Command Procedures and

Functioning; Order Execution

of Operations (Briefing).

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1 INTRODUCTION.
This document has been prepared in order to organize, structure and unify criteria in the
development of procedures in Operations Orders (Briefing), these are carried out every
time a flight mission is structured and according to this we can know and distribute the
command functions, from a flight leader to his work team, thus achieving the fulfillment of
the objective, with a minimum of personnel casualties and a maximum profile of
achievements achieved in the mission carried out.

We will also learn to generate these operations orders as they are done in real life, adding
one more parameter to our virtual reality and bringing us closer to the normal life of a
pilot within his base.

2 AIM.
Define through these procedures the unification of preparation criteria and speaking the
same language every time a mission is carried out.

3 DEVELOPMENT.
We started our development directly to the objective we have in this document.

3.1 GENERAL GUIDE IN ORDER OF OPERATIONS.

MISSION PREPARE

1. Meeting Time
2. What threat do we have today?
3. Mission Objective(s)
4. Mission Overview
5. Preparation of the Mission Data Card.
a. Mission Commander (Leader) and his deputy.
b. Minimum fuel quantity for the BINGO FUEL alert.
c. Takeoff and landing data
d. Work zone.
6. Environmental conditions..
a. Weather/TDA (Tactical Decision Aid) Support for making a tactical decision.
b. Sunrise/Sunset (if applicable)
c. Moon Lighting (if applicable)
7. NOTAMs_Notice To Airmen .
8. Equipment to be carried by staff.
9. Flight crew file information/Publications/Maps, Charts and others.

PREPARATION ON GROUND

1. Pre-Flight.
a. Aircraft Type
b. Weapon Type.
 2. Ground crew briefing (If applicable)
a. They act only on the pilot's instructions.
b. Ground emergency procedures.
c. Hand signals.
d. Aircraft danger zone.
3. Reception or arrival.
4. Filming/Calculations/Assembly.
5. Procedures for replacing parts or spare parts.

TAKEOFF

1. Runway Line/Track in Use (Track Direction).

2. Takeoff formation.
3. Time interval during takeoff.
4. Abortion Procedures.
5. Landing immediately after takeoff.

DEPARTURE/DEPARTURE/TAKEOFF.

1. Grouping point
2. Flight formation and possible changes.
3. Procedures check.

RECOVERY

1. Flight recovery point.

2. Damage received in battle/Available weaponry (If applicable).
3. Flight breakup (if applicable).
4. Contingency Flight Route.
a. Armament on unused wings (If applicable).
b. Failed Armament/Airplane Failures (If applicable).
5. Traffic and Landing Procedure.
6. Landing and disassembly of the ship.
3.2 GUIDELINES FOR ORDER OF OPERATIONS SPECIAL CASES.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Instructor Responsibilities.
2. Pursuit procedures.
3. IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) procedures, identification friend or foe.
4. Visual search responsibilities/Avoid mid-flight collisions/Flight path to avoid
conflicts.
5. Unusual and applicable training.
6. Prevention altitudes.
a. Departure / en route / Recovery
b. Use of the Radio Altimeter (RALT).
 7. Procedures in case of birds on the route / Use viewers.
8. Risks associated with human factors (i.e., channeled attention, task
saturation/prioritization, and complacency).
9. “G” Consciousness.
a. Effects of Gravity on Spins/Anti-G Suit Connections/Loss of Consciousness.
b. Use L-1 Anti-G Stress (AGSM) maneuvers.
10. Visual illusions / Perceptions.
11. Spatial disorientation / Unusual Attitudes / Excessive illusion G.
12. Loss of your companion or Wing
13. Radio malfunction or inoperative.
14. Search and rescue, Air Patrol.
15. Call procedures.
16. Special Instructions Indicator.

3.3 NAVIGATION AND INSTRUMENTATION OPERATIONS.

ASCENT

1. Output Instrumentation.
a. Power and Speed.
b. Departure or takeoff in column. (If apply).
c. Route to follow (SID and STAR departures and arrivals, radar vectors,…others.).
2. Flight level.
3. Training.

CRUISE.

