondent’s hope

to overcome the challenges they been through. Seeking emotional

support was another respondent's coping mechanism. As they adjust to

the world of motherhood, they face criticism and judgment. Asking God

for support and guidance is how they deal with problems and relieve

the stress and pressure they feel. They have learned to strengthen

family relationships through family development sessions as a way to

prevent conflicts as well as the possibility of early teenage

pregnancy.

Teenage mothers have a Great Responsibility. They had to give up

sleep, money, and time. Many adolescent mothers go through abrupt

lifestyle changes. One of the most important responsibilities of a

teen mother is to be able to raise their child safely in a healthy and

peaceful environment. Provide food, clothing, shelter, and medical

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

attention. Second, how she responds to other people's judgments, or

how she acts in all situations, particularly social criticism. In any

situation, they must remain calm and think more maturely as parents.

Discrimination motivates them to be stronger rather than depressed.

Finally, through their experiences they learned the importance of

education and to strengthen communication and relationships with

parents because they are the ones who provide financial and emotional

support. They emphasize to always obey your parents for you to have a

better future.

Every woman's life has their own identity, and some revolves

around motherhood, which is viewed as being essential to a woman's

existence. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that teen motherhood,

which happens at a crucial stage in life development, has detrimental

social and health impacts. However, as was clear from the interviews

with our respondents, they understood their responsibilities and

accepted the price for their actions. Since they had a positive self-

perception and recognized their parenting duties, they made the

decision to stand their ground in the most crucial life decisions.

We, as researchers, therefore, conclude that the lived

experiences of teenage mothers of Centro 3 Lasam Cagayan is difficult

and a serious matter, Despite the difficulties and not being prepared

of the outcomes they manage to accept and embrace motherhood that

requires great responsibility, parenting and economic support.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

According to Macleod and Durrheim (2003), teenage pregnancy is a

social problem, associated with school disruption, poor obstetric

outcomes, inadequate motherhood, poor child outcomes, and poor

relationships with relatives, partners, and peers. Difficulties,

leading to demographic concerns about population growth. Adolescents’

likelihood of having unprotected sex, pregnancy and childbirth are

strongly correlated with several risk factors. These factors included

growing up in a single-parent household, living in a poor and/or high-

poverty neighborhood, poor school attachment and performance, and low

parental education levels (Moore, Miller et al. al. 1995).

The adjustment to parenting is much harder for women because of

their greater vulnerability. Young women are particularly affected by

this, and research demonstrates that growing mothers feel the weight

of duty as they become mothers. (2019's International Journal of

Nursing Science). Due to unfulfilled requirements related to

adolescence and childbearing, pregnant and parenting teenagers

experienced a variety of unfavorable interactions and stress this

enlightens them to seek God for guidance as they transitioned from

youth to adulthood and motherhood. (Mumba Lombe et. al, 2018). Through

this type of coping mechanism, they reduce anxiety and stress that can

later affect them and their children. Social support has been

demonstrated to improve parents' health while also assisting parents

in coping with the demands of parenthood (Letourneau, Stewart, &

Barnfather, 2004).

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

In terms of subsequent research, there is evidence that some

adolescent mothers may use their teen pregnancy and motherhood

experiences as motivation to complete their education so that they and

their child can have a better future. One of these experiences is

social support, which is defined as "a coping resource that may be

called upon to promote resiliency and cope with the responsibilities

of new motherhood" (Letourneau, Stewart, & Barnfather, 2004, p. 515).

In light of this, this theme explains why teenage moms who have

recently given birth still maintain a favorable opinion of themselves.

They are confident in how they present themselves, accept their

imperfections and deal with the repercussions. As these young mothers

experienced the transitional period that aim to provide social support

and the increased ability to manage physical and psychological

challenges of young motherhood and enhance new mothers' knowledge

about caring for babies. (Lisa McKenna, et. al, 2019).

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations which

were being derived and interpreted after analyzing the result of the

data that were presented in the previous chapter.

Summary of Findings

There are the factors encountered by the teenage mother are lack

of attention and poor communication from their parents, peer pressure,

living in poverty, not attending school and engaging to unprotected

sexual intimacy.

As they entered the stage of motherhood, there were many

challenges they encountered, as a consequence of their early

pregnancy. Majority of the respondents expressed increasing

responsibility as one of the main challenges and described it as

several responsibilities, lack of time and energy, and restriction on

spending for self-interests. Following childbirth, they were faced

with a sharp increase in workload. Therefore, they experienced

physical and mental fatigue. Some experienced bullying and criticism

in their community. It was difficult for them to meet the multiple

needs of their child. They experienced postpartum depression and some

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

weren't able to overcome this situation. Most of them lack financial

support and as they did not continue their education and remained

unemployed. Some of the teenage mothers in this study did not receive

sufficient support.

As their coping strategies on the challenges in becoming a

teenage mother, most of them receive support from their parents, loved

ones and friends as the option they have in order to survive. Lastly,

they also strengthen their relationship to God as one of the key

factors in facing their life struggles that enabled them to cope

adequately with pregnancy and subsequent motherhood.

Their mistakes taught them so many lessons in life, such as

obeying their parents, listening to their advice and not letting peer

pressure overcome them. They also emphasized prioritizing studies

rather than engaging in early pregnancy. Majority of them advise the

younger generation to think before acting to avoid making wrong

decisions in life.

The outcome of becoming a teenage mother involves being a full

time mom and working hard to provide the needs of their child.

Embracing their role as a mother they learn to be flexible in any

circumstances that they encounter that made them tough. Young mother’s

recognized their obligations and accepted their parenting role.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

Conclusion

The researcher concludes that teenage mothers experienced many

physical, psychological, emotional and social challenges. Teenage

mothers have less possibility to finish their studies after engaging

to early pregnancy. Taking care of the baby and providing financial

assistance are challenges they encountered and tried to cope up.

Teenage mothers are force to face their responsibilities as a young

mother that made them lose their social life, being a teenage mother

can be difficult and many participants spoke of having inadequate

social support. Recommendation

This study encourages all teenagers living in Centro 3, Lasam,

Cagayan to read and learn about early pregnancy. This helps them

understand, learn, and recognize the effects and realize of early

intercourse. What her teen has read about being a teen parent isn’t as

great as it sounds. No one wants to be a parent when they are

teenagers. Young people do not have a proper education and some young

people do not know what they want to do with their lives. The study

recommends that governments and other funding bodies identify pregnant

women's needs and provide financial support for vocational training.

Teenage mothers who choose to pursue vocational training must receive

seed money from governments, funding groups, and parents so that they

can acquire the resources they need to start their own businesses.

Prioritizing parent-child conversations can help girls resist sexual

temptation. Schools and community forums should be developed to

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

educate girls about sexual attraction and reproductive health. Future

studies on the same problem in different locations should use

different strategies and cover larger cohorts of teenage mothers.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

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Girlhood_not_motherhood_final_web.pdf

QUESTIONAIRE

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The following interview questions were asked during the in-depth

interviews:

1. Are there any specific reasons that push you to engage in

early pregnancy? If yes, can you tell us about it?

2. What are the unforgettable experiences you had about your

pregnancy?

3. What has been the most difficult aspect of being a young

mother?

4. Do you encounter any challenges during your pregnancy? How

were you able to resolve those challenges?

5. What lessons have you gained from your experience that you

would want to share to the society?

6. Can you give a brief description about yourself in the

present?

7. How would you describe your family structure, gravida score,

education and financial status.

INFORMED CONSENT

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The purpose of the study is to provide understanding on the lived

experiences of the teenage mothers of Centro 3 Lasam, Cagayan. We aim

to know the external factors contributing to their teenage pregnancy,

challenges encountered by the participants being a teenage mother,

coping mechanism of the participants to counteract their challenges,

motivations of the participants to keep going in life and the effect

of teenage pregnancy to the life of the participants.

Teenage mothers of Centro 3 Lasam, Cagayan were purposively

sampled for the study. Data was gathered and collected using in-depth

interviews to allow the researchers ask open- response questions and

to be able to know the lived experiences of the teenage mothers.

The present study will be conducted by analysing the data that

will be collected and will carefully be identifying and expanding

significant themes that will be emerging from the study participants

about lived experiences of the teenage mothers.

The nature and extent of involvement of research participants to

be part of the study should be bound by rules of ethics. Research

participants must give their permission to be part of the study and

must give pertinent information to make an informed decision about

participating in the study.

There will be slightly discomfort the study participants may feel

during the interview. They may feel discomfort in answering some

personal and private questions during the interview for us to extract

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

data and information needed in our study. But this is clearly

described and explained to them prior to the interview, and we made

sure that they are aware on the possible topics that are going to

tackle during the interview.

