SEMINARIO MAYOR “SAN OSCAR ARNULFO ROMERO”

ETAPA DE DISCIPULADO

Students:

• Amilcar Oswaldo Valladares Pereira

• Frankling Osman Mejía Diaz
• Maynor Josue Gómez Cárcamo
• Melvin Jesus Bautista Gómez

Topic:
The Simple Present

Subject:

English

Teacher:

Lic. Juan Majano

 INDEX

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 3
THE SIMPLE PRESENT: ....................................................................................................................... 4
Grammatical Rules:.............................................................................................................................. 4
STRUCTURE: ...................................................................................................................................... 4
USES: ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
EXCEPTION: ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Keys to use the present simple ................................................................................................................. 6
Notes on the third person singular of the "simple present".................................................................. 7
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 8
REFERENCES: ........................................................................................................................................ 9

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 INTRODUCTION

When we speak of the various verb tenses, we must talk about both how to form the
tense, as well as when we use it. Therefore, in this lesson, as with all the other verb tense
lessons, we will look at both structure and use.

Understanding verb tenses is paramount in mastering language proficiency, as they

shape our communication by indicating the timing and nature of actions. In this
comprehensive guide to the Present Simple tense, we delve into its formation, usage, and
nuances. Just as with other verb tenses, we explore both its structural components and
practical applications. From affirmative to negative and interrogative sentences, we unravel
the grammatical rules that underpin this fundamental tense. Moreover, we delve into its
multifaceted uses, ranging from describing habitual actions to stating general truths and
scheduling future events. By delving into the intricacies of the Present Simple tense, learners
can enhance their linguistic skills and effectively convey ideas in various contexts.

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 THE SIMPLE PRESENT:

Grammatical Rules:
Form:
When conjugating the verb in the present simple, we use the infinitive with the
following subjects: “I”, “you”, “we”, and “they”. For the third person (“he”, “she” and “it”),
we add an “-s” to the end of the verb.

SUBJECT CONJUGATION
I, you, we, they talk, eat, learn, do, go…
he, she, it talks, eats, learns, does, goes…

STRUCTURE:
o Affirmative Sentences

(Subject + verb.)

Examples:

• I talk.
• He eats.
• They learn.

o Negative Sentences
(Subject + auxiliary verb (to do) + negative auxiliary (not) + verb.)

Examples:

• I do not [don’t] talk.

• He does not [doesn’t] eat.
• They do not [don’t] learn.

o Interrogative Sentences (Auxiliary verb (to do) + subject + verb?)

Examples:

• Do you talk?
• Does he eat?
• Do they learn

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 USES:

We use the present simple when speaking about things that happen regularly. It is
never used to speak about something that is happening at the moment in which we are
speaking.

We tend to use adverbs of time with the present simple:

• always • sometimes
• every day • rarely
• usually • hardly ever
• often • never

Examples:

• I always talk to my mother on Sunday.

• He never eats vegetables.
• They usually learn something new in class.

EXCEPTION:

Adverbs of time are generally located before the verb, except when they are used with
the verb “to be”. When using “to be”, the adverb is found after the verb.

Examples:
• I am always happy.
• He is often sick.
• They are rarely late.
•
1. The present simple is used to speak about generalities or scientific facts.

Examples:

• He does not [doesn’t] eat vegetables.

• She works in a hospital.
• Elephants live in Africa.
• Bogota is in Colombia.
• Do children like animals?
• Adults do not [don’t] know everything.

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 2. We also use the present simple for events scheduled in the near future.

Examples:

• The train leaves at 10:00.

• The party is tonight.
• Does the festival start tomorrow?
• The plane does not [doesn’t] arrive today.

3. We use the present simple for giving instructions (the imperative).

Examples:
• Open the window.
• Eat the vegetables.
• Don’t cry.
• Do your homework.
• Call your mother.

Keys to use the present simple.

Let's establish some key conditions so that you can use and express yourself correctly
with the present simple:
1. When you want to communicate permanent states or actions.

Examples:

• The earth is the third planet from the sun.

2. When manifesting states or situations that are routine or actions that have periodicity.

Examples:

• Every ten years is a decade.

3. To talk about habits, routines or events that are repeated in certain periods of time.

Examples:
• I drink coffee every morning.

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 4. When you give directions, instructions and signs.

Examples:

• You go down this street to the cinema, then you turn right.

5. To transmit appointments, events or commitments that will happen at a certain time.

Examples:

• Tomorrow is my birthday!

Notes on the third person singular of the "simple present"

In the third person singular, the verb always ends in -s: he want s , she need s , he give
s , she think s.

For the negative and interrogative forms, DOES (= third person auxiliary 'DO') + the
infinitive of the verb is used.

He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberries? He does n't want vanilla.

Verbs that end in -y : in the third person singular, the -y is changed to -ies :
fly --> fl ies , cry --> cr ies

Exception : when a vowel precedes the - y :

play -- > play s , pray --> pray s

We add -es to verbs that end in: -ss, -x, -sh, -ch :
he pass es, she catch es, he fix es, it push es

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 CONCLUSION

As a group we concluded that understanding tenses is essential to mastering a

language, as they shape our communication by indicating when and how actions occur. In
the lesson we have developed about the simple present, the importance of understanding both
its structure and its use is highlighted. For this reason, it has been developed in a formal way
and at the same time using examples that must have greater comprehension ability. Using the
training down to the nuances of application, as having explored this tense allows us to better
understand how to express habitual actions, general truths and future events. Ultimately, the
complexities of the present simple have been delved into, as students we can gain greater
language skills and communicate more effectively in a variety of contexts. In short, it has
been more knowledgeable for us to understand this verb tense, since it is applied in the field
of daily life.

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 REFERENCES:

• Finalize details (no date) Cite This For Me, a Chegg service. Available at:
https://www.citethisforme.com/cite/sources/websiteautociteconfirm (Accessed: 10
May 2024).

• Estructura, Reglas y ejemplos del present simple en inglés (no date) Presente simple
en inglés. Reglas y ejemplos de cómo usarlo. Available at:
https://www.britishcouncil.co/blog/aprende-ingles/present-simple (Accessed: 03
April 2024).

• Simple present en inglés: Simple present tense: EF global site (español) (no date) en
inglés | Simple present tense | EF Global Site (Español). Available at:
https://www.ef.com/wwes/recursos-aprender-ingles/gramatica-inglesa/simple-
present/ (Accessed: 03 May 2024).

• USA El present simple Como Nativo con Estas Reglas, Estructuras y Ejemplos (no
date) Present simple: uso, conjugación y ejemplos | British Council. Available at:
https://www.britishcouncil.org.mx/blog/present-simple (Accessed: 11 May 2024).

• Grammarly (2023) Simple present tense: How to use it, with examples, Grammarly.
Available at: https://www.grammarly.com/blog/simple-present/ (Accessed: 11 May
2024).