1. Cruise route.
2. General Cruise Information.
3. Navigation Aids.
4. Fuel awareness/General operations check.
AREA OR ZONE.

1. Work area in the air.

a. Airspace restrictions.
b. Extensive knowledge of the area and orientation.
c. Instructor Responsibilities (If applicable).
d. “G” awareness and maneuvers to execute.

APPROACHES.

1. Established frequencies.
2. Waiting procedures (Discharge manual in hand)
3. Entry procedure.
4. Procedures for missed approaches (Missed Approach)/Climbing departures.
 SPECIAL CASES.

1. Alternate mission in case you cannot carry out the main one.
2. Emergency Procedures/Use of an Alternate Base.
3. Procedure for spatial disorientation.
4. Procedures for unusual attitudes.
5. Risks associated with human factors (i.e., channeled attention, task
saturation/prioritization, and complacency).
6. Minimum ejection altitude.
7. Procedure for loss of a companion or Wing.
8. Considerations that must be taken for the use of lights on airplanes.

3.4 FUEL SUPPLY OPERATIONS IN THE

AIR.
GENERAL.

1. Tanker Call Sign/Assignment Reception.

2. Recharge Route/Altitude and Speed.
3. Radio Frequency with the Tanker.
4. Fuel Refueling Initiation Point [Air Refueling Initiation Point (ARIPs)], Refueling
Control Point [Air Refueling Control Point (ARCPs)], Refueling Time Control Point
(ARCT)].

FLIGHT PROCEDURES.

1. Departures/Takeoffs.
2. Meeting point.
ON ROUTE.

1. Flight rout.
2. Type of Training.
3. Operations Check.

MEETING POINT.

1. Meeting Type.
2. Waiting/Training Procedures.
3. Ground Radar Assistance.
4. Tanker Identification / TACAN Position in the Air / Communication with Ground
Radar / ADF (Automatic Search Direction) / Visual Procedure.
5. Responsibilities of the leader and his Wing.
6. Training when joining the tanker/Docking procedure.
7. Meeting point after recharging.
 FUEL REFILL.

1. Use of the procedure list for Recharge.

2. Radio calls corresponding to the process.
3. Reloading/Selection order of the aircraft in turns.
4. Well understood and practiced recharging procedure or technique.
5. Radio silence procedure/Emergency Conditions (EMCON Emergency
Condition)/Visual Signals.
6. Fuel refill amount.
7. Base boarding point and Boarding Point.
8. Breaking or disconnection procedure.
9. Alert to gusts of wind, procedures.

MEETING POINT AND RECHARGE DEPARTURE.

1. Type of Training.
2. Clearance signal.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.

1. Breakup or Breakup Procedures in Flight.

2. Procedures for system malfunctions.
3. Procedures when there is damage to the tanker coupling.
4. Use of Instrumentation for adverse meteorological conditions IMC/
USE OF INSTRUMENTATION FOR ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS IMC/NIGHT
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION.

1. Procedure for Loss of companion or Wing.

a. During the route.
b. In the Tanker.
2. Use of lights on airplanes.

SPECIAL CASES.

1. Alternate Mission in case of operation failures.

2. Procedure for spatial disorientation.
3. Risks associated with human factors (i.e., channeled attention, task
saturation/prioritization, and complacency).

3.5 ORDER OF OPERATIONS AIR COMBAT TRAINING MISSION.

GENERAL.

1. List of Call Signs.

2. Number of aircraft during training.
3. Formations.
a. Reference point and types of formations.
 b. Visual cues in flight.
4. Meeting after the flight./Time and place.
5. “G” Awareness/Gravity Tolerance.
6. Area Information.
a. Responsible for the Control Zone.
b. Airspace limits and restrictions.
c. Frequencies.
d. Transponder codes.
e. Minimum and maximum altitudes/Locked altitudes.

TACTICAL PROCEDURES.