There will be no risk that can affect or get by the participants

with our study and if ever we figure out some possible or other

effects, we will immediately let the participants know about it in a

decision.

The benefits of the participants are that they will identify the

external factors contributing to their teenage pregnancy which they

will know the preventions that they may teach to their future

children, their coping mechanisms to counteract the challenges that

they experienced and the reason that motivates them to keep going in

life.

I understand that my participation is voluntary and I am free to

withdraw at any time without giving any reason, without my medical

care or legal rights being affected.

I understand that section of my medical records may be looked at

by responsible individuals from the 3rd year from the College of

Nursing of Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines or from regulatory

authorities where it is relevant to my taking part in this research. I

give permission to these individuals to assess at my records that are

relevant.

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The participant is free of any coercion in the study because

participants should not be persuaded by using force or threats. The

participant’s consent to participate in the research must be

voluntarily. The respondents will not be forced to fill up and answer

any questionnaire. Answering the questionnaires is voluntarily. The

respondents have the right to refuse if they don’t want to participate

in the study. Before the study starts the researchers should inform

the participant about the nature and purpose of study, procedures to

be used, expected benefits to the participant and society potential of

reasonably foreseeable risks, stresses, and discomforts alternatives

to participating in the research and compensation and medical

treatment available in case of injury. Thus, the participant should

fully understand the study before confirming that he/she participated

in the study but if the participants wanted to withdraw then it is his

decision. The confidentiality of the respondents is ensured. Since

questionnaire will be used, the researchers will only know. The data

that will be collected will remain confidential to protect the

participant.

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TRANSCRIPT OF DATA
Questions Response Code
SOP 01: “Kuwan dahil narin sa Broken Family
Ano-ano ang nakikita broken family ako
mong dahilan o mga tapos yung pinag
bagay na nagging stayan ko dati sa
dahilan para maaga kang solana masyadong
mabuntis? mapang api yung tipong
magagalit sila dun sa
anak nila ako yung
nasasaktan kapag
nakita nila ako ako
yung sasampalin
susuntukin mga ganun
tapos siyempre bilang
teenager din meron
yung rebelde na ugali
yung umiiral sa akin
pagrerebelde hanggang
sa hindi ko na naano
yung temptation
nabuntis ako dahil
lang sa pagrerebelde.

(“Because I belong to
a broken family, then
the one I used to live
with in Solana is very
oppressive. For
example they will get
angry with their child
and I am the one who
gets hurt when they
see me, I am the one
who will be slapped,
will be punched like
that then of course as
a teenager there is
also the rebellious
act that exists in me
I got rebelled until I
can no longer control
the temptation I got
pregnant just because
of rebellion.”)

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“Barkada dahil Peer Pressure

naimpluwensyahan ako
sa kanila.”

(“My friends because

of bad influence.”)

Lack of attention from Lack of Attention

my family and I seek
too much atensyon sa
ibang tao at so yun
nga po nagka jowa na
ko feeling ko sa kanya
ko nakukuha lahat ng
atensyon not knowing
na I got too far ayun
po attensyon parang
nakulangan ako doon.”

(“I was always seeking

attention from my
family and when I got
a boyfriend I got all
the attention I needed
from him.”)

Dahil sa barkada, Family problem

tapos family problem,
tapos own problem yung
pagiging emotional mo
ganon then mga school
activities din po. Sa
barkada po yun po yung
tinutkso tukso ka nila
doon po nagsisimula.
Sa family naman po yun
yung super strict po
sila. Sa pagiging
emotional po yun po
yung parang na inlove
kana sa kanya then nag
o overthink ka na kung

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

paano kung mawala siya

ganon tapos pag may
hinihingi siya
binibigay mo naman
ganon tapos parang

nahihirapan kanang mag

decide kung ano yung
tama at mali kasi nga
din po dun rin po sa
family problem kaya
din po nagiging
emotional.”

(“It is because of my
friends, family
problems, dealing with
my own problems like
being emotional and
school activities too.
It all started when my
friends were teasing
me. In terms of family
it’s because they were
so strict. In being
emotional, when I feel
that I already love
him I’m always in the
thought of what if I
will lose him. I
always give what he
wants, I’m also in a
situation wherein I
have difficulties in
deciding what is right
from wrong because of
family problems, and
that made me too
emotional.”)

“Wala naman po, wala

po unexpected. Napaaga
lang talaga.”

"(Nothing at all,
nothing... unexpected.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

It's just happened too

early.)"

“Nu ung-ungtan daka Peer pressure

gamin ti magannak mu
kasjay kasla agrebelde
ka diba kasjay syempre
ti palagay mu ket
kasla haan daka mahal.

siguro adda latta kada

tayu kasanu tayu nga
iparaan diba? Barkada
a iti kasta isu ajay
nabarkada nak idi
syempre boyfriend
boyfriend dim ammu ti
anya ti kasta na.
Agnimun inum ka kasjay
agsigarilyo adjay ti
way nan apay nga kwa,
nabarkada. Gamin idi
nawalay kami ag
obovernight kami
agijay gamin idi iti
kasta mi isu nga kasta
siguro napaaga nga
naging ina.”

(“Whenever my parents
scold me, I rebel
because I think that
they didn’t love me
but maybe it depends
on us how we handle
it. I was in a group
of friends with our
boyfriends then I
didn’t notice that
I’ve already lost. I
became too much. We
used to drink alcohol,
smoke, we go wherever
we want, and overnight
sleep at friends house
I think that’s the
reason why I got

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

pregnant early.”)

Nasobraak lang Love

nagayat, idi duwa kami
jay ama ti anak ko ket
hannak met manag
barkada idi.
Managbarkada nak nga
agpayso idi ngem awan
mas ununaek ajay ama
ti anak ko idi, hannak
agbarbarkada. Open

kami both sides kami

met idi.”

(“I just fell in love

too much. When I’m
still with the father
of my child, I’m not
friendly and socially
engaged. I also have a
few friends but the
first in my priority
that time is the
father of my child. We
are open with our
relationship both
sides.”)

“Siguro yung nakikita Family problem

kong dahilan kaya ako
maagang nabuntis dahil
sa family problem lagi
ako pinapagalitan ng
aking ama ang baba ng
tingin niya sa akin.
Kaya noon bf ko na
tumutulong sakin para
tumatag hanggang sa
palagi na kami
nagsasama. Hanggang sa
may nangyari na sa
amin.”

(“Maybe the reason I

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

see why I got pregnant

early is because of a
family problem. My
father always scolds
me. He underestimated
me. So it was my bf
who helped me to be
strong until we were
always together. Until
something happened to
us.”)

SOP 01: “A kuwan, nubayan haha

Paano mo ilalarawan ang diko maexplain. kami Financial Difficulties
iyong pamilya, ng family ko ngayon si

katayuang pinansyal sa baby, ako at tsaka

buhay, bilang ng yung partner ko e is
pagbubintis medyo mahirap.
, Naghihirap kami kasi
edukasyon? siyempre ako, wala
kong natapos yung
partner ko grade 12
nayun diko pa alam
kung makakapag
graduate, pero ngayon
nasa tuguegarao na
siya nagwowork sana
nga lang makaaho kami
kahit papano. Si baby
naman sa awa ng diyos
hindi nagkakasakit.
Okay naman masayang
pamilya minsan nga
lang nagkakaproblema
dahil lang sa
pinansiyal na support
kasi nagdadiaper yung
baby ko tapos madami
rin kaming binabayaran
na bills kasi nga sa
family nga po. Ayun
ang hirap hanapan ng
kuwan mga pinansyal

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

kasi wala akong

trabaho yung partner
ko naman no 10,25 ang
swelduhan sa trabaho
kaya hirap hanapan ng
pagkukuhanan talaga ng
pang gastos. Hindi ako
nag ano hindi ako
naglihi yun lang meron
lang akong gustong
pagkain pero hindi ako
maselan wala akong
wala ako yung sinasabi
nila na ayaw nila ng
amoy ng bawang, pero
nagkaroon ako ng
morning sickness yung
nagsusuka ako kapag
may nakain lang akong
mali pero hindi ako
ganun kaselan nine

months si baby, normal

delivery. als passer
po ako, noong grade...
elementary ako
consistent ako ate na
honor then grade 7&8
naging honor din ako
pero 3rd grading and
4th medyo nagloko na
po ako hindi na po ako
nakakapag aral tapos
umuwi ako dito sa
lasam para magtake ng
ALS. Sa awa ng diyos
nakapasa naman po ako
at nakapag graduate
plano ko pong mag
continue
naghihintaynalang po
ako ng enrollment ng
csu.”

