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Types of Busbar Schemes

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Raj Kandari
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64 views

Types of Busbar Schemes

Uploaded by

Raj Kandari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Let’s start with different bus-bar schemes or systems in an electrical substation.

1. Single Bus System


• This is the most basic and simple Bus Bar system.
• In this type, all incoming and outgoing bays such as lines, transformers, and
feeders are directly connected to a single bus.

Advantages
• Due to its simple design, it is easy and convenient to operate. It is very
economical, because of its least capital cost among all bus Bar systems.

Disadvantages
• In this type, maintenance activity of any bay or equipment such as a
transformer is not possible without service interruption of the particular bay
or equipment.

• In case of fault on bus or bus outage for maintenance, all the bays connected
to the bus get interrupted.
2. Single Bus with Bus Section System
• This is a single bus system, with additional circuit breaker and isolators,
making two different sections of bus, hence called a single bus system with
bus sections.

Advantages
• Since there are two sections, separated by a circuit breaker, the fault on one
section does not interrupt the other section of the bus. Circuit breaker isolates
faulty section from the healthy one.
• Maintenance of the bus section can be done individually, without affecting
other section. Hence power supply continuity is maintained.

Disadvantages
• The cost of circuit breaker and isolators is added to the capital cost.
3. Main & Transfer Bus System
• There are two buses, one main bus and the other transfer bus also called an
auxiliary bus.
• Each bay or equipment such as line, and transformer are connected to both the
buses, to main bus through circuit breaker and isolators, and to transfer bus
through auxiliary isolator only.
• These two buses are connected by circuit breaker and isolators, called bus
coupler, and this bay is called transfer bus coupler TBC bay.
• In normal conditions, the load of all bays is on the main bus, and the transfer
bus is in standby mode, which means auxiliary isolators are open. Also, TBC
bay circuit breaker and isolators are open. So, this is a normal condition.
• Because of such arrangements, the load of any bay can be shifted on the
transfer bus.

Advantages

• Circuit breaker maintenance of any bay can be done without interrupting the
power supply.This arrangement provides more flexibility.

Disadvantages
The only disadvantage is that it adds up the cost of the auxiliary bus, TBC
breaker, and isolators.

4. The Double Breaker Bus System


• There are two bus bars, bus 1 and bus 2, as we can see in the diagram, each
bay or equipment such as a line, or a transformer is connected to both the
buses, through breaker and isolators to each bus.
• This means each bay has two breakers for bus 1 and bus 2, hence this is called
a double breaker bus system.
• In normal conditions, both the buses are charged.
• The difference between this one and the previous transfer bus system is that
in this system each bay has two breakers whereas, in the case of the transfer
bus system, each bay has only one breaker and auxiliary isolator. Hence this
system does not require a separate TBC bay.

Advantages

This system is the most flexible and causes the least interruption.

Disadvantages
Capital cost is very high as two breakers are required for each bay.

5. Double Breaker Bus System with A Bus Section


Double-breaker bus system, with the addition of a bus section to one of the buses.

Advantages

Due to the bus section flexibility and reliability of the system increases.

Disadvantages

This additional bus section increases the cost and maintenance of the system.
6. One & Half Breaker Bus System
• each bay is fed through its breaker and tie-breaker, by both buses. This
means both buses are charged and are in parallel through a tie-breaker.
• With this system, the load of any bay can be shifted on any bus, without
interruption.
• maintenance of any breaker can be done without interruption.
• This is an improvised version of a double-breaker bus system. In the
previous double breaker bus system, each bay has two breakers, which
means four breakers for two bays. Whereas in this system, two bays have
a common tie-breaker, which means two bays have a total of three breakers
instead of four. Hence called a one and half breaker system.

Advantages

As seen, there is no interruption at all in case of fault or failure of any one of


the buses.
Disadvantages

Capital cost is high since additional tie-breaker and associated isolators are
required.

7. Double Bus System with Bypass Isolators


• This is nothing but a main and transfer bus system with the addition of
bypass isolators to each bay. In normal conditions, we can see the load is
on the main bus, with bypass isolators open.
• ow transfer bus can be used as the main bus, and the main bus as the
transfer bus by closing bypass isolators and opening respective bus
isolators. Please note that shut down is required to shift the complete load
on another bus, to use as the main bus. TBC operation is the same as we
discussed in the main and transfer bus system.

Advantages

Generally, main bus equipment is in constant service, whereas transfer bus


equipment is taken in service only during maintenance of main bus
equipment. But due to this arrangement, the role of the main and transfer bus
can be interchanged, and we can use the equipment alternatively. This
increases the lifespan of all the equipment altogether.
Disadvantages

The cost of the bypass isolator is added to the capital cost.

To select a suitable bus-bar systems.


• Cost-effective. Bus-bar scheme considered for any particular substation should
deliver all the requirements with minimal capital cost.

• Should have Simple and easy maintenance.

• Should be easy to take outages, without or minimal supply interruptions.

• Bus bar schemes should be suitable for any upcoming future modifications at that
particular substation.

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