1. Confrontation theater.
a. Type of simulated theater/Tactical limitations.
b. Security Areas/Front line of the battlefield. FEBA.
c. Entry route to the Objective area and Exit from it/Location of targets.
2. Minimum Training Altitude. LOWAT Low Altitude Training.
a. Minimum altitudes.
b. Maneuver limitations.
3. Basic Combat Maneuvers. BFM/Basic Fighter Maneuvers.
a. Tactical flight configurations.
b. Offensive Operations.
c. Defensive Operations.
4. Flight/Tactical Elements.
a. Tactical Operations/Mutual Support.
b. Training/ Surrounding airspace observation responsibilities.
c. Roles and Responsibilities of:
i. WHITE HITCH.
ii. SUPPORT FROM YOUR WINGS OR FLIGHT COMPANIONS.
d. Clearance order to companions or Wings to engage targets.
e. Use of Radios.
f. Dismissal/Separation/Reunion Procedures.
g. Conclusion of the exercise.
5. Use of Weapons.
a. Weapon Systems/Operations with RWR/IFF/ECM.
b. Amount of simulated weapons and type to use.
c. Firing Criteria./Study of the procedures for the use of different types of Air/Air
weapons and established configurations.
d. Target destruction and withdrawal criteria.

CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPECIFIC MISSIONS.

1. Air/Air Training Rules.

2. Visual search responsibilities/Avoid mid-flight collisions/Flight path to avoid
conflicts.
3. Maneuver Limitations.
 a. Angle of Attack AOA/Speed and Gravities to use.
b. Recognition/Prevention and recovery from an out of control situation.
c. Gross Weight, effect on maneuvers.
d. Limitations:
i. Of airplanes
ii. Of Armament.
e. Asymmetric configuration and applicable power.
f. Adverse yaw/Stall acceleration.
g. Losses/Departures.
i. Susceptible to engine loss.
ii. Effective flight control.
iii. Use of AOA/Auditory tones.
h. AOA-10 only consideration, AOA-10 only.
i. AOA-10 vs High performance in combat.
j. Energy/Power Limitations.
SPECIAL CASES.

1. Emergencies/Escorts/Recovery to a formation.
2. Additional considerations:
a. Capture by videos./Video Tape Record.
b. Recording Tapes.
c. TACAN Air/Air.
d. Coded words.
e. Meteorological conditions.
3. Risks associated with human factors (i.e., channeled attention, task
saturation/prioritization, and complacency).
4. Alternate Mission.

3.6 ORDER OF OPERATIONS FOR ESCORT MISSIONS.

ORGANIZATION OF THE FLIGHT EN ROUTE/NAVIGATION RETURN TO
BASE.

1. Flight formation for return.

2. Pre-planned flight route/Applicable restrictions.
3. Control office responsible for designating call signs and establishing radio
frequencies.

REORGANIZATION

1. Protect Call Signs/Radio Frequencies.

2. Number of Aircraft/Type of aircraft.
3. Aircraft Meeting Point.
4. Altitude
5. Speed.
 ESCORT PROCEDURES

1. Type of Flight Formation.

2. Tactical operations/Mutual Support.
3. Established route for Escort/Speed.
4. Weapon considerations to carry.
5. Use of Electronic Counter Measures/Radar silence/Radio silence.
3.7 LOW LEVEL/LOW ALTITUDE NAVIGATION OPERATIONS/TACTICAL
NAVIGATION.
GENERAL.

1. Routes/Clearances/Restrictions.
2. Flight Responsibilities.
a. Navigation.
b. Visual search responsibilities.
c. Radio Procedures.
3. Income/time intervals/Waiting.

PROCEDURES DURING THE ROUTE.

1. Airspace Restrictions.
2. Control of defenses.
3. Tactical Formations/Turns.
4. “G” Consciousness.
5. Low level navigation.
a. Preparation of Maps and Charts/Pilotage/Deep reconnaissance.
b. Use of Navigation Aids/Use of Instruments.
c. Visual search techniques.
d. Knowledge update.
e. Time/Fuel Control.
f. Land Use/Partner Considerations.
g. Altitudes considered by legs during the route/Obstacle Alert (MSL and AGL).
h. Acquisition points and turns.
6. Reaction to Threats.
a. RWR/ECM/ALE-40
b. ROE, Engagement rules.
c. LOWAT Low Altitude Training.
d. Alternate flight route to avoid conflicts.