(“Ahh like this, I

can’t explain. My

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

family, my baby, me
and my partner are
having difficulties.
We are having
difficulties because
of course I didn’t
finish my studies,
while my partner is a
grade 12 student and I
still don't know if he
can graduate, but now
he's in Tuguegarao and
he's working hoping we
can get up somehow.
The baby, by the mercy
of God, does not get
sick. It's okay, a
happy family but
sometimes we're having
a problem because of
financial support, my
baby uses diapers and
then we also pay a lot
of bills for the
family. That's how

hard it is to find
financial resources
because I don't have a
job and my partner
receives his salary
every 10th and 25th of
the month and it is
really hard to find
resources to pay the
expenses. I didn't do
anything, I dont have
morning sickness,
that's all. I just
want food but I'm not
picky about it. I
don't have the
aversion to the scent
of garlic that the
other people claim to
have, but I have

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

morning sickness and

vomit when I eat
something wrong. I
carried my baby for 9
months and I had a
normal delivery. I am
an ALS passer. During
my elementary years I
was a consistent honor
student, by the time
that I entered Grade 7
and 8 I was also an
honor student but in
the 3rd grading and
4th, I neglected to
study. I couldn't
study anymore and then
I went home here in
Lasam to get ALS. By
the grace of God, I
passed and graduated.
I plan to continue my
studies; I'm just
waiting for the CSU
enrollment.”)

“Ang aking pamilya ay Lack of Support

magulo dahil
naghiwalay kami ng

asawa ko, single mom

ako, sa kinatayuang
pinasyal naman ay
mahirap dahil hindi
naman nasusustento
yung asawa ko, isa
palang ang anak ko at
sa edukasyon naman
pinag aral ako ng mga
magulang ko hanggang
makatapos ng
kolehiyo.”

(“My family is
complicated because my
husband and I are not
together. I am the

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

only one who is taking

care of our child. Our
financial status is
not that good because
my husband does not
give us any money. I
have only one child
and I graduated from
college with the help
of my parents.”)

“My family is fine Financial Difficulties

masaya naman kami at
kunteto ngunit wala
nga lang kami
kapabilidad ng buhayin
ngayon ang sarili
naming mga anak kasi
nag aaral pa po kami.
Naka depende kami
ngayon sa mga parents
namin at sa mga
iskolar, kargo kami
ng magulang ko. Sa
panganay sakitin
talaga ako madalas
linalagnat at madalas
masakit ang ulo tapos
sa second trimester
naging ok naman na
hindi na ko masyadong
nagsusuka at tapos sa

panganganak ko naman
masyado akong matagal
sa delivery room halos
mawalan na ng hininga
yung sanggol dahil
wala na ang
pangtubigan ko hindi
pa rin siya
nailalabas. Pitong
buwan noong tinaggap
ko yung baby kahit
alam kong may mali o

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

nararamdaman ko ng may
hindi na tama sa akin.
Sa pangalawa naman
palihim pa rin dahil
meron pa rin akong
hiya na ipaalam sa
magulang naming na may
kasunod na naman kaya
mga anim na buwan din
noong sinabi ko sa
kanila at sa edukasyon
naman sa una ko pong
anak unang semester
lang tinapos ko sa
Caritan at tumigil na
ko sa pangalawang
semester tapos nag
palit po ako ng kurso
lumipat po ako dito sa
Lasam. May mga natapos
na akong subject sa
Caritan kaya hindi ko
na tinake dito. Yung
mga libre oras ko noon
yung yung mga oras ko
para umuwi’t magpadede
tapos nitong online na
halos gabi ko lang po
nagagawa yung mga
kinakailangan kong
gawin na pinapagawa sa
eskwelahan dahil nag
aalaga ako mag hapon.
Maraming akong hindi
natatapos sa tamang
oras. Ang kurso ko
noong pinagbubuntis ko

yung una kong anak ay

Respiratory Therapy at
nagpalit ako sa
Bachelor of Elementary
Edukasyon.”

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

(“My family is OK. We

are happy that we are
contented but right
now we do not have the
capability to take
care of our children
because we are still
studying. We are
currently depending on
our parents and our
scholarship, I have 2
children already. When
I was pregnant with
the 1st I was always
getting sick and my
head always hurt. The
second trimester was
OK. I wasn't vomiting
often anymore when I
was giving birth. It
was so long in the
delivery room that the
child almost ran out
of air because even
though I broke my
water the child took
so long to come out.
Seven months when I
accepted the baby even
though I knew it was
wrong. The second was
I did not tell my
parents I was ashamed.
It took 6 months when
I told them that I’m
pregnant. It was only
the first semester in
Caritan that I stopped
due to my first child.
I changed course and
went here to Lasam. I
already finished some
subjects in Caritan so

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

I didn't take it here

in Lasam. My free time
was the time I went
home to breastfeed my
baby. Now that is
online I am taking
care of the baby the
whole morning and at
night I do the
activities that are
required to do. I have
not finished some
activities on time. My
course when I got
pregnant with my first
child is respiratory
therapy now I changed
to elementary
education.”)

“Okay lang naman po Self doubt

ate, hmm simple life
lang din po. Hindi
naman po kami
naghihirap sa money,
sometimes lang din
naman pero nagagawan
din namin po yun ng
paraan in terms of
money po. Noong una
ate mahirap po,
mahirap sabihin sa mga
tao, sa school kasi
yun yung takot na ma
judge ka yung mga
rumors tapos pwede ka
nilang I bully ganon
mahirap din po yun mag
o overthink ka then na
overcome ko din po yun
noong nag open po ako
sa teacher namin then
yung teacher po namin
nag explain sa mga
classmates ko at yun
okay na din po pero

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

may mga rumors pa rin,

may mga nambu bully pa
rin. Nag continue po

ako. Naka separate na

po kami, tapos dun po
sa financial minsan
nagbibigay naman din
po sila. Sideline lang
po yung trabaho ng
husband ko at nagaaral
po siya ngayon
ng Grade-12.”

(“It's ok, hmm we have

a simple way of
living”. We are not
having difficulties in
terms of money, but
sometimes we’re in a
situation where we
don’t have it either.
I had struggles at the
beginning, it is not
easy to tell people my
situation especially
in school because I’m
scared I will be judge
by others and rumors
are spreading all over
then students have the
chances to bully me,
another is I’m over
thinking that is why
it is really hard but
eventually I overcome
it, I open my
situation to my
teacher and she helped
me to let my classmate
understand what I’m
going through,
eventually it turn ok
but there were still
rumors and some

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

bullying but I still

continue my studies.
We are living separate
from our parents they
help us though once in
a while in terms of
financial. My husband
is still studying and

currently in Grade-12
but still having his
part time job.”)

“Uhm simple lang po. Compromised Education

Nasa middle class lang
po kami, hindi naman
po kami nagigipit.
Meron pong tumutulong
samin, both parents
po. Isang beses lang
po ako nagbuntis. Nag
stop po muna ako ako
ng isang taon pero
itutuloy ko po.”

(Simple, we’re in the

middle class, and not
short of money.
Someone is helping us,
our both parents. I
only got pregnanct
once. I stopped going
to school for a year
but I will continue.)
“Simple lang ading nu Compromised Education
anya lang adda kanya
mi ket masaya kami met
ken kwan madiskarte
kami met ti trabahu nu
anya man matrabahu
kayang kaya kasjay
lang. Kailangam iti
kasta ading iti ajay
kasla kuma kumayod
ajay agtrabahu tapnu
iti kasta ket adda

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

latta iti pang

arawaraw nga mu
gastusin kasjay ken
para iti anak ku
pamilyak tapnu ti
kasta e uray anya nga
trabahu basta ketdi
kayam tapnu haan ka
nga maawanan ti
pinansyal kasjay lang.
maysa palang anak ko.
Masaya met iti
agkabuntis ngem intinu

kwan mas lalo nagrigat

tun nu ajay pinag kwa
kwam amin ajay pag lay
labor mu narigat
dagijay pero sa awa ng
diyos nakaraos met.
Kasla awan lang kasla
haan ku naranransan nu
kwa amin met nga kayat
ku nga kanen diba nu
aglihi adda nga ajay
kasla madim kayat nga
kanen kasjay diba syak
met gamin ket awan
awan lang kasla normal
lang nga kwa awan ti
haan ku kayat amin
kayat ko kanen kasjya
met adjay lang tipinag
kwak lang talaga ti
aglabor kasi nagrigat
dim ammu nu anya
apaprusan anya iti
nasakit. Nu adda iti 5
months nan kasjay
talaga kwan nga nagan
na ajay ag pungtot ka
kasjay kuma baka kwa
ti kwa adjay parang
kwa iti baby kasjay
siguro adjay haan mu
ngay maaramid
agpungtot ka kasjay.

