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The Chapter Atoms 2

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10 views

The Chapter Atoms 2

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903261
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© © All Rights Reserved
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The

Chapter
Atoms:
Importance
of Atomic
Models

Presentation by:-
Debashish Sahoo
Class:-XII A NEXT

Roll no. 36
Thomson's Atomic
Model
• Contribution s

J.J. Thomson's model of the atom proposed


the existence of negatively charged
electrons embedded in a positively charged
sphere, known as the 'plum pudding'
model. His work led to the discovery of the
electron and provided the foundation for
future atomic models.

• Impact
Thomson's model suggested that the atom
is a positively charged 'pudding' with
negatively charged electrons dispersed
within it. This simple model helped in
understanding the structure of the atom
and was a significant step toward modern
atomic theory.

• Model Description
Thomson's model marked the transition
from the concept of indivisible atoms to
that of atoms comprising smaller,
subatomic particles. This understanding
revolutionized the field of atomic physics
and laid the groundwork for subsequent
atomic models.

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2
Rutherford's Atomic
Model
• Experiments
Ernest Rutherford's famous gold foil
experiment led to the discovery of
the atomic nucleus and the proposal
of the nuclear model of the atom.
This experiment revealed the
existence of a small, dense positively
charged nucleus at the center of the
atom.

• Significance
Rutherford's model depicted the
atom as consisting of a small,
positively charged nucleus
surrounded by electrons orbiting at
a distance. This concept
fundamentally changed the
understanding of atomic structure.

• Model Description
Rutherford's model challenged the
earlier 'plum pudding' model and
introduced the nuclear concept of
the atom. It laid the foundation for
the development of quantum theory
and our modern understanding of
the atomic structure.

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3
Bohr's Atomic Model
• Model Analysis
Niels Bohr's model proposed that
electrons orbit the nucleus in
distinct energy levels, explaining the
stability of the atom. This introduced
the concept of quantized energy
levels and the emission and
absorption of radiation.

• Quantum Revolution
Bohr's model provided a quantum
mechanical explanation for the atomic
spectra and laid the groundwork for
understanding the electronic structure of
atoms. It bridged the gap between classical
physics and quantum mechanics,
contributing significantly to atomic theory.

• Impact on Atomic
Theory
Bohr's model revolutionized the
understanding of atomic structure and its
relation to quantum mechanics. It played a
crucial role in the development of modern
physics and set the stage for the further
evolution of atomic models.

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4
Comparative Analysis

Atomic Model Key Contributions Significance 5

Discovery of electrons, Foundation for atomic


Thomson
Plum pudding model models

Gold foil experiment, Revelation of atomic


Rutherford
Nuclear model nucleus

Bridge between
Quantized energy
Bohr classical and
levels, Atomic spectra
quantum physics

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Modern Atomic Model

• Development
The modern atomic model, based on
quantum mechanics, portrays the electron
cloud as the probable location of electrons
within a defined region around the nucleus.
This model emphasizes the probabilistic
nature of electron behavior and has led to
advanced understandings of atomic
properties.

• Quantum
Mechanics
The modern atomic model integrates complex
mathematical concepts from quantum
mechanics to describe the behavior of
electrons within atoms, leading to a more
precise and comprehensive understanding of
atomic structure and properties.

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6
Conclusion and
Relevance

• Importance
The study of atomic models has been
crucial in unraveling the nature of
matter and understanding the
fundamental building blocks of the
universe. From the early
conceptualizations to the modern
quantum-mechanical depiction,
atomic models have shaped our
knowledge of the atomic realm,
paving the way for innovations in
various scientific disciplines.

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