SPECIAL CASES.

1. Have knowledge of fuel capacity./Know the procedures for all types of actions.
2. Have two or three possible alternatives for solving problems.
3. Know and apply safety procedures well for low-level flights.
a. Ground proximity alert.
 b. Know the time remaining until contact with the ground.
i. Wing Level
ii. Limits of turns/concia “G”
c. Knowledge of the aircraft's flight maneuver parameters.

d. Know the emergency procedures, give a quick and forceful response.

e. Low level emergencies/Airplane malfunctions.
f. Route abort procedures/Quick reaction.
g. Risks associated with human factors (i.e., channeled attention, task
saturation/prioritization, and complacency).
h. Priority of task completion/Saturation of tasks received.
i. Perceptions and visual illusions.
4. Alternative routes and/or Missions.
5. Probable emergencies/Alternate bases.
6. Instructions in case of special operations.

3.8 OPERATIONS IN AIR/SURFACE COMBAT MISSIONS.

3.8.1 OPERATIONS FOR DEEP MISSIONS.

DURING THE ROUTE/AWARENESS “G”/RISKS. /INFORMATION ON DISTANCES

OR DEPTH RANGE.

1. Objective description and distance.

2. Flight restrictions.
3. Distances to hot entry point/Waiting.
4. Radio Procedures.
5. Trainings to be executed.
6. Organization by sequence of events.
7. Traffic patterns.

EMPLOYMENT PROCEDURES/TECHNIQUES

1. Position changes.
a. Armament.
b. Display
c. Use of aircraft instruments and systems.
2. BOMBING/Delivery procedure and see you later. (POP-up)
a. Entry speed/Altitude.
b. Maximum climb point and angle of attack/Power settings.
c. Target acquisition rules.
d. Ascent starting point/Altitudes.
e. Corrections pattern.
3. Point of introducing yourself to the target.
a. Position
b. Techniques (ascents and descents/turns/power).
c. Egress turns/Wind effects factor.
4. Final.
1. Acquisition and locking data/distance to egress point/IPP
2. dive angle
3. Speed.
4. HUD Presentation
5. Target in sight/Corrections/Aim point.
6. Launch parameters.
7. Launch indicators.
8. Recovery procedures.

NIGHT PROCEDURE (If applicable).

1. Use of lights on the plane.

2. Radio calls.
3. Target Identification/Target Illumination.
4. Night flight techniques (Space or separation between planes).
5. Check guiding instrument to lock on targets (illuminated reticle)/Disorientation.
6. Target illumination pattern with flares.
a. Set flare launching point and interval.
b. Wind/displacement effects.
c. Procedure in case of failed flares.
d. Change of patterns on airplanes.

OPERATIONS IN DEPTH OVER THE WATER.

1. Employment techniques.
a. Estimated calculation of distance in depth./Reduce errors to a minimum.
b. Distance/Altitude Estimate.
c. Positioning point for the maneuver.
I. Time.
II. Visual limits/Visual references in the aircraft for the execution of the
maneuver.
2. Special Considerations.
a. Adjustment of minimum altitudes.
b. Training/procedure rules in special operations.

DEPARTURES AND RECOVERY.

1. Security checks with weapons.

2. Meeting points.
3. Battle Damage/Bomb Control.
4. Weapon control on the wings.
5. Wrong launch/weapon clearance.
6. Secure/unsecure machine gun/locked machine gun.
SPECIAL CASES.

1. Error analysis.
2. Air/Surface training rules and special instructions for operation.
 3. Possible failures.
4. Minimum altitudes.
5. Maneuver Limitations.
a. Airplane type.
b. Weapon/transport type and mode of launch.
6. Setting the objectives.
7. Surface impact time.
a. Level.
b. Over Spins/Under Gravity.
8. Risks associated with human factors (i.e., channeled attention, task
saturation/prioritization, and complacency).
9. Alternate missions.

3.8.2 TACTICAL SURFACE ATTACK OPERATIONS.

GENERAL DATA OF THE MISSION.