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

Mayat met ti agbasa

ngem nu adda met
talaga problemam nga
kwa met nga
pampaeskwela nu adda
allowance mu nu awan
adda met honor ku idi
ngem adda nak gamin
iti lowest section.
Haan nak agaddaddalen
kasi sa totoo lang ket
a gap-apply nak iti
work abroad. Graduate
nak iti highscool-len
baru nak nga
nagsikug.”

(“My family is simple.

We are happy with
whatever we have. I
have a good strategy
when it comes to work.
I can do any job that
they offer to me. I
have to work hard so
that I can support or
give the needs of my
child and family. I
only have one child.
I’m happy when I got
pregnant but it was
hard when labor came,
but by the mercy of
God I passed all of
that. When it comes to
conception it seems
like I didn’t
experience it. I ate a
lot of food. When I
was in my 5 months of
pregnancy, I got
easily angry. While in
education I can say
that It’s good to
study. When I was a
high school student I

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

had an honor but I

belong to the lower
section and now I’ve
already stopped
because I’m applying
for a job abroad. I
already graduated from
high school when I got
pregnant.”

“Naragsak kin buo, han Supportive Family

kay met agap apa, adda
met kaya mi bassit
ate. Kami iyong
nagproprovide ng
kailangan ng baby
naming simula nung
nagbuntis ako. Nasa
puder ako ng mga

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

magulang ko kasi
naghiwalay kami ng
asawa ko, Iyong
parents ko lang ang
sumusuporta sa amin.
Awan ti kwada agijay
parents iti lalake.
Naghiwalay kami ng
partner ko. Pero uray
nagsina kami okay kami
latta nga Makita jay
baby mi. adda met jay
time nga apan agbisita
dituy kasjay kin anak
na. Maysa palang iti
baby’k. nahirapan ako
sa pagbubuntis ko kasi
bedrest nak manipod
iti lima nga bulan.
Idi masikog nak mismo
as in bedrest nak iti
manu nga bulanen. Ag
bed-bed rest nakon
inggana naganakak.
Nababan baby, bawal
nak tumakde-takder,
dapat nakaidda latta
mangan pay nakaidda
latta. Saka nak lang
tumakder nu mapan nak
agdigos kasi mapan cr.
Normal ni baby, sunga
nag stop nak idi kasi
bawal met ajay kasjay,
maselan sunga para han
maikkat ni baby ket
nagsarding nak lattan
agbasa idin. Ajay nag
stop nak ate kasi
bawal mut kin baby.
Grade 11 nak idin ate,
ngem intuloy ko
tatta.”

(“Happy and complete,

we don’t have any
misunderstanding. We
have a good financial

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

status we were the one

who provides the needs

of my baby since I got
pregnant. I’m living
with my parents
because I separated
with my baby’s father.
My parents are the one
who supported us, the
parents of the boy
don’t have any. My
partner and I are
separated. But
eventhough we chose to
part ways we are okay,
were civil to each
other. Sometimes he
visited his daughter.
I have only one
daughter, I had a
difficulty in
pregnancy because I
got bedridden since
I’m at my five months.
Since my pregnancy I’m
adviced to bedrest in
many months. I bed
rest until I gave
birth to my child. My
baby is in lower
portion of my uterus,
that’s why I’m
forbidden to stand, I
must just lie even if
I will eat I must be
in bed. I will just
stand if I will take a
bath or go to the
bathroom to pee. I had
a normal delivery, the
reason why I stopped
because I had a
complicated pregnancy
and for the baby not

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

to get terminated I
decided to stop
attending school. I
was in my 11th grade
when I stop but now I
continued my

studies.”)

“Ang aking pamilya Financial difficulties

naman ay maayos,
masaya naman po kami,
nagmamahalan at di
naman po kami nag
aaway, mabait po ang
aking asawa, di po
kami naghiwalay. Nasa
parents ko po kami.
Kapag tungkol naman po
sa pinansyal sa buhay
medyo nagkakaproblema
po kami kasi
napoproblemahan po
kami sa pambili ng
gatas para sa baby
naming. Farmer at
nagsasideline rin po
sa construction yung
asawa ko.
Sinusuportahan po kami
both side. Isa palang
po ang anak ko. Hindi
naman po ako nahirapan
at di naman po
maselan, hindi po ako
nahihilo, di po ako
nagsusuka as in parang
normal lang po. Tapos
yung nanganak po ako
di po ako nag labor
kasi na cs po ako.
Mahirap mag aral po
ngayon kasi modyul
hindi ko kayang
pagsabayin kasi nag
aalaga ako ng bata.
Hindi ko alam kung

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

kakayanin ko mag-aral
pero minsan
tinutulungan ako ng
magulang ko para
magalaga sa baby ko.
Grade 12 na po ako
tinuloy tuloy ko lang
po.”

(“My family is fine,

we are happy, we love

each other and not
fighting. My husband
is kind and we did not
separate from each
other. We are living
with our parents
currently. About our
financial status, we
are encountering
problems related to
finances, we are
having difficulties in
buying milk formula
for our baby. My
husband works as a
farmer and at the same
time he works as a
construction worker
too. We are being
supported by both our
parents. We only have
one child. I did not
have difficulties
during the early stage
of pregnancies, I did
not suffer from nausea
and vomitting it is
like everything is
normal. I did not
experience labor
because I had CS. It
is hard to study now,
we are having our
modules and I can’t do
it at the same time

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

because I need to take

care of my baby. I
dont know if I still
can continue my
studies,but sometimes
my parents are helping
me to look after my
baby when I’m
studying. I’m already
in Grade 12 and just
continue my
studies.”)

SOP 02: Pray to God

Papaano mo hinarap ang
mga hamon at pagsubok
na ito? “Ano lang kay God,
siyempre nagpre pray
lang po kay God
nilalagay ko lang
lahat ng hamon kay God
tapos si baby. si baby
yung nagiging lakas ko
kapag sobrang pagod
nako sukong suko nako
si baby nalang. Parang
yung minsan gabi gabi
umiiyak ako gusto ko
nalang na gusto ko
nalang mawala. Pero
naiisip ko may baby
pala ako e. araw araw
may depression ako
pero nilalabanan ko
kasi may baby ako yun
po.”

(“Of course, I just

prayed to God, I just
put all the challenges
to God and then the
baby. My baby is my
strength, when I'm so
very tired, I just
think of my baby. It's
like when sometimes I
cry every night, I

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

disappear. But I
always think I have a
baby. I have
depression every day
but I fight it because
I have a baby. that's
all.”)
“Pray lang, sige lang Prayer, Family
sa hamon ng buhay Support
dahil hindi mo naman
ito matatakasan
alangan naman na
ipalaglag ko blessing
yun. Tsaka sa tulong
po ng mga magulang ko

sila yung tumulong sa

akin noong buntis
ako.”

(“Keep on praying.
That's how life is,
just go on with life's
challenges because you
can’t escape it. I
didn't want to abort
because for me he/she
is a blessing. I am
grateful my parents
are there for me when
I was pregnant.”)

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

“Hinayaan ko lang po Pretending,Caring

na maramdaman ko lahat Friends and Classmates
yun tapos kunwari wala
lang, parang wala lang
hindi ko pinapahalata
na ano galit ako,
nagseselos ako, na may
natrust issue na
nabubuild na sa akin.
May mga time kasi noon
na halos wala ng oras
sakin yung asawa ko
puro na barkada
hinayaan ko lang
though nasubukan ko na
po talaga nakipag away
sa kaklase niya di ko
na napigilan yung
sarili ko tapos sa
with the help of my
classmates and friends
ko naman po naovercome
ko naman po yung
silent battle ko.”

(“I just pretend to be

OK. I didn't let them
see that I was angry
or jealous. My husband
did not spend enough
time with me. He was
always with his
friends and I got into

a fight with one of

them. My friends and
classmates helped me
get through that.”)

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

“Minsan mahirap po Good

talaga magbudget ng Communication
time pero unang una
sinasabi ko po sa
husband ko na kahit
hindi ko na siya
bigayan ng time at
least maalagaan ko
yung anak niya
kinakausap ko po siya
sa gabi pag may free
time kami tapos yung
mga gawaing bahay din
po sinabi ko rin po sa
kanya kung pwede sa
gabi ko na lang din po
gawin lahat tapos yun
po nag okay naman po
siya pero pag tulog po
yung baby ko ng umaga
or tanghali po sina
sideline ko din po
yung pag gawa ng
gawing bahay dito sa
bahay.”