1. Intelligence Aspects/Theater of Operations.

2. Low level maneuvers.
3. Check entry points to hot zone.
4. “G” Consciousness.
5. Entry to area of operations/Description/Limits.
6. Target area/Paths clear.
a. Location/Description/Elevation/Time over Target.
b. Visual cues in the target area.
c. Meteorological Situation in the target area.
I. Cloud ceiling/Visibility.
II. Everything related to Winds/Altimeter.
III. Angle of incidence of the sun/Shadows.
7. Order of threats.
a. Defense Type/Capabilities.
b. Location.
c. Against electronic measures.
I. Aluminum Foil/Flares.
II. Mask on the ground.
III. Radio silence procedures.
IV. Authentication/Disruption Codes
Communications/Procedures in conversations.
d. Reaction to the threat.
YO. LOWAT Low Altitude Training.

BOMBING.

1. Tactics
a. Overview.
b. Income.
i. Training.
 ii. Speed/Altitude.
c. Dropping Bombs.
i. Release type.
ii. Study of the procedures.
iii. Attack parameters.
a) Starting point of the action/Starting point of the
Maneuver.
b) Altitudes (Dive/Launch/Minimums).
iv. Visual Procedures/Mutual Support Responsibilities.
d. Egress.
i. Recovery/Return to low altitude.
ii. Loss of mutual support/Recovery point.

NIGHT PROCEDURES (If applicable)

1. Use of lights on airplanes.

2. Radio calls.
3. Identification of targets/illumination and distance to targets.
4. Night movement techniques, maintain minimum spaces/altitudes.
5. Use of instruments for night and low-level flight./Disorientation.
6. Flare firing pattern and firing intervals.
a. Flares launching point and time.
b. Wind effects and position changes.
c. Failed flare procedure.
d. Pattern changes in airplanes.
7. Meeting point/Takeoff distances.
8. Damage in Battle/Bomb Operations.
9. Mission reports (BDA/In-flight report).

CONTINGENCIES.

1. Establish 2 or 3 extra options to avoid surprises.

2. Anticipate tactical changes during the progress of operations.
3. Provide TACAN Air/air.
4. Coded words.
5. Meteorological conditions in the target area.
6. Unusual considerations.
7. Consider repeat re-entries for failed attacks.
8. Procedures for launching external tanks or weapons within the minimum
parameters for safety.
9. Escort Procedures/Consider the possibility of a flight package aircraft
malfunctioning due to aerial combat.

SPECIAL CASES.

1. Air/Surface Training Rules/Special Operating Instructions.

2. Low level flight rules.
3. Rules for flight training over water.
4. Night procedures.
 5. Risks associated with human factors (i.e., channeled attention, task
saturation/prioritization, and complacency).
6. Alternate missions.

3.8.3 CLOSE AIR SUPPORT OPERATIONS / INTERDICTION / RECONNAISSANCE /

ASSAULT TEAM.

GENERAL INFORMATION.

1. Intelligence report/posed threat scenario.

2. Low level flight procedures.
3. Weapon data and type.
a. Type/Fuze
b. Weapon Adjustment
c. Procedures for active ammunition.
i. Evacuation safety/Safe separation.
ii. Arm time fuses.
d. Laser operations.
4. Route training/Package observation responsibilities.
5. Check entry and exit point to hot zone.
6. “G” Consciousness.
7. Designation of call signs and radio frequencies.

PROCEDURE FOR RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS.

1. Reconnaissance route/Altitudes.
2. Formations.
3. Types of Objectives.
4. Engagement criteria
5. Attack Tactics/Types.

JOINT OPERATIONS OF AIR FORCES AND GOVERNMENT.

1. Controller department.
a. Appoint someone responsible for operations.
b. Include Helos in the Combat Air Force.
2. Coordination of forces.
a. Coordination meeting including all forces.
b. Scrambled Words/Call Masking.
c. Airspace restrictions.
i. Locking altitudes for ice.
ii. Minimum safe altitudes for airplanes.
iii. Separation and establishment of air corridors for artillery.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Extract from the USA Military Document MCI 11-A/OA10, Vol 3 January 17, 1997
49

Translated by: ESA_Vaquero