(“It’s really hard to

manage the time.
During the nights when
we have free time , I
established good
communication with my
husband by telling
him that I should be
giving the time and
attention to our baby
first and I can't take
care of him. I
explained to him about
the house chores that
I will be doing it
during the night or
when our baby is

sleeping during the

morning or afternoon

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

that is time I’m doing

the works.”)
“Uhm, hinarap ko po Facing it
ito ng buo, kasama wholeheartedly
narin po iyong m g
sinasabi/advices a
mga magulang ng
at
kaibigan.”

(“I faced it
wholeheartedly,
together with my
parents and frien ds
advices.”)
“Kayak met lang nga Optimistic
itaguyud iti anak ku Concerned Sibling
kasjay met tas nu
kayam iti maysa nga
bagay agtrabahu ka
agtrabahu lang tapnu
maitaguyud mu ken
dapat haan ka ag
isisip ti negative
tapnu ti kasta ket
maikwan met lang am-
amin a problema. Medyo
malaganan nak met
syempre adda met
katuwang ku nga
agaywan kasjay.
Katuwang ku adjay
kabsat ku nga may
katlu nga balasang.
Sakbay nga natay adjay
mother ku 3 years old
idin adjay anak ku.
Isuna idi ti agalaga
nu kwan. Inal-alagaan
na met idi baby ingana
agkamalay isuna isu
iti katuwang ku idi
ngem tatta nga awan
isunan syempre ni
kabsat ku nga babain

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

ken adjay father ku

ay-aywanan da nukwa

kasjay lang tapos syak

nu kwa mapan ang
service ti malem
manicure pedicure
isumet pagal-alak iti
kasla panaka pang-alak
ti gastos kasjay lang.
bilang isa ina syempre
amin nga trabahu
sirrikem basta kayam
lang tapnu iti kasta
ket amin nga kasta
amin nga hamon ti biag
ket diba sitayu amin
ket adda hamon tayo
nya amin nga pagsubok
ket malagpasan tayu
basta la ketdi nagaget
ka, marunong ka iti
makisama ti bagay
bagay iti kadwam nga
tao kayam ata kayam
nga lagpasan amin nga
pagsubok kasjay lang.”

(“I can support my

child by doing any
work that I can. I’m
not a negative thinker
for me to overcome all
the problems. It was a
little bit easy for me
to take care of my
child because my
younger sister helped
me. Before my mother
died my child was only
3 years old. She used
to take care of it but
when she died. My
younger sister and my
father are taking care
of my child and I will

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

work with a manicure

or pedicure so that I
can provide the needs
of my child. As a
mother I’ll grab any
work that they will

offer to sustain the

needs of my child and
to overcome all the
problems in life. I
can manage it As long
as I’m diligent and
know how to get along
with things and other
people.)
“Agkarkararag nak lang Have faith
kasjay, nga italek ko
latta kanyanan nga
hanna kami baybayan
uray nagsina kami ajay
ama ti anak kon ket
inkarkararag ko lattan
nga hanna kami baybay
an. Adda met da mamang
nga sumop suporta nu
agkurkurang kasjay.”

(“ I’m just praying,

having faith to our
Lord that he will not
let us suffer
eventhough I got
separated with the
father of my child I
still pray to the lord
to look into us. And I
still have my
supportive parents in
time of crisis.”)

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“Tinulungan ako ng Parental Guidance

aking magulang
tinuruan kung paano
mag alaga tapos di
naman ako pinapabayaan
ng aking magulang at
lumapit ako sa Diyos
at nagdasal ako na
tulungan mo po ako
para harapin ang mga
pagsubok sa buhay
bilang isang pagiging
ina.”

(“My parents taught me

to take care of my
baby, they did not
neglect me and ask
help from above, I
prayed to God to help
me overcome all the
struggles of being a
teenage mother.”)

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SOP 03: “Ano yung pag aalaga Taking Care

Ano- ano ang mga hamon kay baby simula sa
na iyong pinagdaanan noong panganganak kasi
bilang isang ina? walang nakagabay na
parents sakin yung
mama ko nasa abroad
yung tipong
magpapaligo ka kay
baby wala si mama
walang matanda sa tabi
ko. Yung ako lang
tapos yung pagpupuyat
sa gabi pagpapadede
yung kapag
nagkakasakit si baby
parang isa lang yung
nakikita ng biyenan mo
kasalanan mo
ganun.tapos Basta
kapag may sakit si
baby laging hindi
mawawala sa sitwasyon
na ikaw yung nasisisi
kapag nagkakasakit
yung anak mo yung
lang.”

(“Taking care of my
baby since birth
because there are no
parents to guide me,
my mother is in
abroad, the experience
where you bathe the
baby and there is no
mother to assist me.
There is no adult
beside me. I'm the

only one who wakes up

at night, feeds the
baby. when the baby
gets sick, it's like
my mother -in -law
sees only one thing,
it's my fault like
that then Just when

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the baby is sick you

always don't get lost
in the situation where
you are the one to
blame when your child
gets sick.”)

Taking Care
“Pag-aalaga ng bata
syempre ang hirap mag
alaga lalo na pag bata
pa siya hindi niya
alam sabihin kung ano
masakit sa kaniya.”

(“Taking care of a
child of course, it is
hard especially that
they don't know how to
describe how they feel
when they get sick.”)

Postpartum Depression
“Sa panganay ko po ay
pinaka hamon sakin
noon is postpartum
depression I think
kasi masyado ako kung
nag ooverthink,mabilis
ako kung magalit,
mabilis akong magselos
sa maliliit na bagay
pati po sa biyenan ko
yung parang simple
lang na pagkuha sa
anak ko pakiramdam ko
kinukuha nila yung
oras ko para sa anak
ko dun ko napagtanto
na hindi na normal
yung pinagdadaanan ko
na parang may mali
kaya nag research ako
na nag research at yun
pala nasa Im under na
pala ako ng postpartum

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depression at naging
pala away rin ako
noon.”

(“I experienced
postpartum depression
with my eldest. I was
constantly
overthinking. I just
angry easily, jealous
and when my mother in
law took the baby I
felt like the time
that I am spending
with my baby is not
enough. I realized
that it wasn't right
so is researched and
found out I am
experiencing
postpartum
depression.”)

Taking Care

“Yung pag-aalaga po ng
baby, yung time mo sa
baby tapos time mo as
a housewife, then time
mo sa partner ang
hirap po mag budget ng
time kasi minsan
umiiyak na yung bata
nasusunog na pala yung
niluluto mo ganon
tapos pag gabi rin pag
may tae po siya ang
hirap pong bumangon.”

(“Taking care of my
baby, I need to divide
my time for being a
housewife and time for
the baby too. It’s
really hard to manage

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when my baby is crying

and then you have to
look into the
overcooked rice. And
also when the baby
pooped during the
night and I have to
wake up, it’s really
hard.”)

“Yun po, uhm mahirap

pong mag adjust kasi
mga puyat mga Adjustment
sleepless nights po
ganunn.”

(“That it is hard to
adjust, because of the
sleepless nights.”)

“Nu kasanu ka nga Financial Problem

talaga kasanu ngata ti
pangalak ti kastuy
pang araw-araw kasjay.
Single mother nak pay.
Satingin ko haan pay
suna handa agkaroon ti
anak/pamilya idi. Syak

lang tumagtagayod ti
anak ko. Ti pinagalga
medyo nalag an met.”

(“Where I can get the

daily needs. I am also
a single mother. I
think my ex-boyfriend
is not yet ready to
have a child/family.
I’m the only one
supporting my child
and in terms of taking
care of my child it’s
a bit easy”.)

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“Dim ammo nu pangalam Financial

ti pang gatas mo Problem,Criticism,Sepa
kasjay, kin tapos ket ration
kasla ajay mabain ka
met ti nagannak mo nga
Siyempre umasasa nak,
kin siyempre nu
pinasok mo ajay nga
stado a ke dapat ready
kan kin agpamilya ka
garuden siyrempre
hanmo kuma iaasa ti
nagannak mon ajay ti
nagrigat. Aglalo nu
nag stop ka.
Siyempre sa tutuusin
ket anya la maibagbaga
dagiti kaklasmeyt mi
idi barkada kon
nagsyaat met atuyen
hanko met.
Panpanunutek met idi
ke napatpateg jay anak
ko. Baba yak lattan
idin ta siyempre kunak
garud ke han kayo kuma
met agdildillaw ta han
yo met ammo nu inya
iti masakbayan yo
kasjay ti inbagak
kanyada. Su ajay bay
bayak lattan idin nu
ana maibag baga da.

Maysa pay nga pagsubok

koi di nagsina kami
kin boyfriend ko,
nagrigat lalo nu
kasinsina yo ket adda
sigud na. ajay ti
hanko matanggap idi.
Ngem idi pinanawan na
kami ket agmaysa bulan
tay anak ko agasem man
ajay. Pero hindi ako
na depressed kasi adda

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met tay anak ko nga

mang parparagsak
kanyak. Basta adda
kanyak tay anak ko
okay ajayen, uray
pumanaw sunan basta
adda kanyak jay anak
ko. Sunga nagrigat
kasi idi gamin,
inyanak ko ni baby ket
idjay mo talaga
marikna nga mas
napatpateg talaga iti
anak kesa iti asawa.
Adda kadkadwak nga
agaywan ajay kasinsin
ko tangtangdanan ni
mama ta hanko kaya, ag
module nak pay sa
agaywan su ajay hanko
kaya talaga.”

(“That is when you do

not know where you
will get money to
provide milk to your
child. Another is I’m
ashamed of my parents
because I’m depending
on them. And of course
if you chose to enter
this kind of situation
you must be ready
already to provide for
your own family and
you must not depend on
your family anymore

because you already

have your own family
to provide. It is
hard, especially when
I stop studying and
there are the side
comments of my friends
and classmates about

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me but I just thought

about my child that
she is more important.
I just let them say
whatever they want to
say and I just said
that maybe they must
not say something like
that because we don’t
know the future. I
just ignore their
words. Another
challenge is when I
get separated from my
partner, it is hard
especially when we
were just separated
and he already has
another woman. I
cannot accept that
during that time. He
left when my child was
nearly a month old.
But I never got
depressed because my
child is there to make
me happy. What is
important is that I
have my child”.)
“Mga hamon na dumating Taking Care
sakin bilang isang
batang ina di ko alam
kung pano mag alaga,
mag-paligo ng bata,
damitan tapos mayroong
isa pa na pinakahamon
na walang wala kaming
pangbili ng gatas wala
kaming kapera pera

noon yun yung mga

hamon na dumating sa
amin.”

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(“ The challenge that

I encountered being a
teenage mother is I
dont know how to take
care of the baby,
bathing the baby, and
even putting the
clothes, another
struggle in our life
that time is we don’t
have money to buy
formula milk for our
baby.”)
SOP 04: “Yung ano panganganak. giving birth and labor
Ano ang hindi Yung labor na 9 hours
malilimutang mga akong nag labor
karanasan mo tungkol sobrang sakit gusto ko
sa iyong pagbubuntis? nalang nakahiga gusto
ko din sa malalamig na
sahig. Then noong
naipanganak ko yung
baby noong narinig ko
yung unang iyak niya
yon hindi ko
makakalimutan.”

(“Giving birth, I
labored for 9 hours
and it was very
painful. I just wanted
to lie down; I also
wanted to lie on the
cold floor. Then when
I gave birth to the
baby when I heard his
first cry that is the
moment I will never
for.”)
“Yung palagi kami nag Husband Conflict
aaway ng asawa ko.”

(“My husband and I

were always
fighting.”)

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“Ang hindi ko pregnancy

makakalimutan is ano
ay yung araw na nagpa
ultrasound na ko at
naconfirm ko nga
nabuntis na ko then
kahit na pumasok ako
tulala ako sa school
at bigla bigla nalang
iiyak tapos the guilt
is too much kaya hindi
ko rin alam kung anong
gagawin ko tapos
nasira rin po yung
relationship ko with
my mother ilang buwan
niya rin akong hindi
kinausap tapos si papa
tinakwil niya ko sa
bahay since noong
nalaman na buntis ako
nag stay na po ako sa
mga in laws ko
hanggang ngayon pero
ok na po kami ngayon
ng mga magulang ko.

(“The day I won't

forget is the day that
I got an ultrasound
and confirmed that I
am pregnant. Even
though I went to
school I was absent
minded and always
cried. I didn't know
what to do. My mother
didn't talk to me for
months. My father
didn't permit me to go
home so I stayed at my
mother in laws house
but now we are OK with
each other.”)
“Unang una po si yung bullying
pambubully, yun lang

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naman po. Hindi naman

po nahirapan manganak,
hindi wala rin po

akong pinaglihian,
mainit din po ulo ko
pero minsan minsan
lang po.”

(“First of all, when I

deal with bullying,
that’s all. I didn’t
have any difficulties
when I delivered my
baby, and also during
my pregnancy but once
in a while im being
cranky.”)
“Marami po, pero iyong discrimination
minsan po napapadaan
kami sa labas, halos
lahat ng tao
nakatingin sa amin.
Minsan din po, may
nakasalubong din
kaming mga teachers
namin noon. Pero never
kong ikinahiya iyong
nangyari sa amin.”

(“A lot, but one time

when we passed by
outside, most of the
people there were
staring at us.
Sometimes, we bumped
into our old teachers
but I never ashamed of
what happened to us.”)
“Adjay lang talaga kwa giving birth and labor
jay aglabor ka lang
talaga adjay kuma
kayam mu nga aramiden
isu lang kayat mu nga
aramiden kasjay nu

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madim kaya madim

lattan kasjay lang,
makasangit dim ammu nu
anya ububraem nu idi
aglabor nakon kayat ku
ulyen idi kwa idin
tapnu maikkat lang
sakit na adjay lang

talaga ti pinaka
memorable ku kasta nga
talaga. Ay sobra ti
kastak sobra met ti
ayat ku a ta syempre
dinaladalam iti 9
months tapos finally
makitam met lang
masilayam met langen
adjay kinarkargam iti
9 months kasla ka pay
ma kwaan nu makitam
iti anak mu.”

(“The most memorable

experience during my
pregnancy is laboring,
those things that I
can do that’s the only
things I will do. If I
can’t do it. I
wouldn’t do it. It’s
tearful when you don’t
know what to do. When
I experience labor I
want to climb
everywhere to get rid
of the pain and when I
deliver my baby I am
very happy because I
carried it in my womb
for 9 months and
finally I saw her.”)
“Atuy nag bed rest nak pregnancy complication
talaga ajay inaldaw
ket maminduwa ti maysa
aldaw ket adda isirrek

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da itta pwertam nga

tabletas. Pampakapit
kay baby, nakirsang
ajay nga tabletas ajay
maysa aladaw ket bigat
kin rabii nga agikabil
ti tabletas. Duma lang
agijay tumarek nga
pang sikog ng inreseta
to doctor. Nu apan nak
agpa check up idi ket
agidda nak pay jay

lugan kasi bawal nak

talaga nga agtugaw.
Agkadwa kami palang
met kin jay asawak
idi. Open naman yung
baby ko sa side ng
tatay niya, madik met
iparit ta uray
pagbaliktadem ti
lubong ket ama na
latta met. Uray
nagbabae idi sikami
ket madik met iparit
kasi ama na latta
met.”

(“When I got
bedridden, which two
times everyday they
inserted a tablet in
my vagina. It is for
the baby, to prevent
miscarriage. It is a
rough tablet, and each
day two times that it
needs to be inserted
in me. Except the
other medications for
my pregnancy that I
need to take which are
prescribed by the
doctor. If I had a

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

check up that time I

would be lying in our
car because it is
really forbidden to
sit down. I’m still
with my partner during
that time. My baby is
open on his father's
side because I will
not forbid my daughter
to be with his father.
Because even if the
world turns upside
down, he’s still the
father of my child.
Even though he had
another girl when we

were still together, I

will not forbid him to
see his own
daughter.”)
“Siguro yung discrimination
pangungutya ng mga giving birth
tao. Yung
pinagtsitsimisan
parang hindi nag-aral
yung ginagawa ko.
Nakipagligawan o bf
lang ganun. Hindi ko
rin po makalimutan
yung paglabas ng baby
ko kasi yun yung una
na di ko maipaliwanag
yung nararamdaman ko.
Hindi ko mapaliwanag
kung masaya ba ko mix
emotion.”

(“Maybe it's people's

ridicule. They gossip
about it’a like I
didn't study. dating
or just having
boyfriend like that. I

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can't forget when my

baby came out because
that was the first
time I couldn't
explain my feelings. I
can't explain if I'm
happy, mix emotion.")

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SOP 04: think before you act.

Anong mga aral ang “Yung ano wag hahayaan
natamo ninyo mula sa na yung pagrerebelde don’t rebel
inyong karanasan na yung nangunguna ang prioritize studies
gusto ninyong ibahagi dapat isipin na lang
sa lipunan? muna nila isipin muna
natin yung bawat kilos
may consequences.
isang maling kilos mo
lang mabigat na
consequences yung
kapalit niya kaya
bilang teenage mom
gusto ko sa mga
teenagers ngayon lalo
na’t siyempre napag
daanan ko rin yung
pagiging marupok ganon
nalang wag nalang puro
ano iniisip. Isipin
nalang muna nila yung
pag aaral nila kasi,
wala kang
maipagmamalaki sa anak
mo kung wala kang
natapos.”

(Don’t let rebellion

take the lead, they
should just think
first, let's think
first that every
action has
consequences. just a
wrong move of yours a
serious consequence is
the change, so as a
teenage mom, I like
teenagers now to know,
especially since of
course I’ve also gone
through being fragile,
so just don’t focus on
rashness and
incontinence. Just
think about their

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

you do not have

something to be proud

of to your child if
you haven't finished
anything.)

“Sundin ang mga obey parents.

magulang at huwag mag
asawa ng maaga kasi Avoid married early.
mahirap ito lalo na
kung walang ka pang
sapat na kaalaman para
mag-alaga ng bata at
wala rin sapat ng pera
na pangtustos sa
anak.”

(“Always trust and

follow your parents
and don't get married
early. Life is hard;
taking care of a baby
is not an easy thing
especially when you do
not have enough
knowledge and money to
buy everything she/he
needs.”)
“Kung kailangan mo ng
atensyon ng parents mo approach parents in any
ng ganun katindi, problem.

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siguro kailangan mo
lang silang i approach
knowing parents kasi don’t seek attention
ngayong alam ko na othes
ngayong magulang na ko

mahirap talagang
hatiin ang oras mo
para sa sarili mo,
para sa anak mo,
pagkita ng pera and
lalo na sakin sa pag
aaral kaya kung
kailangan mo ng ganung
katinding oras at
atensyon ng pamilya
mo I approach sila and
huwag mong hanapin
yung atensyon na hindi
nila naibibigay kasi
sa sooner or later ay
pagsisihan mo yun. May
mga bagay kang
makakalimutan, at may
mga bagay na hindi mo
magagawa dahil dun.”

(“If you want the

attention of your
parents, just approach
them and tell them how
you feel because now I
know that managing
time for yourself and
your children is very
hard especially when
you are trying to earn
money and trying to
study, just approach
your parents. Don't
seek the attention you
crave from them into
others because in the
end you will regret
it. There are things
you will forget and

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

things you cannot do

because of it.”)
“Yung una po natutunan
ko, hindi pala difficulty having
madaling ang magkaroon an early family
ng family at the age don’t rush in love
of 18 ganon or less

then lalo na pag wala obey parents

yung mama mo dito na
tutulong sa iyo yung
kayo kayo lang mahirap
talaga doon mo ma re
realize na mahirap
magpalaki ng bata,
mahirap magkaroon ng
pamilya, mahirap kung
saan kikitain ang
pera, mahirap as in
mahirap na mahirap.
Hmmm, Ultimo self mo
hindi mo siya
maalagaan, hindi kana
rin makapag suklay
puro na lang sa baby,
sa family, sa gawaing
bahay. Ang gusto ko
lang sabihin sa mga
kabataan ngayon is
mag-aral muna sila.
Mas maganda pag yung
parents nila sundin
nila yung sinasabi ng
parents nila kasi
makakabuti talaga yun
hindi dahil strict
sila magrerebelde kana
hindi yun tama kasi
gusto lang naman ng
parents natin na
makakabuti yung kaya
sila nagiging strict
sa atin kasi para sa
atin din yun tapos
masasabi ko pa mag
focus muna na lang
muna sila sa pag aaral

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

kahit maraming boys

dyan na nagpapakilig
sa kanila or nag se
set ng commitment
hayaan na muna nila
yon kasi yung love
makakapag-antay for
the right time.”

(“First is, it’s not

easy to have your own

family at the age of
18 or even younger
especially when your
mother is not around
to help or guide you.
It is really hard when
you do it by yourself.
At that point you will
realize that it is not
easy to raise a child,
it’s hard to have your
family when you’re not
ready, it’s not easy
to find money, and
it’s really hard. You
can’t even take care
of yourself already,
not even to brush your
own hair, all your
time and attention is
focused only on the
baby. I wanted to tell
all youth that they
should prioritize
their studies first.
To obey their parents
because parents know
what is best for their
children, if they are
strict it’s not right
to be rebellious, it
is because they only
want what is best for

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

us. They should focus

first in their studies
and don’t mind the
boys or even their
words of commitment,
ignore them because
love can wait for the
right time.”)
“Marami po akong mga prioritize studies.
aral na natutunan,
pero ito nalang po difficult teenage
iyong sasabihin ko. mother
Mahirap po maging
isang batang ina, pero
at the same time

napakasaya kasi
nakikita mo iyong anak
mo na bunga ng
pagkakamali mo. Uhm
maraming mga pagsubok
ang mapagdadaanan mo,
pero worth it lahat ng
iyon kasi may anak ka
sa tabi mo na alam
mong nagmamahal sayo.
Hindi ko naman
sinasabi na mag asawa
na kayo, pero iba din
talaga kapag nakapag
tapos kana mas
magandang mag aral
muna bago mag asawa.”

(“I have learned a

lot, but this is all
I'm going to
share/say. It is hard
to be a young
mother/teenage mother,
but at the same time
it is very happy
because you can see
your baby which is the
result of your
mistake. You will face

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

a lot of challenges
but it is all worth
it. Because you have
your baby next to you,
which you know loves
you very much. I'm not
saying that you must
get married now,
because it is still
different if you
already finished your
studies, it is still
the best to study
first before getting
married/having your
own family.”)
“Ti maibagak lang ket
mayat ti agbalasang nu

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MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING

ma ipapas mu. Ti kayat prioritize studies

ku lang met nga I
share ket agbasa nga prevent early
masayaat tapnu iti pregnancy
kasta ket matungtong
tayo iti kayat tayo ta
haan tayu nga
magrigrigat narigat
nga agbirok ti trabahu
lalo nu di ka
nakagradwar narigat ti
awan adal na lalo nu
agpamilya kan syempre
nu haan ka nakaadal
awan met nasayaat nga
trabahu I share ku
lang nga agbasa nga
nasayaat tapnu ti
kasta kht maka graduar
makaala ti napintas
nga trabaho tapnu han
marigatan t
biag...iwasan muna
agidiay kasla kanyak
nga nasapa nga
nasikugar tapno kasta
makaturpos ti
panagbasa.”

(“All I can say is

that it's good to be a
maiden, especially
when you enjoy it. I
just want to share or
give a lesson to
everyone that you must
study hard so that you
can achieve what you
want in life and it
will not be difficult
to find a job. It's
hard if you’re not
graduated, especially
if you have your own
family because if you
don't graduate there's

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no good job either.

Again, study hard so
that it is easy for

you to have a good

job. Avoid early
pregnancy like me for
you to graduate.”)
think before you act
don’t love too much

“Ajay lang, ajay dapat

nu agaramid da ti
desisyon ket hanlang
nga mamin sangapulo da
nga panunuten dapat
mamin sangaribo. Kin
maysa nga banag nu,
once nga inaramid mo
takderam han mo nga
ipaikkat dapat
takderan da. Kin maysa
handa kuma paylang
agay ayat ti pirme
kasi nu once nga
mainlove ka ti pirme
hanka makaadal nu
kasjay. Dapat ket
agibati ka latta ti
sarilim tapnu hanka
maibusan pagdating ti
panahon kasjay lang.”

(“If they will make a

decision in life, they
should not just think
ten times but they
should think for a
thousand times rather.
And another thing,
once you’ve done
something, take a
stand on it. Do not
try to get rid of your
problems in a
convenient way,

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and take a stand. Last

thing, don’t fall in
love too much. Because
once you fall in love
deeply, you will not
be able to finish your
studies. You must
learn how to spare

love for yourself, for

you not to feel empty
when the time comes.”)

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“Ang mga aral na Difficult teenage

natamo sa aking parenting
karanasan ay mahirap prioritize studies
pala maging isang ina
kung inaakalo mong
madali lang mahirap
ito kasi wala kang
trabaho hindi moa lam
kung paano mo tustusan
yung baby kasi nga
wala akong trabaho
hindi pa ko
nakapagtapos ng
pagaaral, hindi ko
alam kung paano naming
bubuhayin ang aming
anak. Sabi ko nga sa
sarili ko noon sana
nakinig nalang ako mga
magulang ko. Ang
masasabi ko sa mga
kabataan ngayon na
teenager na gusting
makipagtalik ang
masasabi ko lang
please wag niyo ituloy
kasi mahirap magkaroon
ng maagang pamilya.
Mag-aral muna kayo
habang may pag-asa
kayong makapagaral
para balang araw
makakahanap kayo ng
magandang trabaho para
sa inyong pamilya.
Sabi nga nila think
before you click.”

(“The lesson that I

learned from my past
experience is that, it
is really hard to
become a mother, if
you think it’s easy
then it’s not, it is
difficult because you

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don’t have work and

you can’t sustain the
needs of your baby. I
don’t have work
because because I did
not finish my studies
yet. We don’t know if
how we will provide
for our child. I told
myself in the past, I
should have listen to
my parents. My advice
to all the teenagers
out there dont rush
into things, dont have
sex. It is not easy to
have your own family
when you are too
young. Study first
while you still have
the chance to continue
your studies so that
in the future you will
get into nice job for
your family. As they
say think first before
you click.”)
SOP 05: “Sa panlabas na anyo Good mother
Maari mo bang ilarawan ano ako payat, medyo
ang iyong sarili? maitim, tapos hindi
ako masyadong mapag
ayos sa sarili ko.
Tapos sa panloob naman
mabait ako, minsan
lang nagsusungit din.
Maano akong mother ano
to... mabait akong
mother, ako ay
maalalahanin sa aking
1 year old na anak.
siya ay baby boy”

(”In terms of my
external appearance, I
am skinny, slightly

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tanned and I’m not

fond of grooming
myself too much and
then in terms of

internal
characteristics, I am
kind but sometimes I
am a snob too. In
terms of being a
mother, I am a caring
mother. I have a baby
boy and he is already
One year old.”)

“Noon mahirap dahil Young

bata pa kami wala pa
kami sa tamang edad
para mag trabaho sa
ngayon naman hindi ko
kasama ang anak ko.”

(“That's when we were

younger we weren't at
the right age to work,
right now I wasn't
with my son.”)
“Someone na Flexible
mapasensya, madaling
mag adjust sa kahit
anong sitwasyon,
friendly pero strict,
masungit daw tapos
maattitude sa taong
masungit sakin.
Gustong gusto ko ng
organize na mga
bagay.”

(“I'm patient, I am
flexible in any
situation, friendly
but strict. If you
have a bad attitude
towards me I'll do the

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same to you. I like an

organized thing.”)
“Pag appearance po, Good appearance &
singkit uhmm chinita, behavior
tapos medyo mahaba
yung buhok, slim tapos
sa ugali po medyo
mabait depende sa
taong kausap ko tapos

parang regular lady

lang din po.”

(”In my appearance,
Chinky, my hair is
slightly long, and
slim. Then in my
behavior I'm kind
depending on the
people I talked to.
Then similar to the
regular/normal lady.”)
“Uhm sa ngayon po isa Full time Mom
akong full time mom
and kasama ko po iyong
boyfriend ko sa
pagtataguyod sa aming
kaisa isang anak. Uhm
upang mas maalagaan
siya ng mabuti napag
desisyonan kong
huminto muna sa
pagaaral pero papasok
narin po ako this next
school year.”

(”For now, I'm a full

time mom and I'm with
my boyfriend in
supporting our only
child. I decided to
stop studying for a
while to take care of
my baby, but I will
continue my studies

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this next school

year.”)
“Nangisit, naggaget, Good appearance &
madiskarte, maasahan behavior
kasjay lang ken kwa
met kasjay lang
ading…”

(“I have a dark skin

complexion, I'm
diligent, good when it
comes to strategy and
a reliable person.”)

“Nasingpet, medyo Hardworking

mataray, nagaget,
napudaw, bassit.”

(“I am kind, a bit

brat, and hardworking.
I’m a petite and have
a fair skin
complexion.”)

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“Bilang isang batang

ina masasabi kong Teenage Mother
mahirap kasi
napapabayaan ko ang
aking sarili pati nga
ang pagligo di ko
magawa pati ang
pagsusuklay. Hindi ko
naayos ang aking
sarili gigising ako sa
hating gabi para
magtimpla ng gatas ng
baby ko at gigising
ako ng maaga sobrang
hirap talaga maging
isang maagang ina pero
worth it kasi naalis
ang pagod kapag
nakikita ko ang aking
anak. Ugali ko bilang
isa ina ay Mabuti
naman po ako, kulot
po, mataba, matangkad,
mabait
naman po ako.”

(“As a teenage mother,

it is really hard
because you are
neglecting yourself
already, you dont have
time to take a bath
and brush my hair. I
can’t fix myself, and
I need to wake up in
the middle of the
night to make milk for
my baby, then I still
need to wake up early.
It is really hard to

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become a mother, but

it's all worth it when
I look at my child
because he removes all
my tiredness. As a
mother I’m a good one,
I have curly hair,
fat, tall, and kind
too.”)

STATEMENT OF THE CLUSTER THEMES EMERGENT THEMES

PROBLEM
CODES

1. • Poor parent and child

 Broken family relationship
 Peer pressure • Peer influence Personal issues
 Lack of attention
 Family problem
 Peer pressure
 Love
 Family problem

1. Financial • Lack of financial

 difficulties Lack support
of support • Inability to continue
 Financial study
 difficulties Self
doubt
 Compromised
 Education
Compromised
 Education
Supportive family
 Financial
 difficulties

2. Taking Care Rough Adjustment

 Postpartum • Managing Difficulties
 Depression as Teenage Mother
Adjustment
 Financial Problem • Defying family and
 Criticism community criticism

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
•
 Separation

3. •Plenty Support
• Pray to God System Enhance
Connections
• Prayer

• Family Support •Reliance to God

• Pretending

• Caring Friends and

Classmates

• Good
Communication

• Facing it
wholeheartedly

• Optimistic

• Concerned Sibling

• Have Faith

• Parental Guidance

4.
 Giving birth Great
and labor • Transition to responsibility
 Giving birth motherhood
 Pregnancy • Bullying and social
discrimination
 Bullying
 Discrimination

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• strengthen
 obey parents communication with
 approach parent in love ones.
any problem • Hardship of teenage
 don't seek parenting
attention to
others
 prioritize studies
- think before you
act
 don't rebel

5. acceptance of
• Good mother parenting role Young mother’s
• Full time mother  personal concept of acknowledgement
• Teenage mother self
• Flexible 
• Good appearance
and behavior
• Hardworking

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Maria Josephine P. Buhisan

Civil Status: Single

Address: Malabbac, Iguig, Cagayan

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Date of Birth: July 15, 1999

Religion: Roman Catholic

Email Address: [email protected] Educational

Background:

Primary: Malabbac Elementary School

Year Graduated: 2006 - 2012

Junior High School: Gammad National High School

Year Graduated: 2012-2016

Senior High School: International School of Asia and the

Pacific

Year Graduated: 2016-2018

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: April A. Butacan

Civil Status: Married

Address: Malabbac, Iguig, Cagayan

Religion: Born Again Christian

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Email Address: [email protected] Educational

Background:

Primary: Malabbac Elementary School

Year Graduated: 1993-1999

Secondary: Cagayan State University Laboratory Highschool

Year Graduated: 1999-2003

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Julie Anne H. Palle

Civil Status: Single

Address: Olango, Mallig, Isabela

Religion: Crusaders of the Divine Church of Christ

Email Address: [email protected] Educational

Background:

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Primary: Olango Elementary School

Year Graduated: 2007-2012

Junior High School: Mallig National High School

Year Graduated: 2012-2016

Senior High School: Florencio L. Vargas College-

Tuguegarao Campus

Year Graduated: 2016-2018

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Lea Abigail T. Rabanal

Civil Status: Single

Address: Centro 1, Lasam, Cagayan

Date of Birth: June 9, 2000

Religion: Roman Catholic

Email Address: [email protected] Educational

Background:

Primary: International Montessori School

Year Graduated: 2011-2012

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Junior High School: Western Cagayan School of Arts and

Trades

Year Graduated: 2015-2016

Senior High School: Western Cagayan School of Arts and

Trades

Year Graduated: 2017-2018

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Cassey Faith S. Utayde

Civil Status: Single

Address: Namuac, Sanchez Mira, Cagayan

Date of Birth: March 13,2000

Religion: IFI

Email Address: [email protected] Educational

Background:

Primary: Nagrangtayan-Magacan Elementary School

Year Graduated: 2011-2012

Junior High School: Namuac Academy

Year Graduated: 2015-2016

Senior High School: Namuac Academy

Year Graduated: 2017-2018

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158